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INCLUDEPICTURE "专题二S.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "专题二S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题二S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题二S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题二S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题二S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．在解答单项选择题时，不仅要选出正确答案，还要知道其他选项错误的原因，做到单项选择题不失分．多项选择题难度较大，解答时，考生需要谨慎思考，严密推理，尽量做到不错选、不多选、不漏选．
2．在考试时，选择题以填涂答题卡的形式作答，填涂时不需要书写字母，只需使用2B铅笔填涂相应选项的信息点．填涂时要将信息点涂满、涂黑，黑度以盖住框内字母为准．
INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．直接判断法：通过观察，直接从题目中所给出的条件，根据所学知识和规律推出正确结果，做出判断，确定正确的选项．
2．淘汰排除法：在读懂题意的基础上，根据题目的要求，先将明显错误或不合理的备选答案逐个地排除掉，最后只剩下正确的答案．
3．逆向思维法：从备选的各个答案入手，进行题意分析，分别把各个答案中的物理现象和过程作为已知条件，经过周密的思考和分析，倒推出题中需成立的条件或满足的要求，从而在备选的答案中做出正确的选择．
4．归谬法(反证法)：先提出和定理中的结论相反的假定，然后从这个假定中得出和已知条件相矛盾的结果，这样就否定了原来的假定而肯定了定理．
5．概念辨析法：对题目中易混淆的物理概念进行辨析，确定正误的方法．
6．计算求解法：根据命题给出的数据，运用物理公式推导或计算其结果并与备选答案对照，做出正确的选择．
7．推理法：根据题目所给条件，利用有关的物理规律、物理公式或物理原理通过逻辑推理或计算得出正确答案，然后再与备选答案对照做出选择．
8．赋值法：针对题设条件先赋值代入进行检验，看命题是否正确，从而得出结论．
INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．(2024·云南)下列与一名中学生有关的物理量中，最符合实际的是(　　)
A．体温约为25 ℃
B．质量约为50 kg
C．身高约为160 m
D．心脏跳动一次的时间约为10 s
答案：B
2．(2024·黑龙江鸡西)下列关于声音的说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-821.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-821.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-821.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-821.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-821.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-822.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-822.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-822.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-822.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-822.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．物体振动得越快,响度越大 B．听不到闹钟铃声，真空不能传声
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-823.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-823.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-823.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-823.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-823.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-824.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-824.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-824.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-824.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-824.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
C．物体振幅越大,音调越高 D．倒车雷达，声传递能量
答案：B
3．(2024·湖北)下列现象中能用光的反射解释的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-825.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-825.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-825.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-825.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-825.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-826.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-826.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-826.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-826.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-826.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．阳光下日晷的影 B．水中小鸟的倒影
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-827.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-827.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-827.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-827.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-827.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-828.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-828.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-828.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-828.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-828.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
C．筷子在水面“弯折” D．白光分解为七色光
答案：B
4．(多选)(2025·山东烟台)中华优秀传统文化博大精深，处处蕴含着古人的智慧和情怀．下列对古诗词中涉及的物理现象解释正确的是(　　)
A．“可怜九月初三夜，露似真珠月似弓”——露的形成是汽化吸热
B．“夜来城外一尺雪，晓驾炭车辗冰辙”——冰的形成是凝固吸热
C．“月落乌啼霜满天，江枫渔火对愁眠”——霜的形成是凝华放热
D．“斜月沉沉藏海雾，碣石潇湘无限路”——雾的形成是液化放热
答案：CD
5．(2024·陕西)“五一”假期，小明乘车回老家看望亲人．一家人在一起摘槐花、吃槐花麦饭……这些都是小明最真切的童年记忆．下列有关说法正确的是(　　)
A．刚出锅的槐花麦饭很烫，是因为麦饭含有的热量多
B．槐树叶看上去呈绿色，是因为叶子吸收了绿光
C．小明在行驶的车上看到槐树向后运动，是以地面为参照物的
D．槐花香气四溢，是因为分子在永不停息地做无规则运动
答案：D
6．(2024·湖南)下列现象中的“吸”，利用了大气压强的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-843.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-843.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-843.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-843.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-843.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-844.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-844.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-844.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-844.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-844.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．用吸管吸饮料 B．带电气球吸起头发
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-845.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-845.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-845.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-845.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-845.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-846.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-846.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-846.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-846.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-846.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
C．苹果受到地球的吸引力 D．磁性黑板刷被吸住
答案：A
7．(2024·黑龙江鸡西)如图所示，各种做法中不符合安全用电原则的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-859.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-859.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-859.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-859.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-859.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-860.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-860.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-860.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-860.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-860.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．手要接触笔尾金属体 B．同时使用多个大功率用电器
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-861.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-861.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-861.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-861.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-861.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-862.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-862.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-862.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-862.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-862.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
C．开关要接在火线与用电器之间 D．冰箱的金属外壳接地
答案：B
8．(2024·山东滨州)小滨在劳动课上学习了一些做饭的方法后，和家人共同做了丰盛的晚餐．以下是他观察的现象及给出的解释，合理的是(　　)
A．在碗沿上磕破鸡蛋，是因为鸡蛋受到的力大于碗受到的力
B．将柔软的面团压成薄饼，面团发生了弹性形变
C．小滨给长辈们夹菜时，所使用的公筷是省力杠杆
D．用力擦去灶台上的污渍，是通过增大压力来增大摩擦的
答案：D
9．(2024·甘肃临夏)汽车已经成为现代生活不可缺少的交通工具．下列关于汽车的说法正确的是(　　)
A．汽车的动力由内燃机提供，单缸四冲程汽油机的飞轮每转一圈，对外做功一次
B．汽车的轮胎刻有花纹，是为了增大接触面的粗糙程度，从而增大摩擦力
C．静止在水平地面上的汽车对地面的压力和地面对汽车的支持力是一对平衡力
D．汽车的安全带可以减小突然加速时由于惯性带来的伤害
答案：B
10．(2024·河北)在劳动中应用科学知识．下表所列劳动项目与科学知识不相符的是(　　)
选项 劳动项目 科学知识
A 移动重物时在下面垫圆木 用滚动代替滑动可以减小摩擦
B 煮沸自来水 煮沸可杀菌消毒，降低水的硬度
C 用硝酸铵和水自制冷敷袋 硝酸铵在溶于水的过程中吸收热量
D 自制气压计 流体中，流速越大的位置压强越小
答案：D
11．(多选)(2025·山东烟台)在进行物理研究时，常常利用两个物理量之比来定义一个新的物理量，这种方法叫作比值定义法．下列物理量及对应公式能反映比值定义法的是(　　)
A．速度v＝ B．密度ρ＝
C．电流I＝ D．电功率P＝UI
答案：AB
12．(2025·湖北)液体燃料火箭喷气发动机示意图如图．输送装置将燃料和氧化剂输送到燃烧室燃烧，产生气体喷出推动火箭前进．下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-167.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-167.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-167.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-167.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-167.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．燃料燃烧时内能转化为化学能
B．燃料箱燃料减少，燃料热值不变
C．燃烧放出热量越多，燃料热值越大
D．火箭前进时，燃料的化学能全部转化为火箭的机械能
答案：B
13．(2024·山西)如图所示，一辆公交车正在水平路面匀速向右行驶，遇到突发情况紧急刹车时，下列能正确表示车内拉环情形的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-837.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-837.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-837.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-837.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-837.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-838.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-838.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-838.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-838.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-838.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-839.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-839.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-839.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-839.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-839.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-840.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-840.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-840.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-840.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-840.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-841.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-841.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-841.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-841.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-841.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A B C D
答案：A
14．(2024·江苏苏州)图甲是公共场所的宣传投影灯，装在高处的投影灯照在地面上出现图案，其内部结构如图乙所示．下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-829.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-829.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-829.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-829.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-829.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲　　　 　　乙
A．不同方向都能看到图案是光在地面发生了漫反射
B．该投影灯的成像原理与照相机相同
C．调小镜头与图片的距离图案变小
D．地面上看到的是放大的虚像
答案：A
15．(多选)(2025·云南)能源是人类文明进步的基础和动力．关于能源，下列说法正确的是(　　)
A．太阳能属于可再生能源
B．石油取之不尽用之不竭
C．核电站是利用核裂变发电的
D．风力发电的效率可以达到100%
答案：AC
16．(2024·吉林)《天工开物》中记载的“六桨课船”(课船：运税银的船)如图所示，关于“六桨课船”下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-848.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-848.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-848.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-848.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-848.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．船桨是一种杠杆
B．“六桨课船”只受浮力作用
C．船桨的机械效率大于100%
D．“六桨课船”浸入水中的体积与运载税银的质量无关
答案：A
17．(2024·内蒙古赤峰)模型法是人们通过一定的科学方法，建立一个适当模型揭示客观事物形态、特征和本质的研究方法．下列是一些使用模型法的实例，其中描述正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-851.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-851.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-851.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-851.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-851.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-852.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-852.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-852.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-852.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-852.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-853.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-853.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-853.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-853.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-853.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-854.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-854.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-854.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-854.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-854.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙 丙 丁
A．甲图中一束光从空气斜射入水中，折射光线远离法线
B．乙图中条形磁体外部的磁感线从磁体的N极出发，回到S极
C．丙图斜面上的小球所受重力的方向沿斜面向下
D．丁图是Be原子的结构模型，其原子核由质子和中子构成，中子带正电
答案：B
18．(2024·湖北)下列设备利用了通电导线在磁场中受力工作的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-855.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-855.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-855.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-855.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-855.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-856.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-856.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-856.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-856.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-856.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．司南 B．电饭煲
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-857.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-857.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-857.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-857.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-857.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-858.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-858.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-858.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-858.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-858.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
C．手持电风扇 D．风力发电机
答案：C
19．(2024·湖北武汉)如图所示，将一个小球用细线悬挂起来，让小球从A点静止释放，小球会在A、C两点之间来回摆动，最终静止下来．下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-842.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-842.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-842.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-842.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-842.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．小球从A点摆动到B点，动能转化为重力势能
B．小球能从B点摆动到C点是由于受到惯性
C．小球每次经过B点，其动能都比上一次小
D．小球最终静止在A点
答案：C
20．(2024·四川内江)“青岛号”导弹驱逐舰从海洋驶入长江时，受到的浮力和吃水深度的变化是(ρ海水＞ρ水，忽略驱逐舰自重的变化)(　　)
A．浮力变大 B．浮力不变
C．吃水深度变小 D．吃水深度不变
答案：B
21．(2024·黑龙江鸡西)天然气是一种清洁能源，方便居民使用的同时，也存在着泄漏的安全隐患．物理兴趣小组在老师的指导下设计了天然气泄漏检测电路，如图所示，电源电压恒定不变，R0为定值电阻，R为气敏电阻．R阻值随天然气浓度的增大而减小，则天然气(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-864.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-864.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-864.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-864.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-864.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．浓度增大时，电流表示数变小
B．浓度增大时，电压表示数变小
C．浓度减小时，电流表示数变大
D．浓度减小时，电压表示数变小
答案：D
22．(2025·四川遂宁)2025年是我国南极长城站成立40周年，科考队一路风雪兼程、筑梦冰原．不久前，科考队用上了安装有特殊电池的六足机器狗，让他们在应对南极的恶劣环境时有了“新助手”．有关六足机器狗的说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-169.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-169.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-169.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-169.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-169.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．机器狗六条腿的设计可以增大它与冰面间的受力面积从而增大压强
B．机器狗工作时消耗的电能是一次能源
C．科考队员可以依靠电磁波远程控制机器狗在冰面上执行任务
D．机器狗负重行走在水平冰面，它对冰面的压力和冰面对它的支持力是一对平衡力
答案：C
23．(2024·湖北)如图甲所示，利用相同规格的加热器加热等质量的a、b两种液体，得到温度随时间变化的图像如图乙所示，分析可知(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-834.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-834.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-834.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-834.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-834.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-835.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-835.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-835.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-835.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-835.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
A．相同时间内a中加热器产生的热量比b中的多
B．a和b的吸热能力都随着温度的升高不断增大
C．升高相同温度a所用时间比b少，a的吸热能力比b弱
D．相同时间内a升高的温度比b多，a的吸热能力比b强
答案：C
24．(2024·四川达州)如图所示，A、B两物体叠放在水平桌面上，GA＝80 N，GB＝20 N，A、B均为正方体，边长分别为20 cm、10 cm.在拉力F＝30 N的作用下，5 s内，物体A、B一起向右匀速直线移动了3 m．若不计滑轮和绳自重及绳与滑轮间的摩擦，下列说法错误的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-847.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-847.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-847.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-847.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-847.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．A与B之间的摩擦力为0
B．A对地面的压强为2 500 Pa
C．绳子自由端移动的速度为1.2 m/s
D．拉力F做功的功率为30 W
解析：选D．物体A、B一起向右匀速直线运动，A、B之间没有相对运动和相对运动趋势，故A与B之间的摩擦力为0，故A正确，不符合题意；A对地面的压力等于A和B组成的整体的重力，为F压＝GA＋GB＝80 N＋20 N＝100 N，则A对地面的压强为p＝＝＝2 500 Pa，故B正确，不符合题意；与动滑轮连接的绳子段数n＝2，根据滑轮组绳子自由端与物体移动距离的规律可知，绳子自由端移动的距离为s绳＝ns＝2×3 m＝6 m，则绳子自由端移动的速度为v绳＝＝＝1.2 m/s，故C正确，不符合题意；拉力F做功为W＝Fs绳＝30 N×6 m＝180 J，则拉力F做功的功率为P＝＝＝36 W，故D错误，符合题意．故选D．
25．(多选)(2025·四川泸州)在探究液体压强与容器形状关系的过程中，同学们建立了以下模型．甲、乙、丙三个容器的底面积相同而形状不同，容器中分别装有ρ甲＜ρ乙＜ρ丙且深度相同的三种液体，将完全相同的密闭小瓶按如图方式放入液体中，均能漂浮．则放入小瓶后，下列判断正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168B．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙 丙
A．各容器内液面上升高度h甲＞h乙＞h丙
B．各容器内液面上升高度h甲＜h乙＜h丙
C．各容器底部受液体压力变化量ΔF甲＞ΔF乙＞ΔF丙
D．各容器底部受液体压力变化量ΔF甲＜ΔF乙＜ΔF丙
答案：ACINCLUDEPICTURE "专题二S.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "专题二S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题二S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题二S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题二S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题二S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
．
INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．直接判断法：通过观察，直接从题目中所给出的条件，根据所学知识和规律推出正确结果，做出判断，确定正确的选项．
2．淘汰排除法：在读懂题意的基础上，根据题目的要求，先将明显错误或不合理的备选答案逐个地排除掉，最后只剩下正确的答案．
3．逆向思维法：从备选的各个答案入手，进行题意分析，分别把各个答案中的物理现象和过程作为已知条件，经过周密的思考和分析，倒推出题中需成立的条件或满足的要求，从而在备选的答案中做出正确的选择．
4．归谬法(反证法)：先提出和定理中的结论相反的假定，然后从这个假定中得出和已知条件相矛盾的结果，这样就否定了原来的假定而肯定了定理．
5．概念辨析法：对题目中易混淆的物理概念进行辨析，确定正误的方法．
6．计算求解法：根据命题给出的数据，运用物理公式推导或计算其结果并与备选答案对照，做出正确的选择．
7．推理法：根据题目所给条件，利用有关的物理规律、物理公式或物理原理通过逻辑推理或计算得出正确答案，然后再与备选答案对照做出选择．
8．赋值法：针对题设条件先赋值代入进行检验，看命题是否正确，从而得出结论．
INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．(2024·云南)下列与一名中学生有关的物理量中，最符合实际的是(　　)
A．体温约为25 ℃
B．质量约为50 kg
C．身高约为160 m
D．心脏跳动一次的时间约为10 s
2．(2024·黑龙江鸡西)下列关于声音的说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-821.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-821.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-821.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-821.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-821.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-822.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-822.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-822.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-822.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-822.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．物体振动得越快,响度越大 B．听不到闹钟铃声，真空不能传声
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-823.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-823.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-823.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-823.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-823.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-824.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-824.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-824.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-824.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-824.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
C．物体振幅越大,音调越高 D．倒车雷达，声传递能量
3．(2024·湖北)下列现象中能用光的反射解释的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-825.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-825.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-825.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-825.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-825.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-826.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-826.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-826.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-826.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-826.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．阳光下日晷的影 B．水中小鸟的倒影
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-827.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-827.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-827.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-827.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-827.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-828.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-828.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-828.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-828.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-828.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
C．筷子在水面“弯折” D．白光分解为七色光
4．(多选)(2025·山东烟台)中华优秀传统文化博大精深，处处蕴含着古人的智慧和情怀．下列对古诗词中涉及的物理现象解释正确的是(　　)
A．“可怜九月初三夜，露似真珠月似弓”——露的形成是汽化吸热
B．“夜来城外一尺雪，晓驾炭车辗冰辙”——冰的形成是凝固吸热
C．“月落乌啼霜满天，江枫渔火对愁眠”——霜的形成是凝华放热
D．“斜月沉沉藏海雾，碣石潇湘无限路”——雾的形成是液化放热
5．(2024·陕西)“五一”假期，小明乘车回老家看望亲人．一家人在一起摘槐花、吃槐花麦饭……这些都是小明最真切的童年记忆．下列有关说法正确的是(　　)
A．刚出锅的槐花麦饭很烫，是因为麦饭含有的热量多
B．槐树叶看上去呈绿色，是因为叶子吸收了绿光
C．小明在行驶的车上看到槐树向后运动，是以地面为参照物的
D．槐花香气四溢，是因为分子在永不停息地做无规则运动
6．(2024·湖南)下列现象中的“吸”，利用了大气压强的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-843.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-843.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-843.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-843.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-843.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-844.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-844.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-844.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-844.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-844.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．用吸管吸饮料 B．带电气球吸起头发
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-845.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-845.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-845.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-845.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-845.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-846.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-846.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-846.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-846.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-846.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
C．苹果受到地球的吸引力 D．磁性黑板刷被吸住
7．(2024·黑龙江鸡西)如图所示，各种做法中不符合安全用电原则的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-859.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-859.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-859.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-859.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-859.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-860.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-860.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-860.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-860.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-860.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．手要接触笔尾金属体 B．同时使用多个大功率用电器
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-861.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-861.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-861.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-861.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-861.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-862.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-862.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-862.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-862.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-862.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
C．开关要接在火线与用电器之间 D．冰箱的金属外壳接地
8．(2024·山东滨州)小滨在劳动课上学习了一些做饭的方法后，和家人共同做了丰盛的晚餐．以下是他观察的现象及给出的解释，合理的是(　　)
A．在碗沿上磕破鸡蛋，是因为鸡蛋受到的力大于碗受到的力
B．将柔软的面团压成薄饼，面团发生了弹性形变
C．小滨给长辈们夹菜时，所使用的公筷是省力杠杆
D．用力擦去灶台上的污渍，是通过增大压力来增大摩擦的
9．(2024·甘肃临夏)汽车已经成为现代生活不可缺少的交通工具．下列关于汽车的说法正确的是(　　)
A．汽车的动力由内燃机提供，单缸四冲程汽油机的飞轮每转一圈，对外做功一次
B．汽车的轮胎刻有花纹，是为了增大接触面的粗糙程度，从而增大摩擦力
C．静止在水平地面上的汽车对地面的压力和地面对汽车的支持力是一对平衡力
D．汽车的安全带可以减小突然加速时由于惯性带来的伤害
10．(2024·河北)在劳动中应用科学知识．下表所列劳动项目与科学知识不相符的是(　　)
选项 劳动项目 科学知识
A 移动重物时在下面垫圆木 用滚动代替滑动可以减小摩擦
B 煮沸自来水 煮沸可杀菌消毒，降低水的硬度
C 用硝酸铵和水自制冷敷袋 硝酸铵在溶于水的过程中吸收热量
D 自制气压计 流体中，流速越大的位置压强越小
11．(多选)(2025·山东烟台)在进行物理研究时，常常利用两个物理量之比来定义一个新的物理量，这种方法叫作比值定义法．下列物理量及对应公式能反映比值定义法的是(　　)
A．速度v＝ B．密度ρ＝
C．电流I＝ D．电功率P＝UI
12．(2025·湖北)液体燃料火箭喷气发动机示意图如图．输送装置将燃料和氧化剂输送到燃烧室燃烧，产生气体喷出推动火箭前进．下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-167.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-167.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-167.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-167.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-167.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．燃料燃烧时内能转化为化学能
B．燃料箱燃料减少，燃料热值不变
C．燃烧放出热量越多，燃料热值越大
D．火箭前进时，燃料的化学能全部转化为火箭的机械能
13．(2024·山西)如图所示，一辆公交车正在水平路面匀速向右行驶，遇到突发情况紧急刹车时，下列能正确表示车内拉环情形的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-837.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-837.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-837.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-837.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-837.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-838.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-838.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-838.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-838.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-838.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-839.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-839.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-839.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-839.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-839.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-840.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-840.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-840.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-840.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-840.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-841.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-841.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-841.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-841.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-841.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A B C D
14．(2024·江苏苏州)图甲是公共场所的宣传投影灯，装在高处的投影灯照在地面上出现图案，其内部结构如图乙所示．下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-829.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-829.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-829.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-829.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-829.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲　　　 　　乙
A．不同方向都能看到图案是光在地面发生了漫反射
B．该投影灯的成像原理与照相机相同
C．调小镜头与图片的距离图案变小
D．地面上看到的是放大的虚像
15．(多选)(2025·云南)能源是人类文明进步的基础和动力．关于能源，下列说法正确的是(　　)
A．太阳能属于可再生能源
B．石油取之不尽用之不竭
C．核电站是利用核裂变发电的
D．风力发电的效率可以达到100%
16．(2024·吉林)《天工开物》中记载的“六桨课船”(课船：运税银的船)如图所示，关于“六桨课船”下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-848.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-848.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-848.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-848.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-848.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．船桨是一种杠杆
B．“六桨课船”只受浮力作用
C．船桨的机械效率大于100%
D．“六桨课船”浸入水中的体积与运载税银的质量无关
17．(2024·内蒙古赤峰)模型法是人们通过一定的科学方法，建立一个适当模型揭示客观事物形态、特征和本质的研究方法．下列是一些使用模型法的实例，其中描述正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-851.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-851.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-851.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-851.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-851.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-852.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-852.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-852.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-852.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-852.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-853.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-853.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-853.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-853.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-853.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-854.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-854.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-854.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-854.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-854.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙 丙 丁
A．甲图中一束光从空气斜射入水中，折射光线远离法线
B．乙图中条形磁体外部的磁感线从磁体的N极出发，回到S极
C．丙图斜面上的小球所受重力的方向沿斜面向下
D．丁图是Be原子的结构模型，其原子核由质子和中子构成，中子带正电
18．(2024·湖北)下列设备利用了通电导线在磁场中受力工作的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-855.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-855.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-855.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-855.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-855.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-856.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-856.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-856.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-856.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-856.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．司南 B．电饭煲
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-857.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-857.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-857.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-857.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-857.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-858.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-858.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-858.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-858.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-858.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
C．手持电风扇 D．风力发电机
19．(2024·湖北武汉)如图所示，将一个小球用细线悬挂起来，让小球从A点静止释放，小球会在A、C两点之间来回摆动，最终静止下来．下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-842.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-842.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-842.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-842.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-842.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．小球从A点摆动到B点，动能转化为重力势能
B．小球能从B点摆动到C点是由于受到惯性
C．小球每次经过B点，其动能都比上一次小
D．小球最终静止在A点
20．(2024·四川内江)“青岛号”导弹驱逐舰从海洋驶入长江时，受到的浮力和吃水深度的变化是(ρ海水＞ρ水，忽略驱逐舰自重的变化)(　　)
A．浮力变大 B．浮力不变
C．吃水深度变小 D．吃水深度不变
21．(2024·黑龙江鸡西)天然气是一种清洁能源，方便居民使用的同时，也存在着泄漏的安全隐患．物理兴趣小组在老师的指导下设计了天然气泄漏检测电路，如图所示，电源电压恒定不变，R0为定值电阻，R为气敏电阻．R阻值随天然气浓度的增大而减小，则天然气(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-864.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-864.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-864.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-864.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-864.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．浓度增大时，电流表示数变小
B．浓度增大时，电压表示数变小
C．浓度减小时，电流表示数变大
D．浓度减小时，电压表示数变小
22．(2025·四川遂宁)2025年是我国南极长城站成立40周年，科考队一路风雪兼程、筑梦冰原．不久前，科考队用上了安装有特殊电池的六足机器狗，让他们在应对南极的恶劣环境时有了“新助手”．有关六足机器狗的说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-169.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-169.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-169.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-169.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-169.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．机器狗六条腿的设计可以增大它与冰面间的受力面积从而增大压强
B．机器狗工作时消耗的电能是一次能源
C．科考队员可以依靠电磁波远程控制机器狗在冰面上执行任务
D．机器狗负重行走在水平冰面，它对冰面的压力和冰面对它的支持力是一对平衡力
23．(2024·湖北)如图甲所示，利用相同规格的加热器加热等质量的a、b两种液体，得到温度随时间变化的图像如图乙所示，分析可知(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-834.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-834.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-834.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-834.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-834.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-835.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-835.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-835.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-835.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-835.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
A．相同时间内a中加热器产生的热量比b中的多
B．a和b的吸热能力都随着温度的升高不断增大
C．升高相同温度a所用时间比b少，a的吸热能力比b弱
D．相同时间内a升高的温度比b多，a的吸热能力比b强
24．(2024·四川达州)如图所示，A、B两物体叠放在水平桌面上，GA＝80 N，GB＝20 N，A、B均为正方体，边长分别为20 cm、10 cm.在拉力F＝30 N的作用下，5 s内，物体A、B一起向右匀速直线移动了3 m．若不计滑轮和绳自重及绳与滑轮间的摩擦，下列说法错误的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-847.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-847.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-847.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-847.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-847.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．A与B之间的摩擦力为0
B．A对地面的压强为2 500 Pa
C．绳子自由端移动的速度为1.2 m/s
D．拉力F做功的功率为30 W
25．(多选)(2025·四川泸州)在探究液体压强与容器形状关系的过程中，同学们建立了以下模型．甲、乙、丙三个容器的底面积相同而形状不同，容器中分别装有ρ甲＜ρ乙＜ρ丙且深度相同的三种液体，将完全相同的密闭小瓶按如图方式放入液体中，均能漂浮．则放入小瓶后，下列判断正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168B．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-168B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙 丙
A．各容器内液面上升高度h甲＞h乙＞h丙
B．各容器内液面上升高度h甲＜h乙＜h丙
C．各容器底部受液体压力变化量ΔF甲＞ΔF乙＞ΔF丙
D．各容器底部受液体压力变化量ΔF甲＜ΔF乙＜ΔF丙

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