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(共22张PPT)
Word
formation
英语构词法
Look at the sentences and expressions from the reading passage. Match the words in red to the types of word formation.
a. Neither is there pine nor
apple in pineapple.
b. … sculpt a sculpture …
c. When we … see rain …,
we can say “it's raining” …
d. WHO
P22 1
1 abbreviating(缩略法)
2 changing the part of speech(词性)（转化法）
3 adding a prefix or
suffix（派生法）
4 combining two or
more words（合成法）
Word formation
构词法
Abbreviation (缩略法)
Conversion (转化法)
Derivation (派生法)
Compounding (合成法)
1. 合成法
easy-going, reading-room
bus stop, post office
pancake, skateboard,
总结：由两个或更多的词合成一个新词, 有的用______________________连接,有的________连写在一起，还有的由____________________构成，这样的构词方法叫做合成法。
连词符号(hyphen)“-”
直接
分开的两个词
fireman
sunflower
daybreak
haircut
sleep-walk
snow-white
Task 1: Guess the meanings of words
消防员
向日葵
破晓，黎明
理发
梦游
雪白的
合成词的语义通常可以由组成它的单词的词义推测出来。
将方框内的单词合并为合成词，并用其适当形式填空。
rain, home, high, out, down,
way, going, bow, town, sick
rainbows
homesick
highway
outgoing
downtown
Alice is a(n) _________ girl so she has no trouble making friends with others in the university. After being away from home for several months, she started to feel __________ .She was going __________ this afternoon by car to buy some Christmas gifts for her parents. She was driving on the __________ built last year when she saw two _________ appeared in the sky after the rain.It felt as if she were at home with her parents.
2. 派生法
一个英语单词可以分为三个部分
词根（root）
前缀（prefix）
后缀（suffix）
happy
agree
un
dis
ily
ment
改变单词的
___________
meaning (意思)
改变单词的
___________
part of speech(词性)
总结：派生是由一个词根加上_______或_________，构成另一个词。这样的构词法叫做派生法。派生法是英语构词法中最高效的方式，占英语词汇量的 70%以上。
后缀
前缀
happy — unhappy
possible — impossible
expensive — inexpensive
agree — disagree
stop — non-stop
understand-misunderstand
lucky — __________
polite — __________
dependent — ____________
advantage — _____________
smoker — ____________
lead— ____________
表示“否定”、“相反”意义的前缀
unlucky
impolite
independent
disadvantage
non-smoker
mislead
1.The student should rewrite his name in the form if he has written the wrong one.
2. The ages of preschool education vary from 3 years old to 5.
3. There will be an international meeting in our city.
重新;再
在……之前
互相、在……之间
retell
rebuild
reread
preview
prepay
prehistory
interact
interchange
interview
通过派生词的前缀把词义推测出来。
后缀 含义 / 功能 例词
-er, -or (做某事)的人，……者 actor
-ment 表示动作、状态、结果 development
-ship 表示技能、地位、性质、状态 friendship
-tion 表示结果 relation
-able 表示可……的，有……性质的 comfortable
-ful 表示有……性质的，充满……的 useful
-less 表示无、没有 careless
-ous 表示有……特性的 dangerous
-ly 表示方式 carefully
Task 3 Find the same types
necessarily, powerful, eagerness, curious, creative, author, description, argument, actually,shameless,impression,reasonable
名词 形容词 副词
necessarily
actually
powerful
curious
shameless
reasonable
eagerness
author
description
argument
impression
3. 转化法 Conversion
1. Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.
麻烦没来找你，就别去自找麻烦。
2. Can you can a can as a canner can can a can
你能跟一个装罐头工人一样装罐头吗？
3. I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish.
我希望许和你一样的愿望。
读下面的绕口令
Your idea is better than mine.
adj.
更好的
Exercise can better your health.
v.
锻炼可以改善你的健康。
总结：由________词性转化为 __________或_________词性，词形不变，词性发生变化，这样的构词方法叫做转化法。
另一种
几种
一种
3. 转化法 Conversion
对比
写出下列划线词语的词性和词义。
1. They will never back down, but stand bravely on this land.
2. This book is a must for students.
3. We were bussed from the airport to our hotel.
4. Don’t baby your child when he makes mistakes.
v. 后退，撤退
n.必须
v. 用公交运送
v. 婴儿般对待
转化词通常保留原词的部分含义，可通过原词的常见用法辅助猜测，结合实际生活场景理解词义。
4. 缩略法 Abbreviation
截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
截短法 Clipping
首字母缩略法 Acronym
缩略法
Abbreviation
（1）截短法 Clipping
①截头
Telephone – ________
phone
aeroplane – ________
plane
②去尾
Mathematics – ________
math
taxicab – ________
taxi
examination – ________
exam
③截头去尾
Influenza – ________
flu
refrigerator – ________
fridge
4. 缩略法 Abbreviation
用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音，作为一个单词读音。
（2）首字母缩略法 Acronym
very important persone – ________
VIP
television – ________
TV
Testing of English as a Foreign Language – ________________
TOEFL
构词法
构词法
01
02
03
04
合成法
派生法
转化法
缩略法
合成词的语义通常可以由组成它的单词的词义推测出来。
通过派生词的前缀把词义推测出来。
转化词通常保留原词的部分含义，可通过原词的常见用法辅助猜测，结合实际生活场景理解词义。
P22 2
Homework:Complete the passage with the help of word formation.
When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit scary. But many of them are formed using other simpler words. This is called word formation.
Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, 1_________ (a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen) and 2___________ (known by many people).
Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings. If you add un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isn't correct it's 3_________, and if someone isn't happy they're 4_________. Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness are often nouns. For example, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great 5____________.
penfriend
well-known
incorrect
unhappy
improvement
构词法
合成法
派生法
Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the other way round. When we calm somebody down, they become 6______. And we can give someone a present by 7_________ it.
And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words: “World Trade Organization” can be referred to as 8_______, and 9_______ is short for “as soon as possible”.
It is impossible to know the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings.
calm
presenting
WTO
ASAP
转化法
缩略法
1. abbreviating:
WTO, ASAP
2. changing the part of speech:
calm , present
3. adding a prefix or suffix:
incorrect, improvement, unhappy
4. combining two or more words:
penfriend, well-known
incorrect， improvement， calm， WTO, penfriend, presenting, unhappy, well-known, ASAP
combining two or more words
adding a prefix or suffix
changing the part of speech
abbreviating
like
Group A
unlike, dislike, likely,
likelihood
Group B
unlike, dislike, likeness, likely,
liking, unlikely
P23 3
Choose one type and come up with as many words as possible.

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