资源简介

(共29张PPT)
Narrative Perspectives：
A Window for Writing and Reading
教材：外研版必修一
Unit 4 After Twenty Years
年级：高一
课型：读写课
Contents
01
Teaching Principles
02
Teaching Background
03
Teaching Procedures
04
Blackboard Design
05
Reflection
Teaching Principles
Teaching Background
Teaching
Background
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
（程晓堂，谢诗语，2023）
（梅德明，王蔷，2020 ）
Teaching Background
Teaching
Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Background
Narrative perspectives:
students’ continuation writing ≠ the original text
Mom sensed my nervousness that evening. She was sure I was hiding something serious, and her mind raced with worry about what I might have done. I just shook my head, unable to meet her eyes. "It's nothing," I mumbled, my voice trembling.
Problem
Strengths
Weakness
Use first-person and third-person perspectives for simple narration
Analysis
of students
Unfamiliar with continuation writing: narrative structure, language style, narrative perspectives, etc.
Lacking in the strategies to maintain coherence of narrative perspectives in their continuations.
Understand the process of continuation writing
Be aware of using psychological and action descriptions to make the writing vivid and more expressive.
Teaching Background
Teaching
Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Background
A key concept in literature, film, drama, documentary, news， sociology and psychology.
Writing
Reading
Thinking cultivation
Interdisciplinary and lifelong learning
keep consistent narrative perspectives in continuation writing
Improve writing skills and expressiveness
Deepen text comprehension
Enhance appreciative abilities
e.g. After Twenty years
shift from a single a single viewpoint to multiple angles
develop critical thinking and metacognitive skills
Beyond English class
Within English class
What
Narrative Perspectives
...
Teaching Background
Teaching
Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Why
Analysis of text
“After Twenty Years”是叙事艺术的典范，其最突出的特征就是精妙的“全知视角”运用。叙述者既能看到警察外在的“impressiveness”，又能洞察其内在的“habitual”；既能描绘陌生男子冷静的外貌，又能预知其不平凡的命运。这种视角创造了巨大的戏剧张力和悬念。
Teaching Background
Teaching
Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Background
A key concept in literature, film, drama, documentary, news， sociology and psychology.
Writing
Reading
Thinking cultivation
Interdisciplinary and lifelong learning
keep consistent narrative perspectives in continuation writing
Improve writing skills and expressiveness
Deepen text comprehension
Enhance appreciative abilities
e.g. After Twenty years
shift from a single a single viewpoint to multiple angles
develop critical thinking and metacognitive skills
Beyond English class
Within English class
What
Why
objective 1
objectives 2/3
objective 4
Narrative Perspectives
...
Teaching Background
Teaching
Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
By the end of the class, the students will be able to:
单击此处输入你的项正文，文字是您思想的提炼，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点
he inner world of the characters through external descriptions.
03
04
单击此处输入你的项正文，文字是您思想的提炼，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点
01
02
Teaching
Objectives
Distinguish the three types of narrative perspectives and summarize the key features of each.
Write a short paragraph from a given narrative perspective in a specific context.
Key points
Difficulties
Appreciate the surprise ending of “After Twenty Years” from the narrative perspectives.
学习理解
应用实践
应用实践
迁移创新
Revise a paragraph to maintain
internal focalization by implying the inner world of the characters through
external descriptions.
Teaching Background
Teaching
Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching Methods
Learning Methods
Question-chain Driven Method
Task-based Teaching Method
Scaffolding
Cooperative Learning
Inquiry- based Learning
Teaching Background
Teaching
Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Understanding - analyse narrative perspectives
Lead-in - perceive narrative perspectives
Applying - revise a paragraph
Practicing - write from different perspectives
Transferring - appreciate the narrative art
objective 1
objective 2&3
objective 4
1
3
5
2
4
学习理解
应用实践
迁移创新
Teaching
Principles
Teaching
Background
Step 1. Lead-in — perceive narrative perspectives
Purpose
·通过经典的教材文本引入话题，激发学习兴趣。
·问题链引导学生发现“叙事视角”这一概念，初步建立对“零聚焦叙事”的感性认识。
1. Who is telling the story
2. Who tells us the policeman’s impressiveness was “habitual and not for show”
3. Who knows both the policeman’s inner habit and the man’s face in detail
Read and Think
Zero focalization
零聚焦叙事（全知视角）
Question-chain Driven Method
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Principles
Teaching
Background
Purpose
通过分析学生读后续写中的典型错误，引发认知冲突，自然引出“内聚焦叙事”。
Step 1. Lead-in — perceive narrative perspectives
2. Can the narrator know Mom’s inner feelings
Internal focalization
内聚焦叙事（限知视角）
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Principles
Teaching
Background
1. What’s wrong with the underlined part
Purpose
通过2023年全国I卷续写文本及问题引导，学生进一步感知第三种叙事视角—“外聚焦叙事”，为后续深入学习做铺垫。
Step 1. Lead-in — perceive narrative perspectives
External focalization
外聚焦视角（客观视角）
Does the narrator describe inner feelings
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Principles
Teaching
Background
Step 2. Understanding - analyse narrative perspectives
Individual work
read paragraphs and identify narrative perspectives of each one.
Internal focalization
内聚焦视角
External focalization
外聚焦叙事
Zero focalization
零聚焦叙事
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Principles
Teaching
Background
Step 2. Understanding - analyse narrative perspectives
discuss and complete the table
Group work
Cooperative Learning Method
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Principles
Teaching
Background
Step 2. Understanding - analyse narrative perspectives
Purpose
三篇典型文本对比阅读和表格分析，明确三种叙事视角的核心特征与差异，感性认识→理性分析，为后续的写作实践与文本鉴赏奠定认知基础。
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Principles
Teaching
Background
Teaching Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Background
Step 3. Practicing - write from different perspectives
Task-based Teaching Method
Scaffolding
Cooperative Learning Method
Teaching Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Background
Step 3. Practicing - write from different perspectives
Presentation
Purpose
同一情境下的多视角分组写作任务，在语言输出中内化知识，体验不同视角的叙事差异，进行思维碰撞。
Teaching Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Background
Step 3. Practicing - write from different perspectives
Purpose
“侦查游戏”作为一种评价，极大激发学生的参与感和批判性思维。
Assessment
Teaching Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Background
Step 4. Applying - revise a paragraph
Purpose
·回归教学起点，运用所学的视角知识修改问题习作，解决真实的学习困难。
·提供三种具体的修改方案作为支架，引导学生将抽象的视角概念转化为具体的写作策略。
The Problem-Based Inquiry Approach
03
02
01
Use facial expressions to convey emotions.
Use action descriptions to replace inner thoughts.
Reveal inner states through characters’ dialogue.
Group 1-2
Group 3/4/5
Group 6/7/8
Teaching Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Background
Presentation
Step 4. Applying - revise a paragraph
Teaching Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Background
Step 4. Applying - revise a sentence
Assessment
Teaching Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Background
Step 5. Transferring - appreciate the narrative art
Inquiry- based Learning: The Guided Inquiry Approach
1
2
3
Before reading the note, what have we known
Although the narrator knows everything, what does he hide from us
How does O. Henry use zero focalization to create such a surprise ending
Read the excerpts “After Twenty Years”: About twenty minutes he waited,...
Teaching Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Background
Step 5. Transferring - appreciate the narrative art
Purpose
知识识别→艺术鉴赏
全知视角中“刻意隐藏”关键信息→出人意料的文学效果。
与课堂导入首尾呼应，完成认知闭环。
surprise
endings
Teaching Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Background
Step 6. Assignment
Purpose
课堂的延伸
《哈利·波特》：熟悉且受欢迎，典型的“内聚焦叙事”
搭建脚手架，降低作业难度
深化对文学技巧的理解
Teaching Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Background
A Zero focalization Narrator＞Characters
B Internal focalization Narrator＝Characters
C External focalization Narrator＜Characters
Narrative Perspectives:
A Window for Writing and Reading
Teaching Principles
Teaching
Procedures
Blackboard
Design
Reflection
Teaching
Background
Narrative Perspectives:
A Window for Writing and Reading
Student-Centered, Problem-Based Approach
Perspective Shift & Critical Thinking
Beyond teaching writing skills: “what is written” → “how it is written”—who is telling the story, and why
A new way of appreciating literature.
03
01
02
04
the common mistake of directly describing “mother’s thoughts” in first-person narrative → tracing the “cause,” (inconsistent narrative perspective)→ seeking the “solution”.
Clear Logic & Scaffolded Learning
perception → understanding → practice/ application → appreciation
Support: question chains, analysis tables, task cards, and revision strategies
Assessment-Integrated Learning
writing from different narrative perspectives : cross-group “detection and defence”→ peer evaluation
revising a paragraph: an evaluation table
→self-evaluation /peer evaluation
THANKS

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