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初中英语语法中考专项复习——形容词和副词
一、形容词和副词中考核心考点总览
考点1：形容词的句法功能与位置 考点2：副词的分类与句法功能 考点3：形容词与副词的比较级和最高级构成 考点4：比较级和最高级的基本句型 考点5：同级比较结构 考点6：形容词和副词的特殊用法与易混词辨析
二、形容词和副词考点系统讲解
考点1：形容词的句法功能与位置 中考要求： 掌握形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法 理解形容词在句中的正确位置 掌握多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序 形容词的三大句法功能： 1. 作定语（修饰名词）： 前置定语：a beautiful flower 后置定语（特殊情况）： 修饰复合不定代词：something interesting enough作定语：time enough（但通常前置enough time） 形容词短语：a book useful for students 2. 作表语（跟在系动词后）： She is beautiful. The food tastes delicious. 常见系动词：be, become, get, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, taste, sound 3. 作宾语补足语： We found the story interesting. He made his parents happy. 形容词位置口诀： 形容词前，名词后，定语表语功能有。 多个形容排顺序，限观形龄色国材。 多个形容词排列顺序（限观形龄色国材）： 1. 限定词（冠词、代词、数词等） 2. 观点形容词（beautiful, interesting） 3. 形状形容词（big, small, round） 4. 年龄新旧（old, new, young） 5. 颜色（red, blue） 6. 国籍（Chinese, American） 7. 材料（wooden, silk） a beautiful small old red Chinese wooden table
例题演练： 例1： I have ______ to tell you. A. important something B. something important C. anything important D. important anything 答案：B 解析：形容词修饰复合不定代词需后置。 例2： This is a(n) ______ table. A. old round wooden B. wooden old round C. round old wooden D. old wooden round 答案：A 解析：顺序为：年龄(old)→形状(round)→材料(wooden)。
考点2：副词的分类与句法功能 中考要求： 掌握副词的四大分类 理解副词在句中的位置 区分形容词和副词的用法 副词的四大分类： 类别功能常见副词例句方式副词修饰动词，表方式quickly, carefully, wellHe runs quickly.程度副词修饰形容词/副词very, quite, too, enoughvery good, too fast时间副词表时间now, then, soon, alreadyHe will come soon.地点副词表地点here, there, upstairs, outsideCome here, please.
副词位置规则： 方式副词：通常放在动词后，宾语前 She speaks English fluently. 程度副词：放在所修饰的形容词/副词前 very beautiful, too slowly 时间地点副词：通常放在句末 I'll see you tomorrow. He is waiting outside. 形容词与副词区别口诀 形容词，修饰名，名前表后要记清。
副词修饰动形副，句中位置看类型。
系动词后跟形容，实义动词副来行。
形变副加-ly，特殊变化单独记。
例3： He speaks English ______. A. good B. well C. nice D. fine 答案：B 解析：修饰动词speaks用副词well。 例4： The music sounds ______. A. beautifully B. beautiful C. beauty D. more beautiful 答案：B 解析：sound是系动词，后接形容词作表语。
考点3：形容词与副词的比较级和最高级构成 中考要求： 掌握规则变化的四种类型 熟记常见不规则变化 理解比较级和最高级的前置修饰词 规则变化速记口诀： 一般直接加er/est，以e结尾只加r/st。 重读闭音节双写尾，辅音加y变i加。 多音节前加more/most，规则牢记不会错。 规则变化分类表： 构成类别原级比较级最高级规则一般情况talltallertallest直接加-er/-est以e结尾largelargerlargest加-r/-st重读闭音节bigbiggerbiggest双写尾字母加-er/-est辅音+y结尾happyhappierhappiest变y为i加-er/-est多音节词beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful前加more/most
不规则变化（中考必背）： 原级比较级最高级记忆技巧good/wellbetterbest"好"变"更好""最好"bad/badly/illworseworst"坏"变"更坏""最坏"many/muchmoremost"多"变"更多""最多"littlelessleast"少"变"更少""最少"farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest"远"有"更远""最远"
比较级前常用修饰词： much, a lot, far, even, still（表示"...得多"） a little, a bit, slightly（表示"稍微..."）
例题演练： 例5： This box is ______ than that one. A. more heavier B. much heavier C. more heavy D. much heavy 答案：B 解析：heavy是双音节词，比较级是heavier，much修饰比较级。 例6： Of all the students, Tom runs ______. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 答案：D 解析：三者以上比较用最高级，副词最高级前the可省略，但通常保留。
考点4：比较级和最高级的基本句型 中考要求： 掌握比较级than句型 掌握最高级of/in句型 理解"比较级+and+比较级"和"the+比较级..., the+比较级..."句型 比较级基本句型： 1. A + be + 比较级 + than + B Tom is taller than Jack. 2. Which/Who + be + 比较级, A or B Which is bigger, the sun or the moon 3. 比较级前可加much/a lot/far/a little等 This book is much more interesting than that one. 最高级基本句型： 1. A + be + the + 最高级 + of/in... He is the tallest in our class. This is the most interesting book of the three. 2. Which/Who + be + the + 最高级, A, B or C Who is the youngest, Tom, Jack or Mike 特殊比较句型： 1. 比较级+and+比较级（越来越...） The weather is getting colder and colder. 2. the+比较级..., the+比较级...（越...就越...） The more you practice, the better you will be.
例题演练： 例7： ______ you work, ______ progress you will make. A. The harder; the more B. The harder; the most C. The hard; the more D. Harder; more 答案：A 解析："the+比较级..., the+比较级..."结构。 例8： China is one of ______ countries in the world. A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest 答案：D 解析：最高级前要加the。
考点5：同级比较结构 中考要求： 掌握as...as同级比较结构 掌握not as/so...as比较结构 理解同级比较中的省略 同级比较句型： 1. A + be + as + 原级 + as + B（和...一样） Tom is as tall as Jack. 2. A + be + not as/so + 原级 + as + B（不如...） This book is not as interesting as that one. 3. A + 实义动词 + as + 副词原级 + as + B She runs as fast as her brother. 同级比较注意事项： 1. as...as中间用形容词/副词原级 2. 第二个as后接比较对象 3. 否定式可用not as...as或not so...as 4. 可以加倍数：twice/three times as...as This room is twice as big as that one.
例题演练： 例9： He doesn't speak English ______ his sister. A. as good as B. as well as C. so good as D. so better as 答案：B 解析：修饰动词speak用副词well，同级比较用原级。 例10： This classroom is ______ that one. A. three times big as B. three times as big as C. as three times big as D. as big three times as 答案：B 解析：倍数放在as...as前。
考点6：形容词和副词的特殊用法与易混词辨析 中考要求： 掌握ed和ing形容词的区别 辨析常见易混形容词和副词 理解enough的用法 ed和ing形容词区别： ing形容词：令人...的，修饰物 The movie is interesting.（电影令人感兴趣） ed形容词：感到...的，修饰人 I am interested in the movie.（我对电影感兴趣） 常见易混词辨析表： 词对词性含义例句hard（努力）副词努力地He works hard.hardly（几乎不）副词几乎不He hardly works.late（晚）形容词/副词迟的/迟地He arrived late.lately（最近）副词最近I haven't seen him lately.high（高）形容词/副词高度The plane flew high.highly（高度地）副词高度地He is highly educated.deep（深）形容词/副词深度He dived deep into the water.deeply（深深地）副词深深地I was deeply moved.
enough的用法： 1. enough + 名词：enough time 2. 形容词/副词 + enough：good enough, fast enough 3. enough to do：old enough to go to school
例题演练： 例11： The news was so ______ that we were all ______. A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. excited; excited D. exciting; exciting 答案：B 解析：news令人兴奋用exciting，我们感到兴奋用excited。 例12： He is ______ to go to school. A. enough old B. old enough C. enough young D. young enough 答案：B 解析：enough放在形容词后。
三、形容词和副词易错点考前速查
易错点错误示例正确形式记忆技巧形容词副词混用He speaks English good.He speaks English well.修饰动词用副词比较级双写错误bigerbigger重读闭音节双写尾字母最高级漏theHe is tallest in class.He is the tallest in class.形容词最高级前加theas...as用比较级as taller asas tall asas...as中用原级enough位置错enough bigbig enoughenough放形容词后-ed/-ing混淆I am interesting in music.I am interested in music.人用-ed，物用-ing修饰比较级错误more bettermuch better避免双重比较
四、代词中考模拟
一、单项选择 1. 形容词作定语 I have ______ to tell you. A. important something B. something important C. anything important D. important anything 2. 形容词作表语 The food smells ______. A. well B. good C. nicely D. wonderfully 3. 副词修饰动词 She sings ______. A. beautiful B. beautifully C. beauty D. more beautiful 4. 比较级构成 This river is ______ than that one. A. more long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 5. 最高级构成 He is ______ student in our class. A. the clever B. cleverer C. the cleverest D. cleverest 6. 不规则比较级 I have ______ books than you. A. many B. more C. much D. most 7. 同级比较 Tom is ______ his brother. A. as tall as B. so tall as C. as taller as D. so taller as 8. 同级比较否定 This movie is ______ that one. A. not as interesting as B. not so interesting than C. not interesting as D. not so interesting as 9. 比较级修饰 This book is ______ than that one. A. much interesting B. more interesting C. much more interesting D. more much interesting 10. 最高级范围 This is ______ book I have ever read. A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. most interesting 11. the more..., the more... ______ you practice, ______ you will be. A. The more; the better B. More; better C. The more; better D. More; the better 12. 比较级+and+比较级 The weather is getting ______. A. cold and cold B. colder and colder C. more and more cold D. more cold and more cold 13. enough的用法 He is ______ to go to school alone. A. enough old B. old enough C. enough young D. young enough 14. ed/ing形容词 The news is so ______ that we are all ______. A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. excited; excited D. exciting; exciting 15. 易混副词辨析 He works ______, so he ______ has time to play. A. hard; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard; hard D. hardly; hardly 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 16. She is much ______ (tall) than her sister. 17. This is the ______ (interesting) book I have ever read. 18. He speaks English ______ (fluent) than I. 19. The story sounds ______ (excite). 20. Of the two boys, Tom runs ______ (fast). 21. The ______ (much) you read, the ______ (much) you know. 22. He is ______ (old) enough to go to school. 23. I have never seen a ______ (beautiful) picture. 24. This question is ______ (difficult) than that one. 25. She looks ______ (happy) today than yesterday. 三、改错题 26. He speaks English very good. → ______ 27. This box is more heavier than that one. → ______ 28. She is the taller of the three. → ______ 29. I am interesting in science. → ______ 30. He is enough old to join the army. → ______
测试答案及解析 一、单项选择 1. B 形容词修饰复合不定代词后置 2. B smell是系动词，后接形容词 3. B 修饰动词sings用副词 4. B long的比较级是longer 5. C 形容词最高级前加the 6. B many的比较级是more 7. A 同级比较用as...as 8. A 否定同级比较用not as...as 9. C much修饰比较级more interesting 10. C 最高级前加the 11. A "the+比较级..., the+比较级..."结构 12. B "比较级+and+比较级"结构 13. B enough放在形容词后 14. B news令人兴奋用exciting，我们感到兴奋用excited 15. A hard努力工作，hardly几乎不 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 16. taller 17. most interesting 18. more fluently 19. exciting 20. faster 21. more; more 22. old 23. more beautiful 24. more difficult 25. happier 三、改错题 26. good → well 27. more heavier → heavier（或much heavier） 28. taller → tallest 29. interesting → interested 30. enough old → old enough

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