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课题：语法填空 总第42课时
教学目标：1.复习讲解语法填空题型的解题技巧。教学重点：1.讲解语法填空题型的解题技巧。教学难点：1.讲解语法填空题型的解题技巧； 2. 语法填空在真实语境中的实际运用。课时安排：1课时。
教 学 过 程 个 性 修 改　　
第一课时一、题型概述语法填空要求考生在200多词的语篇上下文中进行语法判断，并填入恰当的单词或者括号内单词的适当形式，以使语篇完整。语法填空设有十个空，有3~4个空为盲填，一般根据上下文填写冠词、连词、代词it或者介词；有6~7个空提供了提示词，根据语篇填写提示词的适当形式。十空考点一般不重复，主要考查动词、名词、形容词、副词、冠词、介词、连词、代词。二、策略解读1. 有提示词可先判断提示词的词性，并回忆提示词存在的各种可能性变化，再根据提示词所在句子所缺的成分，将提示词变成符合该句语法的适当形式。（1）提示词为名词。（常见考点：①可数名词的复数形式；②名词所有格；③词性转换；④感叹句与名词单复数结合考。）［例题1］ Large hospitals and new schools are built. There are many new roads and （bridge）.[答案]bridges[解析]点拨：bridge为名词，可加s变成复数。在该句中，前文提到many及空前的and，可判断该处需要将bridge变成复数bridges。（2）提示词为代词。（主要考查人称代词主格、宾格、形容词性和名词性物主代词、反身代词等。）［例题2］ Who should you write to？Think about a friend or relative that lives far away. A parent or best friend would also love to receive （you） letter.[答案]your[解析]点拨：提示词为代词时，一般先判断该句中缺少什么成分。该句中，下文中的letter为名词，因此，可判断前文应是填入形容词性物主代词your。［例题3］ On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in 278 BC， Qu threw （he） into the Miluo River and died for his homeland.[答案]himself[解析]点拨：该句的意思是屈原将自己投入汨罗江中殉国，主语Qu与宾语为同一对象，因此要使用反身代词himself指代屈原本人。（3）提示词为动词。（主要考查动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、固定搭配等。）动词的考查范围很广，首先，要判断所填空的动词为谓语动词还是非谓语动词，如果是谓语动词，则考虑时态、语态、主谓一致；如果是非谓语动词，则考虑固定搭配等。［例题4］ He encouraged people （take） a break from today’s social media（媒体）and write a letter to someone by hand.[答案]to take[解析]点拨：该句已有谓语动词encourage，因此take是作为句中的非谓语动词，encourage的搭配为encourage sb. to do sth. 因此，take要转换成不定式to take。［例题5］ A recent study shows that letter writing （make） the writer happy, too. “Handwriting is your DNA. It’s your fingerprint that only you can share with others,” said Richard Simpkin.[答案]makes[解析]点拨：该句中，可以看出make是作为宾语从句中的谓语动词，根据上下文，该句应使用一般现在时，而该句的主语为letter writing，动名词作主语看作单数，因此make要转换成三单形式makes。［例题6］ A Farewell Song begins with a lovely morning scene. On that morning, Wang had to say goodbye to his friend Yuan Er, who would leave for Anxi in today’s Xinjiang. The last two lines are the most well-known. Yuan （invite） by the poet to drink wine（酒）because he knew that life in Anxi would be difficult.[答案]was invited[解析]点拨：根据前后文语境及提示词by，可知此空缺谓语动词且考查被动语态。句意：元二被诗人邀请去喝酒，因为他知道安西（现在的新疆）的生活会很艰难。根据语境应用一般过去时的被动语态was invited。（4）提示词为形容词或副词。（主要考查形容词变副词的使用及变化规律、形容词或副词的比较级与最高级,有时候也考查形容词与名词的转化，如important变成 ____________ , different变成 ____________, difficult变成 ____________ 等。）[答案]importance; difference; difficulty［例题7］ Tina made a wish to get to the lake （quick）.[答案]quickly[解析]点拨：在该句中，quick是用来修饰动词短语get to，因此需要将quick改成副词形式quickly。形容词变副词时，一般在此后加ly，辅音加y结尾则改y为i, 再加ly, 如luckily。以le结尾则一般将le变成ly，如terribly。［例题8］ The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Of all the legends （传说） about it， （famous） one is about Qu Yuan.[答案]the most famous[解析]点拨：前文有of all来表示范围，因此，famous要使用最高级the most famous，表示“在所有传说中，最有名的是关于屈原的”。［例题9］ Don’t worry. You just have to wait much （long） because your reward is more special.[答案]longer[解析]点拨：该空前出现了 much， much用于修饰形容词比较级，根据下文可知，等得更久一些是因为你的奖赏更加特别。因此，需将long改成比较级longer。［例题10］ “Wow! I like those bright colors! That’s great!” I felt （relax） at once.[答案]relaxed[解析]点拨：该句结构为“I felt…”典型的主系表结构，应使用relax的形容词形式relaxed，而当主语为人，表示人“感到放松”时，要使用relaxed。当主语为物，并表示某物是“令人感到放松”时，使用relaxing，比如：the relaxing music。2. 无提示词（1）若是在没有冠词的可数名词单数前，或与冠词形成固定搭配的词前，则考虑填入适当的冠词a/an/the。［例题11］ It’s good way to show people that you have been thinking of them.[答案]a[解析]点拨：在句子中，下文有good way，作为可数名词单数形式的way，在该句中未发现任何冠词等限定词且good以辅音音素发音开头，所以需要使用冠词a。（2）若是句中属于并列结构或者连接两个句子时，则考虑填入并列连词（and/but/or/so）或者从属连词（because/though/until/if/unless…）。［例题12］ So get some paper pick up a pen. Start writing a letter today![答案]and[解析]点拨：该空前后文为并列结构，均为动作，两动作属于前后关系，联系紧密且为祈使句，因此，需要使用并列连词and。［例题13］ I was surprised that at first I didn’t see what was happening by the river. Later, I saw a sad sight—two horses were down and the riders were hurt.[答案]so[解析]点拨：该空后为形容词surprised，后面还有that,可判断该句为so…that引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。平时，要多留意和记忆此类型的连词组合。（3）若所填空后带有动名词或者冠词加名词，则考虑填入介词。［例题14］ They threw zongzi and other food into the river to keep fish eating Qu’s body.[答案]from[解析]点拨：根据语境考查keep的用法，keep sth./sb. from doing sth. 表示“阻止某人或某物做某事”。（4）有些句子是固定句型，或者存在固定短语。［例题15］ seems impossible to find a person after such a long time, but Zhang promised to do his best.[答案]It[解析]点拨：该句是固定句型，it seems/seemed+adj. （+for sb）. to do sth. 表示“做某事对于某人来说似乎是怎样的”。it做形式主语，to do sth. 为真正主语。平时在学习中，要注意固定句型的积累，如感叹句、强调句等。［例题16］ his surprise, when he looked into the well, he found the moon in it.[答案]To[解析]点拨：该句考查的是固定词组的用法，to one's surprise。因此，在平时学习中，要注意固定短语的积累和记忆，如with the help of, look forward to, in silence等。三、实践应用（2025·长沙中考模拟）In Kunshan, a city in Jiangsu Province, AI police are now helping keep the city safe. These special police use artificial intelligence（AI） 1. （prevent） and solve crimes. They are part 2. Kunshan Public Security Bureau’s（安保局） AI Team.Kunshan has a population of over 3 million people. Last year, to better serve the people, 35 skilled policemen and policewomen 3. （choose） to form the AI team by the Bureau. They fed ten years of cases to AI police to create over 220 smart models to discover bad behavior, give warnings, fight crimes and keep the public safe.The AI police have been especially 4. （help） in preventing telecommunications fraud（电信诈骗）. They have helped solve 609 cases. In one case, they 5. （stop） a 980,000 yuan fraud within 10 minutes, saving 500,000 yuan.The AI police not only save time 6. also make police work more smoothly. Even new police 7. （office） can work like experienced ones because they can use AI police that are so “experienced”.The AI police also help fight counterfeiting（仿冒） and protect intellectual property rights（知识产权）. Zeng Cheng, 8. member of the Kunshan police, said the AI police can help save time and effort and get 9. （good） results than before.Shi Weihua, director of the Kunshan Public Security Bureau, said the AI police have improved public security without 10. （need） more police.[答案]1．to prevent 2．of 3．were chosen 4．helpful 5．stopped6．but 7．officers 8．a 9．better 10．needing
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