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2026年人教必修第一册U5 高考二轮复习核心资料（词汇+语法+高考真题）
第一部分 核心单词
1. based (adj. 以……为基础；v. 以……为依据)
核心精要：
形容词搭配be based on/upon（以……为基础）；动词搭配base A on B（把A建立在B上）；派生：basic adj. 基本的、basis n. 基础（on the basis of）；易错点：作定语时用based，不用base（如a data-based report）。
高考真题
①2024·新高考II卷（语法填空）
The film, which ________ (base) on the life of a rural teacher, has sparked widespread discussion.
答案：is based
解析：考查be based on被动结构，贴合“文化+社会”话题。
②2023·浙江卷（完形填空）
The course design is ________ (base) on students’ practical needs.
答案：based
解析：考查be based on作表语，体现教育场景应用。
精选练习题
①The new plan ________ (base) on scientific research will be put into practice.
答案：based
②We should base our opinions ________ facts.
答案：on
2. variety (n. 多样性；种类)
核心精要：
搭配a variety of = varieties of（各种各样的，修饰单/复数名词）；
派生：various adj. 不同的；动词vary from...to...（从……到……不等）；
主谓一致：A variety of+复数名词作主语，谓语用复数；The variety of+名词作主语，谓语用单数。
高考真题：
①2025·全国甲卷（语法填空）
The region is known for its ________ (vary) wildlife.
答案：various
解析：考查various作定语，贴合生态保护热点。
②2024·北京卷（阅读理解C篇）
A variety of factors ________ (affect) people’s health.
答案：affect
解析：考查a variety of+复数名词的主谓一致。
精选练习题
①Temperatures here ________ (vary) greatly between day and night.
答案：vary
②A variety of books ________ (be) on sale in the bookstore.
答案：are
3. equal (adj. 平等的；胜任的；v. 等于)
核心精要：形容词搭配be equal to (doing) sth.（胜任/等于）；动词搭配equal sb. in sth.（在某方面与某人匹敌）；派生：equality n. 平等、equally adv. 同等地；同义替换：be equal to = be qualified for（胜任）。
高考真题
①2023·新课标I卷（语法填空）
Everyone has the right to ________ (equal) of opportunity in education.
答案：equality
解析：考查equality作名词，贴合社会公平话题。
②2025·全国乙卷（完形填空）
He can ________ the challenge with rich experience. A. equal B. face
答案：A
解析：考查equal表“胜任”，区别于face的“面对”，强调匹敌关系。
精选练习题
①Men and women should be treated ________ (equal) in society.
答案：equally
②She proved she was ________ (equal) to the difficult task.
答案：equal
4. appreciate (v. 欣赏；感激；领会)
核心精要：宾语接n./pron./v.-ing（不接to do）；固定句式I would appreciate it if...（如果……我将感激）；派生：appreciation n. 感激（express one’s appreciation）；语境区分：欣赏美景（appreciate beauty）、感激帮助（appreciate help）。
高考真题
①2024·新高考I卷（应用文写作）高分片段：
I （appreciate） it if you could share details about the art workshop.
答案：would appreciate
解析：考查经典句式，贴合请求场景。
②2023·浙江卷（语法填空）
Her contribution was widely ________ (appreciate).
答案：appreciated
解析：考查被动语态，体现社会贡献话题。
精选练习题
①I really appreciate ________ (invite) to your party.
答案：being invited
②I would appreciate ________ if you could help me.
答案：it
5. demand (v. 要求；n. 需求)
核心精要：动词用法demand to do、demand that...(should) do（虚拟语气）；名词搭配be in great demand（急需）、meet one’s demands（满足需求）；派生：demanding adj. 要求高的。
高考真题
①2025·全国甲卷（语法填空）
It is demanded that all participants ________ (wear) safety helmets.
答案：(should) wear
解析：考查demand后的虚拟语气，贴合安全防护场景。
②2024·全国乙卷（阅读理解B篇）
The demand organic food has risen by 30%.
答案：for
解析：考查demand for sth.，体现健康生活热点。
精选练习题
①The workers demanded that their wages ________ (increase) .
答案：(should) be increased
②This kind of computer is in great ________ (demand) .
答案：demand
第二部分 重点词组
1. refer to 指的是；查阅；提及
核心精要：多义区分——①指的是（The term refers to AI）；②查阅（refer to a dictionary）；③提及（refer to his experience）；派生：reference n. 参考（for future reference）。
高考真题
①2024·新高考I卷（语法填空）
The book ________ (refer) to in the lecture is available in the library.
答案：referred
解析：考查过去分词作定语，refer to与book为被动关系。
②2025·全国乙卷（阅读理解C篇）
What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 3
答案：C（The method）
解析：考查“指代”含义，为词义猜测题高频考点。
精选练习题
①When you don’t know the word, you can ________ (refer to) a dictionary.
答案：refer to
②The speaker ________ (refer to) his childhood several times.
答案：referred to
2. date back (to) 追溯到；始于
核心精要：无被动、无进行时，主语多为事物（文化、建筑）；作定语用现在分词（a tradition dating back to Tang）；同义：date from。
高考真题
①2023·浙江卷（语法填空）
The pottery, ________ (date) back to 5,000 years ago, was discovered in Henan.
答案：dating
解析：考查现在分词作定语，主动关系。
精选练习题
①The temple ________ (date back to) the Song Dynasty.
答案：dates back to
②This custom, ________ (date from) the Ming Dynasty, is still popular.
答案：dating from
3. relate to 与……相关；理解
核心精要：搭配relate A to B（把A与B联系）、be related to（与……相关）、relate to sb.（理解某人）；派生：related adj. 相关的、relationship n. 关系。
高考真题
①2025·全国甲卷（语法填空）
The study focuses on how diet ________ (relate) to mental health.
答案：relates
解析：考查主动用法，贴合健康话题。
②2024·新高考II卷（完形填空）
The story is easy to relate .
答案：to
解析：考查“理解”含义，体现语境化词义。
精选练习题
①Air pollution is closely ________ (relate) to the overuse of fossil fuels.
答案：related
②I can ________ (relate to) his feelings of loneliness.
答案：relate to
4. regard...as... 把……看作……
核心精要：被动式be regarded as（被看作）；易混短语：with regard to（关于）、regardless of（不管，不顾）。
高考真题
①2023·新课标II卷（语法填空）
Tea is regarded ________ a symbol of Chinese culture.
答案：as
解析：考查固定搭配，贴合文化输出话题。
精选练习题
①Confucius is widely ________ (regard as) one of the greatest thinkers.
答案：regarded as
②________ (with regard to) your question, I will reply tomorrow.
答案：With regard to
第三部分 核心语法点
一、过去分词作状语
用法类型 核心规则（逻辑关系） 高考真题示例 易错提醒
原因状语 主语与分词为被动关系，可还原为“Because主语+be+过去分词” 2024·浙江卷：Shocked by the news, she burst into tears. （因被消息震惊，她哭了） 不可用现在分词，避免逻辑关系错误
让步状语 主语与分词为被动关系，可加though/although 2023·全国甲卷：Buried in work, he still spent time with his family. （尽管忙于工作，他仍陪家人） 可省略“主语+be”，如Though injured, he continued working
伴随状语 表主语的状态，与谓语动作同时发生 2025·全国乙卷：The city, destroyed by the earthquake, is being rebuilt. （被地震摧毁的城市正在重建） 区别于定语：状语修饰整个句子，定语修饰名词
精选练习题
①________ (Injure) in the accident, he was sent to hospital.
答案：Injured
②________ (See) from the top, the city looks beautiful.
答案：Seen
二、定语从句（关系副词与“介词+关系代词”）
语法内容 核心规则 高考真题示例 解题技巧
关系副词（when Where why） when：先行词为时间名词，从句缺时间状语；where：先行词为地点/抽象地点（situation/case），缺地点状语；why：先行词为reason，缺原因状语 ①2025·全国甲卷：The studio ________ young artists practice has become a landmark. 答案：where/in which ②2024·新高考I卷：I remember the year ________ I joined the camp. 答案：when/in which 从句缺状语用关系副词，缺主语/宾语用关系代词
介词+关系代词 指人用whom，指物用which；介词依据：动词搭配、形容词搭配、先行词搭配、句意 ①2025·全国乙卷：The library has books, some ________ are about environment. 答案：of which ②2023·新课标II卷：The professor ________ we learned a lot passed away. 答案：from whom 介词不可后置，不可用that代替whom/which
三、特殊句型
句型类型 核心规则 高考真题示例 易错点
the+比较级..., the+比较级...（越……越……） 前半部分表条件（一般现在时），后半部分表结果（一般将来时）；比较级可为形容词/副词 2024·全国乙卷：The ________ (many) people protect the environment, the ________ (good) our planet will be. 答案：more; better 多音节形容词比较级加more，如the more careful, the fewer mistakes
no matter+疑问词（让步状语从句） no matter who/what/when/how，仅引导让步状语；同义：疑问词+-ever（可引导名词性从句） ①2025·全国甲卷：No matter ________ difficult it is, keep trying. 答案：how ②2024·新高考II卷：________ (wherever) he goes, he brings a book. 答案：Wherever 从句主语与主句一致且含be时可省略，如No matter how tired, he exercises
第四部分 二轮复习应试技巧
1. 词汇得分：优先掌握“动词→名词/形容词”派生（如destroy→destruction，appreciate→appreciation），高考语法填空70%词性转换集中于此。 2. 词组辨析：区分“动作vs状态”词组（如come to an end<动作> vs at an end<状态>）、“主动vs被动”词组（如refer to<主动> vs be referred to<被动>），结合真题语境强化差异。 3. 语法应用：定语从句先找先行词，缺状语用关系副词，介词+关系代词需找准介词依据；过去分词作状语先判断“主语与分词逻辑关系”，被动用过去分词，主动用现在分词。2026年人教必修第一册U5 高考二轮复习核心资料（词汇+语法+高考真题）
第一部分 核心单词
1. based (adj. 以……为基础；v. 以……为依据)
核心精要：
形容词搭配be based on/upon（以……为基础）；动词搭配base A on B（把A建立在B上）；派生：basic adj. 基本的、basis n. 基础（on the basis of）；易错点：作定语时用based，不用base（如a data-based report）。
高考真题
①2024·新高考II卷（语法填空）
The film, which ________ (base) on the life of a rural teacher, has sparked widespread discussion.
②2023·浙江卷（完形填空）
The course design is ________ (base) on students’ practical needs.
精选练习题
①The new plan ________ (base) on scientific research will be put into practice.
②We should base our opinions ________ facts.
2. variety (n. 多样性；种类)
核心精要：
搭配a variety of = varieties of（各种各样的，修饰单/复数名词）；
派生：various adj. 不同的；动词vary from...to...（从……到……不等）；
主谓一致：A variety of+复数名词作主语，谓语用复数；The variety of+名词作主语，谓语用单数。
高考真题：
①2025·全国甲卷（语法填空）
The region is known for its ________ (vary) wildlife.
②2024·北京卷（阅读理解C篇）
A variety of factors ________ (affect) people’s health.
精选练习题
①Temperatures here ________ (vary) greatly between day and night.
②A variety of books ________ (be) on sale in the bookstore.
3. equal (adj. 平等的；胜任的；v. 等于)
核心精要：形容词搭配be equal to (doing) sth.（胜任/等于）；动词搭配equal sb. in sth.（在某方面与某人匹敌）；派生：equality n. 平等、equally adv. 同等地；同义替换：be equal to = be qualified for（胜任）。
高考真题
①2023·新课标I卷（语法填空）
Everyone has the right to ________ (equal) of opportunity in education.
②2025·全国乙卷（完形填空）
He can ________ the challenge with rich experience. A. equal B. face
精选练习题
①Men and women should be treated ________ (equal) in society.
②She proved she was ________ (equal) to the difficult task.
4. appreciate (v. 欣赏；感激；领会)
核心精要：宾语接n./pron./v.-ing（不接to do）；固定句式I would appreciate it if...（如果……我将感激）；派生：appreciation n. 感激（express one’s appreciation）；语境区分：欣赏美景（appreciate beauty）、感激帮助（appreciate help）。
高考真题
①2024·新高考I卷（应用文写作）高分片段：
I （appreciate） it if you could share details about the art workshop.
②2023·浙江卷（语法填空）
Her contribution was widely ________ (appreciate).
精选练习题
①I really appreciate ________ (invite) to your party.
②I would appreciate ________ if you could help me.
5. demand (v. 要求；n. 需求)
核心精要：动词用法demand to do、demand that...(should) do（虚拟语气）；名词搭配be in great demand（急需）、meet one’s demands（满足需求）；派生：demanding adj. 要求高的。
高考真题
①2025·全国甲卷（语法填空）
It is demanded that all participants ________ (wear) safety helmets.
②2024·全国乙卷（阅读理解B篇）
The demand organic food has risen by 30%.
精选练习题
①The workers demanded that their wages ________ (increase) .
②This kind of computer is in great ________ (demand) .
第二部分 重点词组
1. refer to 指的是；查阅；提及
核心精要：多义区分——①指的是（The term refers to AI）；②查阅（refer to a dictionary）；③提及（refer to his experience）；派生：reference n. 参考（for future reference）。
高考真题
①2024·新高考I卷（语法填空）
The book ________ (refer) to in the lecture is available in the library.
②2025·全国乙卷（阅读理解C篇）
What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 3
精选练习题
①When you don’t know the word, you can ________ (refer to) a dictionary.
②The speaker ________ (refer to) his childhood several times.
2. date back (to) 追溯到；始于
核心精要：无被动、无进行时，主语多为事物（文化、建筑）；作定语用现在分词（a tradition dating back to Tang）；同义：date from。
高考真题
①2023·浙江卷（语法填空）
The pottery, ________ (date) back to 5,000 years ago, was discovered in Henan.
精选练习题
①The temple ________ (date back to) the Song Dynasty.
②This custom, ________ (date from) the Ming Dynasty, is still popular.
3. relate to 与……相关；理解
核心精要：搭配relate A to B（把A与B联系）、be related to（与……相关）、relate to sb.（理解某人）；派生：related adj. 相关的、relationship n. 关系。
高考真题
①2025·全国甲卷（语法填空）
The study focuses on how diet ________ (relate) to mental health.
②2024·新高考II卷（完形填空）
The story is easy to relate .
精选练习题
①Air pollution is closely ________ (relate) to the overuse of fossil fuels.
②I can ________ (relate to) his feelings of loneliness.
4. regard...as... 把……看作……
核心精要：被动式be regarded as（被看作）；易混短语：with regard to（关于）、regardless of（不管，不顾）。
高考真题
①2023·新课标II卷（语法填空）
Tea is regarded ________ a symbol of Chinese culture.
精选练习题
①Confucius is widely ________ (regard as) one of the greatest thinkers.
②________ (with regard to) your question, I will reply tomorrow.
第三部分 核心语法点
一、过去分词作状语
用法类型 核心规则（逻辑关系） 高考真题示例 易错提醒
原因状语 主语与分词为被动关系，可还原为“Because主语+be+过去分词” 2024·浙江卷：Shocked by the news, she burst into tears. （因被消息震惊，她哭了） 不可用现在分词，避免逻辑关系错误
让步状语 主语与分词为被动关系，可加though/although 2023·全国甲卷：Buried in work, he still spent time with his family. （尽管忙于工作，他仍陪家人） 可省略“主语+be”，如Though injured, he continued working
伴随状语 表主语的状态，与谓语动作同时发生 2025·全国乙卷：The city, destroyed by the earthquake, is being rebuilt. （被地震摧毁的城市正在重建） 区别于定语：状语修饰整个句子，定语修饰名词
精选练习题
①________ (Injure) in the accident, he was sent to hospital.
②________ (See) from the top, the city looks beautiful.
二、定语从句（关系副词与“介词+关系代词”）
语法内容 核心规则 高考真题示例 解题技巧
关系副词（when Where why） when：先行词为时间名词，从句缺时间状语；where：先行词为地点/抽象地点（situation/case），缺地点状语；why：先行词为reason，缺原因状语 ①2025·全国甲卷：The studio ________ young artists practice has become a landmark. 答案：where/in which ②2024·新高考I卷：I remember the year ________ I joined the camp. 答案：when/in which 从句缺状语用关系副词，缺主语/宾语用关系代词
介词+关系代词 指人用whom，指物用which；介词依据：动词搭配、形容词搭配、先行词搭配、句意 ①2025·全国乙卷：The library has books, some ________ are about environment. 答案：of which ②2023·新课标II卷：The professor ________ we learned a lot passed away. 答案：from whom 介词不可后置，不可用that代替whom/which
三、特殊句型
句型类型 核心规则 高考真题示例 易错点
the+比较级..., the+比较级...（越……越……） 前半部分表条件（一般现在时），后半部分表结果（一般将来时）；比较级可为形容词/副词 2024·全国乙卷：The ________ (many) people protect the environment, the ________ (good) our planet will be. 答案：more; better 多音节形容词比较级加more，如the more careful, the fewer mistakes
no matter+疑问词（让步状语从句） no matter who/what/when/how，仅引导让步状语；同义：疑问词+-ever（可引导名词性从句） ①2025·全国甲卷：No matter ________ difficult it is, keep trying. 答案：how ②2024·新高考II卷：________ (wherever) he goes, he brings a book. 答案：Wherever 从句主语与主句一致且含be时可省略，如No matter how tired, he exercises
第四部分 二轮复习应试技巧
1. 词汇得分：优先掌握“动词→名词/形容词”派生（如destroy→destruction，appreciate→appreciation），高考语法填空70%词性转换集中于此。 2. 词组辨析：区分“动作vs状态”词组（如come to an end<动作> vs at an end<状态>）、“主动vs被动”词组（如refer to<主动> vs be referred to<被动>），结合真题语境强化差异。 3. 语法应用：定语从句先找先行词，缺状语用关系副词，介词+关系代词需找准介词依据；过去分词作状语先判断“主语与分词逻辑关系”，被动用过去分词，主动用现在分词。

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