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必修一 Unit 5 课时三 Grammar 定语从句之--关系副词
语法感悟
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.
There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.
People in modem times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
①⑦⑧三个句子中，定语从句的引导词是which，which在从句中做______语。
②④⑤三个句子中，定语从句的引导词分别是_________，_________, ______。分别修饰先行词________, __________,__________。定语从句中（缺/不缺）主语宾语。
③⑥两个句子中，定语从句中（缺/不缺）主语宾语，使用“介词+which”结构相当于一个关系_____ 词。
主 2. why, when, where, reasons, time, country 不缺 3. 副
语法精讲--定语从句之关系副词
语法回顾：
定语从句概念：定语从句即指在主从复合句用作定语的从句，通常修饰_____词或______词，对它进行限制、描绘和说明。受定语从句修饰的词语叫_______词，引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。
关系词按其性质又分关系_________和关系_______。关系代词主要有________/ ________/________/ ________/ ________/________等，其中_______/_______只用于指人，_______/_______只用于指事物，__________既可于指人也可用于指物，它们在定语从句可用作_______、________或表语；
使用whose时，常常表示whose之后的名词和先行词之间有 ___________关系。（口诀：Whose前后名，后名属前名）。Whose既可以指人，也可以指物。
名， 代， 先行词 2. 代词，副词， who/ whom/that/ which/ whose/ as, who/ whom, as/which, that , 主语， 宾语 3. 所属
关系副词
关系副词主要有when,where和why，其中when表示时间，where表地点，why表原因，它们在定语从句中均用作状语，即关系副词引导的是不缺主语或宾语的完整的句子（主+及物动词+宾，主+系+表，主+不及物动词，主+及物动词+sb+sth. 主+及物动词+宾+宾补，there be 句型， 包含主语的被动句等。）。
例如：
It was a time when girls had no rights to go to school.(主+及物动词+宾)
I often think of the years when I was a college student.(主+系+表)
We visited the factory where we worked for ten years.(主+不及物动词)
This is the reason why we made him monitor of the class.(主+及物动词+宾+宾补)
This is the reason why we didn’t tell him the truth.(主+及物动词+sb+sth)
Late in the afternoon, we arrived at a village where there were many old but beautiful houses.(there be 句型)
Jane will never forget the day when her lost son was found. (包含主语的被动句)
考点一 关系代词和关系副词的选用
关系词的使用，不能只看先行词表示地点就用where，表示时间就用when, 表示原因就用why，而是看关系词之后的从句是否缺主语或宾语。
比较以下句子：
Do you remember the day __________we visited the Great Wall
Do you remember the day __________ we spent together in that village
Qingdao is a city __________ lies on the east coast of our country.
Qingdao is a city __________you can drink beer and eat fresh seafood to your heart content.
Is this the reason __________ he was late for work
Is this the reason __________ he explained at the meeting
1)when, 2)that/which 3)that/which, 4)where 5)why, 6)that/which
考点二 介词+关系代词
It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.
这两个句子中，我们可以看到关系词后面都是完整的不缺主宾的句子。
问题1. ： 为什么明明从句不缺主宾，仍然使用关系代词which？
解答： _______________________________________________________________
介词+关系代词，相当于一个关系副词。
when at/in/on/during which　
where in/at/to/on which
why for which
They come to a square where/____ which many people were dancing.
Do you remember the year when /_____ which he was born
It is raining heavily outside,and this is the reason why/ _____ which I am as wet as a drowned rat.
on 2) in 3) for
问题2：介词如何选定（一名二动三逻辑）
解答：介词+关系代词结构中，介词可以根据以下三个方面考虑：
介词与先行词的搭配
定语从句中谓语动词和先行词的搭配
看整个句子的逻辑
例如：
The village in which they spent there childhood has become beyond recognition.(一名)
In the strange city I couldn’t find a person to whom I can turn for help.（二动）
He graduated from college in 2020, after which he found a job in Tianjin.（三逻辑）
即学即练：
Whether students should take cellphones to school is a topic ______ which parents often talk.
For the last time, he took a look at the house _____ which he grew up.
I stayed in London for three years, _________ which I learned to be independent.
about 2) in 3) during
课后小练
A great person is someone ____________ devotes his/ her life to helping others.
The time ________ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to _______　I went for advice.
He was generous with his time, for _______ I was grateful.
The school __________________　I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.
However, this was a time ________ one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
The day _____________ Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.
“……, until today we have reached a stage _____ we have almost no rights at all.”
They could not get the jobs __________ they wanted.
The parts of town _______________ they had to live were decided by white people.
The places outside the towns ______________ they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.
We were put into a position __________________ we had either to accept we were less important; or fight the government.
We first broke the law in a way __________ was peaceful.
It was a prison _______ which no one escaped.
Mr. Mandela began a school for those of us ___________ had little learning.
He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evening _______ we should have been asleep.
We read books under our blankets and used anything __________ we could find to make candles to see the words.
I remembered the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends ______________ had died.
（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
（2023全国甲卷）There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,
（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
1）who 2)when 3) whom 4)which 5)where 6) when 7)when 8) where
9) that/which 10) where 11) where 12) where 13) that/which 14) from 15)who
16) when 17) that 18) who 19) as 20) where 21) that 22) who必修一 Unit 5 课时三 Grammar 定语从句之--关系副词
语法感悟
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.
There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.
People in modem times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
①⑦⑧三个句子中，定语从句的引导词是which，which在从句中做______语。
②④⑤三个句子中，定语从句的引导词分别是_________，_________, ______。分别修饰先行词________, __________,__________。定语从句中（缺/不缺）主语宾语。
③⑥两个句子中，定语从句中（缺/不缺）主语宾语，使用“介词+which”结构相当于一个关系_____ 词。
语法精讲--定语从句之关系副词
语法回顾：
定语从句概念：定语从句即指在主从复合句用作定语的从句，通常修饰_____词或______词，对它进行限制、描绘和说明。受定语从句修饰的词语叫_______词，引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。
关系词按其性质又分关系_________和关系_______。关系代词主要有________/ ________/________/ ________/ ________/________等，其中_______/_______只用于指人，_______/_______只用于指事物，__________既可于指人也可用于指物，它们在定语从句可用作_______、________或表语；
使用whose时，常常表示whose之后的名词和先行词之间有 ___________关系。（口诀：Whose前后名，后名属前名）。Whose既可以指人，也可以指物。
关系副词
关系副词主要有when,where和why，其中when表示时间，where表地点，why表原因，它们在定语从句中均用作状语，即关系副词引导的是不缺主语或宾语的完整的句子（主+及物动词+宾，主+系+表，主+不及物动词，主+及物动词+sb+sth. 主+及物动词+宾+宾补，there be 句型， 包含主语的被动句等。）。
例如：
It was a time when girls had no rights to go to school.(主+及物动词+宾)
I often think of the years when I was a college student.(主+系+表)
We visited the factory where we worked for ten years.(主+不及物动词)
This is the reason why we made him monitor of the class.(主+及物动词+宾+宾补)
This is the reason why we didn’t tell him the truth.(主+及物动词+sb+sth)
Late in the afternoon, we arrived at a village where there were many old but beautiful houses.(there be 句型)
Jane will never forget the day when her lost son was found. (包含主语的被动句)
考点一 关系代词和关系副词的选用
关系词的使用，不能只看先行词表示地点就用where，表示时间就用when, 表示原因就用why，而是看关系词之后的从句是否缺主语或宾语。
比较以下句子：
Do you remember the day __________we visited the Great Wall
Do you remember the day __________ we spent together in that village
Qingdao is a city __________ lies on the east coast of our country.
Qingdao is a city __________you can drink beer and eat fresh seafood to your heart content.
Is this the reason __________ he was late for work
Is this the reason __________ he explained at the meeting
考点二 介词+关系代词
It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.
这两个句子中，我们可以看到关系词后面都是完整的不缺主宾的句子。
问题1. ： 为什么明明从句不缺主宾，仍然使用关系代词which？
解答： _______________________________________________________________
介词+关系代词，相当于一个关系副词。
when at/in/on/during which　
where in/at/to/on which
why for which
They come to a square where/____ which many people were dancing.
Do you remember the year when /_____ which he was born
It is raining heavily outside,and this is the reason why/ _____ which I am as wet as a drowned rat.
问题2：介词如何选定（一名二动三逻辑）
解答：介词+关系代词结构中，介词可以根据以下三个方面考虑：
介词与先行词的搭配
定语从句中谓语动词和先行词的搭配
看整个句子的逻辑
例如：
The village in which they spent there childhood has become beyond recognition.(一名)
In the strange city I couldn’t find a person to whom I can turn for help.（二动）
He graduated from college in 2020, after which he found a job in Tianjin.（三逻辑）
即学即练：
Whether students should take cellphones to school is a topic ______ which parents often talk.
For the last time, he took a look at the house _____ which he grew up.
I stayed in London for three years, _________ which I learned to be independent.
课后小练
A great person is someone ____________ devotes his/ her life to helping others.
The time ________ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to _______　I went for advice.
He was generous with his time, for _______ I was grateful.
The school __________________　I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.
However, this was a time ________ one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
The day _____________ Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.
“……, until today we have reached a stage _____ we have almost no rights at all.”
They could not get the jobs __________ they wanted.
The parts of town _______________ they had to live were decided by white people.
The places outside the towns ______________ they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.
We were put into a position __________________ we had either to accept we were less important; or fight the government.
We first broke the law in a way __________ was peaceful.
It was a prison _______ which no one escaped.
Mr. Mandela began a school for those of us ___________ had little learning.
He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evening _______ we should have been asleep.
We read books under our blankets and used anything __________ we could find to make candles to see the words.
I remembered the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends ______________ had died.
（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
（2023全国甲卷）There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,
（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.

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