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Unit 2 知识点总结
一、重点词汇拓展（Key Words）
1. mean v. 打算；意思是→meaning n.意思→meaningful adj. 有意义的→meaningless adj. 没有意义的
2. husband n. 丈夫→对应词： wife n. 妻子
3. really adv. 真正地；非常；确实→real adj. 真正的
4. activity n. 活动→ pl. activities
5. funny adj. 好笑的，奇怪的→fun n. 乐趣 →have fun =have a good time 玩的开心
→have a lot of fun 有许多乐趣
6. laugh v. 笑；发笑 →laugh at sb 嘲笑某人→laughter n. 笑声
7. different adj.不同的→difference n. 不同 →make a difference to 对..有影响
二、重点短语（Key phrases）
mean to do sth打算做…
talk about 谈论
the meaning of ……的意义
listen to 听…
bring…to… 带……来……
ping-pong bats 乒乓球拍
play ping-pong 打乒乓球
fishing rods 鱼竿
spend time doing sth =spend time on sth
花费时间做…
a lot of = lots of+c.s\u. 许多
like to do \ doing sth 喜欢做某事
in the playground 在操场
make sb do sth 让某人做……
make us laugh 让我们大笑
make sb +adj. 让sb处于某种状态
make us happy 让我们开心
long brown hair 长棕色头发
each other 互相，彼此
help each other 互相帮助
be from=come from 来自
the girl with the pink hat 戴着粉色帽子的女孩
on the left 在左边 on the right 在右边
in the middle 在中间
all of us 我们所有人
the same as 和……一样
take turns 轮流
go hiking 去远足
every week 每周 every day 每天
every month 每月 every year 每年
next to 紧挨着
family tree 家谱，族谱
a bit = a little \ a little bit 一点（修饰形容词）
重点句子（Key sentences）
What is your family like 你的家庭是什么样的？
Whose fishing rods are they 这些钓鱼竿是谁的？
Whose piano is this 这架钢琴师谁的？
who （pron.）“谁的" 主格→whom 宾格→whose 所有格
The book is Tom’s.（对划线部分提问）
Whose book is this = Who does this book belong to 这书是谁的？
What does family mean to you 家庭对你来说意味着什么？
mean to do sth打算做…
what does/do .. mean = what's the meaning of.. …..的意思是…？
What does this word mean =What's the meaning of this word 这个单词是什么意思？
He spends a lot of/ lots of time fishing. 他花了很多时间钓鱼。
Do you often play ping-pong together 你们经常一起打乒乓球吗？
My mother can play the piano well. 我妈妈能弹钢琴弹的很好。
I play the violin really well. 我拉小提琴真的很好。
We are good players and we play ping-pong well.我们是好的运动员并且我们打乒乓球打得好。
①well作副词，意为“好地；令人满意地”，修饰动词，表示某一动作做得好。
②good是形容词，修饰名词或做表语。
She is short, and she has long brown hair. 她很矮，留着棕色长发。
I'm not tall or short. 我既不高也不矮。
How many people are there in your family？你的家里有多少口人？
Here's a photo of us. 这是我们的一张照片。
I'm the one with the pink hat. 我就是那个戴着粉色帽子的人。
（1）with介词，此处意为＂和，同，跟＂I want to go shopping with my sister. 我想和我妹妹一起逛街。
（2）具有，带有 We’d like a large house with a garden. 我们想要带花园的一座大房子。
（3）以（手段、材料），用（工具） You can write with a pen. 你可以用笔写字。
They often say I'm their favourite grandchild, but I think they say the same thing to all of us!
他们经常说我是他们最喜欢的孙子，但我认为他们对我们所有人都说了同样的话！
Lily thinks she is her grandparents' favourite grandchild. Lily认为她是她祖父母最喜欢的孙子。
This is Ella and Emma's classroom. （教室共同拥有，在最后加’） 这是埃拉和埃玛的教室。
My dad's favourite sport is football. 我爸爸最喜爱的运动是足球。
What do you think of your family How do you like your family 你觉得家庭怎么样？
（“What +be 动词+sb/sth +like？”句型表示“某人或某事是什么样子？”常用来询问某人的外貌或性格，或某事的特点）
四、重点词句讲解
1、He spends a lot of/ lots of time fishing. 他花了很多时间钓鱼。
辨析spend，take，cost，pay
动词 词义 主语 句型
take 花时间 事情 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。
cost 花钱 物 sth. cost(s) sb. some money 某物花了某人多少钱
pay 付费 人 sb. pay(s) some money for sth. 某人为某物支付多少钱 pay for sb.“替某人付款。
spend 花（时间/钱） 人 sb. spend(s) time/money on sth. 某人在某物上花了多少钱/时间 sb. spend(s) time/money （in） doing sth. 某人花时间/钱做某事
例句：I spent three hours on this math problem.这道数学题花了我三小时。（spent是spend的过去式）
I spent three hours in working out this math problem.
It took me ten minutes to reach the station.我花了十分钟到车站。
2. I also like playing tennis. 我也喜欢打网球。
【辨析】 too,also,either
too 常用于肯定句 位于句末，其前常加逗号
also 常用于肯定句 位于句中，助动词、连系动词be或情态动词之后，实义动词之前
either 常用于否定句 位于句末，其前常加逗号
例如： Lucy likes red. I like red, too.
They also went to the movies yesterday.
If he doesn’t go, I won’t, either.
also, too与either的用法 also句中too句末，句中位置要分清。 also语气比too重，都是用来表肯定。 如果想要表否定，either句未来跟定。
【助记】
用also,too,either填空
He is good at English. He is _______ good at Chinese.
He studies hard and I study hard,_______.
I can’t speak English and Jenny can’t speak English ,________.
四、重点语法
(一)名词所有格
定义：名词所有格表示所属关系，表示“…的”
构成：’s\ of
1、有生命
（1）单数名词；加's Tom’s pen
（2）复数名词词尾不以s结尾加’s， Children’s Day 儿童节
以s结尾加’ 双胞胎的妈妈 the twins’ mother 教师节 Teachers’ Day
注：以s结尾的人名的所有格构成在其后加’或加's，如James’或James’s
（3）各自拥有各自加，共同拥有最后加
Lucy and Lily's teacher（共有一个老师）
Lucy's and lily's teachers（不是同一个老师）
2、无生命
与介词of构成短语，来表示所有关系 a map of China 一张中国地图
（二）一般现在时
一般现在时表达经常性或习惯性的动作或表示现在的状态。
1、结构：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式（+其他）.
2、句型转换：
变否定句：在谓语动词前加don’t\ doesn't
I don't go to school on Saturday.
变一般疑问句：在主语前加Do/Does。结构为“助动词 Do/Does+主语＋动词原形（+其他）？”
肯定回答；Yes，主语+do/does. 否定回答：No，主语+don't/doesn't.
例：——Do you like playing basketball ——Yes, I do. 你喜欢打篮球吗？是的，我喜欢。
——Do they go to school on Saturday ——No, they don't. 他们星期六上学吗？不，他们不上。
3、行为动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则
（1）一般直接在词尾加-S，如read-reads.
（2）以s、x、ch、sh结尾的动词在词尾加-es，如teach一teaches.
（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es，如fly-flies.
练习：
We have a nice school. （改为否定句） We ________ ________ a nice school.
2．My sister has a small sports collection. （改为一般疑问句）
_________ __________ ________ ________ a small sports collection
3．Ann and Jenny have a brother. (改为一般疑问句) ________ Ann and Jenny ________ a brother
（三） 物主代词
物主代词用来表示人或物的所有关系，可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
人称 主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词
第一人称 I me 我的 my mine
we us 我们的 our ours
第二人称 you you 你的 your yours
you you 你们的 your yours
第三人称 he him 他的 his his
she her 她的 her hers
it it 它的 its its
they them 他们的/她们的/ 它们的 their theirs
1.形容词性物主代词的用法
形容词性物主代词放在名词前面，起修饰作用，表示该名词所表示的人或物是谁的或属于谁的。
例如： My book is on the table. Your pen is blue.
2. 名词性物主代词的用法
名词性物主代词起名词的作用，用来指代前面出现过的事物，避免重复。
①位置: 名词性物主代词通常不与名词一起使用。
例如：My book is on the table. Yours is on the chair. 我的书在桌子上。你的在椅子上。
②用法：名词性物主代词可以用来代替“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”的形式，例如：
例如： My book is on the table. Yours is on the chair. = My book is on the table. Your book is on the chair.
③指代范围:
名词性物主代词的指代范围必须是前面出现过的事物，否则会造成理解上的混淆。
物主代词使用规则：* 有名（词）则形（物代）， 无名（词）则名（物代）。
This is _______(my) book.
That red jacket isn’t________(she).
These friends are________(he).
May I use _____ (you) bike _____(I) is broken（坏了）.
This is not her schoolbag, ________ (she) is red.
6．—Are these _____ (you) pens —Yes, they are _________ (our).
7．—Are these ________ (they) bags
—No, they aren’t ________(their). They are ________ (we).
五、作文积累
1、本单元的话题是：根据照片或者家谱介绍自己的家庭
2、假如你是红星中学胡晓，请根据下面提供的信息写一篇短文题目“My Family Photo”，介绍你的家人。
范文（1）
My Family Photo
I have a special family photo that I want to share with you.
In this photo, there are four people: my dad, my mom, my sister, and me. My dad has short hair and a friendly smile. He loves to read books and tell us stories. My mom has long hair and a kind face. She likes to cook delicious food for us. My sister is very cute with big eyes. She loves to play with her toys. I am the tallest in the photo. I like to play sports and help my parents.
We all look very happy in this photo. I think my family is the most important thing in my life.
范文（2）
My Family Photo
I have a wonderful family photo that I really like.
There are my parents, my little brother, and me in the picture. My dad has a big nose and he always jokes around. He enjoys watching movies with us. My mom has curly hair and she's very smart. She helps me with my homework. My little brother is so funny. He likes to make faces and laugh a lot. I have straight hair and I'm good at drawing. We all wear smiles in this photo.
I feel very lucky to have such a great family. They make my life full of joy.

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