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Unit 8 Let’s celebrate!单词、语法、句子讲解
一、单词精讲 1. sound /sa nd/ adj. 健康的，无损伤的 2. safe and sound /se f nd sa nd/ 安然无恙 sound作系动词，意为“听起来”；作名词，意为“声音” soundless作形容词，意为“无声的，寂静的”；soundness作名词，意为“健康，稳固” sound like 听起来好像 Andrew sounds like a good friend. Sounds great! Whales make loud sounds. 【练一练】 1. People should say “stay _________ and sound” instead of “Happy Dragon Boat Festival”. A. safe B. safely C. more safely D. safer 【答案】A 2. Her voice ________ sweet. It ________ a bird singing. A. sound, sounds like B. sounds like, sounds C. sounds, sounds like D. sound like, sound 【答案】C 3. —Let’s play ping-pong. — ________. A. That sounds nice B. No, I don’t C. OK! It’s boring D. Fine, thanks 【答案】A 4. The music sounds _______ in this concert hall. I enjoy every minute of the show! A. terrible B. terribly C. beautiful D. beautifully 【答案】C 5. —Why not go out for dinner My ________ this time. —________ great. But I’m busy with my homework. A. treat, Sound B. treat, Sounds C. luck, Sound D. luck, Sounds 【答案】B 3. emergency / 'm d nsi/ n. 紧急情况 4. situation / s t u e n/ n. 情况 An emergency is a sudden, serious and dangerous event or situation. emergent作形容词，意为“紧急的” in an emergency/in emergencies 在紧急情况下 in the face of an emergency/face an emergency 面对紧急情况 【练一练】 1. The patient with severe trauma needs to be treated ________.(emergency) 【答案】emergently 2. The teacher is teaching students how they will deal with ________ problems. (emergency) 【答案】emergent 3. The program aims to teach children how to protect themselves in ________.(emergency) 【答案】emergencies 4. 中国的人口结构正面临一种严峻的形势。 The population structure in China __________________________________. 【答案】is facing a serious situation 5. 面对全球经济衰退，各国正在共同努力改善这种状况。 In the face of the global economic downturn, countries are working together _________________________. 【答案】to improve the situation 5. lightning /'la tn / n. 闪电 6. office /' fis/ n. 办公室，办公楼 7. homeless /'h ml s/ adj. 无家可归的 Earthquake makes thousands of people homeless. the homeless 指无家可归的一类人，相当于homeless people homeless是由名词home加后缀-less构成的，后缀-less 意为“没有的”，常加在名词后面构成形容词。 use (用处) → ________________ (无用的) hope (希望) →________________ (没有希望的) care (当心) → ________________ (粗心的；马虎的) 答案： useless hopeless careless 【练一练】 1. Julia is a cat lover. She often gives food and water to ________ (无家可归的) cats nearby. 2. The storm caused flood. Thousands of people were _______. (home) 答案：1.homeless 2.homeless 8. coach /k t / n. 长途汽车 还可作名词，意为“教练” 9. road /r d/ n. 道路 10. accident /' ks d nt/ n. 事故 by accident意外的 11. typhoon /ta ' fu:n/ n. 台风 12. state /ste t/ n. 状态，情况 13. fireman / fa m n/ n. 消防员 14. traffic /'tr fik/ n. 交通 traffic lights交通灯 a traffic sign交通标志 heavy traffic交通拥堵 15. terrible /'ter bl/ adj. 可怕的 terribly作副词，意为“可怕地，糟糕地” 16. slight /sla t/ adj. 轻微的 17. shake / e k/ n./v. 摇动 (过去式shook 过去分词shaken) At first, I felt a slight shake. shake hands (with sb.) (与某人)握手 shake one’s head 摇头 【练一练】 1. 主人伸出他的手一个一个和他的客人握手。 The host held out his hand and ____________________________________. 【答案】shook hands with his guests one by one 2. 当他被告知这个坏消息时，他悲伤地摇摇头，看起来很悲伤。 ____________________________ and looked sad when he was told the bad news. 【答案】He shook his head sadly 18. thunder /'θ nd r/ n. 雷声 19. bomb /b m/ n. 炸弹 20. shout / a t/ v./n. 呼喊，喊叫 21. fear /fi (r)/ v./n. 恐惧，害怕 22. in fear 恐惧地，害怕地 People shouted in fear. fearful作形容词，意为“害怕的，担心的”，fearless作形容词，意为“无畏的，大胆的” fearlessly adv.无畏地，大胆地 in fear 恐惧的，害怕的 in fear of ... 害怕… Mice fears cats. 【拓展】 in+名词：表示处于某种状态中 in danger处于危险中；in trouble处于麻烦中； in surpise惊奇地，惊讶地 out of+名词：表示脱离/摆脱某种状态 out of danger脱离危险；out of trouble摆脱麻烦 shout at sb. 朝某人大喊大叫(<生气，非善意的>吼叫) shout to sb. 朝某人大声叫喊(无感彩) shout for help 大声呼救 【练一练】 1. At that age, students would do as they are told and act ________.(fear) 【答案】fearlessly 2. The film The Sacrifice reflected the heroism of our ________ and admirable soldiers. (fear) 【答案】fearless 3. Lily is ________ of big dogs, so she always walks around when she sees one. (fear) 【答案】fearful 4. My mother shouted ________ me angrily, “It’s time to go to bed and don’t watch TV.” A. to B. of C. in D. at 【答案】D 5. —Listen! There is an old man shouting ________ help. —Let’s go and help him right away. A. at B. to C. for D. with 【答案】C 6. We can’t ________ others, but we must ________ the old to make them hear us. A. shout to, shout at B. shout at, shout to C. shout to, shout to D. shout at, shout at 【答案】B 23. direction /d 'rek n; da 'rek n/ n. 方向 24. in all directions / n l d 'rek nz/ 四处，到处 25. brick /br k/ n. 砖 Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were raining down. direct作动词，意为“指导，导演”，它的名词形式是director，意为“导演”；作形容词，意为“直接的”，反义词是indirect，意为“间接的” in every direction 各个方向 in different directions 不同方向 rain down如雨点般落下 Tears were raining down her face.她泪如雨下/她泪流满面。 【练一练】 1. —What do you think of the film Nazha2 ________ by Jiaozi (direct) —Excellent. My parents and I have seen it twice. 【答案】directed 2. —One can only make progress when he thinks big and steps forward when he looks far. —I couldn’t agree more. But he must be on the right ________. (direct) 【答案】direction 3. Using words like “please” and “Excuse me” can make our requests more ________ and more acceptable. (direct) 【答案】direct 4. It will sound much more polite to ask people in an ________ way. 【答案】indirect 5. 洪水淹没村庄时，人们惊恐地尖叫着向四面八方跑去。 When the flood was washing away the village, people screamed ____________________________. 【答案】 in fear and ran in all directions 26. silent /'sa l nt/ adj. 安静的 silence作名词，意为“安静，寂静” 27. if / f/ conj. 是否 近义词是whether if还可意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，遵循“主讲从现”原则 28. nervous / n v s/ adj. 焦虑的；胆怯的 29. beat /bi t/ v. 打；敲打（过去式beat 过去分词beaten） I felt nervous, and my heart was beating really fast. (1)指心脏等有规律作响或跳动； (2)指雨、风沙等敲打门、窗户等，或者用手敲打身体的某个部位； (3)指在比赛中打败某人取得胜利。 The rainstorm beat against the windows hard. 【练一练】 1.The drummer ________ (beat) the drums loudly and created an exciting rhythm. 2.The heavy rain kept ________ (敲打) against the window. beat beating 30. say to oneself 暗想，自言自语 【拓展】oneself固定搭配 enjoy oneself=__________________ by oneself=__________________ 31. calm /kɑ m/ v. （使）平静 32. calm down （使）平静 33. since /s ns/ conj. 因为，既然 since还可意为“自从…以来” 34. weak /wi:k/ adj. 虚弱的 35. voice /v s/ n. 嗓音，说话声，唱歌声 “Help! Please help! I’m here!” I cried out in a weak voice. weaken作动词，意为“变弱” ，weakness作名词，意为“弱点” be weak in ... 在…方面弱，不擅长… (反义词：be good at/do well in) voiceless作形容词，意为“无声的，沉默的，失语的” 【sound, voice& noise的区别】 sound意为“声音”，泛指人能听到的任何声音 voice意为“嗓音”，指人说话、唱歌或笑的声音，也可以指鸟叫声 noise意为“噪声”，“喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声 Light travels much faster than sound. The girl has a beautiful voice. The bird has such a sweet voice. The boy didn’t sleep well last night because of the noise from the factory. 【练一练】 1. Through thinking, we can find out problems and ________ in our learning and improve the efficiency(效率) and quality of our studies. (weak) 【答案】weaknesses 2. He had a terrible sore throat and remained ________ during the English class.(voice) 【答案】voiceless 3. —Do you hear the strange ________ —No. I am listening to the beautiful ________ of my favourite singer. A. sound, noise B. noise, voice C. voice, sound D. noise, sound 【答案】B 4. — Did you hear any strange ________ when the earthquake happened —No, I was in my garden enjoying the beautiful ________ of my birds at that time. A. noise, voice B. noise, sound C. sound, noise D. sound, voice 【答案】D 36. except / k'sept/ prep. 除…之外 【拓展】易混单词 expect作动词，意为“预期，期盼” 37. smoke /sm k/ n. 烟 38. burn /b n/ v. 着火；（使）烧毁，烧伤（过去式/过去分词burned/burnt） 39. put out /put aut/ 扑灭，熄灭 They finally put out the fire. 【短语拓展】 put away 放好，收好 put down 放下，写下 put off 推迟，拖延 put on 穿上，戴上，上演；增加(体重)，发胖 put up 搭建，举起，张贴 put in 放进，安装 【练一练】 1. It’s cold in autumn. We must ________ a coat and ________ our dresses. A. put out, put in B. put in, put away C. put on, put away D. put down, put up 【答案】C 2. —It is difficult for us to find a place to place our umbrellas when it rains. —Don’t worry. Our head teacher is going to ________ a shelf at the back of the classroom. We can put the umbrellas on it then. A. put off B. put up C. put away D. put on 【答案】B 3. There ____ a number of good students in Hope Middle School and they seldom ____ today’s work till tomorrow. A. is, put away B. is, put off C. are, put away D. are, put off 【答案】D 4. —A big fire happened in a neighbourhood in Nanjing because of e-bikes. It took the firemen about two hours to ________. 15 people lost their lives. —How terrible! We must put e-bikes in the right place. A. put it out B. put it up C. put it down D. put it away 【答案】A 5. Don’t_______ the pictures on the blackboard! A. put on B. put away C. put up D. put in 【答案】C 6. What a big mess! You are supposed to ________your dirty clothes, Jimmy. A. put away B. put off C. put on D. put up 【答案】A 40. heavily /'hev li/ adv. 大量地 41. guess /ges/ v. 猜测，估计 42. hat /h t/ n. （常指带檐的）帽子 43. clear /kl (r)/ v. 清除，清理 Some people in the neighbourhood were clearing the snow from the streets. clear作形容词，意为“清晰的，晴朗的，清澈的” 44. policeman /p ' li:sm n/ n. （男）警察 45. postman /'p stm n/ n. 邮递员 46. ache /e k/ n. 疼痛 牙疼___________ 胃疼___________ 头疼___________ 47. airport /e p :t/ n. 机场 48. passport / pɑ sp t / n. 护照 49. report /r 'p :t/ v./n. 报道；汇报：传闻 Daniel is reading two online news reports about natural disasters. We will keep reporting on this developing situation. reporter作名词，意为“记者” make a report on/about ... 作关于…的报告 give a report to sb./give sb. a report 给某人作报告 repor to sb. on sth. 向某人报告/汇报某事 It is/was reported that从句 据报道… 【练一练】 1. 据报道，中国计划在2030年前将宇航员送上月球。 _____________________ China plans to send astronauts to the moon before 2030. 【答案】It’s reported that 2. “有人在敲门。是安吗？”“不可能是她。她现在正在学校做报告。” —Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Ann —It can’t be her. She _________________________________. 【答案】is making a report at school now 3. Sally一到就会给我们做报告。 Sally ________________________ as soon as she arrives. 【答案】will give us a report 50. bush fire /b fa (r)/ 山林大火 51. so far 迄今为止 52. including / n' klu:d / prep. 包括…在内 So far 34 people are dead, including three firemen. include作动词，意为“包括，包含”，included作形容词，意为“被包括的(作后置定语)” 【练一练】 1. —Do your pens ________ this one —Yes. I have five pens, ________ the red one. A. include, include B. include, including C. including, including D. including, include 【答案】B 2. Twenty people went to his house and attended his birthday party, me ________. A. including B. to include C. include D. included 【答案】D 53. sign /sa n/ n. 标牌，指示牌 54. avoid / 'v d/ v. 避免，防止 It is also helpful to place a sign around the cars to avoid another accident. avoidable作形容词，意为“可避免的”，unavoidable作形容词，意为“不可避免的” avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 【练一练】 1. Many small English mistakes are _________ if we check our homework carefully. (avoid) 【答案】avoidable 2. Rainy days are _________ in spring. (avoid) 【答案】unavoidable 3. 不是我们所有人都能避免犯错，毕竟，没有人是完美的。 All of us ________________________. After all, nobody is perfect. 【答案】can’t avoid making mistakes 55. wound /wu: nd/ n. 伤，伤口 作动词，意为“使受伤”，它的形容词形式是wounded，意为“受伤的” be wounded with…被…所伤 【练一练】 1．A witness said that the victim was wounded ________ a knife and bled ________ death ________ a result. A．by; with; for B．with; to; as C．with; for; as D．by; to; for 2．The (wound) soldiers were carried to the hospital to cure the wound immediately. B wounded 56. bleed /bli:d/ v. 流血，失血（过去式/过去分词bled） blood作名词，意为“血液” bleed to death流血而亡 57. press /pres/ v. 按，压 pressure作名词，意为“压力” 58. tidal wave /'ta dl we v/ 海啸，潮汐波 59. warn /w :n/ v. 警告，告诫 After the tidal wave passed, the police checked to see if everyone was OK and warned us to stay away from the beach for a few days. warning作名词，意为“警告” warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告/告诫某人(不要)做某事 warn sb. against doing sth. 警告/告诫某人不要做某事 【练一练】 1．Doctors warned people ________ stay outdoors for a long time in foggy weather. A．not B．don’t C．to not D．not to 2．I will warn my brother ________ the hot stove ________ he could get burned. A．to not touch; because B．touching; because of C．not to touch; because D．not touching; because of 3．Mr. Liu often warns his students (not swim) in the river. 1．D 2．C 3．not to swim 4. The government set up a ________ sign at the crossing last week.(warn) 【答案】warning 5. 政府经常警告人们注意网络安全。 The government often _________________________________ Internet safety. 【答案】warns people to pay attention to 60. disappear / d s 'p (r)/ v. 消失 appear作动词，意为“出现”，相当于show up，名词形式是appearance，意为“出现，露面，外貌” 二、语法精讲——过去进行时 （一）过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作，意为“那时正在…” 。 常用的标志词：at 2:00 yesterday，at this time yesterday，while / when，then / at that time / at that moment；when my father got home当我爸爸回到家的时候；when I passed by the playground当我经过操场的时候；while I was reading当我正在阅读的时候。 过去进行时的结构： 【注意】 有些动词通常不用于进行时，主要有: 1. 表示心理状态、情感的动词, 如love、hate、like、know等 2. 部分连系动词，如 seem、appear等 3. 感官动词，如see、hear、smell、sound、taste等 4. 短暂性动词，如 decide、stop 等 （二）when/while/as (1) when，while和as这三个词均有“当…时候”的意思。 There were already many people in the meeting room when he arrived. While Millie was watching TV, her mum was sleeping. I saw a traffic accident as I was riding to school this morning.。 (2) when和as既可以指某一点时间,也可以指某一段时间, 其引导的从句中的谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的,也可以是延续性的；while指一段时间,其引导的从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。 指一段时间时，when、while和as都可用；指某一点时间时，只能用when或as，不能用while。 (3) 当某个动作正在进行时，又发生了另一动作，我们常用过去进行时表示正在进行的长动作，用一般过去时表示短动作。此时when、while、as都可以连接主从句，构成“一般过去时+when/while/as+过去进行时”结构，过去进行时动作成为一般过去时动作发生的“背景”。这种情况下，连词when、while、as既可位于句中，也可位于句首。 It began to rain heavily when/while/as we were having dinner. (have dinner为长动作) When/While/As we were reading, a stranger came in. (read 为长动作) (4) 谈论两个同时进行的长动作(事件、情况)，常用“过去进行时+while+过去进行时”结构。while也可位于句首。 They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill. While she was making a phone call, I was writing an email. (5) 强调某个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生，常用“过去进行时+when+一般过去时”结构。 I was walking in the street when he called me. 【举一反三】 1．—Why didn’t you carry an umbrella with you —Because it ________ when I left my home. A．didn’t rain B．rained C．wasn’t raining D．was raining 2．Suzy ________ her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn’t go shopping. A．tidies B．tidied C．is tidying D．was tidying 3．—Amy, you didn’t answer my call. What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night —Sorry. I ________ TV at that time. A．watch B．watched C．was watching D．am watching 4．—Sandy, what is your plan for the coming winter holiday —Pardon I’m sorry. I ________ about something else. A．think B．thought C．am thinking D．was thinking 5．—Why didn’t you come to our party yesterday —Sorry. I ________ a football match on TV from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. and forgot the time. A．watched B．was watching C．am watching D．will watch 6．—Is everything ready for the New Year Party —I guess not. Henry and Hans ______ the room when I met them this morning. A．decorate B．decorated C．are decorating D．were decorating 7．—I called you at 7:00 yesterday evening, but nobody answered. —I’m sorry for it. My parents and I ________ in the supermarket. A．am shopping B．are shopping C．was shopping D．were shopping 8．—Tom, did you notice Jack come in —No. I ________ a football game at that time. A．watch B．watched C．was watching D．am watching 9．When I passed by the music room, Sandy _____ the song Auld Lang Syne for the coming school-leaver’s party. A．practised B．will practise C．is practising D．was practising 10．While I ________ in the supermarket with my mum yesterday evening, my sister ________ at home. A．was shopping; was reading B．shopped; read C．am shopping; is reading D．was shopping; read 11．—What will you do for the coming winter holiday —Pardon I’m sorry. I ________ about something else. A．think B．thought C．am thinking D．was thinking 12．I was walking in the street ________ someone covered my eyes from behind. A．while B．as C．before D．when 13．_________ I got home, my mother was cooking _________ my father was watching TV. A．When; while B．When; when C．While; while D．While; when 14．—Is Tom in the next room —Yes. He is playing computer games ________ his sister is drawing. A．while B．since C．if D．until 15．My mother was reading newspapers ________ my father was browsing Tiktok. A．while B．until C．as D．before 三、句子讲解 1. Flood washes away factory. wash away ... 冲走，洗掉，冲掉… wash ... away 把…冲走，洗掉，冲掉 【短语拓展】 move away 搬走，移走，迁走 run away 逃走，溜走 stay/keep away from ... 远离… They quickly moved away the bricks. We heard people shouting. They were telling us to run away from the beach. 2. Coach comes off road and hits e off 驾离，冲出，脱落 【短语拓展】 come across 偶然遇到 come along 一起来，随同 come on 快点，加油 come out 出来 come up with 想出，提出（主意、想法） 【练一练】 1. He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he_______the road at a bend. A. came over B. came across C. came along D. came off 【答案】D 2. Some people lose heart when they ________ failures while others rise to the challenge. A. come out B. come across C. come up D. come off 【答案】B 3. Some ran out of the building. I tried my best to run out too. run out of 从…跑出来；把…用光，用尽 run after 追赶，追逐，追求 run through 穿过，流过 【练一练】 1. The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never ________. A. be carried out B. be run out C. carry out D. run out 【答案】D 2. Grace bought a lot of new clothes and ______ all her money. A. run out B. run out of C. ran of D. ran out of 【答案】D 3. —Guilin is a beautiful city. —I agree with you. You can see boats go ________ the river and cars run ________ the city. A. along, cross B. cross, across C. along, across D. along, through 【答案】D 4. The river runs ________ the small city and the man can swim ________it. A. across, through B. through, through C. through, across D. across, across 【答案】C 4. Harbin woke up to a winter wonderland last week. wake up to 意识到，认识到(在具体语境中，有比较灵活的译法) wake up 醒来；叫醒，弄醒 Mom often wakes up my little brother at 7:00 a.m.=Mom often wakes my little brother up at 7:00 a.m. He hasn’t yet woken up to the seriouness of the situation. 【练一练】 1. Your uncle is sleeping. You’d better________. A. not to wake him up B. not wake him up C. not wake up him D. not to wake up him 【答案】B 2. —________, Tom! It’s time to go to school. —Oh, my god. I will be late. A. Wake up B. Make up C. Set up D. Take up 【答案】A 3. —We may feel tired if we ________ to play computer games. —You’re right. We must have a good sleep. A. get up B. wake up C. stay up D. cut up 【答案】C 4. Mary is tired now because she ________ late to finish her homework last night. Don’t ________, please. A. put up, wake up her B. stays up, wake her up C. stayed up, wake her up D. stayed up, woke her up 【答案】C

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