资源简介

定 语 从 句
【学习目标】
1.掌握定语从句的结构和关系词的基本用法，熟悉先行词和关系词的关系；
2.了解that和which引导的定语从句的区别；
3.熟练运用关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose以及关系副词why,where,when完成定语从句练习。
【知识详解】
1.定语从句的结构和作用
先比较以下两个句子：
Do you know the tall man 你认识这个高个子的男人吗
定语（形容词）
tall这个词在句子中作定语。
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother 你认识那个正在和你母亲谈话的男人吗
定语从句
who is talking with your mother 在句子中作定语，意为“……的”，它是一个句子，我们把它叫作定语从句。
定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫作先行词，引导定语从 句的词叫作关系词。
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother
先行词 关系词
2. 关系词的作用
关系词有三个作用，分别是--连接先行词和定语从句；在从句中充当一个成分，如主语、宾语 和定语等；代替先行词。
在例句中，who作为关系代词连接先行词和定语从句，并在定语从句中充当主语，指代的是 the man。
3. 常见的关系词及其用法
关系词有两类：关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that,which,who,whom,whose,等；关系副词有where,when,why等，关系副词只能作状语。
常见关系词的用法见下表：
先行词 关系词在从句 中作的成分 关系词 例句 备注
关系代词
指人 主语 who/that Do you know the man who/that is standing there 你认识站在那里的那个男人吗 作主语时，who/that不能 省略。
宾语 whom/that The boy(whom/that)she loved died in the war 她深爱的那个男孩在战争中牺牲了。 whom和that在从句中作宾 语时，常可以省略。
定语 whose The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. 父亲在国外工作的那个男孩是我同学。 whose表示所有关系，既可 以修饰人，也可以修饰物。
指物 主语 that/which A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 飞机是可以飞的机器。 作主语时，which/that不能省略。
宾语 that/which The book (that/which) I gave him was worth $10. 我给他的这本书值10美元。 which和that在从句中作宾 语时，常可以省略。
定语 whose I like those books whose topics are about history 我喜欢关于历史的书。 whose表示所有关系，既可 以修饰人，也可以修饰物。
关系副词
表时间 时间状语 when I will never forget the day when we met. 我永远忘不了我们相遇的那一天。 可用on which来代替when
表地点 地点状语 where This is the house where I was born. 这就是我出生的房子。 可用in which来代替where
表原因 原因状语 why I can't imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.我想不到他拒绝我邀请的理由。 可用for which来代替why
4. 关系词选择的注意事项
(1)只用that 的情况
①当先行词为 all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时。
He told me everything that he knew. 他把他知道的一切都告诉我了。
②当先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时。
All the books that you offered have been given out.所有你给的书都被捐出去了。
③当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最棒的电影。
④当先行词既指人又指物时。
We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.我们谈论了我们记得的人和事。
⑤当先行词被the only,the very,the right,the same 修饰时。
He is the only man that I want to see. 他是我唯一想见的人。
⑥当句中已经有 who 或 which, 为了避免重复时。
Who is the man that is making a speech 正在演讲的那个人是谁
(2)只用which,who,whom的情况
在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which 指物(不用 that),whom指人(不用who/that)。
He handed me a pen with which I wrote down my name. 他递给我一支笔，我用它写下了自己的名字。
I know the person to whom the teacher is talking.我认识正和老师谈话的那个人。
(3)当先行词为 those,one,anyone时关系词多用who。
Those who respect others are usually respected by others.尊重别人的人也会受到他人的尊重。
5.做题方法
（1）寻找先行词，辨别人与物
先行词指人时关系词常用who、whom、that,指物时关系词常用that、which。
（2）判断所缺成分，选择关系词
当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时，要想到分别采用 who(主语或宾语),that (主语或宾语),which(主语或宾语),whom (宾语),whose(定语)。
实战演练
一．用适当的关系词填空。
Do you know the man is standing under the tree
This is the present Lily gave me before.
The house he lives in is very new.
I was one of the few girls failed the exam.
This is the best movie we’ve seen.
The old man and his cat I saw yesterday did not appear again.
The first English book I read was Harry potter.
Have you found the book on I spent 19 yuan.
Is there anything I can do for you
The tallest tree is along the river is full of apples.
The room windows is open maybe the musician’s.
He did all could be done to help me.
He lost a bike cost him 200 Yuan.
I was the first boy left the classroom.
Xu Jiang prefers groups play loud music.
用所给词的适当形式填空。
Paul is a doctor who （ love） swimming.
The police told me the phone number of the man who （send） back my handbag.
I prefer movies which （be） interesting.
My friends all hate people who （be）too lazy.
Students like the teacher who （explain）things well.
They like musicians who can write （they）own lyrics.
I like （write） who are talented.
I like clothes that comfortable and unusual.
三．把下列句子改为含有定语从句的句子。
1. The man in black is their teacher.
The man black is their teacher.
The building is a middle school. It stands near the post office.
The building near the post office a middle school.
The man teaches us English. He comes from Hainan。
The man us English comes from Hainan.
The movie was very funny. We watched it yesterday.
The movie yesterday was very funny.
I need the book your sister bought it in the nearby bookstore.
I need the book your sister in the nearby bookstore
语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
第1篇
It was nine on a cold winter night. I hurried to go home from work on my motorbike.
While I was waiting for the green light, I saw an old man walking towards me. He stopped me and I felt a little nervous. The old man said 1. (slow), "Excuse me. Could you please help me " I looked at him up and down. He looked about 70 years old. He took out 10 yuan and said, "You see 2. old lady over there She is selling baked sweet potatoes. Could you just take the money and buy one from her " He pointed at an old lady 3. was selling something about fifty meters away.
"But 4. don't you buy it yourself " I was puzzled. The old man 5. (continue),"That old lady is my wife and it's her 6. (one) day to sell baked sweet potatoes. She forgot to take 7. (glove) with her and she told me there was only one sweet potato left and that she wouldn't go home until all the sweet potatoes 8. (sell) out. But I know she can't stand the cold 9. her legs hurt. I'm very worried about her."
At that time, I understood everything. I felt really warm and 10. (move) taking the money, I rode to the old lady quickly and bought the last sweet potato.
第2篇
Do you often call the restaurant for some takeaway food（外卖食物） People are so busy these days that many have no time 1. (cook). In recent years, this has become a problem. Most people still love home cooking! The food tastes 2. (good) and a family meal brings everyone warmth.In some families, meals are often the only time everyone sees one another 3. the same time.Another reason why people enjoy home cooking is that 4. is often a way to show love. A parent 5. makes some cookies is not just satisfying
6. (child) sweet teeth. He or she is sending a message. The message says, "I care about you enough to spend 7. hour making cookies that you will eat up in fifteen minutes." There is also something about the smell of home cooking. The smell of home cooking 8. (please) people of all ages. It makes most of us feel good and 9. (love), even if we are the ones doing the cooking! So next time you want to call for takeaway food, think 10. (two)!
答案：
一．用适当的关系词填空。
Do you know the man who/that is standing under the tree
This is the present that/which Lily gave me before.
The house which/that he lives in is very new.
I was one of the few girls who/that failed the exam.
This is the best(最高级修饰） movie that we’ve seen.
The old man and his cat（人和物） that I saw yesterday did not appear again.
The first（序数词） English book that I read was Harry potter.
Have you found the book on（介词） which I spent 19 yuan.
Is there anything（不定代词） that I can do for you
The tallest tree that is along the river is full of apples.
The room whose windows（和room是所属关系） is open maybe the musician’s.
He did all（不定代词） that could be done to help me.
He lost a bike that、which cost him 200 Yuan.
I was the first boy that left the classroom.
Xu Jiang prefers groups (指人且是复数） that play loud music.
用所给词的适当形式填空。
Paul is a doctor（三单） who loves （ love） swimming.
The police told（过去时态） me the phone number of the man who sent （send） back my handbag.
I prefer movies（复数） which are （be） interesting.
My friends all hate people（复数） who are （be）too lazy.
Students like the teacher（单数） who explains （explain）things well.
They like musicians who can write their （they）own lyrics（自己的歌词，名词）.
I like writers （write） who are（指人，复数） talented.
I like clothes（复数） that are （be） comfortable and unusual.
三．把下列句子改为含有定语从句的句子。
1. The man in black is their teacher.
The man black who/that wears is their teacher.
The building is a middle school. It stands near the post office.
The building that/which stands near the post office is a middle school.
The man teaches us English. He comes from Hainan。
The man who/that teaches us English comes from Hainan.
The movie was very funny. We watched it yesterday.
The movie that/which we watched yesterday was very funny.
I need the book your sister bought it in the nearby bookstore.
I need the book that/which your sister bought in the nearby bookstore
语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
第1篇
It was nine on a cold winter night. I hurried to go home from work on my motorbike.
While I was waiting for the green light, I saw an old man walking towards me. He stopped me and I felt a little nervous. The old man said 1. slowly (slow), "Excuse me. Could you please help me " I looked at him up and down. He looked about 70 years old. He took out 10 yuan and said, "You see 2. an old lady over there She is selling baked sweet potatoes. Could you just take the money and buy one from her " He pointed at an old lady
3. who/which was selling something about fifty meters away.
"But 4. why don't you buy it yourself " I was puzzled. The old man 5. continued (continue),"That old lady is my wife and it's her 6. first (one) day to sell baked sweet potatoes. She forgot to take 7. gloves (glove) with her and she told me there was only one sweet potato left and that she wouldn't go home until all the sweet potatoes 8. sold/were sold (sell) out. But I know she can't stand the cold 9. because her legs hurt. I'm very worried about her."
At that time, I understood everything. I felt really warm and 10. moved (move) taking the money, I rode to the old lady quickly and bought the last sweet potato.
第2篇
Do you often call the restaurant for some takeaway food（外卖食物） People are so busy these days that many have no time 1. to cook (cook). In recent years, this has become a problem. Most people still love home cooking! The food tastes 2. better (good) and a family meal brings everyone warmth.In some families, meals are often the only time everyone sees one another 3. at the same time.Another reason why people enjoy home cooking is that 4. it is often a way to show love. A parent 5. who/that makes some cookies is not just satisfying 6. children’s (child) sweet teeth. He or she is sending a message. The message says, "I care about you enough to spend 7. an hour making cookies that you will eat up in fifteen minutes." There is also something about the smell of home cooking. The smell of home cooking 8. pleases (please) people of all ages. It makes most of us feel good and 9. loved (love), even if we are the ones doing the cooking! So next time you want to call for takeaway food, think 10. twice (two)!

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