资源简介

Section D　Writing——诗歌评论
1．写作任务
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Andy将要参加中文诗歌朗诵比赛(recitation contest)，发邮件向你询问下面这首诗歌的含义。请你回复邮件，介绍该诗的主要内容、表达的思想感情和写作手法。
游子吟
(唐)孟郊
慈母手中线，游子身上衣。
临行密密缝，意恐迟迟归。
谁言寸草心，报得三春晖。
注意：(1)词数80左右；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Andy，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
2．写作思路(一审、二定、三明确、四分段)
(1)一审：确定写作体裁和主题
体裁：应用文——书信
主题：就诗歌《游子吟》的主要内容等进行介绍
(2)二定：确定时态和人称
时态：以一般现在时态为主
人称：以第三人称为主
(3)三明确：明确写作要点
①介绍写作背景——英国朋友Andy将要参加中文诗歌朗诵比赛，引出主题；
②介绍唐诗《游子吟》的主要内容、表达的思想感情和写作手法；
③希望能得到对方的回复。
(4)四分段：结合要点分为三个段落
3．素材整理
(1)关键词语
①参加__________________
②中文诗歌朗诵比赛 __________________
③唐朝 __________________
④描写一个场景 __________________
⑤做衣服 __________________
⑥母亲对孩子深深的爱 __________________
⑦使从事于；使忙碌于 __________________
⑧集中精力于；全神贯注于 __________________
⑨在某种程度上 __________________
⑩盼望，期待 __________________
(2)完成句子
①听说你要参加中文诗歌朗诵比赛，因此我写信给你提供一些关于这首诗的信息。
a．I know that you are going to ________________________， so I'm writing to ____________________________ about the poem to be presented.(so引导因果关系的并列句)
b.______________________________ you are going to take part in a Chinese poetry recitation contest，I'm writing to offer you some information about the poem to be presented.(现在分词短语作状语)
②这首诗是唐代著名诗人孟郊写的，主要描述了一个母亲正全身心忙着为她即将离开家的孩子做衣服的场景。(be occupied in)
____________________________ in the Tang Dynasty，Meng Jiao，this poem mainly describes a scene __________________ making clothes for her child who is about to leave home.(过去分词短语作状语；定语从句)
③通过对这一特定时刻的关注，作者将母亲的爱比作温暖无私的太阳，生动地表达了母亲对孩子深深的爱。 (concentrate on; show deep love for)
____________________________，the author vividly implies a mother's deep love for her child by comparing it to the warm and selfless sun.(by＋动名词短语作状语)
④以上就是我对这首广为流传的经典作品的了解，希望对你有所帮助。(know about; in a way)
All the above is ____________________________，which I hope will help you in a way.(表语从句；定语从句)
4．满分作文(连句成篇)
请将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、要点全面的短文。
参考范文：
Dear Andy，
Knowing that you are going to take part in a Chinese poetry recitation contest, I'm writing to offer you some information about the poem to be presented.
Written by a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, Meng Jiao, this poem mainly describes a scene where a mother is fully occupied in making clothes for her child who is about to leave home. By concentrating on this specific moment, the author vividly implies a mother's deep love for her child by comparing it to the warm and selfless sun.
All the above is what I know about the widely-read classic, which I hope will help you in a way. Looking forward to your good news!
Yours，
Li Hua
5．佳作背诵
(1)佳作一
假定你是李华，给你的美国笔友Paul写一封电子邮件，请他介绍有关英语诗歌方面的知识、写作技巧，尤其是有关韵律(rhythm)和诗歌朗读方面的注意事项。并请他帮忙修改附件(attachment)中你自己写的英文诗歌。
注意：①词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Paul，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
(2)佳作二
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter计划来北京大学学习中文。他对中国古代诗歌特别感兴趣，发电子邮件向你询问中国古代诗歌的特点。请你写一篇80词左右的邮件，向他介绍一下中国古代诗歌的特点。
内容要点：
①特别注意诗情画意；
②擅长色彩和色调的搭配；
③善于创造情景交融的意境；
④善于处理动与静、形与神、小与大的对立关系。
参考词汇：poetic and pictorial splendor诗情画意；harmonious mood情景交融的意境；dynamic and static动与静
Dear Peter，
I'm glad to hear that you will come to China for further study in Peking University.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
Section D　Writing——诗歌评论
3．(1)①take part in　②a Chinese poetry recitation contest　③Tang Dynasty　④describe a scene　⑤make clothes
⑥a mother's deep love for her child　⑦be occupied in
⑧concentrate on　⑨in a way　⑩look forward to
(2)①a.take part in a Chinese poetry recitation contest; offer you some information　b．Knowing that　②Written by a famous poet; where a mother is fully occupied in　③By concentrating on this specific moment　④what I know about the widely-read classic
5．(1)参考范文：
Dear Paul，
How are you I'm writing to ask you for help. Recently in my English class, I've learned some English poems. They interest me so much that I'm eager to know more about them. Could you introduce me some more forms of English poetry Do you have some reading and writing techniques for beginners like me In particular, I want to know something about the rhythm of English poetry and what I should pay attention to when reading aloud.
The attachment is about some poems I wrote. Could you please help me polish them I will be very grateful for your help.
Yours，
Li Hua
(2)参考范文：
Dear Peter，
I'm glad to hear that you will come to China for further study in Peking University. When it comes to ancient Chinese poetry, what I'd like to say is that there are so many characteristics in it.
It's clear that poetic and pictorial splendor is especially paid attention to in ancient Chinese poetry. Ancient poets were good at creating a harmonious mood and matching colour and tone. In addition, they were skillfully good at dealing with the opposite relationships between dynamic and static, shape and spirit, the small and the large, which attract many a reader to the poetry's beauty.
Only by personal experiences can we master the spirit of ancient Chinese poetry.
Yours，
Li HuaSection A　Welcome to the unit & Reading
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．barren adj. ____________
2．dimension n. ____________
3．____________ n. 理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及
vt. 抓紧；领会，理解
4．rhyme n. ____________
vt. ____________
vi. ____________
5．____________ adj. 复杂的，难懂的
n. 建筑群；复合体；情结
6．____________ n. 线索，提示；迹象
7．____________ vt. 把(动物)关在笼中
n. 笼子
8．____________ adv. 到旁边，在旁边；留，存；除……以外
9．____________ adj. 偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的
10．____________ adj. 内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ adj.结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的
2．________ vt. & vi.(过去式________，过去分词________)(使)冻结，(使)冻住，(使)结冰
3．________ vt.含有……的意思，暗示，暗指→________ n．含意，暗指
4．________ vt.发现，查明，侦察出→________ n．发现，侦查，察觉→________ n．警探，侦探
5．________ adj.相互矛盾的，对立的→________ vt. & vi.相矛盾，相反；反驳→________ n．矛盾，对立；反驳
6．________ vt.解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎　vi.口译→________ n．翻译；解释，诠释→________ n．口译者；表演者
7．________ n．耐心，忍耐力→________ adj.有耐心的
8．________ vt.奖励，奖赏　n．奖励，回报；悬赏金→________ adj.值得做的，有益的；报酬高的
9．________ adv.始终，一直→________ adj.持续不断的；始终如一的
10．________ adj.符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的→________ adv.逻辑上，合乎逻辑地→________ n．逻辑；思维方式
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 超出某人的理解
2．________________ 发现，搜集，查明
3．________________ 渴望
4．________________ 努力做某事，争取做某事
5．________________ 把……放一边；留出
6．________________ 充满
7．________________ 逻辑思维
8．________________ 值得某人花费力气
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．当你开始读一首诗时，尽管你可能会问“这首诗是什么意思？”， 但最好是问“它听起来如何？”。
While you may ask “What does it mean？” ____________ reading a poem, it is better to ask “How does it sound？”
2．第二，走近这首诗，好像你是一个陌生风景中的探索者。
Second, approach the poem ____________________________．
3．只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的。
____________________________________， it will have been worth your effort.
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.语篇结构
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．When you start to read a poem, you are advised to ask “____________”．
A．What does it mean
B．Who wrote it
C．How does it sound
D．How was it produced
2．When you approach the poem like an explorer，what will appear in your mind
A．The rhythm.
B．The repeated words.
C．The rhymes.
D．Images.
3．When one has difficulty understanding a poem，what should be done
A．Give up reading it.
B．Ask others for help.
C．Put it aside and read it later.
D．Read it again and again until he/she understands it.
4．Which of the following will the lecture agree with
A．Readers should fully understand the poem.
B．Readers should keep thinking logically.
C．Readers should find out its inner beauty.
D．Readers should explore the background of the lecturer.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Poetry is a 1.________ (combine) of “sound” and “sense”. If you want to reveal the hidden dimension, the following methods should 2.________ (adopt).
First, even if its true meaning appears to be 3.________ your grasp, you can always say something about how the poem sounds when you read it aloud. You can detect a rhythm, repeated words, rhymes and other special effects. Second, approach the poem as if you 4.________ (be) an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. Ask some basic questions about the poem, such as 5.________ is talking and who is being talked to and so on. Third, be 6.________ (patience) if you are struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem. Set the poem aside and come back to it later, then you can make your great discovery. Poems that 7.________ (constant) reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings are more interesting. Finally, when you abandon logical thinking, you can discover its inner beauty. It is worth 8.________ (make) efforts to perceive another level of meaning. Only in these 9.________ (way) can you enjoy your journey of the poetry, because poetry's combination of “sound” and “sense” makes you see the world in a new way and allows you 10.________ (go) beyond normal reality for the everlasting beauty.
教材助读·开放课堂
[教材原文]
How to read a poem
Poetry is a combination of① “sound” and “sense”. More than② any other type of literature, it usually implies③ a deeper meaning beyond the words on the page. So, how to reveal this hidden dimension④[1]
[1]过去分词作前置定语，修饰dimension
First, follow your ears. While you may ask “What does it mean？” as you begin reading a poem, it is better to ask “How does it sound？” Even if its true meaning appears to be beyond your grasp⑤， you can always say something about how the poem sounds when you read it aloud. Do you detect⑥ a rhythm Are there any repeated words, rhymes⑦ or other special effects All of these are good qualities to notice, and they may lead you to⑧ a better understanding of the poem in the end⑨. Read these lines to feel how they sound.
Sweet and low, sweet and low，
Wind of the western sea，
Low, low, breathe and blow，
Wind of the western sea!
Over the rolling waters go，
Come from the dying⑩ moon, and blow，
Blow him again to me；
While my little one, while my pretty one, sleeps.
(From “Sweet and Low” by Alfred Tennyson)
Second, approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. Ask some basic questions about the poem. Who is talking Who is being talked to What is being described Is there a sense of place Are there other people or objects there As you explore the poem, you will begin to see images in your mind. What are those images, and what happens when they are put together ？ This combination is often complex or even contradictory . As you slowly explore your surroundings, you will start to dig up clues that give you a greater understanding of the poem. Read these lines, pay attention to the image of the caged bird and try to find out what it means[2].
[2]what引导的从句作find out的宾语
The caged bird sings
with a fearful trill
of things unknown
but longed for still
and his tune is heard
on the distant hill
for the caged bird
sings of freedom.
(From “Caged Bird” by Maya Angelou)
Third, if you are still struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem even with much painstaking effort ， just have some patience . You cannot really understand a poem that you have only read once. Sometimes reading a poem can be a lifelong job. So if you do not get it, set the poem aside and come back to it later. As an explorer, you will not reach your goal immediately—you need to go on a journey to a remote and unknown destination. This may seem difficult at first ， but when you finally make your great discovery, your efforts will be rewarded . Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings. Read these lines and try to find out what they mean.
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though；
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
(From “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost)
Finally, remember that you do not have to fully understand a poem to appreciate it[3]. You might need to abandon logical thinking to discover its true inner beauty[4]. As long as the journey of poetry reading makes
you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning, it will have been worth your effort.
[3]副词作状语，修饰不定式时，常放在to后面
[4]不定式短语作目的状语
Poetry's combination of “sound” and “sense” makes you see the world in a new way and allows you to go beyond normal reality for the everlasting beauty. Enjoy your journey in the world of poetry！
[词汇注释]
①a combination of...
……的结合
②more than多于；超出
③imply/ m'pla /vt.含有……的意思，暗示，暗指
④dimension/da 'men n/n.
方面，侧面；规模，程度；维
⑤grasp/grɑ sp/n.理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及 vt.抓紧；领会，理解
※beyond one's grasp
无法理解
grasp at sth.
尽力抓住某物
⑥detect/d 'tekt/vt.发现，查明，侦察出
⑦rhyme/ra m/n.押韵词；押韵
vt.使押韵
vi.和……同韵
※rhyme(...) with sth.
(使……)与……押韵
⑧lead sb. to sth.引领某人……
⑨in the end
最后；终于；最终
⑩dying adj.没落的
put...together
组装……；组合……；把……放在一起
complex/'k mpleks/adj.复杂的，难懂的 n．建筑群；复合体；情结
contradictory/ k ntr 'd kt ri/adj.相互矛盾的，对立的
dig up发现，搜集，查明
clue/klu /n.线索，提示；迹象
※a clue to/about/as to...关于……的线索/提示
cage/ke d /vt.把(动物)关在笼中 n．笼子
find out找出，查明；发现
trill/tr l/n.(鸟的)啼啭；颤音
vt.欢快地高声说
vi.发颤音
long for渴望
struggle to do sth.
努力做某事
interpret/ n't pr t/vt.解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎 vi.口译
painstaking adj.需细心的；辛苦的；需专注的(通常用于名词前作定语)
with much effort
付出很大努力
patience/'pe ns/n.耐心，忍耐力
※have no/little patience with不能容忍……
with patience耐心地
lose/run out of patience (with)
(对……)失去耐心
set sth. aside把……放一边；留出
※aside/ 'sa d/adv.到旁边，在旁边；留，存；除……以外
come back to
回到……；返回……
reach one's goal
达到某人的目标
go on a journey去旅行
remote/r 'm t/adj.偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的
at first起先，首先；最初
reward/r 'w d/vt.奖励，奖赏 n．奖励，回报；悬赏金
※reward sb. for (doing) sth.因为(做)某事而奖励某人
in reward for
作为对……的报答
as a reward for
作为对……的奖赏
constantly/'k nst ntli/adv.始终，一直
logical/'l d kl/adj.符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的
inner/' n (r)/adj.内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的
perceive/p 'si v/vt.注意到，意识到；将……理解为，将……视为
※perceive sb./sth. as
将……视为……
in a(n)...way
以一种……的方式
allow sb. to do sth.
使某人能够做某事；允许某人做某事
reality/ri' l ti/n.现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历
※in reality事实上，实际上
face/accept reality
面对/接受现实
[汉语译文]
如何阅读诗歌
诗歌是“音”与“意”的融合。与其他任何文学类型相比，诗歌通常隐含着超越字面的更深层含义。那么，如何揭示隐藏的这个方面呢？
首先，凭听觉的指引。当你刚开始读一首诗时，你可能会问：“这是什么意思？”但最好问一句：“它听起来怎么样？”即使你也许把握不住这首诗的真正含义，但是当你朗读时，你总是可以说说这首诗听上去如何。你能感觉到节奏吗？有没有重复词、押韵或其他特别的效果？所有这些都是值得注意的好的特质，它们可能最终会帮助你更好地理解这首诗。朗读下面这几句诗，感受它们的音律。
轻轻地，柔和地；轻轻地，柔和地，
西边的海风，
吹过，拂过，轻轻，轻轻，
西边的海风！
来自月色朦胧，
拂过波涛汹涌，
请将他再吹向我；
当我的小宝贝，小可爱，已入梦。
(摘自阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生《轻轻地，柔和地》)
第二，走进诗歌，就像你是一个置身于陌生风景中的探索者。问自己一些关于这首诗的基本问题。说话的是谁？正在和谁说话？描述的是什么？有感觉到某个地点吗？那里还有其他人或物吗？当你探索这首诗的时候，你的脑海会开始浮现一些画面。这些画面是什么？把它们组合起来会发生什么？这种组合通常是复杂的，甚至是矛盾的。当你慢慢探索周围环境时，你会开始挖掘线索，这些线索会让你更好地理解这首诗。读下面这几句诗，注意“笼中鸟”的形象，试着弄清它意味着什么。
笼中之鸟，撕心裂肺，
啼啭啾啾
所唱是未知之物，
却依然渴求
歌声传到了
远处的山丘
因为笼中的鸟儿
在歌唱自由。
(摘自玛雅·安吉洛《笼中鸟》)
第三，如果你下了很大的功夫可还是纠结于理解一首诗的意思，那就耐心一点吧。你不可能真正理解只读过一遍的诗。有时，读懂一首诗可能是一辈子的事。所以如果你没有读懂某首诗，那就暂且先放在一边，以后再读。作为一个探索者，你不会立刻抵达你的目标——你需要踏上旅程，去一个遥远未知的目的地。这一开始可能看起来很难，但当你最终有了重大发现时，你的努力将得到回报。有些诗的深层内涵和之前未领会的意义会不断显现，相比之下，那些浅显的诗往往倒没那么有趣了。读下面这几句诗，看看是什么意思吧。
我想我知道这片林子的主人，
尽管他住在山村。
他不会见我驻足于此，
凝视着他积满白雪的树林。
(摘自罗伯特·弗罗斯特《雪夜林边小驻》)
最后请记住，欣赏一首诗，并非得完全理解它不可。你可能需要抛开逻辑思维以发现诗歌真正的内在美。只要读诗之旅能让你有所感触，或使你领悟到另一层含义，那你的努力就是值得的。
诗歌“音”与“意”的结合，让你用一种新的方式看待世界，让你超越普通的现实，追求永恒之美。在诗歌的世界里享受你的旅程吧！
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1)frozen adj.冰封的，结冰的；冷冻的；冻僵的　freeze vt. & vi.(froze, frozen)结冰；冷冻；冻结　vi.突然停止，呆住　freezing adj.极冷；冰冻的　adv.极冷地；冰冻地　n．冰点)
(1)freeze to death 冻死
be frozen to death 被冻死
be frozen with/in sth. 因某事惊呆
be frozen with/in shock 惊呆
be frozen with/in fright/horror 吓呆
frozen water 结冰的水
(2)freezing point 冰点
above/below freezing 冰点以上/以下
freezing cold 非常冷的
freezing weather 冰冻天气
freezing water 冰冷的水
Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.冷冻的香蕉可以保存几个星期，这取决于它们的成熟度和冰箱的温度。
I'm absolutely frozen！我简直冻僵了！
She stared at him, frozen with shock.她惊呆了，直瞪着他。
One boy，aged about 11，looks frozen with fright.
一个大约11岁的男孩吓得一动不动。
Fresh water freezes at 0 ℃.淡水在零摄氏度结冰。
It may freeze tonight，so bring those plants inside.
今晚可能很冷，所以把那些植物搬进来。
It's very cold today；the temperature has dropped to freezing point.今天很冷；气温已经降至冰点了。
语境助记
On a freezing cold night, the duck was frozen to death on the frozen lake.
在一个寒冷的夜晚，鸭子在冰封的湖面上冻死了。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Americans always drive to supermarkets to buy canned and ____________ (freeze) foods for the week.
②The young soldier was frozen ____________ death in the snow，with his hands still holding onto the gun.
③As he spoke，he stopped suddenly, frozen ____________ terror.
④Heilongjiang Province is located in the northeast part of China，so it's ____________ (freeze) cold in winter.
⑤On hearing the shocking news，he ____________ (freeze) at the door.
2)imply vt.含有……的意思，暗示，暗指)
(1)imply agreement/conflicts/duties/a lack of interest/happiness
意味着同意/冲突/责任/缺乏兴趣/幸福
as the name implies 顾名思义
imply by 用……暗示
imply that... 意味着
(2)implication n. 暗示，言外之意
by implication 言外之意
Their failure to reply to our letter seems to imply a lack of interest.他们没有回我们的信，似乎暗示出他们缺乏兴趣。
Familiarity does not necessarily imply deep friendship.
熟悉未必意味着深厚的友情。
Floating rate loans, as the name implies, have a variable interest rate.浮动利率贷款，顾名思义，利率是可变的。
What do you imply by that statement？你的声明暗示了什么？
Are you implying (that) I am wrong？你的意思是说我错了？
He gave a long account of his troubles; by implication, he needed financial aid.
他摆了一大堆困难，言外之意是他需要助学金。
特别提示
imply还有“说明，表明”的意思，此时相当于suggest.
The teacher's smile implied that she had forgiven me.
老师的微笑表明她已经原谅了我。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①I'm not ____________ (imply) anything about your cooking, but could we eat out tonight
②Her statement ____________ (imply) a lack of confidence in the management of the company.
③A connection between the events has been ____________ (imply) in several news reports.
④He is by ____________ (imply) requesting me to resign.
3)grasp n.理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及　vt.抓紧；领会，理解)
(1)within one's grasp 在某人能力的范围内
beyond one's grasp 某人无法理解
(2)grasp sb. by the hand/arm 抓住某人的手/手臂
grasp the basic concept of 掌握……的基本概念
grasp a chance/an opportunity 急忙抓住机会，毫不犹豫地抓住机会
grasp the opportunity/chance to do sth.
抓住机会做某事
grasp the spirit of... 掌握、领会某事的精神实质
These complex formulas are beyond the grasp of the average pupils.这复杂的公式是普通小学生不能理解的。
I've always had a good grasp of English language thanks to my mum who started me reading when I was very little.
我一直精通英语，多亏了我妈妈，在我很小的时候她就让我开始读英文。
At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.
在那时，我们没有完全明白所发生之事的重要性。
Luke took her arm in a firm grasp and led her through the gate.
＝Luke grasped her by the arm firmly and led her through the gate.
卢克紧紧地抓住她的胳膊，领她进了大门。
He grasped the handles on both sides of the box，and gathered all his strength to lift it.
他抓住箱子两边的把手，拼尽全力把它提起来。
I grasped the opportunity to return to my motherland to work.
我毫不犹豫地抓住了回祖国工作的机会。
特别提示
表示理解语言词汇或文章等时，只能用understand，不能用grasp.如：
I don't understand French/the instructions.
我不懂法语。/我看不懂这个说明书。
即学即练　判断下列句子中grasp的词性及含义/结合grasp的用法完成句子
①Color is fundamental in home design — something you'll always have in every room.A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in.____________
②Grasp my hand and I'll pull you over the wall.____________
③I think I grasped the main points of the speech.____________
④她准备好抓住一切机遇拓展业务。
She is ready to ____________ to expand the business.
⑤他们现在精通多门外语。
They ____________ many foreign languages now.
4)detect vt.发现，查明，侦察出　detective n．侦探　detectable adj.可检测的；可发觉的　detection n．侦查，探测；发现　detector n．检测器；探测器；侦察器)
(1)detect the disease 查出疾病
detect some anger in his voice 在他的声音中听出一些怒气
detect the secret 发现秘密
(2)detective fiction 侦探小说
a detective story/novel 侦探故事/小说
the detection of crime 对罪行的侦查
escape/avoid detection 逃避侦查
a smoke detector 烟雾检测器
a metal detector 金属探测器
The tests are designed to detect the disease early.
这些检查旨在早期查出疾病。
Arnold could detect a certain sadness in the old man's face.
阿诺德能察觉到老人脸上的某种悲伤。
The detective committed himself to keep the secret for the professor.侦探承诺为教授保守秘密。
To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector，one should make certain the red light is working.
为了确保烟雾探测器的安全运行，(我们)应确保红灯正常工作。
With a metal detector, the detective detected another cell phone hidden in the thief's pocket.It is obvious that the detection made the thief nervous.
侦探用金属探测器发现小偷口袋里藏着另一部手机。很明显，这个发现使小偷很紧张。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Some sounds cannot ____________ (detect) by the human ear.
②Recently，financial experts ____________ (detect) signs that the economy is beginning to improve.
③The alarm will go off automatically as soon as smoke ____________ (detect).
④She hired ____________ private detective to find out if her husband was having an affair.
⑤During the investigation，two ____________ (detect) assumed the identities of antique dealers.
⑥These tests can result in the early ____________ (detect) of the disease.
⑦Motion ____________ (detect) help monitor elderly residents who live alone.
5)contradictory adj.相互矛盾的，对立的　contradict vi.& vt.反驳；批驳；与……矛盾)
(1)self-contradictory 自相矛盾的
contradictory information 相互矛盾的信息
contradictory attitudes 互相矛盾的态度
be contradictory to 与……相矛盾
the contradictory statements 互相矛盾的陈述
contradictory advice 相互矛盾的建议
(2)contradict each other 相互矛盾
contradict oneself 自相矛盾
Don't contradict! 别顶嘴！
(3)contradiction n. 反驳；批驳；矛盾
in (direct) contradiction to... 与……相反；和……背道而驰
The two apparently contradictory opinions are within my grasp.
我能理解这两个显然相互矛盾的观点。
The statement is contradictory to information given in the passage.这个陈述与文章中所给的信息是矛盾的。
In confusion, he kept contradicting himself.
慌乱中，他不断地说出自相矛盾的话来。
His private actions are in direct contradiction to his publicly expressed opinions.他私下的行为与他公开表达的看法背道而驰。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Some recent research has come out with results that at first sight seem ____________ (contradict).
②I find no ________________ (contradict) between his publicly expressed opinions and his private actions.
③This is contradictory ____________ what you said before.
④But the information I got was rich and varied, or even ____________________________(contradict).
6)patience n.耐心，忍耐力)
have the patience to do sth. 有耐心做某事
be out of patience with... 对……失去耐性；(对某人)失去耐心
lose patience with... 对……失去耐性
require/take patience 需要耐心
with patience (＝patiently) 耐心地
(have) patience 耐心点(用于劝告别人)
have no patience for sb. 无法容忍某人
My mother is a good listener who has great patience.
我母亲是一个很有耐心且善于倾听的人。
He walked so slowly that his elder brother lost patience with him.
他走得如此慢，以至于他哥哥对他失去了耐心。
Whenever I made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out with patience.
无论我什么时候犯错，老师都耐心地指出它们。
My father is lively and energetic, but he is not very patient.
我的父亲精力充沛、充满活力，但他不是很有耐心。
The patients are taken good care of in the hospital.
病人们在医院里被照顾得很好。
She is patient with her children.
她对她的孩子们很有耐心。
归纳拓展
patient adj. 有耐心的；能忍耐的
n．病人
impatient adj. 没耐心的；不耐烦的
patiently adv. 耐心地
impatience n. 不耐烦；无耐心
搭配
be patient with对……有耐心
be impatient with对……不耐烦
The patient doctor is always treating her patients with great patience. Being impatient will cause bad results.
那位有耐心的医生总是耐心对待她的病人。没有耐心会导致不好的结果。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①You are very patient ____________ your brother.
②—Why didn't you go fishing with your friends yesterday
—Well, fishing is a hobby which calls for a great deal of ____________(patient)，which I don't have.
③Hospital ____________ (patient) who see tree branches out of their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
④I waited ____________ (patient) until the oil was hot.
⑤Wang Peng felt annoyed and ____________ (patient) when he failed to attract customers to his restaurant.
7)set sth. aside 暂时不考虑(或放一放)；留出，省出(钱或时间)把……搁到一边，把……放到一旁)
I warned them not to do it, but they just set aside my warning.
我警告过他们不要那样做，但他们不理会我的警告。
Some doctors advise setting aside a certain hour each day for exercise.一些医生每天留出一定时间来锻炼。
The bank set aside ￡1.1 billion to cover bad debts from business failures.
银行留出了11亿英镑来支付生意失败导致的坏账。
I set aside my overcoat and took out my summer clothes.
我把大衣放起来，拿出了夏天的衣服。
Setting aside the chair, he sat on the floor.
他把椅子搁到一边，坐在了地板上。
Mike set aside his documents and suggested seriously that his wife (should) set aside some money for the family，but she just set aside his suggestion.
迈克把自己的文件搁在一边，然后郑重地建议妻子为家里留一些钱，但她就是不理会他的建议。
其他常用的“动词＋aside”型短语
put aside不考虑；储存
lay aside把……放在一边；留存备用
leave aside搁置一边；不考虑
stand aside站在一边；不参与
即学即练　判断下面句子中set aside的含义/单句写作
①After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college，working to pay her tuition (学费)，because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.____________
②He liked the lovely dog so much that he set aside his book and played with it immediately.____________
③It's too stressful to try to deal with all your problems at once. Choose what's the most urgent and set aside the rest temporarily.____________
④无论多忙，我们都应该抽点时间陪陪我们的父母。
________________________________________________________________________
8)reality n.现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历)
dream and reality 梦想与现实
virtual reality 虚拟现实
make the flying car a reality 让飞行汽车成为现实
face reality 面对现实
accept reality 接受现实
escape from reality 逃避现实
in reality 实际上
turn...into reality 把……变成现实
turn our dream into reality 把我们的梦想变为现实
become a reality 实现
bring...back to reality 使……回到现实
The reality is that... 实际情况是……
When meeting with difficulties，one should face reality and try to solve the difficulties instead of escaping from reality.
当一个人遭遇困难的时候，应该面对现实，努力解决困难，而不是逃避现实。
We thought that gentleman was a professor，but in reality he was just a thief.
我们原以为那位绅士是个教授，但实际上他只不过是个小偷。
We're only a day away，and that's when expectations turn into reality or disappointment.
我们只剩一天了，到时，期待要么成真要么落空。
The reality of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon，the youth center will have to close.
实际情况是，除非我们很快找到一些新的资金，否则青年中心将不得不关闭。
We have to be realistic about our chances of winning.
我们必须实事求是地估计我们获胜的可能性。
It is not realistic to expect people to spend so much money.
期望人们花那么多的钱是不实际的。
She never realized her ambition of winning an Olympic gold medal.
她一直未能实现赢得一枚奥运会金牌的梦想。
归纳拓展
real adj.真的，真实的；真正的
realistic adj.现实的；实际的；逼真的
be realistic about...对……抱现实态度
realize vt.实现；意识到；明白
语境助记
The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, allowing for a new generation of virtual reality．
6G的速度将超过每秒125GB，使得新一代的虚拟现实技术成为可能。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Romantic novels provide an escape from ____________ (real).
②The reality is ____________ there is not enough money to pay for this project.
③He told the police he was out of town，but ____________ reality, he never went anywhere.
④Though one should have dreams, it's not ____________ (real) to exist on dreams.
⑤Let's be realistic ____________ this—I just can't afford to pay that much money for a house.
⑥Ten years later her dream ____________ (realize).
9)hold fast to sth.紧紧抓住某物；坚信某事)
hold to sth. 信奉(信念、原则等)；信守(诺言)
hold on to 紧紧抓住
hold up 支撑，举起；延迟，阻碍
hold out 伸出(手)；维持，坚持
hold on 别挂断电话；等会儿；坚持住
He held fast to his principles.他坚持自己的原则。
即学即练　完成句子
—Is Peter there？彼得在吗？
—________________， please. I'll see if I can find him for you.
请不要挂断。我看能不能帮你找到他。
10)dimension n.方面，侧面；规模，程度；维　-dimensional (构成形容词)……维的)
(1)the moral dimension of world politics 世界政治的道德方面
add a new dimension (to sth.) (给某物)增加新内容
have a spiritual dimension 拥有精神层面的内容
the fourth dimension 第四度空间；第四维
a large dimension 大规模
the dimension of the table 桌子的面积
another dimension to a problem 问题的另一方面
(2)two-dimensional space 二维空间
You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.你将无法控制这个计划的各个方面。
Most of the dolls out there are just plain happy or expressionless and that's what makes them dull and one-dimensional.
市面上的大多数玩具娃娃都只有单纯的笑脸或者面无表情，所以它们是呆板的、一维的。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①There is another dimension ________ this problem which you haven't considered.
②她的工作为她的生活增添了新的内容。
Her job ________________________________________ to her life. 第二版块|重点句型解构
1)(教材原句)While you may ask “What does it mean？” as you begin reading a poem, it is better to ask “How does it sound？”
当你刚开始读一首诗时，你可能会问：“这是什么意思？”但最好问一句：“它听起来怎么样？”)
[句式分析]　本句中as引导的是时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候；一边……一边……；随着”。as作为连词，引导从句的几种情况：
(1)引导时间状语从句：当……的时候，随着……
As she sang, tears ran down her cheeks.
她唱歌时，眼泪从脸颊流下。
As she grew older, she gained confidence.
随着年龄的增长，她的信心增强了。
As time went by (＝With time going by), I gradually forgot the unhappy memory.随着时间的流逝，我渐渐忘记了不开心的回忆。
(2)原因状语从句：因为，由于
As you were out，I left a message.
因为你不在，所以我留了一张字条儿。
She may need some help as she's new.
因为她是新来的，所以她可能需要一些帮助。
(3)让步状语从句：尽管，虽然，即使
Happy as they were，there was something missing.
尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。
Try as he might (＝However hard he tried)，he couldn't open the door.他想尽了办法也没能打开门。
Child as he is，he knows three foreign languages.
尽管他是个孩子，但他懂三种外语。
Much as I like it，I won't buy it，for it's too expensive.
虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。
(4)方式状语从句：照……的方式
They did as I had asked.他们是按照我的要求做的。
Leave the papers as they are.别去动那些文件。
(5)比较状语从句：as...as...跟……一样……；not as/so...as...不如……
Lucy is as beautiful a girl as Alice.露西跟爱丽丝是一样漂亮的女孩。
(6)定语从句：正如，如同，这一点
As you know，Julia is leaving soon.你是知道的，朱莉娅马上要离开了。
语境助记
①She's very tall, as is her mother．
她个子很高，和她母亲一样。
②I don't think he's been watering these plants—the soil is as dry as a bone.
我想他没有给这些植物浇水——土壤干透了。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①I saw him ____________ I was coming into the building.
②Everyone cheered ____________ the winners received their medals.
③He gets more attractive ____________ he gets older.
④____________ it was getting late，I decided to book into a hotel.
⑤Angry ____________ he was，he couldn't help smiling.
2)(教材原句)Second, approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape．,第二，读诗时你就好像是一个探索陌生风景的探险家。)
[句式分析]　本句中as if引导的方式状语从句，且从句使用了虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的情况。
as if(＝as though)意为“似乎，好像”，可引导表语从句(一般置于系动词look, seem，appear等之后)和方式状语从句。若从句表示真实的情况或将来实现的可能性较大的情况，从句用陈述语气；若从句表示的是非真实的情况或将来实现的可能性不大的情况，那么从句用虚拟语气。
(1)表示与现在的事实相反的情况时，从句谓语用一般过去时(be动词通常用were)。
She always talks to me as if/as though she were my elder sister.
她总是以姐姐的口气跟我说话。(她不是我姐姐)
(2)表示与过去的事实相反的情况时，从句谓语用“had＋过去分词”。
He talked about Rome as if/as though he had been there before.
他说起罗马来就好像他以前去过那里似的。(以前没去过)
(3)表示将来实现的可能性较小的情况时，从句谓语用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
He talks gladly as if/as though he would be our monitor.
他高兴地谈论着，好像要成为我们的班长似的。(他成为我们的班长的可能性较小), 特别提示
as if/as though引导从句时，用何种语气取决于说话者。如果说话者所说之事有明显的依据，那么从句就用陈述语气；如果说话者所说之事没有依据，只是想表达一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，那么就用虚拟语气。
Mary speaks in a very loud voice as if she is angry.玛丽说话声音很高，好像生气了。(真的生气了)
Mary speaks in a very loud voice as if she were angry.玛丽说话声音很高，好像生气了。(其实没有生气)
即学即练　单句语法填空
①When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it ____________ (be) broken.
②It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I ____________ (do) it
③I don't know why she is looking at me as if she ____________ (know) me. I've never seen her before.
3)(教材原句)As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning, it will have been worth your effort.
只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的。)
[句式分析]　本句是复合句，as long as引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”。
(1)只要。用于引导条件状语从句，可与so long as互换。
Try to learn from your mistakes and bitter failures.It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.
试着从你的错误和痛苦的失败中学习。只要你坚持不懈，这最终会让你成功的。
(2)长达……，达……之久。属于“as...as...”结构。
You can stay for as long as you want.
你想逗留多久就逗留多久。
The fruit should be left on the tree as long as possible.
应该让水果尽可能在树上多生长一些时间。
(3)一直，整个时间里。
I have a special place in my heart for libraries.I have for as long as I can remember.
在我的内心深处有一个特殊的地方存放图书馆。我有记忆以来我心里就有这个地方。, 即学即练　完成句子
①晚饭后，她常常坐在炉边，有时候长达一个小时，回忆她幸福的日子。
After supper, she would often sit by the fire, sometimes for __________________________， thinking back to her happy days.
②只要天气好我们就去。
We will go _________________________________________________________.
③吉姆说 只要我们保持房子干净和整洁，我们就可以住在他的房子里。
Jim says we can stay in his house ______________________ we leave it clean and tidy.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．For years this land remained ____________ (贫瘠的) and isolated, which has generated the government's high attention.
2．It was bitterly cold and the ground was ____________ (冰冻的) hard.
3．These plain points are easy to ____________ (理解) for the average pupil.
4．Overall, the tests are designed to ____________ (发现) the disease early.
5．I knew very well that the problem was more ____________ (复杂的) than he estimated.
6．She couldn't understand much complicated English sentences so her children had to ____________ (口译) for her.
7．Winning the match was just a ____________ (回报)for the effort the outstanding team had made.
8．I moved out to California in sorrow without any ____________ (线索) about what I might do after graduation.
9．It was a ____________ (符合逻辑的) conclusion from the child's perspective.
10．Timeless loving relationships that a child makes will give him an ____________ (内心的) sense of liberation.
11．He ____________ (意识到) that he should form a small group of like-minded business owners.
12．It's ____________ (值得花钱的) for me to pay the higher price for the historic spots.
13．Smartphones make it more realistic to check ____________ (事实), watch video clips and read weibo.
14．The last two lines of this poem don't ____________ (押韵) precisely.
15．Would that ____________ (暗示) the success of women's liberation
16．The task requires extraordinary ____________ (耐心) and being ambitious.
17．You will open a new ____________ (维度) to your life and can arrange your life orderly.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in the end, dig up, more than, in the world of, find out, set aside, go on, come back to, fill up, as long as, hold fast to, beyond one's grasp, put...together, as a reward for, in reality, lose patience with
1．There's no need to ____________ your overall backyard, either.
2．It's realistic to ____________ some time to accompany parents or do something more meaningful.
3．I'm ____________ happy to show you around our gallery.
4．He tried various careers and ____________ became an accountant.
5．We ____________ that our students have enormous interest in this subject.
6．Can I ____________ the question of political power once again
7．This economic crisis can't ____________. We need to take action to solve this problem.
8．Warehouses at the frontier between the two countries ____________ with sacks of garlic.
9．Professor Krauss has been a moving force ____________ academic art criticism.
10．He said he would still advocate them, ____________ they could solve this crisis.
11．We can only try to ____________ the age-old values of honesty, ambition, decency and politeness.
12．I perceive that I can't solve the crisis because this question is ____________．
13．Let's ________ these mushrooms ________ so that we can take them home.
14．____________ his bravery, the soldier was given a gold medal.
15．He said that he had arranged a place to eat, but ____________ he didn't.
16．If he doesn't put the effort in then we will ____________ the outstanding boy.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Everyone who reaches the top of Mount Tai is rewarded ____________ a magnificent view.
2．China's approach to ____________ (protect) its environment while feeding its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
3．The unusual twists (转折) of the film ____________ (freeze) are what make it special.
4．The security officials have made a series of ____________ (contradict) statements about the equipment.
5．I was ____________ (constant) trying to figure out what time it was suitable to go back home.
6．At last she told me that I should face the ____________ (real) bravely and grasp the opportunity immediately.
7．Stress ____________ mostly ____________ (perceive) as contributing to the bad mood.
8．How shall you hold fat ____________ your own faith and make your life dominated by yourself
9．It ____________ (imply) that the crops with a bad harvest would be a burden to their family.
10．She stood on the balcony to enjoy the landscape out of the window, ____________ (detect) a boy reading aloud.
11．June always rhymes ____________ moon in the song The Neighborhood.
12．The children helped their parents to dig ____________ garlic.
13．I didn't know whether to interpret her perspective ____________ acceptance or refusal.
14．Non-violence and ____________ (patient) are the basic perspectives of their belief.
15．She started singing to the elderly in the shade and ____________ (reward) with a smile.
16．The dogs ____________ (cage) up at night in the neighborhood to relieve their danger to humans.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．玛丽对聚会的描述非常生动，我觉得自己好像在那里一样。
Mary's description of the party was so vivid that I felt ____________________________. (as if)
2．只要她学会办公室的常规工作，她就是极好的助手。
____________________________，she will be an excellent assistant.(as long as)
3．我每天留出一个小时来复习学过的内容。
____________________________ to review what I have learnt.(set aside)
4．这篇文章的医学术语太多了，我完全理解不了。
The article has too many medical terms which ____________________________．(beyond，grasp)
Section A　Welcome to the unit & Reading
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．贫瘠的，不毛的；不结果实的　2.方面，侧面；规模，程度；维
3．grasp　4.押韵词；押韵　使押韵　和……同韵　5.complex
6．clue　7.cage　8.aside　9.remote　10.inner
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．frozen　2.freeze; froze; frozen　3.imply; implication
4．detect; detection; detective　5.contradictory; contradict; contradiction　6.interpret; interpretation; interpreter
7．patience; patient　8.reward; rewarding　9.constantly; constant　10.logical; logically; logic
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．beyond one's grasp　2.dig up　3.long for　4.struggle to do sth.　5.set sth. aside　6.fill up with...　7.logical thinking
8．be worth one's effort
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．as you begin
2．as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape
3．As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.语篇结构
1．hidden　2.Follow your ears　3.where　4.patience
5．Abandon logical thinking
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．C　2.D　3.C　4.C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．combination　2.be adopted　3.beyond　4.were　5.who
6．patient　7.constantly　8.making　9.ways　10.to go
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①frozen　②to　③in/with　④freezing　⑤froze
2．①implying　②implies　③implied　④implication
3．①n. 理解，领会　②vt.抓牢，抓紧　③vt.理解，领会
④grasp any opportunity/chance　⑤have a good grasp of
4．①be detected　②have detected　③is detected　④a
⑤detectives　⑥detection　⑦detectors
5．①contradictory　②contradiction　③to　④contradictory
6．①with　②patience　③patients　④patiently　⑤impatient
7．①留出(钱)　②把……放到一旁　③暂时不考虑
④However busy, we should set aside some time to accompany our parents.
8．①reality　②that　③in　④realistic　⑤about　⑥was realized
9．Hold on
10．①to　②added a new dimension
第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①as　②as　③as　④As　⑤as
2．①were　②had done　③knew
3．①as long as an hour　②as long as the weather is good
③as long as
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．barren　2.frozen　3.grasp　4.detect　5.complex
6．interpret　7.reward　8.clue　9.logical　10.inner
11．perceives　12.worthwhile　13.reality　14.rhyme
15．imply　16.patience　17.dimension
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．dig up　2.set aside　3.more than　4.in the end　5.find out　6.come back to　7.go on　8.fill up　9.in the world of
10．as long as　11.hold fast to　12.beyond my grasp
13．put; together　14.As a reward for　15.in reality
16．lose patience with
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．with　2.protecting　3.Frozen　4.contradictory　
5．constantly　6.reality　7.is; perceived　8.to　9.was implied
10．detecting　11.with　12.up　13.as　14.patience　15.was rewarded　16.are caged
Ⅳ. 完成句子
1．as if I had been there　2.As long as she learns the office routine　3.I set aside one hour every day　4.are totally beyond my graspSection B　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 理想；典范
adj. 完美的，理想的
2．____________ adj. 死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的
3．____________ vt. (过去式____________，过去分词__________)经历，经受
4．____________ vt. 拥护，支持，提倡
n. 拥护者，支持者；辩护律师
5．____________ n. 时代，年代
6．____________ n. 区，行政区；地区，区域
7．____________ vi. & vt. (过去式____________，过去分词__________)(使)拐弯，弯曲
n. 拐弯弯道
8．____________ n. 声明，宣称；所有权；索赔
vt. 宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得
9．____________ adv. 因此，由此
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．小说家→________ n．小说
2．________ n．工业化→________ n．工业；行业→________ adj.工业的
3．________ n．看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心→________ vt.相信；认为→________ adj.难以置信的
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．break with... ________________
2．________________ 重视，强调，把重点放在……
3．________________ 在于
4．________________ 回归自然
5．________________ 一般而言
6．________________ 标志着……的开始
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．在那个年代，许多画家、音乐家、小说家和诗人都以新的不同的方式看待世界。
It was a time ____________ many painters, musicians, novelists and poets looked at the world in new and different ways.
2．但我知道路径延绵无尽头，恐怕我难以再回返。
Yet knowing how way leads on to way, ________________________ I should ever come back.
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1)break with sth. 与某事终止关联，破除
(1)break with tradition/convention 打破传统/常规
break with old habits/the past 摒弃旧习惯/过去
break with sb. 与某人绝交
(2)break into 强行闯入(及物)
break in 强行进入(不及物)
break out (战争、火灾、瘟疫等)爆发
break off 中断；折断
break away (from) 离开；脱离(……)
break through 突破
break down (机器等)出故障；(身体等)垮掉；(情感等)失控；(谈判等)失败；消除
We decided to break with tradition and not to spend Christmas
with our family.
我们决定打破传统，不和家人一起过圣诞节。
You had better break with your bad habits.
你最好改掉你的坏习惯。
His girl friend didn't respect his parents so he broke with her.
他的女朋友不尊重他的父母，所以他与她绝交。
Does everyone know what to do when a fire breaks out
大家都知道发生火灾时该怎么办吗？
When Abraham Lincoln was elected President, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation.
当亚伯拉罕·林肯当选总统时，南部州脱离出去，成立了一个新的国家。
On my way to the station my car broke down.
去车站的路上我的车坏了。
Talks between the two sides have broken down.
双方的谈判破裂了。
Getting young people together will help to break down the barriers among them.
把年轻人聚集起来有助于消除他们之间的隔阂。
归纳拓展
break in打断，插嘴；破门而入
break into强行闯入；突然开始(笑等)
break through冲破，突破
break up(使)破碎；(使)(关系等)破裂；分解，分拆；驱散，解散
“I didn't do it！”she broke in．
她插嘴说：“我没做那件事！”
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Women are allowed to break ____________ tradition and propose to their boyfriends nowadays.
②He decided to break away ____________ home after graduation.
③Her health broke ____________ under the pressure of work.
④As she was talking, he suddenly broke ____________， saying, “That's a lie.”
⑤A group of fans broke ____________ the hotel where the famous film star was staying.
⑥When World War Ⅰ broke ____________， he seemed to have become another man, downhearted.
⑦Our soldiers quickly broke ____________ the enemy's defence works.
2)advocate vt.拥护，支持，提倡　n．拥护者，支持者；辩护律师
(1)advocate a theory 宣扬一种理论
advocate a view 提出一种看法
advocate free competition 主张自由竞争
advocate doing sth. 提倡做某事，主张做某事(其后不可跟不定式)
advocate building more hospitals 主张增设医院
advocate that... 提倡/主张……(从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)
It is advocated that...(should) do...
主张……
advocate an equal education 提倡平等教育
(2)an advocate for/of... ……的支持者/拥护者
Many citizens advocate building another primary school in the community.很多市民主张在该社区再建一所小学。
Some educators advocated that children should be praised for their great performance.
有些教育家主张，孩子们应该因他们的出色表现而受到表扬。
There is no advocate for/of the new policy.
没有人支持这一新政策。
名师点津
advocate后面的宾语从句中的谓语用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。有类似用法的动词还有：suggest(建议)，advise(建议)，propose(建议)，recommend(建议)，request(要求)，require(要求)，ask(请求)，order(命令)等。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①LoveFone, a company that advocates ____________ (repair) cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.
②Many people advocate that measures ____________ (take) to improve employment.
③He is an enthusiastic advocate ____________ freedom of speech.
3)belief n.看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心　believe vt. & vi.相信
(1)It is one's belief that...＝One's belief is that...
某人相信；某人认为……
beyond belief (因太大、太难、太可怕等)难以置信的
contrary to popular belief 与普遍的看法相反
have belief in 对……有信心
have/hold the belief that... 相信……(that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的具体内容)
(2)believe in 相信
it is believed that... 人们相信
It is my belief that everything will go on well.
我相信一切会进展顺利。
I find his behaviour beyond belief.
我发现他的所作所为简直到了令人难以置信的地步。
I don't have much belief in his honesty.
我对他的诚实缺乏足够的信心。
If you believe in yourself，you can succeed.
如果对自己有信心，你就能成功。
They need a leader they can believe in.
他们需要一个可以信赖的领导。
It is believed that the couple have left the country.
人们认为那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。
I find it unbelievable that people can accept this sort of behaviour.人们竟能接受这样的行为，我震惊不已。
归纳拓展
(1)disbelief n．不信，怀疑
dis-表示相反或否定，类似的词还有： disagree vi.不同意； dishonest adj.不诚实的； disadvantage n．不利条件
(2)believable adj. 可相信的；可信任的
unbelievable adj. 令人难以置信的
语境助记
In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
最近几年，在努纳武特地区，一些因纽特人报告，在人类居住的周围看到熊的次数多了，这让人们相信熊的数量在增加。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①His mistake was to lose belief ____________ his ability to change for the better.
②____________ is a general belief that an agreement has been made.
③He deceived us into the belief ____________ he was an honest man.
④____________ is my belief that her death was not an accident.
⑤He does not believe ____________ the existence of ghosts.
4)bend vi. & vt.(bent, bent)(使)拐弯，弯曲　n．拐弯，弯道
bend down 弯下身子；(使)弯下，(使)折下
bend one's mind/efforts to sth. 集中全力于某事，专心致志于某事
bend one's head 低下头
bend the truth 歪曲事实
bend easily 容易弯曲
keep your knees slightly bent 保持你的双膝稍稍弯曲
be bent on sth./doing sth. 决心要做某事，一心想做某事(通常指坏事)
Never bend your head.Always hold it high.Look the world in the eye.绝不低头，要昂首挺胸，直视大千世界。
The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling her who it was from.
然后那个人弯下腰，把花送给妻子，告诉她花是谁给她的。
The boy couldn't bend his mind to his studies with such a heavy burden.学习负担如此沉重，这个男孩无法使自己专心学习。
Drivers are warned to slow down at a sharp bend in the road.
司机们被警告在这条路的急转弯处减速。
语境助记
He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye.
他弯下腰和他的老朋友拥抱告别。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①I ____________ (bend) down to lift the box off the floor and removed it into another room.
②You should bend your mind ____________ the plan you have made.
③There's ____________ bend in the pipe so you can't see from one end to the other.
④The road bends ____________ the right.
⑤Don't bend ____________ your desk.
⑥He bent his steps ____________ the ward.
5)claim n.声明，宣称；所有权；索赔　vt.宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得
(1)put in/make a claim for... 提出……的赔偿要求； 要求……的赔偿
have a claim on sth. 拥有……所有权
have no claim on sth. 无权支配……
make a claim on insurance policy 按照保单办理索赔
have no claim to my service 无权叫我服务
have no claim against sb. 无权反对某人
(2)claim that... 声称……
claim to do sth. 声称做某事
claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事
(3)claim sth. from sb. (for sth.) (因……)向某人索要……
claim for compensation 要求赔偿
claim sth. back 索回某物
claim a large amount of money against the firm
向该公司索赔一大笔钱
(4)It is claimed that... 有人声称……；据说……
The singer has denied the magazine's claim.
这名歌手否认了那家杂志的说法。
He made a claim for $2，000.他要求2 000美元的赔偿。
It is only when the virus is wiped out in all countries that we can claim a true victory.只有当这种病毒在所有国家都被消灭时，我们才能宣称真正的胜利。
She claimed to have ever been met by the president.
＝She claimed that she had ever been met by the president.
她声称曾被总统接见过。
You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.
若货物有损坏，可以要求退钱。
The police said that if no one claimed the watch，you could keep it.警方说如果没人认领这块表，你可以留着。
名师点津
claim to do sth.表示“声称将要做某事”
claim to be doing
表示“声称正在做某事”
claim to have done sth.
表示“声称已经做某事”。
语境助记
Earthquakes have claimed hundreds of thousands of lives in the last hundred years.
在过去的100年中，地震夺去了无数人的生命。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①When my bike was stolen, I ____________ (claim) on the insurance and got ￡ 150 back.
②He claims ____________ (meet) President，but I don't believe him.
③They claim ____________ (be) the biggest company in the world，which is true if you include their subsidiaries.
④Dean tricked the old lady into giving him eight hundred pounds，____________ (claim) that he would invest it for her.
⑤He made a claim ____________ damages after his car was hit.
6)make all the difference关系重大，大不相同
(1)make a/the difference 有作用，有影响
make a big difference to... 对……有很大的影响/关系/作用
make no difference to... 对……没有影响/关系/作用
make some difference to... 对……有些影响/关系/作用
(2)It makes no difference to sb. whether...or not.
是否……对某人没有影响。
On the other hand positive feedback can make all the difference to how satisfied people feel.
另一方面，积极的反馈对人们的满意度有很大的影响。
Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a difference in the world.
汉娜是众多让世界不同的年轻人的例子之一。
即学即练　完成句子
①她说的任何事情都不会对我们的安排有影响。
Whatever she says will not ____________________ to our arrangements.
②你对压力做出的反应影响你的心理和身体健康！
How you react to pressure will __________________________ to your mental and physical health！
第二版块|重点句型解构
1)(教材原句)It was a time when many painters, musicians, novelists and poets looked at the world in new and different ways.
在那个时代，许多画家、音乐家、小说家和诗人都以新的、不同的方式看待世界。
[句式分析]　本句中when引导的是定语从句，先行词是time。
when引导定语从句时，在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词常为表示时间的名词，如time, day, week, year等。
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week when the weather may be better.
我们将把公园野餐的时间推迟到下周，那时天气可能会好点儿。
As the smallest child of his family，Eric is always longing for the time when he will be able to be independent.
作为家里最小的孩子，埃里克一直渴望他能独立的那个时刻。
特别提示
当先行词为表示时间的词时，注意判断关系词在从句中所作的成分，作时间状语时用when，作主语或宾语时用that/which。注意下面的句子：
Each time I see these photos，I can't help thinking of the happy days that/which we spent together.每次看到这些照片，我都忍不住会想起我们一起度过的快乐时光。
(本句中先行词为days，关系词在从句中作spent的宾语，应用which或that。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①It was the middle of the night ____________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
②I am looking forward to the day ____________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
③I had one trip last year ____________ I got caught in a hurricane in America.
④The old pictures bring them to the days ____________ they spent together, ____________ life was hard but happy.
2)(教材原句)Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.
但我知道路径延绵无尽头，恐怕我难以再回返。)
[句式分析]　本句中if在动词doubt后引导宾语从句
I doubt if...我怀疑是否……
(1)动词doubt接宾语从句时，肯定句中连接词用if或whether，表示“是否”，否定句或疑问句中连接词用that。
I doubt if they can finish the job on time.
我怀疑他们是否能按时完工。
I doubt whether Alyssa will accept the invitation the day after tomorrow.
我怀疑阿莉莎后天是否会接受邀请。
I don't doubt that my father will come to my rescue.
我相信我父亲一定会来救我的。
Do you doubt that she will succeed
你怀疑她会成功吗？
(2)doubt作名词，有时后接介词about或同位语从句，接同位语从句时，肯定句用whether(不能用if)，否定句和疑问句用that。
The article raised doubts about how effective the new drug really was.
这篇文章对这种新药的实效有多大提出了疑问。
I've had my doubts about his work since he joined the firm.
自从他加入公司以来，我对他的工作一直持有怀疑。
There is some doubt about the best way to do it.
做这件事的最佳办法有点儿吃不准。
归纳总结
I doubt whether/if...我怀疑是否……
I don't doubt that...我确信……
There is no doubt about/that...毫无疑问……
There is some doubt about/whether...对于……有些疑问。
There is some doubt whether John will come on time.对约翰是否会准时到有一些怀疑。
There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.毫无疑问我们做得对。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He doubts ____________ she will keep her word.
②I doubt ____________ they can swim across the river.
③I do not doubt ____________ he can recite it.
④There is some doubt ____________ he is the best man for the job.
⑤There is no doubt ____________ we will have three days off after the exam.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The trip to Paris will be an ____________ (理想的) opportunity to enhance my French.
2．Some children ____________ (经历) a complete transformation when they become teenagers.
3．This balance is being upset by ____________ (工业化), which causes great damage to environment.
4．I admire his enthusiastic ____________ (信仰) in what he is doing.
5．A new ____________ (时代) was brought into being by the sudden innovation.
6．Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a ____________ (声明) on the basis of new evidence.
7．Two-fifths of the land in that ____________ (地区) is covered with trees and grass.
8．The driver lowered his speed at a tight ____________ (拐弯) in the road.
9．We suspect they are trying to hide something; ____________ (因此) the need for a comprehensive inquiry is a must.
10．We all breathed a ____________ (叹气) of relief when it was over.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be pleased with, break with, look at, in...way, fill in, as a result of, put emphasis on, go back to, lie on, be interested in, beyond belief, an ideal opportunity, advocate for, undergo tests
1．You had better ____________ your bad habits which exposed your personal situation.
2．It is essential to ____________ a form with details of your birth and occupation.
3．He ____________ me enormously surprised, grabbing me in the arms.
4．Many critics throw themselves into the criticism of this book ________ a challenging ________．
5．The teachers should ____________ the importance of the perspective of their students.
6．She ____________ the beach for a long time and enjoyed the beautiful landscape.
7．I think it is apparent that they ____________ this latest offer.
8．I think you should ____________ your original living surroundings, which will make you ambitious.
9．Student's motivation and ambition for study has been stimulated ____________ educational reform.
10．First of all, you should consider the career that you ____________．
11．The trip to Guangdong in China will be ____________ to practise my Cantonese.
12．All safety equipment will ____________ by the licenses precisely.
13．They ____________ a better environment by way of cycling, which can protect many rare plants and animals.
14．This outstanding disabled athlete who has won the game is ____________．
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．He is an untiring advocate ____________ educational reform. He advocates ____________ (reward) the teachers for their excellent jobs.
2．It's a general belief ____________ those who have a wonderful sense of humor are more popular.
3．Last week, some scientists claimed ____________ (discover) three new species on the remote island.
4．She has been depressed since she broke ____________ her friend.
5．I don't doubt ____________ I can sell my portraits at a good price to someone!
6．We all experience a day ____________ everything goes wrong.
7．You must sell the mushrooms that you have, ____________ expenses will be submitted by the end of the month.
8．She came into the room, ____________ (bend) forward to pick up the garlic.
9．A man ____________ (claim) to be a journalist threatened to expose details about her private life.
10．The new digital era could make ____________ difference to the bottom line, which will have an enormous effect on us.
11．He will have no choice but ____________ (throw) himself into the new campaign.
12．She ____________ (tread) and enjoyed the beautiful landscape of the village.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．有人宣称，幽默不仅影响病人的情绪，而且明显有助于他们康复。
________________ humor not only affects patients' moods, but apparently helps them recover.
2．他是否在这里对我们的工作没有影响，因为很少看到他和我们一起工作。
Whether he is here or not will ________________ because it is rare to see him work with us.
3．我怀疑自己是否能写出我在余生想要展示的一切。
________________ I could write all that I wanted to display in the rest of my life.
4．毫无疑问，意识延伸的确是一个难理解的观点。
________________ the extended mind is a difficult perspective indeed.
5．我别无选择，只能麻烦你纠正我在歌曲里的细小错误。
I ________________ to correct my precise mistakes in the melody.
6．她声称已经被那所大学录取了。
She ________________ she had been admitted to that famous university.
＝She ________________________ to that famous university.
7．队员们都相信他们的教练。
The players all ________________ their coach.
8．那位老师提倡大声朗读从而真正理解诗歌。
The teacher ________________ poems aloud to truly understand them.
Section B　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．ideal　2.rigid　3.undergo; underwent; undergone
4．advocate　5.era　6.district　7.bend; bent; bent
8．claim　9.hence
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．novelist; novel　2.industrialization; industry; industrial
3．belief; believe; unbelievable
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．与……终止关联，破除　2.put emphasis on...　3.lie in...
4．go back to nature　5.generally speaking　6.mark the start of...
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．when　2.I doubted if
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①with　②from　③down　④in　⑤into　⑥out　⑦through
2．①repairing　②(should) be taken　③for/of
3．①in　②There　③that　④It　⑤in
4．①bent　②to　③a　④to　⑤over　⑥toward
5．①claimed　②to have met　③to be　④claiming　⑤for
6．①make any difference　②make all the difference
第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①when　②when　③when　④which/that; when
2．①if/whether　②if/whether　③that　④whether　⑤that
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．ideal　2.undergo　3.industrialization　4.belief　5.era
6．claim　7.district　8.bend　9.hence　10.sigh
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．break with　2.fill in　3.looked at　4.in; way　5.put emphasis on　6.lay on　7.are pleased with　8.go back to　9.as a result of　10.are interested in　11.an ideal opportunity
12．undergo tests　13.advocate for　14.beyond belief
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．for/of; rewarding　2.that　3.to have discovered　4.with
5．that　6.when　7.for/because　8.bending　9.claiming　10.a　11.to throw　12.trod
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．It is claimed that　2.make no difference to our work
3．I doubted if/whether　4.There is no doubt that
5．have no choice but to bother you
6．claimed that; claimed to have been admitted
7．have belief in　8.advocates reading语法精讲④ 非谓语动词综述
非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。它们的基本形式的变化如下：
基本形式的变化(以do为例)
形式 一般式 进行式 完成式(被动式)
动词不定式 to do/to be done to be doing to have done/to have been done
动词-ing形式 doing/being done having done/having beendone
动词-ed形式 done
非谓语动词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表：
形式 功能
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ed形式 √ √ √ √
1.非谓语动词作主语：动词不定式与动词-ing形式
(1)动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语相当于名词，单个动词不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
To climb the mountain road is easy while to go down the hills is hard.
上山容易下山难。
[特别注意]　在当代英语中，常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语(不定式)放在后面。
It is not easy to find your way around the town.
在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。
(2)动名词(短语)作主语
动名词具有名词的基本性质，因此动名词可以在句子中充当主语。单个动名词(短语)作主语时，句子的谓语动词通常用单数。
①动名词(短语)在句首直接作主语。
Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.
大声朗读对我们学外语来说很重要。
②it在句首作形式主语，而动名词(短语)作句子真正的主语，常用表达有：
It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间
It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.
做某事是没用的/值得的
It's no use doing sth.做某事是没用的
It was a waste of time reading that book.
读那本书就是在浪费时间。(此句中It为形式主语，真正的主语为reading that book)
2．非谓语动词作宾语：动词不定式与动词-ing形式
(1)接动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
英语中有些动词或动词短语应接不定式作宾语，常用的有：afford(负担得起)，agree(同意)，arrange(安排)，ask(请求)，attempt(尝试)，choose(选择)，desire(渴望)，decide/determine (决定)，expect(预计)，fail(失败；未做到)，help(帮助)，hope(希望)，intend(打算)，learn(学习)，manage(设法做成)，offer(愿意)，plan(计划)，prepare(准备)，pretend(假装)，promise(许诺；答应)，refuse(拒绝)，wish(希望)，would like/want(想要)等。
I can't afford to waste money on cheap souvenirs.
我负担不起把钱浪费在廉价的纪念品上。
I expect to be back within a week.
我预计一周之内回来。
At last I managed to carry all those large boxes upstairs.
最后我总算把那些大箱子都搬上了楼。
巧记接不定式的动词：
同意安排有计划(agree, arrange, plan)
请求答应想帮忙(ask, promise, would like/want, help)
准备决定要拒绝(prepare, decide/determine, refuse)
预计选择有希望(expect, choose, hope/wish)
不能负担莫假装(fail, afford, pretend)
打算设法愿渴望(intend, manage, offer, desire)
(2)接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)
英语中有些动词或动词短语应接动名词形式作宾语，常用的有：
admit(承认)，advise(建议)，avoid(避免)，can't help(忍不住)，can't stand(无法忍受)，consider(考虑)，delay/postpone/put off(推迟；延期)，deny(否认)，enjoy(喜欢)，fancy(喜欢；想要)，finish(完成)，give up(放弃)，imagine(想象)，insist on(坚持)，keep/keep on(继续)，mind (介意)，miss(错过)，practise(练习)，resist(抗拒)，risk(冒……的危险)，suggest(建议)等。
Wild camping is illegal in England.To avoid being caught，the Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning.
野外露营在英格兰是非法的。为了避免被抓住，温一家不得不晚些时候才把帐篷搭起来，并在第二天一早就把帐篷收起来。
It had also given me a choice, either to leave that page blank or to keep writing the story with hope.
这也给了我一种选择，要么把这一页留白，要么带着希望继续写这个故事。
I really enjoy listening to music because it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
我非常喜欢听音乐，因为它能让我放松，使我不去想一天中其他烦心的事情。
巧记接动名词的动词或动词短语：
考虑建议盼原谅(consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, forgive)
承认推迟拒想象(admit, delay/postpone/put off, resist, imagine)
避免错过继续练(avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise)
否认完成就欣赏(deny, finish, enjoy)
放弃坚持去冒险(give up, insist on, risk)
不禁介意准逃亡(can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape)
(3)既可接动名词也可接动词不定式的动词
①love, like, hate, prefer等表示喜爱或憎恶的情感类动词后面接动词不定式和动名词时有少许区别：接动词不定式时，一般表示一次性或具体的动作；接动名词时，一般表示习惯性或一般性的动作。
They prefer staying indoors when it is cold.
天冷时他们更喜欢待在屋里。
Would you prefer to stay at home or go out with us tonight
今晚你是想待在家里还是和我们出去？
②begin, start, continue等词后接动词不定式和动名词时，意义差别不大，一般可以互相替换。
She began learning/to learn how to use a computer.
她开始学习如何使用电脑。
③有些动词后接动名词和不定式时，意思不同，具体如下：
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/forget to do sth.忘记去做某事
remember doing sth.记得做过某事/remember to do sth.记得去做某事
regret doing sth.后悔做了某事/regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事/mean to do sth.打算做某事
try doing sth.试着做某事/try to do sth.努力做某事
stop doing sth.停止做某事/stop to do sth.停下来去做别的事
go on doing sth.继续做某事/go on to do sth.进而做某事
can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事/can't help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事
She told me to go and lock the door.She didn't remember locking the door after supper.
她叫我去锁门，她不记得晚饭后已经锁过门了。
Remember to turn off all the lights when you leave the classroom.
你离开教室时，记得把所有的灯关掉。
They didn't mean to go and help you.
他们不打算去帮助你们。
His words meant going to help you without delay.
他的话意味着他将毫不迟疑地前去帮助你们。
3．非谓语动词作表语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式
(1)动词不定式作表语
不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。
My dream is to enter Peking University.
我的梦想是考入北京大学。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
我的建议是立刻开始工作。
[特别注意]　不定式作表语时，若主语为all，what引导的从句，且从句中出现了do的某种形式时，不定式的to可省略。
What he wanted to do was (to) become a skilful worker.
他想做的是成为一名熟练的工人。
(2)动词的-ing形式作表语
①动名词(短语)作表语用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的具体内容(身份、性质或情况)。
One of the best ways to learn English new words is reading English newspaper.
学习英语生词的最好方法之一是看英文报纸。
②现在分词(短语)作表语用来表示主语所具有的特征。
Children's TV programmes nowadays are much more entertaining.
现在的儿童电视节目有趣多了。
It's annoying that we can't travel until Thursday, but at least the fare's cheaper then.
我们要到星期四才能旅行，这很烦人，但至少那时票价便宜些。
(3)动词的-ed形式作表语
过去分词作表语常表示主语的性质、特征或状态，有时并无完成或被动之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情。过去分词作表语基本上都是已经形容词词化的动词的-ed形式，通常译为“感到……的”。
He felt disappointed but he tried to put on a brave face.
他感到失望，但还竭力强颜欢笑。
He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong reaction.
他很惊讶自己的回答竟会引起如此强烈的反应。
4．非谓语动词作定语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式
(1)动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语一般情况下会置于被修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰词构成一定的逻辑关系，其用法如下：
①主谓关系：被修饰词是不定式动作的发出者。此时被修饰词前通常有only, next, 序数词或形容词的最高级修饰。
William was one of the first men to explore the depths of the sea in a bathysphere.
威廉是第一批在探海球形潜水器中探索海洋深处的人之一。
②动宾关系：被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者。此时需要注意，如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，其后应有相应的介词。但当不定式修饰的名词是time, place, way时，不定式后可省略介词。
We have to find a hotel to stay in.
我们得找个旅馆住。
I'll fix you up with a place to stay.
我会给你安排住处的。(省略了stay in中的介词in)
③修饰关系：动词不定式对所修饰的词起到补充、说明的作用。这些被修饰词有：wish, way, chance, ability, decision, attempt, reason, answer等。
The students are looking forward to having a chance to explore society for real-life experience.
学生们渴望有机会去探索社会，体验现实生活。
④动词不定式作定语有时也表示一种将来的动作。
Max will never know what he will face in the days to follow.
马克斯不知道自己在接下来的日子将会面对什么。
(2)动词的-ing形式作定语
⑤动名词作定语表示被修饰词的功能和作用。
a swimming pool＝a pool for swimming游泳池
building materials＝materials for building建筑材料
⑥现在分词作定语
现在分词作定语时，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示事物存在的状态或动作正在进行；有时现在分词作定语可以转换成主动的定语从句。
The swimming boy is my brother.
＝The boy who is swimming is my brother.
正在游泳的那个男孩是我的哥哥。
a.说明被修饰词的性质或程度。
a surprising result＝a result that is surprising
一个令人吃惊的结果
b.表示被修饰词正在进行的动作。
We can see the rising sun.
我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。
[特别注意]　现在分词作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之前；现在分词短语作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之后，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
shocking news令人震惊的消息
The man standing there is Peter's father.
＝The man who is standing there is Peter's father.
站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
(3)动词的-ed形式作定语
过去分词(短语)作定语时，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，表示被动或完成。过去分词短语作定语时可以转换成被动的定语从句。
The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned to our shop for quality problems.
生产商定期来收回因质量问题被退回到我们商店的照相机。(此句话中returned...为过去分词短语作cameras的定语，表示“被退回的”，可变为定语从句which are returned...)
After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope provided.
填完表格并签名之后，请把它装入所提供的信封里返给我们。
[特别注意]　过去分词(短语)作定语时的位置：单个过去分词作定语时既可以放在被修饰词前，也可放于其后；过去分词短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰词的后面。
From his terrified face，we could tell how thrilling the movie was.
从他惊恐的表情上，我们可以看出这部电影有多吓人。
The project of the underground aimed at improving the transport of the city began in the early 1980s.
旨在改善城市交通状况的地铁工程始于20世纪80年代初。
5．非谓语动词作状语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式
(1)动词不定式(短语)作状语
①动词不定式(短语)作目的状语时，有时为了突出语气可以加上in order或so as，其中in order to可以置于句首，但是so as to不可以置于句首。注意，当动词不定式置于句末作目的状语时，不可用逗号隔开；置于句首时，则一般用逗号隔开。
To learn more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
为了更多地了解中国文化，杰克已经决定把中国民间音乐作为一门选修课。
All postcards must be mailed at once in order/so as to be received in time for the Spring Festival.
＝In order to be received in time for the Spring Festival, all postcards must be mailed at once.
所有的明信片必须立即邮寄，以便春节时及时收到。
②动词不定式(短语)作结果状语时，通常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于only to, too...to, enough...to, such/so...as to等句式中。
He raced through the living room, only to find the front door closed.
他飞快地跑过客厅，却发现前门锁上了。
The trunk is too small to hold these things.
这个后备箱太小，放不下这些东西。
③动词不定式(短语)作原因状语时，通常跟在一些表示情感的形容词后，说明产生这种情绪的原因。
I'm sorry to hear that bad news.
听到那个坏消息，我很难过。
(2)动词的-ing形式作状语
现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
Arriving home，he showed me a large bright clean room.
到家后，他让我看到了一个宽敞、明亮、洁净的房间。
Not knowing his address，I can't send this book to him.
因为不知道他的地址，我没法把这本书寄给他。
His father died，leaving him a lot of money.
他父亲过世了，留给他许多钱。
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
他们在那儿站了半个小时，观察着天上的星星。
Knowing all this，they would make me pay for the damage.
尽管他们知道了一切，但还要我赔偿损失。
注意：上述现在分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，两者之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
(3)动词的-ed形式作状语
过去分词(短语)可用作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。过去分词(短语)作状语可以转换成状语从句。当过去分同(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语，并且与之构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Printed white, the house looks bigger.
漆成白色后，这房子像是大了些。
These mountains are a wonderful sight when viewed from the valley floor.
从谷底看，这些山真是美妙的景象。
Given another chance, I'll do it much better.
如果再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。
Three more dancers appeared on the stage，accompanied by the rhythm of music.
又有三位舞者随着音乐的节奏出现在舞台上。
6．非谓语动词作补语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式
(1)动词不定式(短语)作补语
①动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语
动词不定式可以在“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的句型中充当宾语补足语。用于这一句型的动词有：ask, cause, advise, allow, forbid, permit, force, instruct, want, order, encourage, persuade, remind, request, tell, urge, invite, teach, warn, command, enable等。这些动词的用法通常为(以ask为例)：ask sb. to do sth.，否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth.。
The doctor advised him to stop smoking.
医生劝他戒烟。
My teacher encouraged me to take a summer course to improve my writing skills.
我的老师鼓励我参加一个夏季课程来提高我的写作技能。
[特别注意]　有些感官动词和使役动词后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，to经常被省略。这些词有“一感觉”(feel)，“二听”(hear, listen to)，“三使役”(make, have, let)，“四看”(see, watch, notice, observe)。需要注意的是，当上述词用于被动语态的时候，省略的to应还原回来。
The teacher made me wait while she talked to other students.
老师在和其他同学谈话时，让我等着。
The director had her assistant prepare some hot dogs for the meeting.
主管让她的助理为这次会议准备一些热狗。
Tom is always hard-working, so he doesn't have to be made to study hard.
汤姆一直很努力，所以没有必要强迫他刻苦学习。
②动词不定式(短语)作主语补足语
在句型“...be said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought to do sth.”中，不定式(短语)作主语补足语。
They are said to have developed a new approach to teaching, which is said to improve classroom teaching greatly.
据说他们已经研究出一种新的教学方法，这种方法据说可以极大地改善课堂教学。
(2)动词的-ing形式作补语
③现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语
现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语，表示正在进行的主动性的动作或状态。能用现在分词形式作宾补的两类动词：
感官动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe等。
使役动词，常见的有have, make, let, set, keep, get, leave等。
I won't have you doing that.我不会让你那样做。
This set me thinking.这使我思考。
I can't get the clock going again.
我不能让钟表继续转动。
He noticed someone staring at him in the distance.他注意到远处有人在盯着他看。
She observed a man approaching her quietly.
她看到一个男人悄悄地向她走来。
How could you have her standing in the cold all night
你怎么能让她整夜站在这么冷的地方呢？
Don't leave him waiting outside in the rain.
不要让他在外面冒雨等着。
What he said left me thinking about what it really means to be a good friend.
他的话让我思考做一个好朋友到底意味着什么。
④当句子变为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的现在分词形式便转换为主语补足语。
They found the result very satisfying.
＝The result was found very satisfying.
他们发现结果令人非常满意。
They last saw the lost boy playing by the riverside.
＝The lost boy was last seen playing by the riverside.
人们最后一次看见那个走失的男孩时，他正在河边玩耍。
(3)动词的-ed形式作补语
⑤过去分词可以作宾语补足语，句式结构为“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补”，谓语通常为see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, feel, have, make, get等。其中过去分词和其前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。比如在He was trying to make himself understood.(他努力让自己被理解。)中，understood与himself之间是逻辑上的被动关系，表示让自己被别人理解。
My bike is broken.I'll have to get it repaired.
我的自行车坏了，我得去修一下。
He raised his voice in order to make himself heard.
他提高音量是为了让自己被听见。
⑥过去分词有时亦可作主语补足语。
The song is often heard sung everywhere in China.
在中国的大街小巷经常能够听到有人唱这首歌。
课时达标·随堂自测
单句语法填空
(一)
1．It is a great honour ____________ (invite) to visit your country.
2．____________ (make) the right decision concerning the future is probably the most important thing we will ever do in our life.
3．____________ (add) Peking Opera to the basic education in China is a big step to promote traditional art.
4．____________ (know) basic first-aid technique will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
5．____________ (equip) with global vision and the spirit of innovation is crucial to China's young generation.
6．It is agreed that ____________ (read) widely is one of the most effective ways to enlarge our vocabulary.
7．____________ (open) school playgrounds to the public makes exercise easier for the people in the community.
8．____________ (learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
(二)
1．My uncle is a reliable man. If he promises ____________ (do) something, he is sure to do it.
2．I move here only to attempt ____________ (enjoy) the farming life here.
3．I really can't stand ____________ (do) such a boring job. I am going to do something different.
4．To avoid ____________ (catch) in the traffic jam, I usually set out at 7：00 in the morning from home by car.
5．Had he taken his parents' advice, he would not regret ____________ (make) such a silly mistake now.
6．Remember ____________ (send) me a photo of us next time you write to me.
7．I still remember ____________ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
8．When you've finished ____________ (read) the book, don't forget ____________ (put) it back on the shelf, will you
9．I feel like taking a long walk. Would you like ____________ (go) with me
10．Jones was shocked when she said that she didn't actually mind ____________ (cheat).
(三)
1．I have to say that it's ____________ (surprise) to find you agreeing with me for once.
2．I'm a bit ____________ (confuse) about the arrangements for tonight—what time are we meeting
3．The stewardess asked all the passengers on board to remain ____________ (seat) as the plane was making a landing.
4．It remains ____________ (see) whether he will be fit enough to play in the finals.
5．There is no reason to be ____________ (disappoint). As a matter of fact, this could be rather amusing.
(四)
1．There are still 30 minutes ____________ (go), so we needn't hurry with lunch.
2．William, one of the first men ____________ (explore) the depths of the sea in a bathysphere, got interested in oceanography because of one book.
3．The football team, ____________ (consist) of 22 players and 3 coaches, was set up by his father 3 years ago.
4．I heard that there were about 50 foreign students __________ (study) Chinese in the school, most of whom were from Germany.
5．The student ____________ (absorb) in the games on the phone didn't notice his teacher behind him.
6．May I have a look at your valuable stamp ____________ (date) back to the 1950s
7．Guizhou Province, ____________ (rank) by Lonely Planet among the top 10 regions to visit in 2020, has become a promising travel destination.
8．Doing voluntary work gives you a chance ____________ (change) lives, including your own.
9．Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ____________ (spend) with his students.
10．The little boy still needed the ____________ 20 dollars to do with the ________________ things to be settled. (remain)
(五)
1．____________ (throw) their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out shouts of victory.
2．____________ (catch) the first bus, Tom got to the hospital in time that day.
3．____________ (face) with the evidence, he had no choice but to admit his crime.
4．Yesterday I went to see him, only ____________ (learn) that he had gone to Beijing.
5．____________ (face) with such a troubling man, he didn't know what to do, ____________ (stand) there with his mouth wide open.
6．Every minute must be made full use of ____________ (improve) English.
7．Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____________ (seize) the girl and took her away, ____________ (disappear) into the woods.
8．The rainy weather lasted for a couple of days, completely ____________ (ruin) our plan for picnic.
9．Nervously ____________ (face) challenges, I will whisper to myself: “Be yourself”．
10．Accustomed to being awaited by her friends, Lisa was very surprised ____________ (find) they had gone.
(六)
1．Thank you for keeping me ____________ (inform) of what happened in time.
2．While the hostess was getting me ____________ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a garage.
3．Encourage your kids ____________ (try) new things, but try not to push them too hard.
4．Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not __________ (find) in any other country in the world.
5．Mrs White found her husband ____________ (surround) by letters and papers and ________________ (look) very worried.
语法精讲④　非谓语动词综述
课时达标·随堂自测
单句语法填空
(一)
1．to be invited　2.Making　3.Adding　4.Knowing　5.Being equipped　6.reading　7.Opening　8.Learning
(二)
1．to do　2.to enjoy　3.doing　4.being caught
5．having made　6.to send　7.visiting　8.reading; to put　9.to go　10.being cheated
(三)
1．surprising　2.confused　3.seated　4.to be seen　5.disappointed
(四)
1．to go　2.to explore　3.consisting　4.studying　5.absorbed
6．dating　7.ranked　8.to change　9.spent　10.remaining;
remaining
(五)
1．Throwing　2.Catching　3.Faced　4.to learn　5.Faced；
standing　6.to improve　7.seized; disappearing　8.ruining　9.facing　10.to find
(六)
1．informed　2.settled　3.to try　4.found　5.surrounded; lookingSection C　Extended reading & Project & Further study
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ vi. & vt. 敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)
2．____________ vt. 偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到
n. 相遇，遭遇，冲突
3．____________ vt. 培养；助长；抚养，滋养
4．____________ n. (贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣
vi. 迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛
5．____________ n. 暗喻，隐喻
6．____________ vt. (过去式________________，过去分词______________)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色
n. 全体演员；投，抛
7．____________ vt. 欠(情)；欠(债)
8．____________ n. 人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务
9．____________ vt. 给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格
10．____________ vt. 把……归咎于，责怪，指责
n. 责任，责备，指责
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．dweller n．________→dwell vi.________→ dwelling n．________
2．________ adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的→________ vt.(过去式________，过去分词________)碰撞；打，击；给(某人以……)印象
3．________ (also________)vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画→________ n．品质，性格，特点
4．Confucianism n.________→Confucius n．________
5．Taoism n．________→Taoist n．________
6．________ n．传说，传奇故事；传奇人物→________ adj.传奇的；非常著名的
7．________ adj.众多的，许多的→________ n．数，数字，数目，号码
8．________ adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的→________ n．光荣，荣誉；壮丽
9．________ n．稳定(性)，稳固(性)→________ adj.稳定的，稳固的；稳重的
10．________ adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→________ vt.容忍，忍受→________________________．.. 对……容忍，能耐……的
11．________ n．自由(自己选择生活方式而不受政府或权威的过多限制)→________ adj.自由的，开明的
12．________ adj.不受约束的，自由的→________ vt.强迫；限制，约束
13．________ n．生命力，活力，热情→________ adj.生命的；充满生机的；必不可少的，极重要的
14．________ vt. & vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众→________ adj.著名的，杰出的
15．exaggeration n．________→exaggerate vt. & vi.________
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 伸手去够
2．________________ 以免，唯恐
3．________________ 为……做出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成
4．________________ 使自己/某人熟悉某物
5．________________ 植根于
6．________________ 对……印象深刻
7．________________ 使A有别于B；把A与B区分开
8．________________ 代表……的
9．________________ 被公认为……
10．________________ 被……所吸引
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．李白的浪漫主义风格亦深植于他所处的社会历史环境中。
Li Bai's romantic style was also deeply rooted in the social and historical context ____________________________________．
2．同样让人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。
____________________________________， which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.语篇结构
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What is the purpose of the poem A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple
A．To ask readers to enjoy it.
B．To compare it with other poems.
C．To introduce Li Bai.
D．To introduce Tang poems.
2．What made Li Bai familiar with classical Chinese culture and acquire the wisdom of previous generations
A．All kinds of books he read.
B．All activities he took part in.
C．The society he lived in.
D．His travelling experiences.
3．What made Li Bai different from other landscape poets
A．His free expression of strong feelings.
B．His extraordinary talent.
C．His inspiration from nature.
D．The influence from Qu Yuan.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
It is believed that A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple 1.________ (write) by Li Bai in his teenage years. With striking imagination, this early poem showed signs of a romantic style, which was later to characterize his poetry.
Li Bai's love of reading and travelling contributed a lot 2.________ his romantic style. By 3.________ (read) all kinds of books, he got familiar with classical Chinese culture and 4.________ (acquire) the wisdom of previous generations. Li Bai's travel around the country nourished his love of nature and inspired him 5.________ (write) romantic poems. In addition, Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty, 6.________ allowed Li Bai to develop 7.________ free and unconstrained personality. Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is easy to see that most of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style.
All in all, with his extraordinary imagination, free expression of strong 8.________ (feeling) and mastery of language, Li Bai is widely recognized as the 9.________ (great) romantic poet after Qu Yuan. Li Bai's poetry inspires generations of poets both at home 10.________ abroad and is enjoyed by countless readers.
教材助读·开放课堂
[教材原文]
Li Bai and his romantic poetry
A hundred feet the temple towers；
I can reach out for① the stars in the sky.
But I dare② not speak in a voice loud，
For fear of③ scaring dwellers④ on high.
(“A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple”)
It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years. With striking⑤ imagination in expressions like “scaring dwellers on high”， this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style, which was later to characterize⑥ Li Bai's poetry.
Li Bai's love of reading and travelling from an early age contributed to⑦ his romantic style. He started studying the classics when he was only five years old, and was reading ancient philosophers⑧ of different schools at the age of ten, including⑨ Confucianism⑩ and Taoism . By reading books of all kinds, from legends to historical stories, he familiarized himself with classical Chinese culture, and more importantly, he acquired the wisdom of previous generations.
Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel[1], Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties . His footsteps covered almost the whole country. During his travels, he visited famous mountains and great rivers, encountering different customs and practices. These travelling experiences also nourished his love of nature and inspired him to write numerous poems in the romantic style.
[1]过去分词短语作原因状语
Li Bai's romantic style was also deeply rooted in the social and historical context in which he lived. Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty, a time of economic boom and social stability [2]. This open and tolerant atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality, which, in turn ， had a huge impact on his poetic production.
[2]同位语，补充说明the Tang Dynasty
Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style. Even the most uninformed reader would not fail to be impressed by the poet's rich imagination. The moon and stars in the sky, the natural landscape and the figures in legends all become a vehicle for his imagination. Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings, which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets. These features are inseparable from Li Bai's wide use of exaggeration ， metaphor and other artistic techniques. The poem below, written in his fifties[3], is representative of his romantic style：
[3]过去分词短语作后置定语修饰the poem
My silver hair is three thousand feet long.
Because my sorrow is deep and strong.
How can the autumn frost white
Be cast into the mirror bright
(“Autumn Frost”)
With his extraordinary imagination, free expression of strong feelings and mastery of language, Li Bai is widely recognized as the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan. Generations of poets, both in China and abroad, owe a debt to his inspirational poems. One such poet is Ezra Pound, a 20th-century American poet. He was fascinated by Li Bai's poems and translated some of them in his 1915 poetry collection entitled Cathay. Today Li Bai's poetry continues to be enjoyed by countless readers around the world.
[词汇注释]
①reach out for伸手去够
②dare/de (r)/vi. & vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)
※dare not (daren't) do不敢做……
③for fear of以免，唯恐
④dweller/'dwel (r)/n.居民，居住者
⑤striking/'stra k /adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的
⑥characterize/'k r kt ra z/
(also characterise) vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画
⑦contribute to为……做出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成
⑧philosopher n．哲学家，贤哲
⑨including sth.＝sth. included
包括某物
⑩Confucianism/k n'fju n z m/n.儒家，儒学，孔子学说
Taoism/'ta z m；'da z m/n.道教，道家
legend/'led nd/n.传说，传奇故事；传奇人物
familiarize oneself/sb. with sth.
使自己/某人熟悉某物
acquire vt.获得，得到
a desire for sth.对某物的渴望
in one's early twenties
在某人二十岁出头时
cover v．盖；覆盖；涉及
encounter/ n'ka nt (r)/vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n．相遇，遭遇，冲突
※have an encounter with与……相遇
nourish/'n r /vt.培养，助长；抚养，滋养
inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事
numerous/'nju m r s/adj.众多的，许多的
be rooted in根源于，植根于
grow up长大成人
glorious/'gl ri s/adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的
boom/bu m/n.(贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣 vi.迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛
stability/st 'b l ti/n.稳定(性)，稳固(性)
tolerant/'t l r nt/adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的
※be tolerant of/towards
对……宽容/容忍的
liberty/'l b ti/n.自由
※at liberty to do sth.
有权做……；有做……的自由
unconstrained/ nk n'stren nd/adj.
不受约束的，自由的
in turn相应地，转而；依次地，轮流地
given prep.考虑到；鉴于
fail to do sth.未能做某事
be impressed by对……印象深刻
vehicle n．媒介，工具，手段；交通工具
vitality/va 't l ti/n.生命力，活力，热情
※breathe vitality into sth.
给……注入活力
distinguish/d 'st gw /vt. & vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众
※distinguish A from B使A有别于B；把A与B区分开
be inseparable from
与……不可分离的/分不开的
exaggeration/ g z d 're n/n.夸张，夸大
metaphor/'met f (r)/n.暗喻，隐喻
representative/ repr 'zent t v/adj.
典型的，有代表性的 n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表
※be representative of代表……
frost/fr st/n.霜；霜冻，严寒天气
cast/kɑ st/vt. (cast, cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n．全体演员；投，抛
mastery n．精通；熟练掌握
※the mastery of对……的熟练掌握
be recognized as被公认为……
owe/ /vt.欠(情)；欠(债)
※owe sb. sth.欠某人某物
debt/det/n.人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务
inspirational adj.启发灵感的；鼓舞人心的
fascinate/'f s ne t/vt. & vi.深深吸引，迷住
※be fascinated by被……所吸引
entitle/ n'ta tl/vt. (usually passive)给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格
[汉语译文]
李白及其浪漫主义诗歌
危楼高百尺，
手可摘星辰。
不敢高声语，
恐惊天上人。
(《夜宿山寺》)
相传此诗为李白少年时所作。在这首早期作品中，“恐惊天上人”等诗句想象奇绝，已经展现出一种浪漫主义风格，这一风格后来成为李白诗歌的特色。
李白的浪漫主义风格与其自幼喜读书、好游历不无关联。他五岁就诵读经典，十岁读儒道等诸子百家的著作。他博览群书，从传奇故事到历史典故无所不窥，从而对古代经典文化谙熟于心，更重要的是，他从中汲取了先贤们的智慧。
在强烈的探险欲和游历欲的驱使下，他二十几岁便离家周游，足迹几乎遍及海内。他一路寻访名山大川，见识各地文化风俗。这些旅途见闻培养了他对自然的热爱，也让他诗兴大发，写下了无数浪漫主义的作品。
李白的浪漫主义风格亦源于他所处的社会历史环境。他成长于经济繁荣、国家安定的盛唐。这种开放而包容的氛围，使李白得以率性放达，养成了自由不羁的性格，进而极大地影响了他的诗歌创作。
有如此的个人阅历和历史背景，李白多数作品皆富浪漫主义色彩就不足为奇了。哪怕再没有文化的读者，也会为诗人丰富的想象力所折服。天上星月、自然景观、传奇人物，他都可借以发挥想象力。同样令人叹服的是李白对强烈情感的恣意抒发，笔下万物都被赋予灵性，这也让他与其他的山水诗人迥然有别。这些特征也离不开他对夸张、比喻等艺术手法的广泛运用。下面这首诗是他五十多岁时所作，是其浪漫主义风格的集中体现：
白发三千丈，
缘愁似个长。
不知明镜里，
何处得秋霜？
(《秋浦歌》)
超尘脱俗的想象，强烈情感的自由抒发，以及对语言的精通，使李白被公认为是继屈原之后最伟大的浪漫主义诗人。他的诗篇滋养着中国乃至海外一代又一代诗人。其中一位便是20世纪美国诗人埃兹拉·庞德。他倾慕李白的诗，选译了多首收入他1915年出版的诗歌集《华夏集》中。时至今日，李白的诗歌仍然为世界各地无数读者所喜爱。
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1)dare vi. & vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)
①dare用作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，主要用于疑问句、否定句、条件句或whether引导的从句。
dare not (daren't) do 不敢做……
Dare I/you/he... 我/你(们)/他敢……吗？
How dare you... 你竟敢……？
I dare say... 我想……；我敢说……
Dare you tell her the truth？你敢告诉她真相吗？
—Dare you catch the mouse？你敢抓那只老鼠吗？
—I daren't do that.我不敢抓。
How dare she do the thing like that to me
她怎么敢对我做那种事？
I daren't ask her for a rise.我不敢要求她加薪。
If you dare say that to our teacher, I would vote for you.
如果你敢向我们的老师说那件事，我就投你一票。
②dare用作实义动词时，其后的动词不定式可带to也可不带to，且dare有人称和数以及时态的变化。
　　　　
dare (to) do 敢做……
don't/doesn't dare (to) do 不敢做……
I dare (to) jump down from the top of the wall.
我敢从那个墙头上跳下来。
She doesn't dare (to) meet her teacher's eyes.
她不敢与老师对视。
I wonder how he dares (to) say such things.
我纳闷他怎么敢说出这样的话来。
Did he dare (to) tell her？他敢告诉她吗？
We don't dare (to) say anything.我们什么也不敢说。
I've never dared (to) ask her.我从来不敢问她。
③dare的过去式问题
dare用作情态动词时可以有过去式dared，也可以直接用dare表示过去式。
That was why he dare(d) do so.那就是他敢这样做的原因。
Mother dare(d) not tell Father she'd given away his old jacket.
母亲不敢告诉父亲她把他的旧上衣送人了。
名师点津
①dare用作实义动词时，后接动词要用不定式，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
②dare用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词要用动词原形。
③有类似用法的词还有need。
即学即练　单句语法填空/单句写作
①I dare not ____________ (look) my father in the eye when he is angry.
②Afraid of being beaten by my father，I dared not ____________ (go) back home after school.
③Dare you ____________ (enter) the dark house at night
④He didn't dare ____________ (tell) her what had happened in case she felt sad.
⑤He ____________ (dare) me to jump into the pool.
⑥I ____________ (dare) say it's true.
⑦你怎么敢说这种事？
____________________________________________________________
2)striking adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的　strike vt. & vi. (struck, struck)(灾难或疾病)侵袭，爆发；敲(钟)；划(火柴)　vt.打，击；撞，碰；突然想到；给某人以某种印象)
(1)a striking feature 显著的特征
a dark man with striking features
一名相貌出众、肤色黝黑的男子
a striking contrast between wealth and poverty
显著的贫富差异
It is striking that... 显然……
(2)be struck by 被……撞击/打动
be struck by lightning 被闪电击中
strike sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位
击打某人的……(不可用物主代词代替the)
strike sb.in the face/on the head
打某人的脸/头
某人突然想到……
(＝It hit/occurred to sb. that...)
(3)strike the hour 整点报时
strike a match 划火柴
earthquake-stricken areas 地震灾区
poverty-stricken families 贫困家庭
These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I began using a smartphone. 自从我开始使用智能手机以来，互联网的这些影响变得更加引人注目。
He's good-looking, but he's not as striking as his brother.
他长得很帅，但他不像他哥哥那样引人注目。
It is striking that no research on the problem is occurring.
显然没有针对该问题进行的研究。
The ship struck a rock.船触礁了。
The tree was struck by lightning.这棵树遭到了雷击。
The stone struck her on the forehead.石头击中了她的额头。
The clock has just struck three.时钟刚刚敲过三点。
It struck me that/hit me that/occurred to me that the band which I adored would perform at the Silver Palace the next day.
我突然想起我崇拜的乐队第二天将在银宫演出。
语境助记
These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours．
这些雕塑被描绘成色彩鲜明的彩虹。
即学即练　单句语法填空/一句多译/单句写作
①There's a ____________ (strike) contrast between what he does and what he says.
②It was ____________ (strike) that the public were even more concerned about the climate change.
③What ____________ (strike) me most was the beauty of the West Lake.
④She was so angry as to strike him ____________ the face.
⑤他打我的头。
He struck me ____________ the head.
＝He struck ____________ head.
⑥趁热打铁。
_______________________________
⑦他抓住我的胳膊。
_______________________________
⑧时钟敲了12下。
_______________________________
3)contribute to 为……做出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成；有助于，导致)
(1)contribute to the Red Cross 向红十字会捐款
contribute to a literary journal 向一个文学刊物投稿
(2)contribute...to... 为……贡献/捐献……
contribute money to the flood-stricken area
向洪灾区捐款
contribute time to the activity 把时间花在活动上
contribute articles to the magazine 给该杂志投稿
(3)contribution n. 贡献；捐款，捐献物；稿件
Would you like to contribute to our collection
你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗？
Does smoking contribute to lung cancer？吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
We contributed ￡ 5，000 to the earthquake fund.
我们向地震基金会捐赠了5 000英镑。
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了一些文章。
He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project.
他对这个项目的成功贡献良多。
It is our duty to make contributions to our motherland.
为祖国做出贡献是我们的责任。
联想拓展
“导致，引起”的多种表达：
cause; result in; bring about; lead to
即学即练　单句语法填空
①I believe that each of us can contribute ____________ the future of the world.
②Learning to relax by whichever method suits you best is a positive way of ____________ (contribute) to your overall good health.
③In what ways do you think you can make a ____________ (contribute) to our company
④Economists have made important ____________ (contribute) to the field of financial and corporate economics.
4)familiarize oneself with 使自己熟悉/了解/通晓……)
(1)familiarize sb. with sth. 使某人熟悉/了解/通晓某物
familiarize new employees with office procedures
使新员工熟悉办公程序
familiarize students with good literature
使学生熟悉好的文学作品
familiarize myself with the subject
使我自己熟悉这一学科
(2)familiar adj. 熟悉的，常见的
be familiar with... (人)对……熟悉
be familiar to sb. (物)对某人来说熟悉/为……熟知
(3)familiarity n. 熟悉，通晓
We spent a few minutes familiarizing ourselves with the day's schedule.
我们花了几分钟来熟悉当天的日程安排。
The goal of the experiment was to familiarize the people with the new laws.
该实验的目的是使人们熟悉新的规章。
The smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery.
住在面包店附近的人都很熟悉这种气味。
Are you familiar with the computer software they use
你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？
He talked of other cultures as if they were more familiar to him than his own.
他谈起其他文化就好像它们对于他来说比他自己的文化还熟悉。
语境助记
We are all familiar with the professor, who has familiarized himself with the language of this country in half a year, and his familiarity with the culture of this country will help his work a lot.
我们都熟悉这位教授，他用了半年的时间熟悉了这个国家的语言，并且他熟悉这个国家的文化将对他的工作有很大帮助。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①On arriving there, you should try to familiarize yourself ____________ local conditions and laws.
②With the final examination drawing near, we must ____________ (familiar) ourselves with it from now on.
③I use Christmas as an example because it is familiar ____________ most readers.
④The theme park you are probably most familiar ____________ is Disneyland.
⑤She addressed me with an easy ____________ (familiar) that made me feel at home.
5)encounter vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到　n．相遇，遭遇，冲突)
(1)encounter problems/difficulties 遇到问题/困难
encounter an old friend 遇到一位老朋友
(2)a chance encounter 偶然相遇
a close encounter with... 与……近距离的相遇/接触
have an encounter with 与……相遇
She happened, while she was thus engaged, to encounter the face of the man on deck.
在她这样忙着的时候，偶然碰到在舱面上那个男人的面孔。
They encountered serious problems when two members of the team were injured.
当两名队员受伤时，他们遇到了严重的问题。
Making the best of this close encounter, I took some pictures of the bear.
充分利用这次近距离的相遇，我拍了一些熊的照片。
I had a frightening encounter with a poisonous snake.
我曾遇到过一条毒蛇，吓得我要命。
拓展
come across偶然遇到；偶然发现
run into sb.偶然遇见某人，碰到某人
联想拓展
①表示“偶然遇见，碰见”的短语有：come across, run across, run into。
Perhaps I shall come across my old friend in France.
也许我会在法国碰见我的老朋友。
②表示“遇到(困难)”的短语有：run into, meet with。
The company ran into financial difficulties almost immediately.
公司几乎立刻就陷入了财务困境。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①I ____________ (encounter) many difficulties when I first started this job.
②His first encounter ____________ Wilson was back in 2021.
③Bernstein began training the young musician after ____________ chance encounter at a concert.
6)tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的　tolerate vt.忍受　tolerance n．宽容，容忍)
be tolerant towards/to 对……宽容
be tolerant of sth. 对……容忍；能耐……的
a tolerant society 宽容的社会
trees that are tolerant of sea winds 耐海风的树木
have tolerance of/for 对……宽容/容忍
tolerance to sth. 对某事物的忍耐力
tolerance to cold 耐寒力
tolerate (doing) sth. 忍受(做)某事
He has a very tolerant attitude towards other opposing ideas.
他对其他反对的观点持非常宽容的态度。
They need to be tolerant of different points of view.
他们需要容忍不同的观点。
The plants are tolerant of drought.这些植物耐旱。
They don't have the best service, but I can tolerate it because I love their food.
他们的服务不是最好的，但我能忍受，因为我喜欢他们的食物。
I can't tolerate lying，as is known to you.你知道，我不能容忍说谎。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Luckily, my parents were tolerant ____________ my choice of music.
②I won't tolerate ____________ (lie) to me.
③My ____________ (tolerant) of heat is considerably greater after having lived in the Far East for a couple of years.
④她的父母十分宽容，但她有时也让他们忍无可忍。
Her parents are very ______________________， but sometimes she pushes them too far.
7)distinguish vt. & vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众)
(1)distinguish...from... 使……有别于……；区分……与……
distinguish between...and... 把……和……区分开来
distinguish oneself 使自己出众/扬名/受人青睐
distinguish oneself as 作为……而出众/扬名/著名
(2)distinguished adj. 有尊严的，高贵的；卓越的；杰出的
be distinguished for
(＝be famous/well-known for) 因……而著称；以……而出众
be distinguished as
(＝be famous/well-known as) 作为……而著名
Speech distinguishes human beings from the other animals.
言语能力将人类与其他动物区别开来。
We should distinguish between good and evil.我们应分清善恶。
Over the next few years he distinguished himself as a leading history scholar.
在随后的几年中，他作为历史学的权威学者而享有盛誉。
He was the most distinguished scholar in this field.
他是这一领域最为著名的学者。
He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.
他因他的经济学知识而出众。
语境助记
This task's interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
这项任务的互相依赖使棒球与足球和篮球不同。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a ____________ (distinguish) writer.
②The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right ________ wrong.
③Research suggests that babies learn to see by distinguishing ____________ areas of light and dark.
8)representative adj.典型的，有代表性的　n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表)
(1)be representative of 代表……
a representative of ……的代表
a representative of the UN 联合国代表
an elected representative of the people 民选代表
a union representative 工会代表
(2)represent v. 描绘；象征；代表
represent...as... 把……描述成……
The exhibition is representative of modern art.
这个展出代表了现代艺术。
Beijing Opera is the most representative of traditional Chinese dramatic art forms and the most influential Chinese opera form.
京剧是中国最具代表性的传统戏剧艺术形式，也是中国最具影响力的戏曲形式。
They will meet with representatives from industry and the government next Tuesday.
下周二他们将与产业界和政府的代表会面。
I have been selected to represent my school to participate in the debate.我被选出来代表学校参加辩论。
The article represents the millionaire as a simple family man.
这篇文章把这位百万富翁描述成一个简朴的居家男人。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He is a ____________ (represent) for a large international company.
②He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as ____________ representative.
③All shops are visited regularly by one of our sales ____________ (representative).
④The painting is not representative ____________ his works of the period.
⑤Paintings ____________ (represent) religious themes were common in earlier times.
⑥New York ____________ (represent) everything that's great about America.
⑦The popular press tends to represent him ____________ an environmental leader.
9)cast vt.(cast, cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色　n．全体演员；投，抛)
cast a shadow over/on sth. 给某事物蒙上了一层阴影；向……投下一片阴影
cast light on/upon 使……真相大白
cast doubt(s) on/upon sth. 对某事产生怀疑
cast a vote 投票
cast a net 撒网
cast sb. as... 选定某人扮演
be cast down 沮丧；不愉快
members of the cast 剧组成员
cast aside 抛弃，丢弃
a cast list 演员表
cast off 解缆；丢弃，抛弃
The bad news cast a shadow over us.
这个坏消息给我们蒙上了一层阴影。
The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton has cast light on why they became extinct.
恐龙骨骼的发现使它们灭绝的原因真相大白。
New evidence has cast doubt on the sentence.
新的证据使人对判决产生了怀疑。
The fisherman cast his net into the water.渔夫把网撒到水里。
To my surprise, the director has cast me as a scientist.
令我惊讶的是，导演选定我扮演一位科学家。
People not only cast online votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”．
人们不仅自己在网上投票，还力劝别人为“最美教师”和“最萌宝宝”这样的比赛投票。
特别提示
当cast意为“全体演员”且作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数，若强调整体中的每一个成员都……，谓语动词用复数。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The moon cast a bright light ____________ the garden.
②People complained about the shadows ____________ (cast) by the new skyscraper.
③A researcher has now cast light ____________ the mystery of why the animals die.
④However, the new results cast doubt ____________ both explanations.
⑤她远离了以前的朋友，开始了全新的生活。
She ______________________ her former friends and started a new life.
10)blame vt.把……归咎于，责怪，指责　n．责任，责备，指责)
(1)blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
be to blame for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事应受责备；对(做)某事负有责任
(2)take/bear/accept the blame for sth. 承担某事的责任
lay/put the blame (for sth.) on sb. 把(某事的)责任归咎于/推到某人身上
警示：be to blame是不定式的主动形式表被动意义
Don't blame him for breaking that vase；after all，he is a child.
别怪他打碎了那个花瓶，他毕竟是个孩子。
They blamed the failure of the business on the economic downturn.
他们把生意的失败归咎于经济衰退。
He was to blame for the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road.
他应该对事故负责，因为他开车逆行了。
We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.
我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
Health officials put the blame for the disease on poor housing conditions.
卫生官员们将该疾病归咎于恶劣的住房条件。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Some people blame the smartphone ________ the tragedy, yet in fact people's weak self-control and self-discipline are ________ (blame).
②Don't always blame your own failure ____________ others. You should take the blame ____________ it.
③____________ (blame) for the accident, the driver couldn't get away with it.
④Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame ____________ the alarm clock.
⑤他因这次巨大的错误受到了责备，但他把它归咎于别人。
He ______________________ the big mistake，but he __________________ others.
11)glorious adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的　glory n．[U]光荣，荣誉；[C]辉煌的成就，值得骄傲的事)
(1)a glorious victory 辉煌的胜利
a glorious chapter in our country's history
我国历史上光辉的一页
a glorious sunset 瑰丽的晚霞
(2)win glory for 为……赢得荣誉
for the glory of 为了……的荣誉
moment of glory 荣耀的时刻
past/former glory 昔日的辉煌
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is a glorious piece of music.
贝多芬的《第九交响曲》是一首辉煌的乐曲。
He had a long and glorious military career.
他有漫长而光荣的军旅生涯。
即学即练　完成句子
①为了给祖国争光，运动员们正在刻苦训练。
The athletes are training hard to ________________ their homeland.
②为了学校的荣誉，他参加了比赛。
He took part in the competition ________________ his school.
12)make allowance for体谅；考虑到，估计到(＝allow for)　allowance n．津贴，补助；限额；零花钱)
(1)make allowance(s) for extra staff when needed
必要时考虑增派员工
(2)an allowance of $20 a day 每天20美元补贴
a clothing/living/travel allowance 服装/生活/交通补贴
a baggage allowance of 20 kilos 行李限重20千克
give sb. allowance of $ 30 a month 每月给某人30美元零花钱
make an allowance of...for sth. 为……留有……余地/为……打……折扣
Dad is under pressure—you have to make allowance for him.
爸爸有压力——你得体谅他。
The plan makes no allowance for people working at different rates.
这个计划没有把人们工作速度不同考虑在内。
The store makes an allowance of 5% for cash payment
本店为付现款者留有5%的折扣。/本店现款打九五折。
即学即练　完成句子
①你如果有资格领取疾病津贴，必须向雇主申请索要。
If you are entitled to ________________， you must claim it from your employer.
②店主同意付款打九折。
The shopowner ____________________________.
第二版块|重点句型解构
1)(教材原句)Li Bai's romantic style was also deeply rooted in the social and historical context in which he lived. 李白的浪漫主义风格亦深植于他所处的社会历史环境中。
[句式分析]　本句是复合句。句中in which he lived是“介词in＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，修饰the social and historical context。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
(1)引导定语从句的关系代词不仅可以作动词的宾语，还可以作介词的宾语，若将介词提至关系代词之前，便形成了“介词＋关系代词”结构，该结构可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，此结构中的关系代词只用whom(先行词指人)，which(先行词指物)和whose(表示所属关系，先行词既可指人也可指物)。
The official to whom we applied for a permit was very kind.
我们向他申请许可证的那位官员非常友好。
Have you found the book on which I spent ￡10
你找到那本我花10英镑买的书了吗？
Our English teacher，with whose help we have made great progress in English，has completed thirty years of teaching.
我们的英语老师完成了三十年的教学，在他的帮助下，我们的英语取得了很大的进步。
(2)介词的选择依据：一是根据定语从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配，二是根据先行词与定语从句中动词的关系以及所表达的含义。
a．根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，该谓语动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。
In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb. for help).
在黑暗的街上，她找不到一个可以求助的人。
The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher.(shake hands with sb.)
你刚才握手的那个人是我们的英语老师。
b．根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，该形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。
The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.(be sure about)
卡尔·马克思不确定的两样东西是语法和一些习语。
特别提示
(1)根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。
I'll never forget the day on which (＝when) I joined the army.
我永远不会忘记我参军的那一天。
The factory in which (＝where) his father works is far away from my hometown.
他父亲工作的工厂离我的家乡很远。
I don't know the reason for which (＝why) he was late.
我不知道他迟到的原因。
(2)根据句子的意思确定介词。
This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
这就是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的飞行员。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是救了我儿子的飞行员。
名师点津
在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略；但若介词后置，则可用that/who代替which/whom，也可省略关系代词。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①The English play in ____________ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
②This is the student for ____________ I bought the book.
③A harvester is a machine with ____________ we harvest crops.
④I don't think the number of people ____________ whom this happens is very large.
⑤The man, ____________ whom I learned the news, is an engineer.
⑥This is the reason ____________ which he was late for school.
⑦The man ____________ whom the wolf was shot is a good hunter.
⑧We have many labs, the largest of ____________ was built last year.
⑨He mentioned a book, __________ title I have forgotten.
⑩Those foreign teachers, most of ____________ have never been to China before, are enjoying their work here very much.
2)(教材原句)Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings, which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.
同样让人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。
[句式分析]　本句是复合句。主句Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings是完全倒装句，属于表语位于句首的完全倒装，这也是为了使句子紧凑，避免头重脚轻，因为主句后面是两个which引导的定语从句修饰主句中的主语Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings.
表语提前引起的完全倒装
有时为了强调表语，需要将表语置于句首，句子完全倒装，倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”，表语可以是形容词、介词短语、分词等。
Happy are those who are contented.知足者常乐。
Hidden in a tiny cabinet were four Mother's Day poems I'd written for her in the 1960s.
在一个小柜子里，藏着四首我在20世纪60年代为她写的母亲节诗。
Attending the opening ceremony of the Expo was the President，where he announced new measures to further expand opening-up.
主席出席了博览会开幕式，宣布了进一步扩大开放的新举措。
On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调，等着用船运到其他城市去。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①____________ (amaze) were all the guests present when the clown appeared on the stage.
②____________ (stand) inside were many young people who were out of job recently.
③他们随心所欲的日子一去不复返了。
____________________________ when they could do what they liked.
④在这些货物中有圣诞树、花、蜡烛和玩具。
____________________________ Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
⑤窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
____________________________ a young man with a magazine in his hand.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There was something, ____________ (胆敢) I say it, a little unusual about him.
2．In ____________ (显著的) contrast to their brothers, the girls were both intelligent and adorable.
3．This election campaign has been ____________ (是……的特征) by violence.
4．Every day of our lives we ____________ (遭遇) major and minor sorrows of one kind or another.
5．This paper introduces a practical technique of enhancing accuracy and ____________ (稳定性).
6．We believe that students of enthusiastic schools will have more ____________ (宽容的) attitudes.
7．Banks will go from being ____________ (不受约束的) by their balance sheets to being caged by them.
8．It is reasonable to expect our television programmes to be more ____________ (代表) of Chinese society.
9．Ten degrees of ____________ (霜) had frozen the lock on the car.
10．The setting sun ____________ (投射) an orange glow over the mountains this morning.
11．I ____________ (归功于) the recovery of my hearing to this remarkable new technique.
12．A loan was arranged to pay back existing ____________ (债务).
13．It was a dessert that had ____________ (深深吸引) him since he was a boy.
14．We guarantee that our experience in foreign trade and marketing will ____________ (使享有权利) us to your confidence.
15．Nothing could relieve my terrible sense of ______________ (指责).
Ⅱ.短语填空
familiarize...with, be representative of, a chance encounter with, be fascinated by, be tolerant of, at liberty, contribute to, be rooted in, distinguish between...and..., run into
1．I am sure that this meeting will apparently ____________ the development of peace and security all over the world.
2．The goal of the lecture was to ________ the people ________ the new perspective.
3．I had ____________ a legend from India this morning in the gallery.
4．It's worth asking whether that image ____________ reality.
5．He ____________ different perspectives and regions.
6．You are ____________ to employ my cycle, but you should keep it in good condition.
7．He could no longer ________ illusion ________ reality.
8．The exact perspectives vary, but this post by Eli Dourado ____________ the crowds.
9．We'll ____________ debt if you spend apparently more than our income.
10．Although it is raw material, people ____________ it.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Both companies have characterized the relationship ____________ pleasant.
2．You'll need time to familiarize yourself ____________ the local surroundings.
3．She was the most remarkable woman he had ever __________ (encounter).
4．His analysis was rooted ____________ a somewhat subjective reading of Austrian history.
5．The award of the Nobel Prize has crowned a ____________ (glory) career in physics.
6．China has contributed to the ____________ (stable) and balance of global economic development.
7．There is lowered pain ____________ (tolerant), lowered resistance to infection.
8．She has a powerful and ____________ (constrained) emotion.
9．It is apparent that learning about laws can help teenagers distinguish right ____________ wrong.
10．The movie directed by a famous director ____________ (cast) in a distant rural area at present.
11．It's ____________ (fascinate) to see how different people overcome the difficulties.
12．I do not blame them for ____________ (try) to make some extraordinary money.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．这个计划被放弃了，因为它没有考虑到没有自行车的学生。
The plan was abandoned because ______________________. (allowance)
2．我在爬树时摔了下来，胳膊受了伤。我不敢再试了。
When climbing the tree I fell down and got my arm hurt, ________________________. (dare)
3．理性消费，这样你就不会负债。
Make rational spending choices so that you won't ________________________. (debt)
4．尤其受欢迎的是游泳，这可能是最好的全身运动方式。
________________________，which is probably the best all-round exercise.(表语前置引起的倒装)
5．他幻想有一个没有战争的世界。
He had a vision of a world ______________________________．
Section C　Extended reading & Project & Further study
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．dare　2.encounter　3.nourish　4.boom　5.metaphor
6．cast; cast; cast　7.owe　8.debt　9.entitle　10.blame
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．居民，居住者； 居住，栖身； 住所，住宅　2.striking; strike; struck; struck　3.characterize; characterise; character
4．儒家，儒学，孔子学说； 孔子　5.道教，道家； 道士，道教徒
6．legend; legendary　7.numerous; number　8.glorious; glory　9.stability; stable　10.tolerant; tolerate; be tolerant of　11.liberty; liberal　12.unconstrained; constrain
13．vitality; vital　14.distinguish; distinguished　15.夸张，夸大； 夸张，夸大，言过其实
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．reach out for　2.for fear of　3.contribute to
4．familiarize oneself/sb. with sth.　5.be rooted in
6．be impressed by　7.distinguish A from B
8．be representative of　9.be recognized as
10．be fascinated by
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．in which he lived　2.Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．C　2.A　3.A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．was written　2.to　3.reading　4.acquired　5.to write
6．which　7.a　8.feelings　9.greatest　10.and
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①look　②go　③enter　④(to) tell　⑤dares　⑥dare　⑦How dare you say such a thing
2．①striking　②striking　③struck　④in　⑤on; my　⑥Strike while the iron is hot.　⑦He caught me by the arm.
⑧The clock/It is striking twelve.
3．①to　②contributing　③contribution　④contributions
4．①with　②familiarize　③to　④with　⑤familiarity
5．①encountered　②with　③a
6．①of/to/towards　②lying　③tolerance　④tolerant
7．①distinguished　②from　③between
8．①representative　②a　③representatives　④of
⑤representing　⑥represents　⑦as
9．①over/on　②cast　③on/upon　④on/upon　⑤cast off
10．①for; to blame　②on; for　③Blamed　④on　⑤was blamed for; blamed it on
11．①win glory for　②for the glory of
12．①sickness allowance　②makes allowance of 10% for cash payment
第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①which　②whom　③which　④to　⑤from　⑥for　⑦by
⑧which　⑨whose　⑩whom
2．①Amazed　②Standing　③Gone are the days　④Among the goods are　⑤By the window sat
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．dare　2.striking　3.characterized　4.encounter
5．stability　6.tolerant　7.liberty　8.representative　9.frost
10．cast　11.owe　12.debts　13.fascinated　14.entitle　15.blame
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．contribute to　2.familiarize; with　3.a chance encounter with
4．is rooted in　5.is tolerant of　6.at liberty　7.distinguish between; and　8.is representative of　9.run into　10.are fascinated by
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．as　2.with　3.encountered　4.in　5.glorious　6.stability
7．tolerance　8.unconstrained　9.from　10.is being cast　11.fascinating　12.trying
Ⅳ. 完成句子
1．it didn't make allowance for students without a bike
2．I dare not try again或I didn't dare (to) try again
3．go/get/run/fall into debt
4．Especially popular is swimming
5．in which there would be no wars

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