资源简介

Section C　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ adj. 原子能的；原子的
2．____________ n. 炸弹；核武器
vt. 轰炸
3．____________ n. 罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处
adj. 恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的
4．____________ n. 赞扬，认可；信用
vt. 存入金额；把……归于
5．____________ vt. 取消，使无效；否认，否定
6．____________ adj. 脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的
n. 知识分子，脑力劳动者
7．____________ n. 神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品
8．____________ n. 权威，权力；官方
9．____________ n. 国籍；民族
10．____________ n. 进化；演变，发展
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.牵涉，影响；包含；(使)参加→________ n．参与；加入→________ adj.参与的；卷入的
2．________ adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→________ n．科学→________ n．科学家
3．________ adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的　n.品行，道德；寓意→________ n．道德
4．________ vt.& vi.应用；涂，申请；有关→______ n．应用，申请(书)；应用程序；涂抹
5．________ n．无知→________ adj.不了解的，无知的；很无礼的
6．________ n．自由→________ adj.免费的；自由的；不受限制的　v．使自由；解放→________ adv.自由地
7．________ vt.& vi.准许，许可，允许；使有可能　n．许可证→________ n．允许；许可
8．________ n．责任，负责；职责，义务→________ adj.负责任的，有责任心的
9．________ vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报→________ n．声明；宣告
10．________ vt.出版，发行；发表；公布→________ n．[U]出版业→________ n．[C]出版者；出版商；出版社
11．________ n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→________ v.结婚；娶；嫁
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 从事，致力于
2．________________ 使……处于危险之中
3．________________ 换句话说
4．________________ 致力于……
5．________________ 归功于……
6．________________ 给……提供……
7．________________ 使某人失望
8．________________ 进行一次新的探索
9．________________ 促使，促成
10．________________ 关于，至于
11．________________ 不肯定，不确定
12．________________ 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然的
13．________________ 因为……而成立(产生)
14．________________ 给……留空间
15．________________ ……的成果，成效，结果
16．________________ 提出，提议，建议
17．________________ 某人下定决心做某事
18．________________ 结婚
19．________________ 列出……的清单
20．________________ 为……做出巨大贡献
Ⅳ.重点句型
科学的第一个价值是大家都熟悉的。
The first way __________________ is familiar to everyone.
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.语篇结构
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What does the word “evil” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．Crime. B．Impact.
C．Mistake. D．Disadvantage.
2．When we make things beneficial to human beings, whose credit is it
A．Merely our moral choice.
B．The great power of science.
C．The instructions of applying science.
D．Science itself and the moral position in favor of mankind.
3．What can we learn from the text
A．People should avoid ignorance in science.
B．Mystery can lead to strangeness in science.
C．Poets and dreamers have the wildest imaginations.
D．Some kinds of science represents destruction to humans.
4．What is the main idea of the last two paragraphs
A．Ignorance and uncertainty are essential in science.
B．Great progress in science is the fruit of freedom of thought.
C．The struggle against authority is important to scientific progress.
D．Our freedom to doubt should be ensured.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
What is the value of science
The first value is that scientific knowledge enables us 1.________ (do) and make all kinds of things. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—2.________ it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power 3.________ (have) obvious value. Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us 4.________. Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all 5.________ (sort) of things which are more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could. Let's turn to a 6.________ (three) value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with 7.________ (ignorant) and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is 8.________ (great) important. Scientists take it for granted that 9.________ is perfectly possible to live and not know.
10．________ (know) the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, we as scientists have the responsibility to declare the value of this freedom.
教材助读·开放课堂
[词汇注释]
①work on从事
②atomic/ 't m k/adj.原子能的；原子的
③bomb/b m/n.炸弹；核武器　vt.轰炸
atomic bomb原子弹
④put...at risk把……置于危险之中
⑤evil/'i vl/n.罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处　adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的
⑥involve/ n'v lv/vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加
involved adj.参与；有关联的；关系密切的；复杂的
⑦put another way换句话说
in other words换句话说
⑧devote oneself to致力于
(＝be devoted to)(to是介词)
⑨sth. is familiar to sb.某物被某人所熟悉
sb. is familiar with sth.某人熟悉某物
⑩scientific/ sa n't f k/adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的
enable sb. to do sth.使某人能够做某事
credit/'kred t/n.赞扬，认可；信用　vt.存入金额；把……归于
moral/'m r l/adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的　n．品行，道德；寓意
lead sb. to引导某人通往……
do good有好处，有用处
do bad有坏处，没有益处
either...or...要么……要么……(连接两个并列的成分)
apply/ 'pla /vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关
negate/n 'ɡe t/vt.取消，使无效；否认，否定
intellectual/ nt 'lekt u l/adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的
n．知识分子，脑力劳动者
provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物(＝provide sth. for sb.)
mystery/'m stri/n.神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品
again and again再三地，反复地，不断地
同义短语：over and over
over and again
over and over again
let sb. down使某人失望
turn over each new stone翻开每一块新的石头；进行每一次新的探索
unimagined adj.难以想象的，无法想象的，想象不到的
strangeness n．陌生，冷淡，奇异，奇妙
thanks to多亏，幸亏
fantastic adj.奇异的，古怪的，异想天开的
turn to转向；求助于
ignorance/' ɡn r ns/n.无知
ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的
uncertainty n．不确定性，无把握
certainty n．确定性；确实的事
be of great importance很重要
be＋of＋抽象名词
the answer to ……的答案(to是介词)
the key to...……的钥匙/答案
the entrance to...……的入口
as to关于，至于
(be) in doubt不肯定，拿不准
take it for granted/'ɡrɑ nt d/想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然
freedom/'fri d m/n.自由
fight for freedom为自由而战
gain/win one's freedom获得自由
have the freedom to do sth.有做某事的自由
authority/ 'θ r ti/n.权威，权力；官方
leave room for留下……的余地；为……留余地
permit/p 'm t/vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能
/'p m t/n.许可证
permit doing sth.允许做某事
permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
responsibility/r sp ns 'b l ti/n．责任，负责；职责，义务
the fruit of sth.是……的成果
declare/d 'kle (r)/vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报
declare...to be...将……宣布为……
not...but...不是……而是……
[教材原文]
The Value of Science
When I was younger, I thought science would make good things for everybody. It was obviously useful; it was good. But then during the war I worked on① the atomic② bomb③. This result of science was obviously very serious—it represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk④. I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil⑤ involved⑥ in science？”
Put another way⑦， what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to⑧—the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things it could do [1] It was a question I had to answer. I thought long and hard about this question, and I will try to answer it in this talk.
The first way in which science is of value is familiar to⑨ everyone: scientific⑩ knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things [2]. Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value—even though the power may be negated by what one does with it.
[1]when引导时间状语从句；what引导宾语从句，作saw的宾语。
[2]in which引导定语从句，修饰the first way, in which在从句中作方式状语。
is of value是“be of＋抽象名词”结构，相当于is valuable。
Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with [3]. When we look at any question deeply enough, we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again . With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still [4]. Never concerned that the answer may let us down ， with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.
[3]省略关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰the intellectual enjoyment。
[4]本句是完全倒装句。正常语序为A deeper, more wonderful mystery comes with more knowledge...。
I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty ， and this experience is of very great importance . When a scientist doesn't know the answer to a problem, he is ignorant. When he has an idea as to what the result is, he is uncertain. And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be, he is still in some doubt .
Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science. In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations [5].
[5]本句的主干是It is our responsibility to declare...to teach...and to demand...。it是形式主语，真正的主语是三个并列的不定式短语。
(Adapted from a public lecture by Richard Feynman, an American scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965)
[汉语译文]
科学的价值
在我还很年轻的时候，我以为科学会给每个人都带来好处。科学显然是有用的；有好的一面。但随后在战争期间，我从事了原子弹的研究。这个科学的成果又明摆着有很大危险性——它意味着人的毁灭，并使我们的未来岌岌可危。我不得不扪心自问：“科学之中是不是也包含罪恶？”
换言之，在我发现科学可能造成的恶果之后，我一直投身其中的科学，我曾经的挚爱，价值何在？这是一个我不得不回答的问题。关于这个问题，我苦思冥想了很久，我将试着在这次演讲中给出解答。
科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详：科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事，造不同种类的东西。当然，如果我们做了好事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。科学知识是一种让我们可以行善也可以作恶的力量——但是该如何运用，它并未自带说明书。这样的力量其价值显而易见，尽管，这力量会被某人用它所做的事否定。
科学的另一种价值在于它能够给予我们以智力的享受。当我们足够深入地探索某个问题时，我们会感到兴奋和神秘不断地扑面而来。随新知而来的是更深刻、更精妙的奥秘，激励我们更深入地去探究。我们从不担心答案会令人失望，带着愉悦和信心，我们翻开每一块新的石头去发现意想不到的奇妙，它们指向更多精妙的问题与奥秘。有赖于在科学上付出的努力，我们在其引领下构想出形形色色的东西，远比过去任何一位诗人和梦想家的想象更加美妙。
现在，我要说到科学的第三种价值。科学家经常会经历无知、怀疑和不确定，而这种经历非常重要。当科学家不知道某个问题的答案时，他是无知的。当他对于结果是什么有主意时，他是不确定的。当他非常确信结果将会怎样时，他仍旧有所怀疑。
如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。但是我们怀疑的自由，脱胎于早年间科学为对抗权威展开的深刻而强硬的斗争。为了进步，我们切不可忘记这场斗争的重要性；我们必须认识到自己的无知，并且为怀疑留出一席之地。要允许我们提问——怀疑——不确定。
作为科学家我们深知伟大的进步是思想自由的成果，我们有责任阐明这种自由的价值；我们有责任教导人们怀疑不可怕，它值得欢迎和探讨；我们更有责任强烈要求拥有这一自由，这就是我们对后世的义务。
(改编自1965年诺贝尔物理学奖得主、美国科学家理查德·费曼的公开演讲)
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1involved adj.参与，有关联的；耗费很多时间，关注的　involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加　involvement n．参与；卷入；插手
(1)involve doing sth. 包括/需要做某事
involve sb./sth. doing sth. 需要某人/某物做某事
involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事
involve oneself in 积极参与
be/get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联
(2)involvement in/with sth. 参与/加入/插手某事
her growing involvement with music 她对音乐的日益投入
her political involvements 她在政治方面的参与
Children can get a lot out of being involved in volunteer work.
孩子们通过参加志愿者工作能学到很多东西。
I was so involved in my book that I didn't hear you knock.
我全神贯注在看书，没听到你敲门。
We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebrations.
我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。
Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending quite a lot of time with students.
米歇尔找到了一份高中教师的工作，(这份工作)需要花很多时间和学生在一起。
语境助记
The teacher's involvement in the game involed many students in it. Now more and more people are involved in running.
这位老师对比赛的参与让很多学生参与进来。现在越来越多的人开始跑步了。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①150 participants from three grades were involved ________ the race.
②Carrying out the research on the chimpanzee will involve ________ (live) in the jungle for several years.
③Our school proposes that students should involve ________ (they) in community activities where they can gain experience of growth.
④All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting ________ (involve).
2 credit n．[U]认可，赞扬，称赞；　[U，C]贷款，借款；　[U]信用，信誉；　[U]赊购，赊欠；　[C]学分　vt.存入金额；把……归于
(1)a credit to sb./sth. 为……赢得荣誉的人或物
give sb. credit for... 为……而称赞某人
(2)do sb. credit＝do credit to sb. 使某人值得赞扬或表扬
(3)to sb.'s credit 使某人值得赞扬；使某人受尊重
(4)on credit 赊购；赊欠
a credit card 信用卡
Let's give him credit for the success of the project.
我们要将这一项目的成功归功于他。
Your honesty does you great credit.
你的诚实值得大大表扬。
To his credit, Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.
值得赞扬的是，杰克对所发生的事守口如瓶。
The bank refused further credit to the company.
银行拒绝再给那家公司提供贷款。
It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payment may affect your credit.
按时支付电费账单很重要，因为逾期支付可能会影响你的信用。
Nowadays, most new cars are bought on credit.
如今，大多数新汽车都是赊购的。
You must pass the examination to get credits for the course.
你必须通过考试才能获得那门课程的学分。
特别提示
“to sb.'s credit”中的credit为单数，无论sb.是否单数。
即学即练　判断下列句子中credit的含义/完成句子
①During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.________________
②We don't mind who gets the credit as long as we don't get the blame.________________
③Borrowers need to provide the credit history, which the lenders will use as the criteria when evaluating a loan.________________
④值得赞扬的是，尽管天气恶劣，工人们还是设法按时完成了工程。
____________________________， the workers managed to complete the project on time in spite of the bad weather.
3 apply vt.应用，使用；vi. 申请，请求；vt.努力学习，勤奋工作；vt.涂
(1)apply sth. to... 把某物应用于……
be applied to... 被应用于……(to为介词)
(2)apply (to...) for... (向……)申请……
apply to do sth. 申请做某事
(3)apply oneself/one's mind to (doing) sth. 某人致力于/专心于(做)某事
apply one's knowledge to a problem 把知识应用于解决问题
apply oneself to one's work 致力于自己的工作
apply some cream to one's hand 在手上抹些护肤霜
(4)apply...to... 把……涂到……
(5)application n. [C，U]申请，申请表；应用
applicant n. [C]申请人
applied adj. 应用的，实用的
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write.
后来我决定把我先前的经验应用到学习如何读和写上。
The new technology has been applied to farming, which helps increase agricultural production.
这项新技术已被应用于农业，有助于提高农业生产。
Before you travel to a foreign country, you should apply for a passport.
在去外国旅游之前，你应该申请护照。
He applied to two universities and was accepted by both of them.
他向两所大学提出申请，都被录取了。
Over the next months, he applied himself to improving the technique.
在接下来的几个月里，他专心致志地改进这项技术。
Apply the cream evenly over the skin.
将乳霜均匀地涂抹在皮肤上。
Lily graduated from Harvard University a month ago. She applied to a big company for a post last week. The interviewer said her application form was the best among all the applicants and that she was qualified for the job. Lily was very happy and determined to work hard and apply her professional knowledge to her job.
莉莉一个月前从哈佛大学毕业。她上周向一家大公司申请了一个岗位。面试官说她的申请表是所有申请者中最棒的，还说她符合担任这项工作的条件。莉莉很高兴，决心努力工作并把自己的专业知识运用到她的工作中。
拓展
a job application求职申请，求职信
fill in/out an application填写申请表
an application for membership/a loan会员资格/贷款申请
applied science应用科学
即学即练　判断下列句子中apply的含义/单句语法填空
①By the time I saw the job advertised it was already too late to apply.________________
②He wants a job in which he can apply his foreign languages.________________
③Apply the cream to exposed areas every three hours and after swimming.________________
④Yon can solve any problem if you apply yourself to it.________________
⑤Due to the ________ (apply) of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at the early stage.
⑥We should apply theory ________ practice; otherwise, it is no use.
⑦The person who wants to apply ________ the position will be expected to have a good command of English.
⑧After knocking politely at the door, the ________ (apply) entered the office of the general manager.
4 as to 至于，关于
(1)as to＋WH... 至于……
(2)as to＋n./pron./doing 至于/关于……
They have not decided yet as to who will be in charge of the project.
他们还没有决定谁来负责这项工程。
He asked for my advice as to what to do next.
关于接下来要做什么，他征求了我的意见。
As to that technical problem, I will deal with it in detail later.
至于那个技术问题，我以后再详细处理。
We had a delightful weekend in the country. As for/to the traffic, we had no difficulty.
我们在乡下度过了一个愉快的周末。至于交通，我们没有遇到任何困难。
拓展
as for/regards关于；至于
as with正如，和……一样
with respect to关于；至于；就……而言
with regard to至于
in regard to至于
in respect of sth.关于某事，就某事而言
特别提示
(1)as to后面可接从句或“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构。但as for不可以。
(2)as to可用于引出一个与前文有所不同的话题。此时as to可与as for互换。
即学即练　完成句子
①我们把它定在下周六吧。至于我们野餐的地点，由你来决定。
Let's make it next Saturday. ________________________， it's up to you.
②还不能确定他是否会签署这份合同。
There is some doubt ________________________ sign this contract.
③对我来说，我的母亲是我最尊敬的人。
________________________， my mother is the person I respect most.
5 permit vt. 允许，准允　vi.& vt.允许，使有可能　n．[C]许可证
(1)permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit...in/into 允许……进入(……)
(2)permit (one's) doing sth. 准许(某人)做某事
(3)weather/time permitting 天气/时间允许的话
if time/weather permits 如果时间/天气允许的话
(4)permission n. [U]许可，允许
give/grant permission 批准
ask/request/apply for permission 申请/请求许可
have permission (to do sth.) 经许可(做某事)
without (sb.'s) permission 未经(某人的)许可
with (sb.'s) permission 经(某人)许可
The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password.
密码不正确的话，安全系统是不会让你进入的。
His health doesn't permit his travelling with us.
他的健康状况不允许他同我们一 起旅行。
Weather/Time permitting, we will have a picnic in the woods.
天气/时间允许的话，我们将在树林里野餐。
You're not allowed to park here unless you have a permit.
除非你有许可证，否则你不能在这儿停车。
特别提示
permit作动词时，其后可以跟不定式的复合结构(sb. to do)，但不能直接跟不定式，应注意有“be permitted to do sth.”结构。
His parents don't permit him to take his cellphone to the school.
他的父母不允许他把手机带到学校。
Visitors are not permitted to take photographs here.
参观者请勿在这里拍照。
拓展
a fishing/residence/parking permit
钓鱼/居住/停车许可证
apply for a permit申请许可证
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Many shop owners don't permit ________ (park) cars in front of their shops.
②We have arranged to play tennis on Saturday, weather ________ (permit).
③If you don't have a permit, you will not be permitted ________ (drive) a new energy vehicle.
④“Eudora is nine years old and has my ________ (permit) to read any book she wants from the shelves, children or adults，” Mother said.
⑤They were taken to the police station as they had entered the area _______________________(未经允许).
⑥Even though his father didn't ________________________ (允许他加入) the school football team, he did it finally.
6 responsibility n．[C，U]责任，负责；职责，义务　responsible adj.负有责任的，应承担责任的；有责任心的　responsibly adv.负责任地
(1)a sense of responsibility 责任感
on one's own responsibility 自行负责地；自作主张地
(2)take/bear/shoulder responsibility for... 对……负责
take/assume overall responsibility for 对……全面负责
(3)take on responsibilities 承担责任
claim responsibility (for sth.) 声称(对某事)负责
(4)It is one's responsibility to do sth. 某人有责任做某事
(5)be responsible to sb. 对某人负责
be responsible for (doing) sth. 负责(做)某事，对(做)某事负责
拓展：irresponsible adj. 不负责任的(ir-为否定前缀)
He feels a strong sense of responsibility towards his family.
他对他的家庭有很强的责任感。
After careful consideration, we think that Allan has got to take responsibility for the failure of the deal.
经过认真的考虑，我们认为艾伦必须为交易的失败负责。
It's her responsibility to ensure that the project is finished on time.
她有责任确保工程如期完工。
Miss Wang is responsible for it.
王老师负责这件事。
The driver should be irresponsible for the accident.
司机不应该对这起事故负责。
Mr Black is the manager of the project. He is responsible for the whole project. If anything goes wrong, he will take responsibility for it.
布莱克先生是这个项目的经理，负责整个项目。如果出了任何差错，都由他来负责。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Who is responsible ________ the operation of such driverless cars is not clear among car makers, consumers(消费者) and lawyers.
②It's not only a great ________ (responsible) but a great honor for a city to be chosen to host the Olympic Games.
③AI will surely be a feature of future life, but it must be used ________ (responsible) and in a proper way.
④Born in a traditional family, Rick was brought up to value __________________________ (责任感).
⑤To be successful, the first thing you need to do is ________________________ (承担……责任) your actions.
7 declare vt.宣布，公布；宣称，表明；申报　declaration n．宣布，宣告，公布，公告,declarer n．宣告者，宣誓者
(1)declare war on sb./sth. 对……宣战
(2)declare for/against... 声明支持/反对……
(3)declare (that)... 声称/宣判……
(4)declare sth./sb.(to be)＋n. 宣布某物/某人为……
declare oneself (to be)... 宣称自己……
(5)declare sth./sb.＋adj. 宣布某物/某人……
declare the winner 宣布获胜者
The courageous citizens have declared war on the deadly disease.
英勇的市民已经向这一致命的疾病宣战。
Our government declared for this plan.
我们的政府声明支持这项计划。
She declared (that) it was the best chocolate cake she had ever tasted.
她说那是她吃过的最好的巧克力蛋糕。
The area has been declared (to be) a national park.
这个地区已宣布为国家公园。
The chairman declared the ceremony open; all of us present cheered.
主席宣布仪式开始，我们在场的所有人都欢呼雀跃。
拓展
the declaration of war宣战
issue/sign a declaration发布/签署公告
The government has declared a state of emergency.政府已宣布进入紧急状态。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①The birth rate was expected to increase rapidly after the ________ (declare) of two-child policy, but it didn't change significantly.
②Do you know when Britain declared war ________ Germany during World War Ⅱ？
③It's likely that he will declare ________ the proposal, because he thinks it will threaten people's interests.
④The head teacher declared Wang Fei ________ (be) monitor of the class.
8 put forward提出(计划，建议)；推荐，举荐；拨快(时针指针)；将……提前
(1)put forward a plan/a suggestion/a proposal 提出计划/建议/提议
(2)put away 将……收起，把……放回原处
put aside 忽视，不理睬；储存
put down 放下；写下，记下
put off 推迟，延迟
put out 熄灭，扑灭；公布
put on 穿上，戴上；上演；增加体重；抹，搽，擦
put sb. in control/command/charge 让某人掌舵/指挥/负责
put up with 容忍，忍受
put up 建造；提升；张贴；搭建；举起；提高；留宿
as sb. puts it 正如某人所说
put a stop/an end to sth. 结束某事，停止某事
put sth. right 把某事纠正过来
John put forward his suggestion that we should take a three-day holiday after the examination.
约翰提出了他的建议：我们在考试结束后应放三天假。
She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.”她说：“我们不知道是谁推荐了(外)祖母。当我们接到电话说她被列入候选名单时，我们以为这是个玩笑。”
Put your watch forward；it is five minutes slow.
把你的表往前拨，它慢了5分钟。
We've put forward the date of our wedding by one week.
我们已把婚期提前了一周。
James was keen to put some of the things he had learned into practice.詹姆斯渴望把自己学到的一些知识付诸实践。
语境助记
I can't put up with his putting off doing exercise again and put forward my requirement that he should put away his toys and put on his clothes to take exercise.
我不能容忍他再一次推迟锻炼，于是我提出要求：他应该把他的玩具收起来，穿上衣服去锻炼。
即学即练　判断下列句子中put forward的含义/用put的相关短语完成下面情景
①I was surprised to learn that my manager was putting me forward for the promotion.________________
②The newly elected mayor has put forward a number of plans to deal with the housing crisis in the city.________________
③They put the meeting forward from 4：00 p．m. to 2：30 p．m.________________
④Hearing that the building was on fire, the mayor ________ the phone, ________ his coat and went to the site of the fire. There the firefighters were trying their best to ________ the fire. But some experts ________ a suggestion that the firefighters shouldn't be allowed to get too close to the fire. Because of the big fire, the mayor had to ________ several important meetings. 第二版块|重点句型解构
1 (教材原句)The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone.
科学的第一个价值是大家都熟知的。
[句式分析]　此句中“of value”为“of ＋名词结构”
“of ＋名词”结构
“of＋名词”结构可在句中作表语、后置定语和宾语补足语。该结构可分为两类：
(1)可以转化为同根形容词的：此时，“of＋名词”结构用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义等。这类名词有value, use, importance, help, significance, benefit, beauty等。名词前可用no, some, any, little, much, great等词修饰，用来表示程度。
Dictionaries are of great help (＝very helpful) to English learners. 词典对英语学习者来说是很有帮助的。
In fact, sports can be of great benefit (＝very beneficial) to our health. 事实上，运动对我们的健康会很有益。
(2)不可以转化为形容词的：此时，“of＋名词”结构用来说明句子主语在重量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有color, size, age, height, weight, shape, type, kind, price, quality等，名词前可用different, the same, a(n)等来修饰。
Coins may be of different sizes, weights, shapes, and metals.
硬币可能在大小、重量、形状和(铸造所用的)金属方面有所不同。
These pens are of many different colors.
这些钢笔有许多不同的颜色。
The two rooms are of a size/of the same size.
这两个房间大小一样。
Tom and I are of the same age.
我和汤姆一样大。
特别提示
“of＋名词”和同根形容词的转换如下：
of significance＝significant有重大意义的
of use＝useful有用的
of importance＝important重要的
of value＝valuable宝贵的，很有用的
of help＝helpful有帮助的
of benefit＝beneficial有裨益的
即学即练　结合“of＋名词”的用法完成句子
①当你周游上海时你会发现这张地图对你很有用。
You'll find this map is ________________________________________ to you when you are traveling around Shanghai.(value)
②这种新药物的发现对心脏病患者来说非常重要。
The discovery of the new drug is ________________________________ to people who suffer from heart trouble. (importance)
③请把这些东西捐给慈善机构。它们对我没有用了。
Please donate these things to charities. They are __________________________________________________________________ to me.(use)
④他们的产品质量很好，销往全国各地。
Their products are ________________________ and are sold all over the country.(quality)
⑤这对双胞胎身高相同，但体重不同。
The twins are __________________________________， but different in weight.(height)
2 (教材原句)Darwin was such a scientific man that before he made up his mind to get married, he made a careful list of the advantages and disadvantages of marriage.达尔文是个很细致严谨的人，在下定决心结婚之前，他仔细列出了婚姻的利弊。
[句式分析]　本句中的“such...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
[考点提炼]　“such/so...that...”引导结果状语从句
(1)“such/so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句； such修饰名词，而so后通常接形容词或副词。该结构的具体形式如下：
(2)little表示“小”时用such修饰，但表示“少”时用so修饰。
It is such an important issue that we can't afford to ignore it.
＝It is so important an issue that we can't afford to ignore it.
这个问题十分重要，我们疏忽不得。
My sister said the summer holiday brought her such good memories that she would remember it forever.
我妹妹说那个暑假带给她如此美好的回忆，她会永远铭记。
Tom has made such great progress in his study that his teacher praised him.
汤姆在学习中取得了很大的进步，他的老师表扬了他。
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
风刮得这么大，我们简直寸步难行。
We had so little time to catch the train that we had to eat our lunch hurriedly.
我们没有多少时间去赶火车了，所以不得不匆忙地吃午饭
名师点津
巧记so和such的用法区别：
名前such，形副so；多多少少 (many/much/few/little)也用so; little一词特殊记，“小”用such，“少”用so。
即学即练　选词填空：so/such/that/单句写作
①On our way to the house, it was raining ________ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
②It is ________ a cold day that you can't go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.
③I have made ________ rapid progress in English ________ my parents are proud of me.
④我太紧张了，几乎分不清哪个方向是左。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑤吉姆是一个非常聪明的男孩，他能算出许多难题。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．According to our rules, smoking is not p________ in our office.
2．The scientist was determined to make a great breakthrough in ________ (科学的) research.
3．Sometimes, people don't like asking questions for fear of appearing stupid and ________ (无知的).
4．Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he ________ (出版) his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
5．The volunteers' primary ________ (责任) is to help people with learning disabilities to realize their own importance.
6．In our country, everyone has the right and ________ (自由) to express his thoughts and ideas.
7．In traditional Chinese culture, ________ (婚姻) decisions were made by parents for their children.
8．He hasn't admitted that the organization he belongs to is involved in the ________ (轰炸).
9．Perhaps he was worried about the moral issues ________ (牵涉).
10．I can ________ (宣布) in no uncertain terms that not praising children can contribute to their lack of confidence.
11．It is harmful to disregard or ignore each ________ (国籍的) different modes of solving the basic philosophical issues.
12．The scientific development outlook requires to establish public ________ (权威) and law-based society.
13．This is the scientific method ________ (适用) to problem solving.
14．The failure in moral education is the consequence of ________ (无知) of life.
15．At present, ________ (道德的) duty in the scientific research work has received more and more attention.
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．He seemed to ____________ that he should be permitted to be a representative.
2．He ____________ the need to explore the mystery of the universe.
3．The author says that the soldiers should have responsibility to ____________．
4．Drivers using a mobile phone are four times more likely to ____________ a crash.
5．Many people believe it was his father's ignorance of his field of study that ____________．
6．____________， Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened in that accident.
7．Reaching this goal requires ____________ among all residents, which encourages them to start with small steps, such as to avoid making too much noise that disturbs their neighbors.
8．You can ____________ it with no limitation of age and nationality.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．—Would you permit me ________ here
—Sorry, we don't permit ________ in the library. (smoke)
2．Your dad will go bananas if he knows you often drive his car without ________ (permit).
3．I take ________ for granted that you have already check the answer.
4．No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get ________ (involve) in various activities on Earth Day.
5．The best way to encourage your kids to enjoy meals is to involve them ________ preparing them.
6．________ his credit, Mr Green managed to get the important ceremony organized even if the time was so limited.
7．A large number of people have sent off ________ (apply) for the job. Some of the ________ (apply) may be disappointed because only one third applying ________ it have the chance to be employed.
8．The far side of the moon is of particular ________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
9．It was ________ fine weather that they all went swimming.
10．I'm responsible ________ the sale of all the products. In other words, I should take ________ for the sale of all the products. (responsible)
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．科学家向艾滋病宣战以求在治疗艾滋病方面取得突破。
Scientists ________________ AIDS in order to make a breakthrough in treating it.(declare)
2．弗兰克实在拿不准这工作是不是适合他。
Frank was very uncertain __________________．(as to)
3．经理提议我们应该有一个助手。有太多的工作要做。
The manager ______________________________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.(put)
4．——你如果不给露西带生日礼物，会让她失望的。
——谢谢你提醒我。今晚我一定给她买一份。
—If you don't bring a birthday present to Lucy, you may ________________．
—Thank you for reminding me. Surely I'll buy her one this evening.
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（十二）
Section C　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．atomic　2.bomb　3.evil　4.credit　5.negate　6.intellectual 7．mystery　8.authority　9.nationality　10.evolution
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．involve; involvement; involved　2.scientific; science; scientist 3．moral; morality　4.apply; application　5.ignorance; ignorant　6.freedom; free; freely　7.permit; permission 8．responsibility; responsible　9.declare; declaration 10．publish; publishing; publisher　11.marriage; marry
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．work on　2.put...at risk　3.put another way　4.devote oneself to...　5.to the credit of...　6.provide...with...　7.let sb. down　8.turn over each new stone　9.lead on to　10.as to　11.be in doubt　12.take it for granted　13.be born out of...　14.leave room for...　15.the fruit/fruits of...　16.put forward　17.make up one's mind to do sth.　18.get married 19．make a list of...　20.make great contributions to...
Ⅳ.重点句型
in which science is of value
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．A　2.D　3.D　4.D
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．to do　2.but　3.has　4.with　5.sorts　6.third 7．ignorance　8.greatly　9.it　10.Knowing
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①in　②living　③themselves　④involved
2．①学分　②赞扬　③信用，信誉　④To their credit
3．①申请　②应用，使用　③涂(油漆、乳剂)　④努力学习，勤奋工作　⑤application　⑥to　⑦for　⑧applicant
4．①As for/to the place for our picnic　②as to whether he will ③As for/to me
5．①parking　②permitting　③to drive　④permission ⑤without permission　⑥permit him to join/permit his joining
6．①for　②responsibility　③responsibly　④the sense of responsibility　⑤take/bear/shoulder responsibility for/be responsible for
7．①declaration　②on　③against　④to be
8．①推荐　②提出　③将……提前　④put down; put on; put out; put forward；put off
第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①of great/much value　②of great/much importance　③of no use　④of high quality　⑤of the same height/of a height
2．①so　②such　③such; that　④I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.　⑤Jim is such a clever boy/Jim is so clever a boy that he is able to work out many difficult problems.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．permitted　2.scientific　3.ignorant　4.published 5．responsibility　6.freedom　7.marriage　8.bombing 9．involved　10.declare　11.nationality's　12.authority 13．applied　14.ignorance　15.moral
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．take it for granted　2.put forward　3.fight for freedom 4．be involved in　5.let him down　6.To his credit　7.a sense of responsibility　8.apply for
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．to smoke; smoking　2.permission　3.it　4.involved　5.in 6．To　7.applications; applicants; for　8.interest　9.such　10.for; responsibility
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．declare war on　2.as to whether the job was suitable for him 3．put forward a suggestion that　4.let her downSection B　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 青霉素，盘尼西林
2．____________ n. 霉菌；模具；类型
vt. 浇铸；塑造
3．____________ n. 细菌(sing. ____________)
4．____________ n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇
5．____________ n. 闪电
6．____________ n. 学说，理论，原理；看法，意见
7．____________ n. 雷雨；雷暴
8．____________ n. 带子，丝带；带状物
9．____________ n. 金属
10．____________ adj. 突出的
n. 突出的人(或物)
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→________ adj.附近的；四周的→________ n.[pl.]环境；周围的事物
2．________ vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→________ n.表明；象征
3．________ adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→________ n．智力，智慧；悟性
4．________ (AmE ________) vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于　n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒
5．________ n.政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→________ adj.政治(上)的；对政治感兴趣的→________ n.政策，方针
6．________ n．电，电能→________ adj.电的，发电的，电动的→________ adj.电的；与电有关的
7．________ vt.& vi. 充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满　n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管
8．________ n．突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击　vi.& vt.砸，砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 偶然，意外地
2．________________ 把……制成……
3．________________ 引起某人的注意
4．________________ 远非，完全不是
5．________________ 锻炼；进展；解决(问题)；计算出
6．________________ 通过，穿过；经受，经历，检查
7．________________ 提出，提议；将……提前
8．________________ 旨在做某事，力争做某事
9．________________ 对……感兴趣
10．________________ (以某种方式)发生；离开；爆炸；(电灯)熄灭；(电)中断；停止运动
11．________________ 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响
12．________________ 显示，展示；炫耀，卖弄
13．________________ 非常有趣地
14．________________ 亲身感受
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．正如路易·巴斯德所说：“运气眷顾有准备的人。”
________________， “Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
2．然后他将一把金属钥匙系在丝带和风筝线相连的地方。
Then he attached a metal key ________________________________．
3．然而，有些人质疑他是否真地做了这个实验，他们争论说，如果他真地做了，他会受到致命的电击。
However, some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment, arguing that if ______________________________________________________________________．
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1 surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围　surrounding adj.周围的，附近的　surroundings n．[pl.]环境
(1)surround...with... 用……围绕……
surround yourself with sb./sth. 和某人/某事物在一起，与某人/某事物为伍
be surrounded by/with... 被……环绕/包围
(2)the surrounding area 周围地区
the surrounding countryside 附近的乡村
(3)in... surroundings 在……环境中
Our house is surrounded by/with trees, so we can enjoy their shade in summer.
我们的房子被树木环绕，所以夏天我们可以在树荫下乘凉。
Surrounded by a thick forest, the ancient city hadn't been discovered until the 1990s.
由于被茂密的森林环绕，这座古城直到20世纪90年代才被发现。
The house surrounded by the police belongs to a rich man.
这座被警察包围了的房子属于一个有钱人。
Recently, she moved to a new house. Surrounded by mountains, her house is very beautiful. She is very satisfied with the surrounding scenery and will soon adapt herself to the new surroundings.
最近，她搬了新家。她的家被群山环绕着，非常美丽。她对周围的风景很满意，她很快就会适应新环境。
特别提示
surrounded by/with可在句中作状语、定语或宾语补足语，surround与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
即学即练　用surround的适当形式填空
①He likes to live in the ________ which are quiet and beautiful. So last month he bought a big new house in the countryside, which is ________ by many big trees. The ________ scenery is also very nice. He is very satisfied with the new house.
②The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which ________ by a high wire fence.
③________ by green mountains and located at the foot of Lushan Mountain, it is a famous tourist attraction.
2 by accident 偶然，意外地
quite/completely by accident 完全是偶然
whether by accident or design 不知是偶然还是有意安排
by chance＝by accident＝accidentally 偶然，意外地
by design＝on purpose 故意地
It is no accident that... ……绝非偶然。
Be sure to remember that success in your life doesn't happen by accident；it's actually the result of your hard work.
切记你人生中的成功不是偶然发生的，它实际上是你努力工作的结果。
I found the long lost wedding ring by accident when I was cleaning the room.
我在打扫房间时，意外地发现了这枚丢失很久的婚戒。
It happened, whether by accident or design, that Steve and I were the last people to leave.
不知是偶然还是有意安排，史蒂夫和我是最后离开的人。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①You sometimes hurt your family members or friends ________ accident but I'm sure you don't hurt them ________ purpose.
②This species did not disappear ________ accident and it was due to human activities.
③你认为他没有露面纯属巧合还是有心为之？
Do you think that he didn't turn up ________________________________or ____________________？
3 favour vt.较喜欢；有利于　n．[C]恩惠，帮助；[U]赞同，支持　favourable adj.赞同的；有利的　favourite adj.特别受喜爱的
(1)do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙
(2)ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb. 请求某人帮忙
(3)in favour of 赞成，支持
(4)in one's favour 对某人有利
fall/go out of favour 失宠
out of favour (with sb.) 失宠(于某人)，不受(某人的)欢迎
She always felt that her parents favoured her brother.
她总觉得父母偏爱弟弟。
The warm climate favours many types of tropical plants.
温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。
Could you do me a favour—would you feed my cat this weekend
你能帮我个忙——这周末帮我喂猫吗？
I am in favour of exercise, but it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
我赞成运动，但是在就寝之前运动绝不是一个好主意。
This applicant has a lot in her favour, especially her experience of teaching.
这位求职者有很多优势，尤其是她执教的经历。
The disease spreads quickly under favourable conditions.
这种病在合适的条件下会传播得很快。
特别提示
“favourable adj. 特别受喜爱的”没有比较级和最高级．
即学即练　用favour的相关短语完成句子
①How is everything going I am writing to ask you to ______________________ (帮我个忙).
②They were excited because the score was 3～1 ________________________ (对他们有利).
③A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city were ________________________________ (支持) the proposal for health care reform.
④The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. ________________________________ (请求……帮忙) the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.
4 charge vt.& vi.充电；装(子弹)，填满，收费，要价；控告　n．[C，U]要价，收费　vt.& n．[C，U]控告；指控；责备　n．[U]掌管，主管
(1)get charged 充电
charge... for... 为……而向……收费
charge sb. some money for... 为……向某人收钱
charge for... 收……的费用
free of charge (＝for free) 免费
have the battery charged 给电池充电
charge the gun with shot 把枪装上子弹
charge the battery 给电池充电
(2)charge sb. with (doing) sth.
＝accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 控告/指控某人(做)某事
on a charge (of sth.) (因某事)被指控
(3)in charge 负责，主管，掌管；看管
in full charge 负全责
in charge of... 主管/负责……(表状态，主语通常为人)
in the charge of sb.(＝in sb.'s charge) 由某人掌管(主语通常为物)
take charge of... 掌管/负责……(表动作)
It's not working—I don't think the battery is charging.
它不管用——我觉得电池没有在充电。
I wonder how much you charge for your service.
我想知道你们收取多少服务费。
The restaurant charged us 400 yuan for the wine.
这家餐厅收了我们400元的酒水钱。
If you buy this machine, the delivery will be free of charge.
如果你买这台机器，我们将免费送货。
The newspaper charged her with using the company's money for her own purposes.
这家报社指控她将公司的钱挪作私用。
He has been arrested on a charge of theft.他因盗窃罪而被捕。
I'm not in charge of the project. Mr Brown is the person in charge. 我不负责这个工程。布朗先生是负责人。
语境助记
①The boss asked John to take charge of the company for a few days while he was away. 老板请约翰在他离开的几天里掌管公司。
②This factory is in the charge of Mr Green.
格林先生负责这家工厂。
即学即练　判断下列句子中的charge的词性和含义/单句语法填空/结合charge的用法完成句子
①The restaurant has a minimum charge of $50 per person, so the four of us need to pay at least $200.________________
②If your card has been lost, a fee of ￡ 5 is charged for the production of a replacement card.________________
③The phone won't work if it isn't charged.________________
④Two men have been charged in connection with the attack.________________
⑤We won't charge customers ________ on-site parking and provide high-speed Wi-Fi.
⑥The court charged him ________ carrying dangerous products.
⑦Please ensure that you bring your existing card with you. Your replacement card will be produced free ________ charge.
⑧这台手术是由一位来自北京的专家负责做的。
The operation was ________________________________ an expert from Beijing.
⑨在她负责之前，公司运营得很糟糕。
The company was badly operated before she _____________________________________ it.
5 go off (以某种方式)发生；爆炸；开火；(警报器等)突然发出巨响；(电灯)熄灭，(电)中断，停止运行；(食物、食料)变质；离开(尤指去做某事)
The vote went off all right.
投票进行得十分顺利。
This robot is designed to take apart bombs that may go off.
设计这种机器人就是用来拆除那些可能爆炸的炸弹的。
I overslept this morning because my alarm clock didn't go off.
今天早晨我睡过了头，因为我的闹钟没有响。
The street lights will go on when it gets dark and go off at midnight.
街灯在天黑时会亮起，午夜熄灭。
The central heating in the building goes off at 10 pm.
大楼的中央供暖系统晚上10点停止运行。
You'd better put the fish in the fridge, or it will soon go off in this hot weather.
你最好把鱼肉放在冰箱里，否则天气这么热，它很快就会变质。
My parents both retired and went off to lead an easy life in the countryside.
我父母都退休了，去乡下过安逸的生活。
即学即练　选出能替换画线部分的词语/完成句子
①Before I went off to go to university my father gave me a few words of wisdom.(got away/got over)________________
②Take the chicken out of the oven when the timer goes off. (rings out/hangs out)________________
③The whole village fell into total darkness when the lights went off. (went out/cut off)________________
④He sold the vegetables at half price rather than let them go off. (go bad/go well)________________
⑤There was a huge bang outside, for fireworks were going off in the sky. (expanding/exploding)________________
⑥整个会议按照我们的计划进行。
The whole conference ________________________________ just as we had planned.
6 show off显示，炫耀，卖弄
show up 如约赶到；露面
show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物
show through (从某物)透出；(从某事)显露
show sb. around... 带领某人参观……
show sb. in 领某人进来
show sb. out 领某人出去
show sb. to/into 领某人去/进入……
show one's face 露面，出现
show sb. the door 对某人下逐客令
He likes to show off how well he speaks French.
他喜欢炫耀他的法语讲得有多好。
You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym.如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去。
即学即练　完成句子
①我很高兴带领你参观一下我们的学校。
I shall be delighted to ________________________ our school.
②服务员把我们带到我们的座位。
The waiter ________ us ________ our seats.
③我们被领进等候室。
We were ________________ the waiting room. 第二版块|重点句型解构
1 (教材原句)As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.”,正如路易·巴斯德所说：“运气眷顾有准备的人。”
[句式分析]　句中“As Louis Pasteur said”为定语从句
as引导的非限制性定语从句
(1)as用作关系代词时，可以引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如”，as在从句中作宾语或主语，从句的位置比较灵活，可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后，一般用逗号与主句隔开。
As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.”
正如维克多·雨果曾说：“笑声如暖阳，驱走人们脸上的寒冷冬意。”(As在从句中作宾语，指代的是“Laughter is...the human face”)
As is well known to all, the famous American writer, Mark Twain, wrote many humorous stories. 众所周知，著名的美国作家马克·吐温写了很多幽默的故事。(As在从句中作主语，指代的是“the famous American writer...stories”)
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下搭配：
as is well known to all(＝as we all know) 众所周知
as you can see 正如你所看见的
as everybody knows 正如每个人所了解的那样
as is reported 如报道所说
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as is supposed 如所料想的
as is hoped 正如所希望的
as has been said before 如前所述
As we all know, Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer.
众所周知，鲁迅是—位伟大的中国作家。
辨析比较　as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
关系代词 意义 先行词 从句位置
as 正如，就像 整个主句 句首、句中或句末
which 这一点，这/那 名词、名词性短语或整个主句 句中或句末
She is very patient, as is shown in her work.
她很有耐心，正如她在工作中表现出来的那样。
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les.
②She and her family bicycle to work, ________________helps them keep fit.
③________________ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
④________________ is well known to all, light travels faster than sound.
⑤众所周知，在家吃饭比在餐馆吃饭健康得多，也更便宜。
____________________________________________________________， eating at home is much healthier and less costly than eating in a restaurant.
⑥正如所希望的那样，玛丽获得了一等奖。
______________________________， Mary has won the first prize.
⑦正如你所看到的，孩子们很受激励，也满怀热情地去阅读所有这些书。
__________________________________________________， the children are really encouraged, and they are also enthusiastic about reading all of these books.
2 (教材原句)Then he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined. ,然后他将一把金属钥匙系在丝带和风筝线相连的地方。
[句式分析]　此处为where引导的地点状语从句，修饰动词attached。
where引导的地点状语从句
where引导地点状语从句时为从属连词，在从句中作状语，意为“在……的地方”。where引导的地点状语从句用于对主句中的谓语动词进行说明，where前面没有表示地点的名词。where引导的地点状语从句可置于主句之前，也可置于主句之后。
Make marks where you have questions.在你有疑问的地方做标记。
He lives where the climate is mild.他住在一个气候温和的地方。
辨析比较
where引导的定语从句/where引导的地点状语从句
从句类型 区别
where引导 的定语从句 where为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前有一个表示地点的先行词。此时，where可以换成“介词＋which”结构。 Is there a shop around where(＝in which)we can buy some fruit？附近有没有一家我们可以买到一些水果的商店？
where引导的 地点状语从句 where为从属连词。where引导的地点状语从句用于对主句中的谓语动词进行说明，where前面没有表示地点的名词。 The school was built where there had once been a park. 学校建在一座公园的旧址上。
即学即练　判断下面句子中where引导的从句类型/完成句子
①Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks．________________
②You should put the dictionary where you can find it easily．________________
③Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi where the bus had dropped her．________________
④如果衣服不适合您，请放回原处。
If the clothes don't fit you, please ________________________．(where)
3 (教材原句)However, some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment, arguing that if he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock.
然而，有些人质疑他是否真的做了这个实验，他们争论说，如果他真的做了，他会受到致命的电击。
[句式分析]　句中“if he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock”为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
If I had seen him yesterday, I would have told him the news.
我如果昨天见到他的话，就会把这个消息告诉他。(事实是我昨天没有见到他)
If we had known that she was to arrive yesterday, we could have met her at the station.
我们如果知道她昨天到，就可以到车站接她了。(事实是我们不知道她昨天到)
归纳拓展　与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
语法意义：表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句谓语的形式：过去式(be动词通常用were)
主句谓语的形式：would/could/should/might＋动词原形
语境助记
If I were you, I wouldn't do it like that.
假如我是你的话，我就不会那样做。
If I had enough money, I might buy myself a computer. 如果我有足够的钱，我会给自己买一台电脑。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①You didn't let me drive. If we ________ (drive) in turn, you wouldn't have got so tired.
②If the new safety system ________(put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
③We ________________ (be) back in the hotel now if you hadn't lost the map.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I should have c________ my cellphone last night. Now the battery is running out.
2．When it comes to renewable energy, what occurs to me is s________ energy.
3．It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research ________(表明) that the numbers have been rising for some time.
4．The ________(事故) was similar to the one that happened in 2021.
5．Two people got trapped in the lift this morning when the ________ (电) was cut off.
6．While all the desserts are pretty good, the clear ________ (突出的物) is the lemon pie.
7．The factory is ________ (环绕) by electric fencing.
8．The investigator is charged with being one-sided and ________ (偏袒) the offender.
9．People agree with the ________ (理论) that lightning is actually electricity.
10．We live surrounded by loud planes, trucks and ________ (电动的) tools.
11．It shows that she is intelligent and reliable enough to be in ________ (掌管).
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．Naomi was ____________ her happy marriage.
2．I had to attend the conference on her behalf on Tuesday because she couldn't ____________．
3．Her career took off ____________ in 1986 when she set up her own business.
4．His wisdom ____________ during the process of conducting this experiment.
5．____________ charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free of charge.
6．A clear majority of judges were ____________ that intelligent robot.
7．You should be aware that success is not something that happens ____________．
8．Whoever is ____________ the organization is expected to come up with a practical plan to overcome the present difficulty.
9．____________ a variety of beautiful flowers, our school looks more charming in summer.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I always dream of having a house ________ by trees, flowers and grass. If I can live in such beautiful ________， I must feel happy every day. As we know, the ________ things can always have an effect on our mood. (surround)
2．I'm not going there again—they charged me $ 10 ________ a cup of coffee!
3．You were charged ________ ignoring your duty. Who accused you ________ such a crime
4．If they ________ (consider) everything, they would not have made such a mistake.
5．________ I explained on the phone, your request would be discussed at the next meeting.
6．There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge ________ him.
7．I am ________ favour of your suggestion that we should spend more time on this project.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．湖边树木环绕，很多游客在这里拍照。
The lake __________________________________________ trees and many visitors take photos here.(surround)
2．约翰，坐在我能看见你的地方。
John, sit ________________________________．(where引导的地点状语从句)
3．正如报纸上所报道的那样，两国之间的会谈进行得很顺利。
__________________________________________ in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are going smoothly. (as引导的非限制性定语从句)
4．如果我们没有做充分的准备，这次会议是不会这么成功的。
________________________________________， the conference wouldn't have been so successful.(虚拟语气)
语法精讲④
1．动词-ed形式作定语
(1)及物动词的-ed形式作定语：被修饰词与动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系且表示动作已经完成，或只有被动意义。
Tom drank some boiled water and hurried to school. 汤姆喝了一些白开水，就匆匆忙忙朝学校赶去。(表示被动和完成)
He is a teacher respected by all the students.
他是一位受所有学生尊敬的老师。(只表示被动)
(2)不及物动词的-ed形式作定语：不及物动词没有被动语态，因此作定语时只表示动作的完成，不表示被动；且只作前置定语。
When I woke up the next morning. I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves. 当我第二天早上醒来时，发现地上全是落叶。(只表示完成)
(3)动词-ed形式作定语的位置
①单个的动词-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，但left只作后置定语。
The broken vase has been thrown outside.
那个碎了的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。
The books left are for my students.
剩下的书是给我的学生的。
②动词-ed形式短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词之后，其作用相当于—个定语从句。
我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。
I borrowed a book written by Mark Twain from the library.
＝I borrowed a book which/that was written by Mark Twain from the library.
[特别提示]　单个的动词-ed形式修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, nobody等复合不定代词或those等指示代词时，要放在这些词的后面。
He is one of those invited.
他是那些被邀请的人之一。
Is there anything unfinished
还有什么没有完成的吗？
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Today I tried cooking a simple dish myself. I like eating ________ (fry) tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook.
②The beautiful long branches ________ (cover) with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
③Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
④Earth Day, ________ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
2．动词-ed形式作状语
(1)过去分词作状语的语法意义
动词-ed形式作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况；一般情况下，作状语的分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。构成动词-ed形式的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动动作的完成。
Built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.
这座房子是30年前建造的，它看起来很漂亮。
Encouraged by what the teacher said，the student decided to work even harder. 在老师的话的鼓励下，那名学生决定更加努力地学习。
(2)动词-ed形式作状语的句法功能
①动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。可以扩展为相应的状语从句或者并列句。可以置于句首、句中或句末，一般要用逗号同其他成分隔开。
功能 用法及例句
时间状语 通常放在句首，可转换为when, while, after等引导的时间状语从句。 Discussed many times(＝After they were discussed many times), the problems were settled at last. 多次讨论后，这些问题终于解决了。 Lost in the mountains for a week(＝After they were lost in the mountains for a week), the two students were finally rescued by the local police. 在山区迷路一个星期后，这两名学生终于被当地警方救了出来。
原因状语 一般置于句首，相当于as, since, because等引导的原因状语从句。 Deeply moved by the story(＝Because they were deeply moved by the story)，the children began to cry.由于被这个故事深深地感动，孩子们开始哭了起来。 Attracted by the beauty of nature(＝As she was attracted by the beauty of nature), the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. 由于被大自然的美所吸引，这个来自伦敦的女孩决定在这个农场再待两天。
条件状语 通常放在句首，可转换为if，once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Once published (＝Once it is published), the dictionary will be very popular. 一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。 Given another chance (＝If he is given another chance)，he will do better. 如果再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
让步状语 一般放在句首，有时也放在句末，可转换为although, though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。 Laughed at by many people(＝Although he was laughed at by many people), he still continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 Defeated by his opponent (＝Although he was defeated by his opponent), he never gave up any hope. 他尽管被对手击败了，但是从没放弃任何希望。
伴随状语、 方式状语 作伴随状语或方式状语的动词-ed形式没有对应的状语从句，但可转化为并列分句。 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son.(＝The old man walked into the room and he was supported by his son. ) 这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 The lady returned home，followed by Holmes.(＝The lady returned home and she was followed by Holmes.) 这位女士回家了，福尔摩斯跟在她后面。
②动词-ed形式作状语时，可根据需要在其前面加上while, when, before, after, since, until, once, though, although, unless, as if, as though, even if, even though等词或短语。
Unless constantly repeated, the English words are easily forgotten.
这些英语单词很容易被忘记，除非不断重复(记忆)。
When asked why she came here，the girl kept silent. 当有人问她为什么来这里时，那个女孩保持沉默。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①________ (publish) in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.
②Technological innovations, ________ (combine) with good marketing，will promote the sales of these products.
③________ (complete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
④Steve arrived and sat in the front row, ________ (surround) by his family.
3．动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
(1)构成动词-ed形式的动词与宾语之间的关系
①及物动词的-ed形式用作宾语补足语时，宾语是构成动词-ed形式的动词的逻辑宾语，宾语和构成动词-ed形式的动词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
I want the letter posted.
我想把这封信寄出去。
②少数不及物动词如go, fall等的动词-ed形式作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作已完成。因此，宾语与构成动词-ed形式的动词之间不存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
She found her necklace gone on her way home.
她在回家的路上发现她的项链不见了。
③动词seat, hide, dress等的动词-ed形式作宾语补足语一般表示状态，而不表示被动意义。
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进来时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
(2)动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的情况
①用在动词keep, leave等的后面作宾语补足语表示状态。
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
不要让窗户一直像这样破着。
②用在使役动词have, get, make等的后面作宾语补足语。
He had the walls painted this morning.
他今天早上给墙刷了漆。
Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.
亚历山大试图使他的工作得到医学界的认可。
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
我提高了嗓门以便被听到。
③用在感官(短语)动词watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel等的后面作宾语补足语。
When we got to school, we saw the door locked.
当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain.
我们可以听到大雨拍打窗户的声音。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
②This actor often has the first two tricks ________ (plan) before performing, and then goes for whatever.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem ________ (call) caffeinism.
2．When ________ (ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
3．________ (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
4．Ordinary soap, ________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
5．Clearly and thoughtfully ________ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
6．People read newspapers and magazines to keep themselves ________ (inform) of what is going on in the world outside.
7．He was quite excited at the news ________ (announce) by his class teacher.
8．Life is a journey ________ (fill) with hardships, joys and special moments.
9．We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, ________ (surround) by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
10．Video games can be a poor influence if ________ (leave) in the wrong hands.
11．In art criticism, you must imagine that the artist has a secret message ________ (hide) within the work.
12．The students spent the whole afternoon clearing the ________ (fall) leaves away.
Ⅱ.结合动词-ed形式的用法改写下列句子
1．When I got into the office, I found that Mr Green was buried in his work without noticing my arrival.
→When I got into the office, ________________________ without noticing my arrival.
2．When he was asked about his address, the boy didn't respond.
→______________________________， the boy didn't respond.
3．This film, which is intended for kids under 13, is on at the local cinema these days.
→This film, ________________________， is on at the local cinema these days.
4．The witnesses who were questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
→The witnesses ____________________________ gave very different descriptions of the fight.
Ⅲ.结合动词-ed形式的用法完成句子
1．从月球上看时，地球是很漂亮的。
____________________________， the Earth is very beautiful.
2．昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些客人是谁？
Who were the guests ________________________ last night
3．辛苦努力后，经理看到许多新产品被研发出来了，他很满意。
After hard work, the manager was satisfied to ________________________________________________________________．
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（十一）
Section B　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．penicillin　2.mould　3.bacteria　bacterium　4.accident　5.lightning　6.theory　7.thunderstorm　8.ribbon　9.metal 10．standout
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．surround; surrounding; surroundings　2.indicate; indication 3．intelligent; intelligence　4.favour; favor　5.politician; political; policy　6.electricity; electric; electrical　7.charge　8.bang
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．by accident　2.make...into...　3.catch the attention of sb.　4.far from　5.work out　6.go through　7.put forward 8．aim to do sth.　9.take an interest in　10.go off　11.with a bang　12.show off　13.with great interest　14.get a taste of
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．As Louis Pasteur said
2．where the ribbon and kite line joined
3．he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①surroundings; surrounded; surrounding ②was surrounded　③Surrounded
2．①by; on　②by　③by accident/by chance; by design/on purpose
3．①do me a favour　②in their favour　③in favour of ④Asking a favour of
4．①n.收费　②vt.收费，要价　③vt.充电　④vt.控告，指控 ⑤for　⑥with　⑦of　⑧in the charge of　⑨took charge of/was in charge of
5．①got away　②rings out　③went out　④go bad ⑤exploding　⑥went off
6．①show you around　②showed; to　③shown into
第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①which　②which　③As　④As　⑤As we all know/As is well known to all 　⑥As is hoped　⑦As you can see
2．①定语从句　②地点状语从句　③地点状语从句　④put them where they were
3．①had driven　②had been put　③would/could/should/might be
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．charged　2.solar　3.indicates　4.accident　5.electricity　6.standout　7.surrounded　8.favouring　9.theory 10．electric　11.charge
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．showing off　2.show up　3.with a bang　4.stood out 5．Far from　6.in favour of　7.by accident　8.in charge of　9.Surrounded with
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．surrounded; surroundings; surrounding　2.for　3.with; of 4．had considered　5.As　6.of　7.in
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．is surrounded with/by　2.where I can see you 3．As is reported　4.If we hadn't made full preparations
语法精讲④　动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
1．①fried　②covered　③designed　④marked
2．①Published　②combined　③Completed　④surrounded
3．①decorated　②planned
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．called　2.asked　3.Founded　4.used　5.written 6．informed　7.announced　8.filled　9.surrounded 10．left　11.hidden　12.fallen
Ⅱ.结合动词-ed形式的用法改写下列句子
1．I found Mr Green buried in his work
2．When asked about his address
3．intended for kids under 13
4．questioned by the police just now
Ⅲ.结合动词-ed形式的用法完成句子
1．Seen from the moon
2．invited to your party
3．see many new products developedSection D　Writing——伟大的科学家
1．写作任务
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack对中国水稻之父袁隆平教授非常感兴趣。请你给Jack回复一封电子邮件，主要内容包括：
(1)袁隆平的个人介绍；
(2)他取得的成就；
(3)你的评价。
注意：(1)词数80左右；
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
2．写作思路
(1)一审：体裁、结构和主题
体裁：应用文——书信介绍类
结构：三段
主题：人物介绍
(2)二定：时态与人称
时态：一般过去时，一般现在时
人称：第三人称
(3)三明确
明确写作要点：个人信息＋成就(杂交水稻、重要意义)＋评价(有责任感、高尚品德、最伟大的科学家之一)
3．素材整理
(1)关键词语
be considered as被看作是
(be) dedicated to致力于
pay off得到回报
apply... into/to把……应用到……
speed up加速
as to/for至于，对于
a person with responsibility有责任心的人，负责任的人
(2)完成句子
①你在邮件中提到，你想了解科学家袁隆平的事迹。
You __________ in your email you ____________ to __________ the scientist of Yuan Longping.
②袁隆平，被称为“杂交水稻之父”，在1930年出生，2021年逝世。
Yuan Longping, ________________ “father of hybrid rice”， ________________ in 1930 and died in 2021.
③一生致力于杂交水稻的研究，袁隆平的努力已经得到了回报。
______________ the scientific research ________ hybrid rice all his life, Yuan's efforts ________________________．
④袁隆平把他关于杂交水稻的理论应用到实践中，加速了中国稻米的生产，帮助供养了无数人。
Yuan Longping ________ his theory about hybrid rice ________ practice and ________________ the production of rice in China, ________ feed countless people.
⑤至于我对袁隆平的评价，我认为他是国内外最伟大的科学家之一。
________________ my comments ________ Yuan, I ________ him ________ one of the greatest scientists at home and abroad.
⑥他是有责任心和崇高品德的人，值得每个人尊敬。
He was a person ________________ and good and high ________， deserving ____________________ by everyone.
4．满分作文(注：黑体部分为本单元的重点词汇)
参考范文：
Dear Jack,
You mentioned in your email you wanted to learn about the scientist of Yuan Longping. I'd like to introduce to you in details.
Yuan Longping, considered as “father of hybrid rice”， was born in 1930 and died in 2021. Dedicated to the scientific research into hybrid rice all his life, Yuan's efforts paid off and he succeeded in applying his theory about hybrid rice into practice and speeding up the production of rice in China, helping feed countless people.
As to my comments on Yuan Longping, I consider him as one of the greatest scientists at home and abroad. He was a person with responsibility and good and high morals, deserving to be respected by everyone. He'll be missed and remembered by all Chinese people forever.
Yours，
Li Hua
综合点评：
句型：第二段第一句中过去分词短语作后置定语；第二句句首用形容词短语作状语，后半句用了两个动词-ing形式作介词in的宾语，句尾部分则使用动词-ing形式作结果状语。
第三段第二句最后使用了动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
第一段：导入＋写作目的。
第二段：袁隆平个人介绍及取得的成就。
第三段：作者的评价，用as to引出话题，然后开始评价。
5．佳作背诵
(1)佳作一
假定你是李华，你们班正在举行有关世界伟大科学家的演讲比赛，请你写一篇有关霍金的演讲稿，主要内容包括：
①霍金的个人介绍；②对霍金的评价；③霍金对你的影响。
注意：词数80左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(2)佳作二
假定你是李华，你的外教Jim正在为上课收集有关中国著名科学家的资料，请你给Jim写一封电子邮件，主要内容包括：
①屠呦呦个人介绍；②她的杰出贡献；③对她的评价。
注意：①词数80左右；
②开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：青蒿qinghao　青蒿素qinghaosu
Dear Jim，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
温馨提示：请完成单元过关测试卷（四）
Section D　Writing——伟大的科学家
3．①mentioned; wanted; learn about　②considered as; was born　③Having been dedicated to; into; paid off　④applied；into; sped up; helping　⑤As to; on; consider; as ⑥with responsibility; morals; to be respected
5．(1)参考范文：
Good morning, dear teachers and classmates!
The scientist I'd like to introduce is Stephen Hawking, famous for his great scientific achievements in physics and his great spirit of fighting against the deadly disease. Hawking was more than courageous as the disease never let him down and his survival against the disease indicates that never should people lose hope. Optimism and humor are his most remarkable features, which help Hawking fight against the disease for over 50 years.
As to his influence on me, I've learnt to stay optimistic whenever in trouble. Besides, just like Hawking, remaining curious is the drive for me to explore the unknown. As long as I keep on conducting trials and am never afraid of hardships, I'll succeed in time.
That's all. Thank you.
(2)参考范文：
Dear Jim，
Learning you're collecting data about famous scientists in China, I'd like to introduce Tu Youyou to you.
Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province in 1930. She was admitted into Peking University, majoring in medicine, after which she devoted herself to the fight against malaria. Researching traditional Chinese medicine and conducting endless trials for scores of years, she finally extracted qinghaosu from the herb qinghao, which has saved millions of people's lifes ever since. In 2015, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Not only is she one of the standouts among the scientists in China, but her sense of responsibility inspires us to devote more to our work.
Yours，
Li HuaUnit 4　Scientists who changed the world
Section A　Welcome to the unit & Reading
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 疟疾
2．____________ adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的
3．____________ n. 提取物；选录
vt. 提取；选录；取出；设法得到
4．____________ n. 药草，香草；草本
5．____________ n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验
vi.& vt. 测试，试验
6．____________ adj. 家庭的，家用的，家务的
n. 一家人，家庭
7．____________ n. 省，省份
8．____________ adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的
9．____________ n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践
vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试
10．____________ vt. 延迟，延期
11．____________ n. 数据，资料，材料
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．学说，论；原理；看法，意见→________ adj.理论上的→________ adv.理论上地
2．________ n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→________ v．生存→________ n．幸存者
3．________ n．想要，计划；意指→________ n．目的；意图
4．________ adj.有限的→________ vt.限制　n.[C]限度；极限→________ n．限制；制约
5．________ n．容器；集装箱，货柜→________ vt.包含；容纳
6．________ adj.足够的，充足的→________ adj.不足的；不够的
7．________ adj.纯的；干净的；完全的；纯正的；纯真的→________ n．纯洁→________ v．使纯净；净化
8．________ vt.探究，调查研究；探索，勘查→________ n．探索→________ n．探险者；勘探者
9．________ n.智慧，才智；明智，知识，学问→________ adj.智慧的；明智的
10．________ adj. 有益的，有用的→________ n. 益处；好处
11．________ vt.& vi.组织，实施；指导；引导；举止→________ n．传导→________ n．指挥；售货员；导体→________ adj.具有传导性的
12．________ vt.说明，解释；加插图于→________ n．插图实例；图解
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 对……产生影响
2．________________ 对……做出重大贡献
3．________________ 多亏，由于
4．________________ 死于……
5．________________ ……的治疗方法
6．________________ 未能做某事
7．________________ 查阅，参考；提到，谈及
8．________________ 在低温下
9．________________ 为了不……
10．________________ 成功地做了某事
11．________________ 设法做某事
12．________________ ……的解决办法
13．________________ 日日夜夜，夜以继日
14．________________ 放弃；停止
15．________________ 大量的……
16．________________ 很可能做某事
17．________________ (使)加速
18．________________ 自愿做某事
19．________________ 成功，奏效，达到目的
20．________________ 利用；动用
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．然而，即使生产了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另一个问题。
Even ____________________________________， however, they still faced another problem.
2．在患者身上进行的试验可能会被推迟，因为他们没有足够的安全数据。
__________________________________________________________ because they did not have sufficient safety data.
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.语篇结构
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．For what did Tu Youyou win 2015 Nobel Prize
A．What she had done to fight against malaria.
B．The decreased death rate of malaria.
C．Her accidental discovery of qinghaosu.
D．Her contribution as the first female scientist.
2．What are the Paragraphs 3～5 mainly about
A．How complex the experiments were.
B．Tu Youyou's difficulties and solutions.
C．The assistance Tu Youyou got from her teammates.
D．Lack of resources didn't prevent the success of the scientist.
3．What can we learn from the text
A．Tu Youyou thinks highly of traditional Chinese medicine.
B．Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize.
C．The trials on real patients were postponed for their unwillingness.
D．The discovery of qinghaosu is mainly due to the inspiration of ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine.
4．Which of the following best describes Tu Youyou and her team
A．Fortunate and energetic.
B．Patient and responsible.
C．Reliable and stubborn.
D．Wise and determined.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria, Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1.________ (receive) a Nobel Prize.
Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu 2.________ (study) medicine at university in Beijing and acquired a broad knowledge of both Chinese and Western medicine. In 1969 she became head of a team that intended to find a cure 3.________ malaria. 4.________ (inspire) by a 1，700-year-old text about preparing qinghao with cold water, she tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its 5.________ (effect) part. She finally succeeded in making a qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. 6.________， the trials on real patients were likely to 7.________ (postpone) because they did not have sufficient data. To speed up the process and ensure its 8.________ (safe), Tu and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves first.
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, they successfully isolated the most effective part of 9.________ extract and named it qinghaosu, 10.________ is now a key part of many malaria medicines. Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.
教材助读·开放课堂
[词汇注释]
①republic/r 'p bl k/n.共和国，共和政体
②award sb....for...
＝award...to sb. for...因……把……授予/颁发给某人
③malaria/m 'le ri /n.疟疾
④deadly/'dedli/adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的
a deadly disease致命疾病
⑤thanks to多亏，由于
⑥all over the world
＝throughout the world全世界
⑦survival/s 'va vl/n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
⑧province/'pr v ns/n.省，省份
⑨broad/br d/adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的
broaden v．使扩大；使变宽
⑩die of死于(疾病、情感、饥寒等)
die from死于(外因)
intend/ n'tend/vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指
a cure for...……的治疗方法
recipe n．方法，秘诀；食谱
extract/'ekstr kt/n.提取物；选录
/ k'str kt/vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到
herb/h b/n.药草，香草；草本
fail to do sth.未能做某事
promising adj.有希望的；有前途的；有出息的
refer/r 'f (r)/ to查阅，参考；提到，谈及
refer to a dictionary查词典
experiment/ k'sper m nt/n．实验，试验；尝试，实践
vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试
try doing尝试做某事
try to do sth.努力做某事
at a low temperature在低温下
in order not to...为了不……(＝so as not to)
so as not to不用于句首。
trial/'tra l/n.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验　vi.& vt.测试，试验
limited/'l m t d/adj.有限的
manage to do sth.设法做某事
find a solution/solutions to...找到……的解决办法(to是介词)
household/'ha sh ld/adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的　n．一家人，家庭
container/k n'te n (r)/n.容器；集装箱，货柜
day and night日日夜夜；夜以继日
because of因为，由于
give up放弃；停止
give up doing sth.放弃做某事
large amounts of＋不可数名词大量的……
be likely to do sth.可能做某事
postpone/p 'sp n/vt.延迟，延期
postpone doing sth.延迟做某事
sufficient/s 'f nt/adj.足够的，充足的
data/'de t /n.数据，资料，材料
speed up(使)加速
volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事
pay off成功，奏效，达到目的
through trial and error反复试验
error/'er (r)/n.错误，差错
eventually adv.终于，最终
lecture n．讲座，演讲；教训，训斥
vi.开讲座，讲课
vt.指责，训斥
give a lecture作演讲，作讲座
go to/attend a lecture出席讲座
explore vt.探究，调查研究；探索，勘查
draw on利用；动用
wisdom/'w zd m/n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智
a man of wisdom有智慧的人
beneficial/ ben 'f l/adj.有益的，有用的
be beneficial to＝be of benefit to对……有益
health care医疗保健
[教材原文]
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
By Dina Conner
11 December 2015
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic① of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for② her contribution to the fight against malaria③ [1], one of the deadliest④ diseases in human history. Thanks to⑤ her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world⑥ now have had a greatly increased chance of survival⑦.
[1]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a Nobel Prize。
Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province⑧， Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduation, she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad⑨ knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine [2].
[2]现在分词短语作结果状语。
Tu's education was soon to prove very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dying of⑩ malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease [3]. She collected over 2，000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs . When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.
[3]that引导定语从句，修饰a team。
However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited . Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem. When there was no research equipment [4], they had to extract herbs using household water containers . They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions, but they never gave up .
[4]when引导时间状语从句。
Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data . To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off . In November 1972, through trial and error ， they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract. As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients. More than 40 years after its discovery, Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. In her Nobel Lecture ， she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level. Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine [5], will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care .
[5]现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰scientists。
[汉语译文]
中国科学家荣获2015年诺贝尔奖
迪娜·康纳
2015年12月11日
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。
1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京读大学，学习药学。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。
屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用。20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾，于是1969年屠呦呦担任了一个旨在找到疟疾疗法的小组组长。她收集了2 000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获取了数百种提取物。当这些未能取得任何有希望的效果时，屠呦呦就再次去查阅中医典籍。在一本1 600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。1971年10月4日，在历经190次失败之后，她成功制备出可以治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。
然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。屠呦呦团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研究设备，他们只好用家用储水的容器来提取草药。他们夜以继日地工作，由于条件恶劣，他们的健康开始受损，但却从未放弃。
然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。由于没有足够的安全数据，对患者的试验可能会推迟。为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物。
屠呦呦团队的努力最终得到了回报。1972年11月，经过反复试验，他们成功发现了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作为许多抗疟药物中的关键成分，青蒿素迄今已经造福了约两亿疟疾患者。发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。在她的获奖演讲上，屠呦呦鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医这座宝库，并让其更上一层楼。也许新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1 intend vt.& vi.打算，计划，想要　intended adj. 打算的，计划的，意欲达到的；为……打算(或设计)的
(1)intend doing sth./to do sth. 打算/想要做某事
(2)intend sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
(3)intention n. [C，U]意图
have no intention of doing sth. 无意做某事
with the intention of... 打算……
(4)be intended for...(＝be meant for...) 是为……打算(或设计)的
be intended to do sth. 打算做某事，旨在做某事
It's intended that... 计划……
Mr White is back home now and intends to write a book about his adventure.
怀特先生现在回家了，打算写一本关于他的奇遇的书。
He intends his son to take over his business.
他打算让他的儿子接管他的生意。
They went into town with the intention of visiting the library.
他们进了城，打算参观图书馆。
These rooms are intended for group discussion and seminars.
这些房间用于小组讨论和研讨会。
特别提示
intend用于过去完成时后接不定式to do时(即had intended to do sth.)表示“本打算做某事(而实际上却未做)”。有类似用法的词还有want, hope, plan, expect, mean等，构成had expected/meant to do sth.等。
语境助记
Peter had intended to go to Australia, but something changed his mind.
彼得本来打算去澳大利亚，但有些事使他改变了主意。
Jane's grandmother had wanted to write a children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.
多年来，简的祖母一直想写一本儿童读物，但由于种种原因耽搁了下来。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I don't intend anyone ________ (see) the painting until it is finished.
②Everything they do is intended ________ (improve) the living standards.
③This programme was set up with the ________ (intend) of providing help for homeless people.
④他们本来打算帮忙，但是没能及时到达那里。
They __________________________ but couldn't get there in time.
2 refer to查阅，参考；描述，与……相关，涉及；说及，谈到，说起
refer to a dictionary 查词典
refer to sb. 提到/谈到某人
refer to the catalogue 查阅目录
refer to... as... 将……称为……
refer sb. to sth. 让某人查阅某物
refer...to... 将……交送给……
You can refer to my notes if you review what you have studied.
你如果复习你所学功课的话，可以参考我的笔记。
This paragraph refers to the events of last year.
这一段说的是去年发生的事。
What I have to say refers to all of you.
我要说的话关系到你们所有人。
You know who I'm referring to.
你知道我说的是谁。
The book referred to by the psychologist can teach you how to find what is causing pressure in your life.
那位心理学家提到的那本书可以教你如何找出在你的生活中引起压力的东西。
People refer to Wuyuan as the most beautiful village in China.
人们把婺源称为中国最美丽的乡村。
As he cannot answer my question, he refers me to this dictionary.
由于他回答不出我的问题，他便让我查阅这本字典。
特别提示
refer to和look up都可以表示“查阅，参考”，但二者是有区别的：refer to后接所查的工具书或资料，如词典、笔记、参考书等；look up后接word，phrase等需要查找的对象，常用于“look up sth. in.../look sth. up in...”结构。
If you don't know what it means, refer to the dictionary.
＝If you don't know what it means, look it up in the dictionary.
如果你不知道它的意思，去查词典。
即学即练　判断下列句子中refer to的含义/结合refer to和look up的相关用法完成句子
①Study skills refer to behaviours that lead to academic success.________________
②In all walks of life, when referring to someone's success, we often use the words “efforts and determination”．________________
③He referred to a history book to find out when the French Revolution broke out.________________
④怀特教授在会上提到的那封信是他父亲写的。
The letter ________________ at the meeting by Professor White is written by his father.
⑤阿姆斯特丹因其便利的桥梁和运河系统，常被称为“北方的威尼斯”。
Amsterdam is often __________________________ the “Venice of the North” due to its convenient system of bridges and canals.
3 limited adj.有限的　limit vt. 限制，限定　n．[C]限度，限制；界限，范围
(1)limit...to... 把……限制在……内(其被动形式为be limited to...)
a time/speed/age limit 时间/速度/年龄限制
without limit 无限地，无限制地
within limits 在合理限度内；在一定范围内，适度地；有限度地
set a limit on... 对……作出限制
set strict limits on 对……作严格限制
There is a/no limit to... ……是有/无限度的。(to是介词)
(2)the limited number/amount/time 有限的数目/数量/时间
(be of) limited use/value 有限的用途/价值
the limited resources 有限的资源
be limited to 限于；被限制在
(3)unlimited adj. 尽量多的，任意多的，无限制的
limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的，无止境的
limitation n. [U]限制，控制；[C，usually pl.]局限，限度
Just like a sea voyage, our life journey, whose days are limited, is full of difficulties and surprises.
正像一次海上航行，我们有限的生命旅程充满了困难和惊喜。
They may only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.
他们可能只有有限的时间来阐述清楚他们的观点。
The teaching of history should not be limited to dates and figures.
教授历史不应该局限于讲年代和人物。
There's no limit to what you can do if you try.
如果你努力的话，成就无可限量。
特别提示
与limit搭配的“to”为介词，后跟名词、动名词。
即学即练　用limit的适当形式填空/结合limit的用法完成句子
①When people live on a very ________ diet, it is necessary to make a special effort to supply the missing vitamins.
②The knowledge of the children is ________，but their imagination is ________.
③在我看来，你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度。
In my opinion, you had better __________________________ the expense of this trip.
④生命是有限的，但学习是无限的。
Life is limited，but there is ______________________________．
4 postpone vt.延迟，延期
(1)postpone sth. (to/until...) 推迟……(到……)
(2)postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事
We'll have to postpone the meeting until/to next week.
我们不得不把会议推迟到下星期。
Let's postpone making a decision until we have more information.
我们等有更多信息之后再做决定吧。
同义词比较
·delay是普通用词，多指因外界原因而推迟或耽误，也可指有意推迟。
·postpone是正式用词，语气较强，多指有安排的延期，常指明延期到一定的时间。
·put off和postpone的意思和用法更加相似，有“延迟、推迟”的意思。区别在于它是一个口语表达，经常出现在日常生活对话中。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He decided to postpone ________ (buy) the house because his mother was ill, which cost him a lot of money.
②The heavy rain lasted for about a week so that the sports meeting had to ________ (postpone) until the next month.
5 speed up(使)加速
用法讲解
speed up既可作及物短语动词，又可作不及物短语动词。其反义短语是slow down，意为“(使)减速”。
(1)speed vi. 快速前行
vt. 加速，促进
speed by (时间)飞快地过去；飞逝
(2)speed n. [C，U]速度；[U]快，迅速
at low/high/full/top speed 以低/高/全/最高速
at a/the speed of... 以……的速度
at great speed 以很快的速度
at lightning speed 以闪电般的速度
pick up speed 加快速度
at speed 迅速
Nancy, if you don't speed up, we'll be there at midnight.
南希，如果你不加快速度，我们将会半夜才到那儿。
Facing such a good opportunity, we must speed up production.
面对这么好的机会，我们必须加速生产。
Time always speeds by when you're having a good time.
快乐的时光总是过得飞快。
The train is travelling at a speed of eighty miles an hour.
火车正以每小时80英里的速度行进。
He is driving at high speed.
他正开车高速行驶。
He is a good driver. Most of the time, he drives his car at a speed of 60 kilometres per hour. But yesterday there was a seriously injured person in his car, so he gradually speeded up but within the speed limit. Eventually, he took the injured person to the hospital safely.
他是一位好司机。大部分时间，他以每小时60千米的速度开车行驶。但是昨天他的车上有一个受伤严重的人，因此他逐渐加快速度，但在速度限制范围内。最终，他安全地把受伤的人送到了医院。
即学即练　单句语法填空/结合speed的用法完成句子
①To speed ________ the flow of traffic, the government of our city has decided to broaden some main streets.
②那辆小汽车以每小时100千米的速度行驶。
The car ran ________________________________ 100 kilometres per hour.
③急刹车会是非常吓人的经历，特别是你正在高速行进的时候。
Bringing your car to a sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially when you are travelling ________________________________________________________________．
④我们如果想及时到达那里，最好加快速度。
We'd better ________________________________________ if we want to get there in time.
6 pay off取得成功，奏效；付清，偿清
pay back 偿还；还钱
pay up 总算付清全部欠款
pay for... 为……付款；支付……的钱，为……付出代价
pay out 付巨款
pay attention to sb./sth. 集中注意力于某人/某事
pay a visit to/pay a call on 拜访，参观
With the help of a lot of people, our plan paid off.
在很多人的帮助下，我们的计划成功了。
All his efforts have paid off and his dream has come true.
他所有的努力都得到了回报，他的梦想实现了。
The poor couple worked hard day and night in order to pay off their debts. 这对可怜的夫妇日夜努力工作以偿清债务。
特别提示
pay off作“成功，奏效，达到目的”讲时，为不及物动词短语；作“付清，还清债务”讲时，为及物动词短语。
即学即练　结合pay的相关短语完成句子
①Our teachers often tell us that every minute we spend on study will finally ________ in the near future.
②J. K. Rowling spent many hours in a warm cafe because she had no money to ________ the heating at home.
7 conduct vt.组织，实施，执行；安排；带领；举行，表现　vi.& vt.指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏)；引导；举止,n.[U]行为，举止；管理方法　conductor n．[C](乐队等的)指挥；(公共汽车的)售票员；列车长；导体
(1)conduct an experiment/an interview 进行实验/面试(采访)
conduct a survey/an investigation 进行调查
conduct a campaign 开展活动
(2)conduct oneself well/badly (行为)表现好/差
conduct sb. to... 引导某人去……
The government conducted a survey to find out local reaction to the sports centre.
政府进行了一次调查，以了解当地人对体育中心的反应。
On the second day of this journey, the guide conducted us around the West Lake.
在这次旅行的第二天，导游带领我们游览了西湖。
Child as he is, he really conducts himself well before guests.
他虽然还是个孩子，但在客人面前表现得很好。
The concert conducted by Andrew turned out to be very successful.
安德鲁指挥的那场音乐会很成功。
His conduct disagrees with his words.
他言行不一。
His conduct of the business was very successful.
他经商非常成功。
特别提示
conduct词性不同时，发音不同。作名词时重音在前，作动词时重音在后，即“名前动后”。此类单词常见的还有：
transport n．输送　vt.输送　import n．进口　vt.& vi. 进口
increase n．增加　vi.& vt.增加
export n．出口(产品)　vt.& vi. 出口
record n．记录；唱片；纪录 vt.记录
suspect n．可疑对象，嫌疑分子　vt.怀疑
即学即练　选出能替换下列句子中画线部分的词语/完成句子
①Using AI, many companies are now conducting experiments that couldn't have been possible just a few years ago. (performing/describing)________________
②My friend conducted us around the oldest museum in the country. (led/invited)________________
③I'm glad to see your conduct at school improved. (operation/behaviour)________________
④我们正在进行一项调查，以了解顾客对当地公共汽车服务系统的看法。
We are ________________________________________________ to find out what customers think of the local bus service.
8 survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物　survive vt.& vi.幸存；生存；比……活得长
(1)the struggle/battle/fight for survival 为生存而斗争/战斗/拼搏
a survival from sth. 某事物的残存物(遗风、遗迹)
the survival of the fittest 适者生存
(2)survive the accident/earthquake 在事故/地震中大难不死
survive from 从……(时期)保存下来
survive sb. by＋时间段 比某人多活了……
For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
对于突然发生的心力衰竭，唯一的最佳生存机会是让附近的人介入并迅速做心肺复苏。
Without clean water, we would be unable to survive.
没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own ________ (survive).
②我相信我能战胜这个挑战。
I believe I can ________________ this challenge.
③有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留下来的。
Some strange customs have ________________ earlier times.
9 error n．错误，差错
through/by trial and error 经反复试验
error of judgment 判断失误
human error 人为过失
an error message 出错信息
be in error 犯错，失误
make an error 犯错误
I think you have made an error in calculating the total.
我想你在计算总数时出了差错。
The computer system was switched off in error (＝by mistake).计算机系统被错误关闭。警示
error相当正式，主要用于与计算机相关的语境中，或用于human error等固定搭配。在日常英语中，人们一般用mistake来表示“错误”。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①While rock-climbing, you need to remain very focused so that you won't make any dangerous ________ (error).
②反复试验才能找到真理。
________________ leads to the finding of truth.
10 draw on利用；动用
(1)draw on his experience 利用他的经验
draw on my savings 动用我的存款
(2)draw back 移开，后退
draw sb. in (sth.) 使某人卷入/参与(某事)
draw to a close/an end 结束，终止
draw a conclusion 得出结论
draw one's attention to... 把某人的注意力吸引到……
The older boy can draw on his past experience to help his little brother.
哥哥可以利用过去的经验来帮助弟弟。
I'd like to draw your attention to certain points about taking notes.
我想提醒你们注意记笔记的某些要点。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①I'll have to draw ________ my savings.
②The novelist draws heavily ________ her personal experiences.
③We started to meet regularly to draw ________ our plans.
11 beneficial adj.有益的，有用的　benefit n．益处，好处；福利　v．使受益，得益于
(1)be beneficial to 对……有益
have a beneficial effect on 对……有有利影响
(2)have the benefit of sth. 获益于某事物
get/gain/derive benefit (from sth.) (从某事物处)得到好处
for one's benefit＝for the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益
be of benefit (to sb.) (对某人)有益
benefit from/by 从……中获益
We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.
我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Cycling is highly beneficial ________ health and the environment.
②The overall effects of the publicity have been more ________ (benefit) than harmful.
③年轻人能从各种户外活动中受益。
Young people ________ various kinds of outdoor activities.
12 wisdom n．智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智　wise adj.明智的；有判断力的　wisely adv.明智地
the wisdom of (doing) sth. (做)某事的智慧
a woman of great wisdom 才女
words of wisdom 至理名言
the conventional/traditional wisdom 普遍的看法/传统的信念
in sb.'s wisdom 以某人的智慧(表示不理解他人为何决定做某事)
There is only one thing that people can't take away from you, and that is your wisdom!
这个世界上只有一种东西是别人无法从你身上拿走的，那就是你的智慧！
Learning to manage time wisely, and you can make the most out of each day.学会明智地管理时间，那么你可以充分利用每一天。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①They are the representatives of ancient civilization and the ________ (wise) of ancient folks.
②It's wise ________ (check) whether the flight times have changed before you leave for the airport.
③Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources ________ (wise).
13 illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于　illustration n．图表，插图；示例
illustrate that 说明(事实)
illustrate...with... 用……诠释……
His latest book is illustrated with many photographs.
他最近出版的那本书附有很多照片。
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic...
在一件2018年的作品里，Von Wong想说明一个特定的统计数据……
比较
·explain含义广，最普通用词，指把某事向原来不了解、不清楚的人解释明白、说清楚等。
·illustrate多指用实例或插图、表加以说明。
拓展
the art of book illustration
书籍插图的艺术
by way of illustration作为说明
即学即练　单句语法填空
The statistics are a clear ________ (illustrate) of the point I am trying to make.
第二版块|重点句型解构
1 (教材原句)Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem.然而，即使生产了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另一个问题。
[句式分析]　本句为简单句。with... produced为“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，在句中作状语。
[考点提炼]　“with＋宾语(名词/代词)＋过去分词”结构
此结构为with复合结构的一种，其中过去分词(短语)表示被动或动作已完成。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。(the door与lock是逻辑上的动宾关系)
With his hair cut, he looked much younger.
由于理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(hair与cut是逻辑上的动宾关系)
[归纳拓展]　with复合结构的其他形式：
with复合结构在句中通常作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因或条件等。该结构常见的其他形式有：
(1)with＋宾语＋形容词/副词
In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open.
在夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。
She left the room with all the lights on.
她离开了房间，所有的灯还亮着。
(2)with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动、动作正在进行)。注意不能用现在分词的完成式。
She fell asleep with the light burning.
她睡着了，灯还亮着。
(3)with＋宾语＋动词不定式
She knew that with him to help her, she could and would succeed.
她知道，有他帮忙，她能够而且会成功。
With many children to look after, she had to stay at home.
有好多孩子要照看，她只好待在家里。
(4)with＋宾语＋介词短语(表示宾语所处的状态)
Don't stand with your hands in your pockets.
站着的时候不要把你的双手插在口袋里。
即学即练　单句语法填空/写作升级(with复合结构)
①The problem of phone addiction (瘾) has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists ________ (try) to increase awareness of this problem.
②With so many problems ________ (discuss), we decided to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
③With the virus ________ (spread) rapidly in this region, a large amount of equipment as well as medical experts from abroad has been sent here so far.
④But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills ________ (attach) to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
⑤The boy led the way and we found the house easily.
→__________________________， we found the house easily.
⑥There is an exam to take tomorrow, so I can't go to the cinema tonight.
→____________________ tomorrow, I can't go to the cinema tonight.
⑦As all the work was finished, he went home happily.
→__________________________， he went home happily.
2 (教材原句)The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. 在患者身上进行的试验可能会被推迟，因为他们没有足够的安全数据。
[句式分析]　本句为“sb. is likely to do sth.”(某人有可能做某事)的变异形式。
辨：可能性大小：probable>likely>possible
Sb./Sth. be possible to do sth.(×)
Sb./Sth. be probable to do sth.(×)
It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.(√)
It is likely/possible/probable that...(√)
“likely”的主语既可以是人，也可以是物，还可以是形式主语it；而possible, probable通常只能用it作形式主语
例：她有可能通过这次考试。
She is likely to pass the exam.
It is possible for her to pass the exam.
It is likely/possible/probable that she will pass the exam.
特别提示
likely, probable, possible用法。可以说：
①It is probable/likely/possible (for sb.) to do sth.
②It is probable/likely/possible that...
③sb. is likely to do sth.但不可以说sb. is probable/possible to do sth.
即学即练　单句语法填空
①These developments are likely ________ (make) our current problems with robocalls much worse.
②Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely ________(beat) the biggest car companies.
③Women who drank a lot of coffee were more likely ________ (have) children with birth defects.
3 (教材原句)However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments.
然而，直到20世纪70年代，经过多次失败的试验后，屠呦呦才成功地发现了青蒿素。
[句式分析]　(1)强调句结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”。
(2)对not...until...进行强调时应将not一起置于被强调的部分里面。that后其他部分是不含有not的肯定陈述句。
It was not until you pointed it out to me that I realized my mistake.
直到你给我指出它，我才意识到自己的错误。
Not until he suffered from a deadly disease did he know nothing is more precious than a healthy body.
直到他患了一种致命的疾病，他才知道没有什么比健康的身体更宝贵。
拓展
含有not...until引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，如果把not until置于句首，则主句用部分倒装，从句不倒装。已经把not提前，主句为肯定的陈述句。
Not until I failed a second time did I realize that I had wasted too much precious time.
直到我又一次失败我才意识到我已经浪费了太多宝贵的时间。
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It wasn't until 1980—32 years into his career—________ he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane!
②It was not until I came here ________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
③直到我开始学习，我才意识到有多少工作要做。
__________________________ realize how much work there was to do.
④直到我离开家，我才意识到我会这么想念家人。
Not until I left home ______________ how much I would miss my family.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They have been ________ (彻底的，完全的) enemies ever since the experiment proved a failure.
2．The ceremony in this province is a ________ (遗留物) from pre-Christian times.
3．The thunderstorm bringing great loss was in several ________ (省份) along the Yangtze River.
4．She took a ________ (广泛的) view of the duties of being a politician.
5．She was ________ (想要，计划) to play a leading role in the space exploration.
6．What's her ________ (方法，秘诀) for selling household appliances
7．I didn't follow a recipe book so it was an ________ (尝试，实践).
8．Limited by experiment devices, we should have the machine on ________ (实验，试用) for another week.
9．Water resource is vital to humans' survival and development, and it's ________ (有限的).
10．He decided to ________ (推迟) the lecture until the following day.
11．He had ________ (充分的) data for the research.
12．The ________ (数据) also showed that eating dark chocolate may exert additional beneficial effects throughout the whole body.
13．I explore the black color differently, not as a ________(纯粹的) color, but as the existence of shadow.
14．He continues to ________ (开讲座), conduct research, teach and publish scientific papers.
15.They are happy to discuss and ________ (探索) multiple possibilities and are keen to challenge conventional wisdom.
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．This book ____________ children who are interested in insects.
2．The experiment is worth a trial, and in my opinion, it ____________ the entire country.
3．We shall have to ____________ our savings if we decide to conduct this experiment.
4．This work is starting to ____________ with our continuous experiments.
5．I have used this term to ____________ the data that we are collecting about use and usage.
6．I was determined to ____________： What would happen if I drank the recommended amount every day for a month
7．It is an urgent task to ____________ the application of the modern educational technology.
8．Only ____________ can you realise who you really are, which activities you prefer.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Some households are addicted to the new TV program about ________(survive) in the wild.
2．Peter had intended ________(take) a job in business, but abandoned that plan by accident for an unpleasant experience in Canada in 2020.
3．Can you tell us your recipe ________ the theory study
4．When I am faced with difficulties in illustrating the specific theory, I usually choose to refer ________ web pages.
5．“The Thinking Laboratory” refers to a workshop in which the kids carry out ________(experiment).
6．To lose weight, he intends to limit himself ________ three cups of milk and several fruits a day.
7．It was an unpopular decision to postpone ________ (build) the new hospital in this province.
8．She recovered ________ (sufficient) to accompany Chou on his tour of Jiangsu Province.
9．Bill Robinson will first be put ________ trial for murder, based on the sufficient data.
10．The cobra, containing deadly poison, is one of the world's ________ (deadly) snakes.
11．As to the tradition, Hindus usually ________ (pure) themselves by bathing in the river Ganges.
12．We are going to listen to a lecture ________ the space exploration this afternoon.
13．He was always putting forward many creative ideas for us to explore instead of standing in front of us ________ (lecture) for a period.
14．Mr. Sand always encouraged us ________ (explore) the evolution of the animals.
15．When humans are in times of disaster, they always show the ________ (wise) to stay positive and the intelligence to rebuild for a brighter future.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．由于在日常烹调中使用草药，那位老太太比她所有的兄弟姐妹多活了10年。(survive sb. by)
The old lady has ______________________________________________________________
ten years for using herbs in daily cookery.
2．他已下定决心要他的儿子管理作坊。(intend sb. to do sth.)
He has made up his mind to ____________________________ manage the workshop.
3．如果你想做关于电现象的实验，你想用什么材料呢？(experiment with)
________________________________，what materials would you use
4．他很可能会在下周的演讲中出现。(Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.)
________________________________ in the lecture next week.
5．直到那时，我才意识到他们的婚姻正在破裂，因为他们没有什么共同之处。(It was not until...that...)
________________________________ I realized their marriage was breaking up because they had little in common.
温馨提示：请完成课时作业（十）
Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world
Section A　Welcome to the unit & Reading
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．malaria　2.deadly　3.extract　4.herb　5.trial 6．household　7.province　8.broad　9.experiment 10．postpone　11.data
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．theory; theoretical; theoretically　2.survival; survive; survivor　3.intend; intention　4.limited; limit; limitation　5.container; contain　6.sufficient; insufficient　7.pure; purity; purify　8.explore; exploration; explorer　9.wisdom; wise　10.beneficial; benefit　11.conduct; conduction; conductor; conductive　12.illustrate; illustration
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．make a difference to　2.make great contributions to 3．thanks to　4.die of/from　5.a cure for　6.fail to do sth.　7.refer to　8.at a low temperature　9.in order not to 10．succeed in doing sth.　11.manage to do sth. 12．solutions to　13.day and night　14.give up 15．large amounts of　16.be likely to do sth.　17.speed up 18．volunteer to do sth.　19.pay off　20.draw on
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．with large amounts of qinghao extract produced
2．The trials on patients were likely to be postponed
文本研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.语篇结构
1．discovery　2.medicine　3.referred to　4.safety
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．A　2.B　3.A　4.D
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．to receive　2.studied　3.for　4.Inspired　5.effective 6．However　7.be postponed　8.safety　9.the　10.which
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①to see　②to improve　③intention　④had intended/planned to help
2．①涉及　②提到　③查阅　④referred to　⑤referred to as
3．①limited　②limited; limitless　③set a limit on　④no limit to learning
4．①buying　②be postponed
5．①up　②at a speed of　③at high speed　④speed up
6．①pay off　②pay for
7．①performing　②led　③behaviour　④conducting/doing a survey
8．①survival　②survive from　③survived from
9．①errors　②Trial and error
10．①on　②on　③up
11．①to　②beneficial　③benefit from
12．①wisdom　②to check　③wisely
13．illustration
第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①trying　②to discuss　③spreading　④attached　⑤With the boy leading the way　⑥With an exam to take　⑦With all the work finished
2．①to make　②to beat　③to have
3．①that　②that　③Not until I began to learn did I　④did I realize
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．deadly　2.survival　3.provinces　4.broad　5.intended　6.recipe　7.experiment　8.trial　9.limited　10.postpone　11.sufficient　12.data　13.pure　14.lecture　15.explore
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．is intended for　2.is beneficial to　3.draw on　4.pay off　5.refer to　6.conduct an experiment　7.speed up　8.through trial and error
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．survival　2.to take　3.for　4.to　5.experiments　6.to　7.building　8.sufficiently　9.on　10.deadliest　11.purify　12.on/about　13.lecturing　14.to explore　15.wisdom
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．survived all her sisters and brothers by
2．intend his son to
3．If you want to experiment with electricity
4．He is likely to appear
5．It was not until then that

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