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Unit 4 单元基础知识汇总
巧记速背·自查自测
本单元词汇
[黑体部分为重点单词]
forehead /'f r d/ n. 额，前额
blank /bl k/ adj. 无表情的，木然的
dizzy /'d zi/ adj. 头晕目眩的
chairwoman /'t e w m n/ n. 女主席；女会长
sunrise /'s nra z/ n. 日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
potential /p 'ten ( )l/ n. (事物的)潜力，可能性
bug /b g/ n. 突然的兴趣，迷恋
enterprising /'ent pra z / adj. 有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
input /' np t/ n. 投入(物)
obstacle /' bst k( )l/ n. 障碍，阻碍，妨碍
phase /fe z/ n. 阶段，时期
manufacturer / m nj 'f kt ( )r / n. 制造商；制造公司，制造厂
cosmetics /k z'met ks/ n. 化妆品，美容品
purchase /'p t s/ v. 购买
distribution / d str 'bju ( )n/ n. (商品的)分销，经销
bonus /'b n s/ n. 资金；红利
entrepreneurial / ntr pr 'n ri l/ adj.
创业的，具有创业精神的
guidance /'ga d( )ns/ n. 指导，引导
consultant /k n's lt nt/ n. 顾问
助记)　
①构词　fore-（前缀：前面的）＋head n．头→forehead n．
②对比　裹着“毯子”(blanket)的他“无表情”(blank)
③对比　chairman n．主席；会长—chairwoman n．
④合成　sun n．太阳＋rise vi.升起→sunrise n．
⑤构词　enterprise n．企业，事业＋-ing（形容词后缀：表示行为、状态、情况）→enterprising adj.
⑥对比　input（输入）—output（输出）
⑦联想　“短语”(phrase)学到这个“阶段”(phase)已经不少了
⑧派生　manufacture vt.制造＋-(e)r（名词后缀：做……的人）→manufacturer n．
⑨联想　一位女“顾客”(customer)来买“化妆品”(cosmetics)
⑩联想　“追求”(chase)的东西就要“购买”(purchase)
派生　distribute vt.分发＋-ion（名词后缀：表示行为）→distribution n．
对比　enterprising adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的—entrepreneurial adj.创业的，具有创业精神的
联想　在老师的指导(guidance)和同学们的帮助(assistance)下，我的备考工作进展(advance)顺利
派生　consult v．咨询＋-ant（名词后缀：进行……的人）→consultant n．
conventional /k n'ven ( )n l/ adj. 传统的，常规的
discriminate /d 'skr m ne t/ v. 不公正地区别对待，歧视
equator / 'kwe t / n. 赤道
estate / 'ste t/ n. 庄园
superior/su 'p ri / adj. 质量上乘的，优质的
mild /ma ld/ adj. 不浓烈的，淡的
calorie /'k l ri/ n. 卡(路里)
subjective /s b'd ekt v/ adj. 主观的
freshman /'fre m n/ n. (高中或大学的)一年级学生
afloat / 'fl t/ adj. 经济上周转得开的；不欠债的
interfere / nt 'f / v. 介入；干涉
rational /'r ( )n l/ adj. (想法、决定等)合理的，基于理性的
exceed / k'si d/ v. 超过，超出
financial /f 'n n ( )l/ adj. 财政的，金融的；财务的
accumulate / 'kju mj le t/ v. 积累，积聚
automatically / t 'm t kli/ adv. 自动地
助记)　
①派生　convention n．传统，常规＋-al（形容词后缀：与……有关的）→conventional adj.
②联想　“超级好的”(super)就是“质量上乘的”(superior)
③派生　subject n．主语＋-ive（形容词后缀：与……有关的，有……性质/倾向的）→subjective adj.
④合成　fresh adj.新的，新增的＋man n．人→（高中或大学的）一年级学生
⑤联想　船员在海上“漂流”(float)“一个”(a)月后赚了很多钱，现在“不欠债”(afloat)
⑥构词　inter-（前缀：在……中间，在……之间）,＋fere→interfere v．
⑦派生　ration n．理性＋-al（形容词后缀：与……有关的）→rational adj.
⑧联想　“速度”(speed)已经“超过”(exceed)规定
⑨派生　finance （n.金融）＋-ial（形容词后缀：属于……的，有……性质的）→financial adj.
⑩构词　automatic adj.＋-ally（副词后缀：表示方式、程度、状态）→automatically adv.
toddler /'t dl / n. 学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩
sorrow /'s r / n. 令人悲伤的事，不幸
frustration /fr 'stre ( )n/ n. 懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
hire /ha / v. (短期的)租用，租借
thereby / e 'ba / adv. 因此，由此
supervision / su p 'v ( )n/ n. 监督；管理
expense / k'spens/ n. 费用，花费
abuse / 'bju s/ n. 滥用
theft /θeft/ n. 偷窃，偷盗
purse /p s/ n. (女式)钱包
助记)　
①构词　toddle v．蹒跚学步，摇摇晃晃地走＋-(e)r（名词后缀：……的人）→toddler n．
②对比　joy n. 欢乐；乐趣—sorrow n．令人悲伤的事，不幸
③派生　frustrate v．挫败，受挫＋-ion（名词后缀：……状态）→frustration n．
④对比　办公室被人hire（租用）—办公室有人被fire（开除）
⑤派生　supervise v．监督；管理＋-ion（名词后缀：表示行为或状态）→supervision n．
⑥对比　我的“目的”(purpose)是买这个“钱包”(purse)
本单元短语
make ends meet 使收支仅能相抵
interfere with 妨碍，阻止
go into debt 陷入债务之中，负债
designer clothes 名牌服装
rent out 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
at the expense of 以损害……为代价
as to 关于，至于
start out 出发；开始
in response to 对……的反应
at rock-bottom prices 以最低价格
do a further favour 再帮一次忙
as is often the case 情况常常如此
be subject to 从属于
单元评价·自查自纠
Ⅰ.单词
1．________ n．额，前额
2．________ n．投入(物)
3．________ n．阶段，时期
4．________ v．购买
5．________ n．赤道
6．________ adj.质量上乘的，优质的
7．________ adj.主观的
8．________ v．(短期的)租用，租借
9．________ n．滥用
10．________ n．偷窃，偷盗
11．________ n．日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
12．________ adj.不浓烈的，淡的
13．________ adj.无表情的，木然的
14．________ v．超过，超出
15．________ adj.有潜力的　n. (事物的)潜力，可能性→________ adv. 潜在地
16．________ v. 分配，分发→________ n. (商品的)分销，经销
17．________ v. 指导，指引 n. 导游→________ n. 指导，引导
18．________ v. 咨询；商量→________ n. 顾问
19．________ n. 习俗，常规→________ adj. 传统的，常规的
20．________ v. 不公正地区别对待，歧视→________ n. 区别对待，歧视
21．________ v. 积累，积聚→________ n. 积累，积聚
22．________ adj. 自动的→________ adv. 自动地
23．________ v. 使懊恼，使沮丧→________ n. 懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
Ⅱ.短语
1．________________ 喜欢
2．________________ 以……结束
3．________________ 许多，大量
4．________________ 对……有好处
5．________________ 愿意做
6．________________ 以损害……为代价
7．________________ 牢记
8．________________ 希望
9．________________ 呈现；承担；雇用
10．________________ 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
11．________________ 与……有关
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．独立主格结构
They stared back, ____________________________________________________．(他们面无表情，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么)
2．强调句型
____________ only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents ________ Zhang realised the potential.(正是……时，才……)
3．It takes sb./sth.＋(时间/精力/金钱等)＋to do sth...
As people say, “__________________________．” (养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力量)
Unit 4　单元基础知识汇总
单元评价·自查自纠
Ⅰ.单词
1．forehead　2.input　3.phase　4.purchase　5.equator
6．superior　7.subjective　8.hire　9.abuse　10.theft
11．sunrise　12.mild　13.blank　14.exceed　15.potential；potentially　16.distribute; distribution　17.guide; guidance
18．consult; consultant　19.convention; conventional　20.discriminate; discrimination　21.accumulate; accumulation　22.automatic; automatically　23.frustrate; frustration
Ⅱ.短语
1．be fond of　2.end up　3.a number of　4.be beneficial to　5.be willing to do　6.at the expense of　7.keep in mind
8．in the hope of　9.take on　10.rent out　11.be relevant to
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next
2．It was; that
3．It takes a village to raise a childUnit 4 Everyday economics
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
(　　)1.forehead A．n.日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
(　　)2.chairwoman B．n.投入(物)
(　　)3.sunrise C．n.女主席；女会长
(　　)4.bug D．n.障碍，阻碍，妨碍
(　　)5.input E．n.阶段，时期
(　　)6.obstacle F．v.购买
(　　)7.phase G．n.化妆品，美容品
(　　)8.cosmetics H．n.奖金；红利
(　　)9.purchase I．n.突然的兴趣，迷恋
(　　)10.bonus J．n.额，前额
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．enterprise n．公司→enterprising adj.有创业精神 的；有事业心的；有进取心的→________ adj.创业的，具有创业精神的
2．distribute v．分配，分发→________ n．(商品的)分销，经销→distributor n．销售者；批发商；分销商
3．guide v．指导；指引 n．导游→________n.指导，引导
4．consult v．咨询；商量→________ n．顾问
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．take a deep ________ 深呼吸
2．be ________ of 喜欢
3．________ up 结果
4．________ from 毕业于
5．give ________ 归还
6．in the ________ of 希望
7．the ________ 大多数
8．a ________ of 许多，大量
预习验收·衔接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．________ n. 额，前额
2．________ adj. 无表情的，木然的
3．________ adj. 头晕目眩的
4．________ n. 障碍，阻碍，妨碍
5．________ n. 阶段，时期
6．________ v. 购买
Ⅱ.短语填空
take a deep breath, be fond of, end up, a number of, persuade... to, be willing to, dream of，most of all
1. ________________， I can do the job that I want to do.
2．I have always ________________ flying my own plane.
3．________________ working women are in low paid jobs.
4．We're trying to ________ manufacturers ________ sell them here.
5．I had ________________ our little house and felt sad to leave it.
6．Her lips parted as if she were about to ________________．
7．If you ________________ help me, I'll find somebody who will.
8．We had to eat out all the time. It ______________ costing a fortune.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．张月感到头晕目眩，她深吸了一口气，艰难地完成了她的演讲……
________________， Zhang Yue took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation...
2．这就是为什么我需要你的帮助，把我激动人心的新事业变成一个成功的事业。
And ________________ I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.
3．直到那时，当地人才开始相信我。
It was ________________the locals began to believe me.
课文自测·强化理解
Ⅰ.课文解构(挑战创新题)
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.
[句式分析]
本句为强调句型It was...that...结构。强调的是介词短语only after...her parents。
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．All over the world, an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as the growing economy creates more opportunities.
[句式分析]
本句为主从复合句。主句为an increasing number of...their own businesses，as引导原因状语从句。
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience.
[句式分析]
本句为主从复合句。The biggest challenge... work for me为主句，which引导非限制性定语从句。
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.表格填空
Business Blossoms
Structure Of the text Part 1 (Para. 1～Para. 2) ·The line of sweat ran down her 1.________. ·She mainly feared the four people seated in front of her. ·She struggled to finish her 2.________. ·Her company lies in a 3.________. ·People should finish picking the rose flowers before 4.________.
Part 2 (Para. 3～Para. 4) ·She graduated from university overseas and realised the 5.________ of planting rose flowers. ·She wanted to give something back to her home town. ·Being her own boss gave her some 6.________.
Part 3 (Para. 5～Para. 6) ·More and more enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses. ·Zhang Yue got investment and the all important 7.________ and support. ·She has overcome a number of 8. ________ to succeed in her business. ·Her product is one of the best in Asia.
Part 4 (Para. 7～Para. 8) ·She advised that people should be realistic and seek 9.________ from expert consultants. ·To succeed in business, people should need a lot of things. ·Most of all, don't be too 10.________.
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．How did Zhang Yue feel when appeared on TV
A．Excited. B．Nervous.
C．Depressed. D．Calm.
2．Why should rose flowers be picked before sunrise
A．Because they grow well then.
B．Because they are most beautiful then.
C．Because there are too many people then.
D．Because they are easily damaged or broken.
3．What's the biggest challenge at the initial phase for Zhang Yue
A．Her parents' disapproval.
B．Her lack of confidence.
C．How to win the belief of local people.
D．Her lack of capital and equipment.
4．How did a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics help Zhang Yue
A．To provide her with a lot of money.
B．To buy her product and help with its distribution.
C．To provide her some advice.
D．To help her plant rose flowers.
5．What can be learned from the statement of Zhang Yue in the last paragraph
A．Young people should be modest and know their weaknesses.
B．Running one's own business is easy.
C．Good management and negotiating skills is the most important.
D．There is no need to know the limits of people you work with.
Ⅴ.选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息(其中有一项是多余的)
A．As people say
B．As she spoke
C．After I went on TV
D．as she struggled to finish her presentation
E.as the growing economy creates more opportunities
F．Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit
1．________， Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking.
2．Zhang Yue took a deep breath ________.
3．________， “It takes a village to raise a child.”
4．________， a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution.
5．________， she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
原文研读·立体透析
[词汇积累]
①forehead/'f r d/n．额，前额
②blank/bl k/adj.无表情的，木然的
③dizzy/'d zi/adj.头晕目眩的
④take a deep breath深呼吸
⑤presentation n.提交；出示；介绍会
⑥chairwoman/'t e w m n/ n.女主席；女会长
⑦be fond of 喜欢
⑧sunrise/'s nra z/n.日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
⑨delicate adj.易碎的；纤细的
⑩graduate from毕业于
potential/p 'ten ( )l/ n．(事物的)潜力，可能性
bug/b ɡ/n.突然的兴趣，迷恋
enterprising/'ent pra z / adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
economy n．经济
investment n．投资
devotion n．奉献；关爱
the majority 大多数
rejection n．拒绝
input/' np t/n.投入(物)
experienced adj.有经验的
entrepreneur n.企业家
overcome v．克服
obstacle/' bst k( )l/n.障碍，阻碍，妨碍
initial adj.最初的
phase/fe z/n.阶段，时期
manufacturer/ m nj 'f kt ( )r /n.制造商；制造公司，制造厂
cosmetics/k z'met ks/n.化妆品，美容品
purchase/'p t s/v．购买
distribution/ d str 'bju ( )n/n.(商品的)分销，经销
decent adj.合适的；适当的
bonus/'b n s/n.奖金；红利
[教材原文]
Business Blossoms
As_she_spoke[1], Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking. She couldn't, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead①， which_was_caused_partly_by_the_heat_of_the_television_studio [2], but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. They stared back, their blank② faces giving no clue as to what_they_would_say_next_[3].Feeling_dizzy③，_Zhang_Yue_took_a_deep_breath④_as_she_struggled_to_finish_her_presentation⑤_[4]，“And_that_is_why_I_need_your_help_in_turning_my_new_and_exciting_business_into_a_successful_one[5].”
[1]As 引导时间状语从句。
[2]which引导非限制性定语从句。
[3]as to是介词短语，其后是宾语从句，what在宾语从句中作say的宾语。
[4]Feeling dizzy是现在分词短语作状语，as引导状语从句。
[5]is后是why引导的表语从句。
Now chairwoman⑥ of her own company, Zhang Yue is fond of⑦ saying, “The early bird catches the worm.” The_place_where_this_happens_is_a_valley[6], a world away from any television studio. Moving carefully through the darkness, she passes row upon row of rose plants. In an hour, these fields will be full of people, working quickly to pick the flowers before sunrise⑧. “It has to be done then，” says Zhang. “These flowers are delicate⑨ .”
[6]The place是先行词，where引导定语从句。
Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing. Surrounded_by_roses_as_she_was_growing_up[7], she paid them little attention. It_was_only_after_graduating_from⑩_university_overseas_and_returning_to_visit_her_parents_that_Zhang_realised_the_potential [8]. “Conditions are ideal here，” she says.“This is a place where roses grow wild.”
[7]Surrounded by...是过去分词短语作状语。
[8]本句属于强调句。
Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which_surprised_many_people[9]. “I wanted to experience the freedom of being my own boss，”she said. “But I also wanted to give something back to my home town. As people say, ‘It takes a village to raise a child.’”
She_is_not_the_only_young_person_to_have_been_bitten_by_the_start up_bug [10]. All over the world, an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as_the_growing_economy _creates_more_opportunities[11]. Like Zhang, they present their ideas in the hope of getting investment and advice, and they have the same passion and devotion . The majority meet with rejection . A few, like Zhang Yue, find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all important input and support from more experienced business people. The road to their success is however still a long and difficult one, with many challenges along the way.
[10]the only, the first/last修饰名词，名词后常跟不定式作定语。
[11]as引导原因状语从句。
As someone who grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants. However, like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had a lot to learn. She has overcome a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today. “The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience. Few in the village believed I could create a multi million yuan business from flowers，”says Zhang. “After I went on TV, a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution . It_was_only_then_that_the_locals_began_to_believe_me[12]. Now my product is one of the best in Asia. This year, I can pay all my fellow workers a decent bonus .”
[12]句中It was only then that...为强调句型。
[课文译文]
事业开花
张月一边说着，一边把双手放在身后，来掩饰自己在发抖。然而，她却无法掩饰额头上流淌的汗水，部分原因是电视演播室的高温，更多的原因是害怕坐在她前面的四个人。他们回过头来，面无表情，不知道接下来他们会说什么。张月感到头晕目眩，她深吸了一口气，艰难地完成了她的演讲，“这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，把我激动人心的新事业变成一个成功的事业。”
现在，张月是自己创建的公司的董事长，她非常喜欢说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”她的公司在一个山谷里，一个远离任何电视演播室的世界。她小心翼翼地穿过黑暗，走过一排一排的玫瑰花。再过一个小时，田地里就会挤满了人，忙着在日出前采花。“我们必须这样做，”张月说，“这些花很娇嫩。”
张从来没想过最终她会做这件事情。在她成长的过程中，虽然她周围到处都是玫瑰，但她很少注意到它们。直到海外大学毕业后，回国探望父母时，张才意识到这一潜力。“这里的条件很理想，”她说．“这是一个适合种植野生玫瑰的地方。”
因此，张决定回到家乡种植玫瑰，这让很多人感到惊讶。“我想体验给自己当老板的自由，”她说，“但我也想回报我的家乡。正如人们所说，‘养育一个孩子，要举全村之力。’”
她并不是唯一一个热衷于创业的年轻人。在世界各地，由于经济的增长创造了更多机会，越来越多有进取心的年轻人开始考虑自己创业。和张一样，他们提出自己的想法是希望得到投资和建议，他们也有同样的热情和奉献精神。大多数人遭到拒绝。少数人，像张月一样，发现自己足够幸运，能够从更有经验的商人那里得到投资和非常重要的投入和支持。然而，他们的成功之路仍然是漫长而艰难的，同时也面临着许多挑战。
作为一个在农村长大的人，张之前就了解种植植物。然而，和所有刚起步的企业家一样，她还有很多东西要学。她克服了许多障碍，使自己的企业在今天取得成功。张说：“最初阶段最大的挑战是说服人们为我工作，这完全是我没有经历过的。村里很少有人相信我种植玫瑰能获利百万元。”“我登上电视屏幕之后，一家主要生产化妆品的亚洲制造商愿意购买我的产品并帮助我分销。直到那时，当地人才开始相信我。现在我的产品是亚洲最好的产品之一。今年，我可以给所有同事发一笔可观的奖金。”
dream of/about梦想
entrepreneurial/ ntr pr 'n ri l/adj.创业的，具有创业精神的
realistic adj.现实的；实际的
guidance/'ɡа d( )ns/n.指导，引导
consultant/k n's lt nt/n.顾问
determination n．决心
access n．& v.通道；进入
negotiate vt.谈判；磋商
ambitious adj.
有雄心的；有野心的,　　Seeing_her_peers_who_also_dream_of _success_and_independence[13], Zhang has mixed feelings. Though_she_welcomes_the_new_entrepreneurial _spirit,_she_advises_that_people_be_realistic _and_seek_guidance _from_expert_consultants _before_rushing_into_things[14].
[13]现在分词短语Seeing her peers...作状语。
[14]Though引导让步状语从句，advise后面的that从句应用“should＋do”形式，should可以省略。
“I love running my own business, but it's not for everyone，” says Zhang. “To succeed in business, you need more than a good idea, hard work and determination . What_really_matters[15] is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating skills. Most of all, don't be too ambitious . You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with. For young people who have little life experience, that can be a challenge.”
,　　看到同样梦想着成功和自立的同龄人，张喜忧参半。尽管她欢迎这种新的创业精神，但她建议人们要实事求是，向专家顾问寻求指导，避免仓促行事。
“我喜欢经营自己的企业，但不是每个人都这样做，”张说，“要想在商业上取得成功，你需要的不仅仅是一个好主意、努力工作和决心。真正重要的是一个合理的商业规划，资金获取，好的管理和谈判技巧。最重要的是，不要野心太大。你应该了解自己和与你所共事的人的能力限值。对于生活经验不足的年轻人来说，这可能是一个挑战。”
要点精研·探究学习
1)blank adj.无表情的，木然的，空白的　n．[C]空白处)
(教材原句)They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.
他们回望着她，脸上毫无表情，她不知道他们接下来要说什么。
My mind went blank.我的脑子里一片空白。
There was a blank expression on her face.她脸上毫无表情。
Leave the last page blank.最后一页留空。
Please fill in the blanks.请在空白处填写。
go blank (脑子里)突然一片空白；出现空白(指没有图像、文字等)
a blank expression/look 木然的表情
blank eyes 茫然的眼睛
a blank check 空白支票
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Fill in the ________ (blank) using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
②To my surprise, my father looked at me ________ (blank).
完成句子
③Chan's ________________ (茫然的表情) made the author smile.
④________________ (如果你脑子里一片空白), try not to panic.
2)potential n．(事物的)潜力，可能性　adj.可能的，潜在的)
(教材原句)．..Zhang realised the potential.
……张才意识到这一潜力。
He has the potential to become a champion.他有潜力成为冠军。
They have found new ways of attracting potential customers.
他们已经找到了吸引潜在客户的新方法。
Every seed is a potential plant.每粒种子都可能长成植物。
(1)have the potential to do sth. 有潜力做某事
(2)achieve/fulfil/realize one's (full) potential 发挥某人的(全部)潜力
(3)the potential for development 发展潜力
the potential for (doing) sth. (做)某事的可能性/潜力
(4)potential benefits/problems 潜在的好处/问题
potential danger/risk 潜在的危险
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①People who do not smoke have less potential ________ suffering from lung cancer than those who smoke.
②He has the potential ________ (appoint) as manager this year.
③He has the potential ________ (work) as a consultant.
3)distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销；分发，分配　distribute v．分销，经销；分发，分配)
They could not agree on the distribution of the profits.
他们不能就利润的分配达成一致意见。
The distribution of these language is hugely uneven.
这些语言的分布极不平衡。
The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims.
这个机构向地震灾民分发了食品。
The money was distributed among schools in the area.
这笔款项是在本地区的学校中分配的。
(1)the unfair distribution of wealth 财富分配不公
the geographical distribution of the disease
疾病的地域分布情况
food distribution 食物分配
(2)distribute...to... 把……分配给/分发给……
distribute...between/among... 在……之间分配……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We could reduce our costs by developing a more efficient ________ (distribute) network.
②Copies of the book ________ (distribute) free to each school in the district yesterday.
③She distributed the books donated by kind hearted people ________ the children.
④The boys complained that the ________ (distribute) of prizes was unfair.
4)guidance n．指导，引导)
(教材原句)．..she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
……但她建议人们要现实一点，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced scholar.所有活动都在一位有经验的学者的指导下进行。
I think you should seek guidance from your lawyer on this matter.
我认为这件事你应该咨询一下你的律师。
Teenagers need adults to guide them.青少年需要成人来指导。
under one's guidance＝under the guidance of 在某人的指导下
seek guidance from sb. 向某人寻求指导
guide sb. to/through/around 带某人到/穿过/参观……
[单词积累]　guide v．引导； 指导　n．指南；导游
guided adj.有指导的；有导游的
guideline n．指导方针；指导原则
misguide vt.误导；使误入歧途
misguided adj.帮倒忙的；错误的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Under the ________ (guide) of his father, I think he can settle this matter.
②The shop assistant guided me ________ the shelf where the historical novels were displayed.
③Your presence and ________ (guide) are requested.
完成句子
④I expect you to ______________ (向……寻求指导) some of our managers.
⑤The role of the supervisor is to ____________ (向学生提供指导).
⑥________________ (在他的指导下), we finished the work smoothly.
5)end up结果……，以……结束)
(教材原句)Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing.张月从未想过这是她最终会做的事情。
The conference ended up signing no agreement.
大会结束了，没有签署任何协议。
The party ended up with a beautiful song.
聚会以一首动听的歌曲结束。
If you go on like this, you'll end up in prison.
你如果继续这样，早晚得进监狱。
He could end up as headmaster.他没准儿哪天会当上校长。
[联想拓展]
bring sth. to an end 使某事结束　put/bring an end to sth. 结束某事
come to an end 结束 in the end 最后，终于
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The gang of suspects ended up ________ (flee) away.
②He wasted too much money in playing and no wonder he ended up ________ debt.
③The closing ceremony of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics ended up ________ Beijing 8 minute show.
④He started as an employee and ended up ________ head of the firm.
6)start out开始(生活，职业，重要阶段)；出发，启程；起初(是))
(教材原句)However，like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had a lot to learn.
不过，跟所有刚起步的企业家一样，她要学的还有很多。
When the band first started out, they played at small clubs.
这支乐队刚开始时在小俱乐部里表演。
She started out as a model.她一开始是做模特的。
We need to start out/off early because the journey will take six hours.我们需要早点儿出发，因为路上需要6个小时。
I started out to write a short story, but it soon developed into a novel.我起先打算写一篇短篇小说，但很快就写成了长篇小说。
I started off working quite hard, but it didn't last.
我一开始非常勤奋，但没有坚持下去。
start off 开始；起初(是)，最初(是)；启程，动身
start up 创办，组建；启动，发动(引擎)
start with＝begin with 以……开始
to start with＝to begin with 首先；起初,
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We planned to start ________ at dawn, but the sudden rain ruined our plan.
②What started out ________ a part time job soon became a full time occupation.
③The speaker started ________ a description of her journey to China.
④Many businesses started ________ by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
⑤________ (start) your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence.
7)(教材原句)It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.直到她从海外大学毕业回国探望父母后，张月才意识到这一潜力。)
[句式解构]　强调句型
构成：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分
(1)该句型常用来强调主语、宾语或状语。
It was this thief that robbed me of my wallet.
就是这个小偷抢了我的钱包。(强调主语)
It was a handkerchief that I picked up at the school gate.
我在学校大门口捡到的是一条手帕。(强调宾语)
It was on a cold morning that he dived into the lake and rescued a drowning child.是在一个寒冷的早晨，他跳入湖中救出了一名溺水儿童。(强调状语)
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？
Was it Tom that/who decided to pass up the opportunity
是汤姆决定放弃这个机会吗？
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who＋其他部分？
Who was it that seized the thief by the hand
是谁抓住了那个小偷的手？
(4)not...until...句型的强调句：It is/was not until...that＋其他部分
It was not until I told him that he knew about it.
直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。
[特别提示]　使用强调句型时需要注意以下几点：
(1)强调句型中的it不能用其他词代替。
(2)用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。
(3)被强调部分指人时，可以用who代替that，其他情况一律用that。
(4)强调句型的判断方法： 去掉it is/was和that/who，适当调整语序，能还原成完整的句子，则为强调句型，否则就不是。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ was when we were returning home that I realised what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
②It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbours.
③It was the old man ________ saved the drowning boy.
完成句子
④__________________________________________ (不是我们偶尔做的事情塑造了我们的生活), but what we do consistently.
⑤You are waiting at a wrong place. ____________________________________ (是在旅馆) the coach picks up tourists.
8)（教材原句）They stared back， their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.,他们回望着她，脸上毫无表情，她不知道他们接下来要说什么。
[句式解构]　their blank faces giving no clue是“名词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。
(1)构成：名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)功能：在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随状况等。
Weather permitting, we'll go climbing tomorrow.
天气允许的话，我们明天去爬山。(名词＋现在分词)
Roadworks finished, they went home.
完成道路施工后，他们回家了。(名词＋过去分词)
Lots of work to do, I was in no mood for dancing.
由于有很多工作要做，我没心情跳舞。(名词＋不定式)
He came into the room, his nose red with cold.
他进了房间，鼻子冻得通红。(名词＋形容词)
Our teacher came in, book in hand.
我们的老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。(名词＋介词短语)
[名师点津]　①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同。
②当名词/代词与动词之间是主动关系时，用现在分词形式；当名词/代词与动词之间是被动关系时，用过去分词形式；当表示将来的动作时，用不定式形式。
③可置于句首或句末，多用逗号将其与句子的其他成分隔开。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The party will be held in the garden, weather ________ (permit).
②Bats are surprisingly long lived creatures, some ________ (have) a lifespan of around 20 years.
③The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ________ (finish) for the day.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When I was in trouble, he offered ________ (指导) to me on my career.
2．A suitable answer has already been put forward by the ________ (女主席).
3．I got there to buy tickets before ________ (黎明) and found this abandoned park with an empty swimming pool.
4．In my judgement, he has the ________ (潜力) to become a champion.
5．She may not have been the clever candidate but she is certainly the most ________ (有创业精神的).
6．The first ________ (阶段) of the project was completed two months ahead of schedule.
7．When you ________ (购买) an item, we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person.
8．Who is in charge of the ________ (分销) of food and clothing to areas in need
9．The firm recognised Tom's outstanding work by giving him an extra ________ (奖金).
10．Sucre seems to be hurting and Michael appears to be very ________ (头晕目眩的).
11．While dialing the doctor's telephone number, she wiped her ________ (前额) with a handkerchief now and then.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As ________ cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares
2．So many plastic bags end up ________ tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts.
3．Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books ________ (purchase) for them.
4．The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer ________ (look) back on an ambitious yet simpler time.
5．I ________ (consult) with a physician (内科医生), I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and healthy meals.
6．However, the new light feels like ________ than enough for the town's sun starved residents.
7．It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
8．She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in which she ________ (distribute) it to children.
9．As the quality to risk taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up________ a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
10．Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started the car, my mind ________ (go) blank.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
1．J　2.C　3.A　4.I　5.B　6.D　7.E　8.G　9.F　10.H
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．entrepreneurial　2.distribution　3.guidance　4.consultant
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．breath　2.fond　3.end　4.graduate　5.back　6.hope　7.majority　8.number
预习验收·衔接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．forehead　2.blank　3.dizzy　4.obstacle　5.phase　6.purchase
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．Most of all　2.dreamed of　3.A number of　4.persuade; to　5.been fond of　6. take a deep breath　7.aren't willing to
8．ended up
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Feeling dizzy　2.that is why　3.only then that
课文自测·强化理解
Ⅰ.课文解构(挑战创新题)
1．interview　2.reasons　3.challenges　4.advice
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．直到海外大学毕业后，回国探望父母时，张才意识到这一潜力。
2．在世界各地，由于经济的增长创造了更多机会，越来越多有进取心的年轻人开始考虑自己创业。
3．最初阶段最大的挑战是说服人们为我工作，这完全是我没有经历过的。
Ⅲ.表格填空
1．forehead　2.presentation　3.valley　4.sunrise　5.potential　6.freedom　7.input　8.obstacles　9.guidance　10.ambitious
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．B　2.D　3.C　4.B　5.A
Ⅴ.选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息
1．B　2.D　3.A　4.C　5.F
要点精研·探究学习
1．①blanks　②blankly　③blank expression　④If your mind goes blank
2．①for　②to be appointed　③to work
3．①distribution　②were distributed　③to/among　④distribution
4．①guidance　②to　③guidance　④seek guidance from
⑤provide guidance to students　⑥Under his guidance
5．①fleeing　②in　③with　④as
6．①out/off　②as　③with　④up　⑤Starting
7．①It　②that　③that/who　④It is not what we do once in a while that shapes our lives　⑤It is at the hotel that
8．①permitting　②having　③finished
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．guidance　2.chairwoman　3.sunrise　4.potential　5.enterprising　6.phase　7.purchase　8.distribution　9.bonus　10.dizzy　11.forehead
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．for/to　2.in　3.purchased　4.looking　5.consulted　6.more　7.that　8.distributed　9.with　10.went(共42张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Writing——写正反观念的议论文
01. Part Ⅰ　文体感知
02. Part Ⅱ　Writing an essay about non-cash payments
03.课时作业（十六）
内容
索引
01. Part Ⅰ　文体感知
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
Skim and reorder the procedures of writing an essay about non-cash payments.
①Definition of non-cash payments.
②Problems that non-cash payments bring.
③Benefits of non-cash payments.
④Conclusion.
答案：①③②④
Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达
Write down useful sentences to describe the opinions about using non-cash payments.
(1)Non-cash payment is ________________________________．
(2)It might not be ________________________， as computers and phones can be stolen or hacked easily.
(3)Despite their convenience, people who don't know how to use electronic payments ________________．
the best way to go
as safe as you think
might feel excluded
Ⅲ.知识点
①non-cash payments 非现金支付
②a blink of the eye 眨一下眼睛
③speak of 提及，说到
④over-consumption 过度消费
⑤as long as 只要
⑥what if 如果……该怎么办？
⑦rather than 而不是
⑧for good 永远地
02. Part Ⅱ　Writing an essay about non-cash payments
1．文体介绍
分析利弊型文章是议论文的一种。文章通过讨论某种现象或剖析某种事物来论述道理、发表意见或提出主张。通常先陈述要分析的事物、现象等是什么，即给事物/现象下定义或说明事物/现象的特征，然后陈述该事物/现象的优缺点，最后对该事物/现象的存在进行总结并表明自己的观点。
2．篇章结构
这种类型的文章一般可分为三段：
第一段：开门见山，引入话题；
第二段：论述事物/现象的优缺点；
第三段：表明自己的观点。
3．常用表达
(1)首段常用的句型
?Nowadays, it is a common phenomenon that... 如今，……已成为一个普遍的现象。
?In recent years... has been popular.
近年来，……非常流行。
(2)陈述优势时常用的句型
?There are many advantages/strengths in... First，... Second，...
……有许多优势。第一，……第二，……
?Its advantages can be listed as follows. For one thing，...For another，...它的优势可以列举如下。一方面……另一方面……
(3)陈述弊端时常用的句型
?But every coin has two sides. Obviously it has some disadvantages...但是事物都有两面性。很明显，它有一些劣势……
?However, just like anything else，... has its negative side as well.
但是和其他事物一样，……也有其不好的一面。
(4)提出自己的看法或观点时常用的句型
?To sum up, the advantages of... far outweigh its disadvantages.总之，……的优点远多于它的缺点。
?In spite of these disadvantages, I think... do/does more good than harm to us.尽管有这些劣势，我认为……对我们来说利大于弊。
典题演练
目前，一些诸如GG，MM，Xia Mi等网络俚语在青少年中极为盛行，并且出现在家庭作业、报告，甚至全国入学考试的作文中。请你以“Should Internet Slang (俚语；行话) Be Prohibited (禁止)？”为题，用英语写一篇短文，内容如下：
1．一些同学认为：网络俚语生动、时尚且充满幽默与智慧，使网上聊天更快捷；
2．另一些同学认为：网络俚语缺乏思想性，没有被大部分人理解、接受，过多使用使人不解，甚至造成误解；
3．你的观点。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：生动的vivid；智慧intelligence
Should Internet Slang Be Prohibited
The topic of Internet Slang, such as “GG, MM, Xia Mi”， is becoming more and more popular recently._____________________
谋篇布局
遣词造句
完成句子
1．有人赞成网络俚语。
Some are ________________________ Internet Slang.
2．他们认为网络俚语生动、时尚且充满幽默和智慧。
They ________________________ Internet Slang is vivid, fashionable and full of humor and intelligence.
in favour of
hold the view that
3．我认为我们生活在信息时代。
________________________，we live in the Information Age.
4．我们不了解网络俚语，我们似乎就会落伍。
We don't know the Internet Slang. And we seem to ________ the times.
From my point of view
fall behind
句式升级
5．用非谓语动词作状语合并句1和句2。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
6．用非谓语动词作状语以及条件状语从句合并句3和句4。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Some are in favour of Internet Slang, holding the view that Internet Slang is vivid, fashionable and full of humor and intelligence.
From my point of view, living in the Information Age, if we don't know the Internet Slang, we seem to fall behind the times.
完美成篇
完美成篇
Should Internet Slang Be Prohibited
The topic of Internet Slang, such as “GG, MM, Xia Mi”， is becoming more and more popular recently. People hold different opinions about it. Some are in favour of Internet Slang, holding the view that Internet Slang is vivid, fashionable and full of humor and intelligence. Besides, it makes chatting on the Internet quicker.
However, others think Internet Slang lacks depth of thought and is too simple. What's more, it is hard to understand and not accepted by most people. The words sometimes might make people confused, even resulting in misunderstanding.
In my opinion, Internet Slang will be OK only if it is used properly.
03.课时作业（十六）
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He ________ (购买) a ticket and went up on the top deck.
2．The workers expected to share out a year-end ________ (红利).
3．Could you give us some ________ (指导) in studying this article
4．A few years ago it was virtually impossible to find ________ (优质的) quality coffee in local shops.
5．A glass or two of wine will not significantly add to the ________ (卡路里) count.
purchased
bonus
guidance
superior
calorie
6．Be careful to avoid being ________ (主观的) and one-sided.
7．The expenses shall not ________ (超过) 200 yuan.
8．But some Londoners had ___________ (积累) enormous wealth through trade.
subjective
exceed
accumulated
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They studied the geographical ________ (distribute) of the disease.
2．He was a ________ (consult) to the local government.
3．This structure has several advantages over more ________ (convention) approaches.
4．People should stop the ___________ (discriminate) against the poor people.
5．We were ________ (mild) surprised to see him again so soon.
distribution
consultant
conventional
discrimination
mildly
6．At the same time, ________ (finance) supervision has some problems.
7．Jim turned around and declared himself to be angry and ________ (frustrate).
8．It is apparent from the fact that ________ (hire) a flat when you stay in Europe is cheaper.
9．With the rapid ________ (economy) development, China's position on the international stage is getting more and more important.
10．This book is about the uses and ________ (abuse) of power.
financial
frustrated
hiring
economic
abuses
Ⅲ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
in response to, take on, rent out, at rock-bottom prices, rather than, do a further favour, as is often the case, take advantage of, at the expense of, be subject to
1．No other organisation was able or willing to ____________ the job.
2．I am writing ____________ your advertisement for a temporary position as a waiter.
3．Buying flats to ____________ to Chinese students is another trend among the Chinese.
take on
in response to
rent out
4．If you invest now, you will be buying ________________. The shares are at their very lowest today.
5．You can of course ____________ by giving them a donation directly.
6．We are not familiar with different cultures, ____________ in other countries.
7．The corporation intends to ____________ a large amount of data accumulated by other companies to attain its own purpose.
at rock-bottom prices
do a further favour
as is often the case
take advantage of
8．In study, memorization should not be stressed ____________ comprehension.
9．Organic substances ____________ always ____________ slow attack by oxygen.
10．We should feel sympathy for the disabled ____________ make fun of them.
at the expense of
are
subject to
rather than
阅读理解
A
Carla Brown discovered her interest for health and science communication as a teenager. One day when she was in her doctor's office, she remembered looking at a poster on the wall, which listed directions for washing hands. She said to her mom, “When I'm older, I'm going to do things like that, but way better.” She has since gone in for a career that aims to communicate health information in an unusual way—using gaming technology.
For her Ph.D.research, Brown looked into new antibiotics (抗生素) to treat diseases. Besides, she ran microbiology workshops to educate children about the responsible use of antibiotics. Through the workshops, she became interested in finding new ways to attract children in the learning process, so she came up with the idea of developing a competitive card game they could play with one another. Named “Bacteria Combat”， the game asks players to fight their competitors using cards representing good and bad bacteria, as well as antibiotics. Some bacteria are not killed by antibiotic attacks, teaching game players about antibiotic resistance (抵制).
Brown, who was a good gamer when she was a child, gained funding to convert her card game into a mobile app. Then, upon finishing her Ph. D．， she set up her own company called Game Doctor to develop evidence-based digital games for education and health care organizations.
In the company's early years, Brown worked to develop Game Doctor in her spare time while she completed a postdoc researching the effectiveness of science education games. She then worked for Public Health England for 1 year, designing a broad range of teaching materials.
Last year, though, she decided to put her heart and soul fully in her company to see it grow well enough. It's an experience thaat she has found challenging, but also fun—with similarities to the experience of playing an actual game. She shared her professional joys and challenges with Science Careers as part of our ongoing “A Day in the Life of a Scientist” series.
1．Which of the following best describes Brown's way to communicate health information
A．Strict. B．Practical.
C．Scientific. D．Interesting.
答案：D　
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“She has since gone in for a career that aims to communicate health information in an unusual way—using gaming technology.”可知，从那以后，她开始从事以一种不同寻常的方式，即使用游戏，来传达健康信息的职业。通过游戏的方式应该是有趣味的。
2．Why did Brown set up her microbiology workshops
A．To help her invent new antibiotics.
B．To promote the use of new medicines.
C．To teach kids proper use of certain medicine.
D．To lead kids to tell good bacteria from bad ones.
答案：C　
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Besides，she ran microbiology workshops to educate children about the responsible use of antibiotics.”可知，此外，她还开办了微生物学工作室，教孩子们如何恰当地使用抗生素。
3．What does the underlined word “convert” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Fit. B．Change.
C．Create. D．Divide.
答案：B　
解析：词义猜测题。根据此处前后文的内容可知，布朗小时候是一名优秀的游戏玩家，她获得了资金，将纸牌游戏转为移动应用程序。此处convert的意思是“改变”，与change是同义词。
4．What decision did Brown make according to the last paragraph
A．To devote herself to her company.
B．To work for Public Health England.
C．To develop Game Doctor in her spare time.
D．To design a broad range of teaching materials.
答案：A　
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句“Last year, though, she decided to put her heart and soul fully in her company to see it grow well enough.”可知，去年，她决定全身心地投入到自己的公司中，让它成长得足够好。
B
Not every architectural landmark is grand in scale, with splendid decorations, or amazing colors. Suzhou Gardens may just be the opposite.
When a group of monks during the Yuan Dynasty first constructed Lion Grove Garden, they may have just wanted to enjoy a quiet place, hiding away from urban noise, while in the following centuries, this charming garden—most notable for its waterside rockeries (假山) similar to the shape of lions—has attracted a constant stream of celebrity guests, who have left a long list of poems, paintings and historical anecdotes.
In recent years, nine of the best-known classical gardens of Suzhou, including Lion Grove Garden, Humble Administrator's Garden and Great Wave Pavilion, were registered into the World Heritage List. As UNESCO remarks, “Classical Chinese garden design, which seeks to recreate natural landscapes in miniature (缩略图), is nowhere better illustrated than in the nine gardens, which reflect the profound natural beauty in Chinese culture and inspire people to pursue harmony with the world.”
Nowadays, relevant administrations have been trying to restore the historical landscapes of Suzhou's classical gardens. As a result, last year, a new project was launched allowing tourists in small groups to reserve places to enter the garden in the early morning before the regular opening time. Their visit ended with them completing the last step in making a traditional folding fan, adding a poem about the garden on its surface. The experience was also regarded as a way to help people understand the wisdom, elegance and philosophical worldview of the ancient Chinese literati.
The delicate beauty of the gardens still flows via the canals that snake across Suzhou. Hardly felt, their strength in shaping the city's character seems to last forever.
5．What's the purpose of building the Lion Grove Garden
A．To share historical anecdotes.
B．To attract celebrity guests.
C．To enjoy the beautiful scenery.
D．To stay far from the madding crowd.
答案：D　
解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“When a group of monks...they may have just wanted to enjoy a quiet place, hiding away from urban noise”可知，建造狮子林的目的是远离喧嚣的人群。故选D。
6．What do Suzhou Gardens show
A．Splendid decorations. B．Grand beauty.
C．Human-nature harmony. D．Amazing colors.
答案：C　
解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“‘Classical Chinese garden design, which seeks to recreate natural landscapes...inspire people to pursue harmony with the world.’”可知，苏州园林呈现出自然美以及人与世界的融合。故选C。
7．What can we know about the project from Paragraph 4
A．It featured traditional Chinese elements.
B. Small groups without reservation were welcome.
C．Its main aim was to help people approach poems.
D．It was launched when the gardens were open to the public.
答案：A　
解析：推理判断题。由第四段最后两句可知，游客在该项目中的观光以完成制作传统折扇的最后一步和在扇面上题诗结束，这有助于游客了解中国古代文人的智慧、优雅和哲学世界观。即该项目以中国传统元素为特色。故选A。
8．What can be the best title for the text
A．Suzhou Gardens, a Place of National Pride
B．Suzhou Gardens, a Place with Natural Beauty
C. Suzhou Gardens, a Place that Shows the Decorations and Colors
D. Suzhou Gardens, a Place that Reflects the Philosophy and Culture
答案：D　
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第二、三、四段的内容可知，文章主要介绍了苏州园林这个反映了中国文化和激励人们追求人与世界和谐相处的地方。故D项最适合作文章标题。故选D。Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．equator n. ____________
2．estate n. ____________
3．superior adj. ____________
4．calorie n. ____________
5．freshman n. ____________
6．afloat adj. ____________
7．interfere v. ____________
8．rational adj. ____________
9．toddler n. ____________
10．hire v. ____________
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．________ v．超过，超出→excessive adj.过分的；过度的
2．________ adj.财政的，金融的；财务的→finance n．金融；财政
3．________ v．积累，积聚→accumulation n．积累，积聚
4．automatic adj.自动的→________ adv.自动地
5．________ n．令人悲伤的事，不幸→sorrowful adj.悲伤的
6．frustrate v．使懊恼；使沮丧→________ n．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
7．supervise v．监督；管理→________ n．监督；管理
8．________ n．费用，花费→expensive adj.贵的；昂贵的→expend v．花费
Ⅲ.短语互译
1．________________ 使收支相抵
2．________________ 妨碍，阻止
3．________________ 陷入债务之中，负债
4．________________ 对……有好处
5．________________ at the expense of
6．________________ with the development of
7．________________ what's more
8．________________ be relevant to
预习验收·衔接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．All the planets orbit the Sun in roughly the same plane (平面), round its ________(赤道).
2．As we all know, ________(优质的) goods sell well.
3．It has a lot of nutrition, but the ________(卡路里) is low.
4．Everyone's opinion is bound to be ________ (主观的).
5．This is my first year of college. I'm a ________ (新生).
6．The police are very unwilling to ________ (干涉) in family problems.
7．His achievements have ________(超过) expectations.
8．There is no ________ (合理的) explanation for his actions.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is simpler and quicker to use than ________ (convention) methods.
2．Eventually, he came face to face with ________ (discriminate) again.
3．“I think you've made a mistake，” he said ________ (mild).
4．The country has no access to foreign loans or ________ (finance) aid.
5．The new worker needs an ________ (accumulate) of experience and knowledge.
6．The machine is ________ (automatic) controlled.
7．His father's face looked suddenly soft and ________ (sorrow).
8．I was close to tears with ________ (frustrate), but I held back.
Ⅲ.短语填空
rely on, go into debt, take on, take off, cut down on, take advantage of, prevent...from, be relevant to, rather than
1．After 2000, the farm began to ________________ a new look.
2．His business will ________________ because he is experienced.
3．Further treatment will ________ cancer ________ developing.
4．To buy a house or a car, one usually has to ________________．
5．We ________________ your financial support because we are in trouble.
6．You may wish to ________________ our instructional session.
7．He ________________ coffee and cigarettes, and ate a balanced diet.
8．Any person who ________________ the accident was questioned.
9．The zoo needed better management ________________ more money.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．无论人们是租或者出租一个房子，他们都可以把他们的信息发布到网上。
________________________ a house, they can post their information on the Internet.
2．碳在氧或空气中燃烧，因而形成了二氧化碳。
Carbon burns in oxygen or air, ________________________ carbon dioxide.
3．我们在学校做运动时都穿运动鞋。
We wear sports shoes when ________________________ at school.
4．他们将要做什么还没有决定下来。
________________________ hasn't been decided.
5．事实是我们不知道如何解决这个问题。
The fact is that we have no idea ________________________．
阅读研析·合作学习
　　　Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
Ⅱ.文本剖析：细节探究
Choose the best answer.
1．What is the topic of the passage
A．The sharing economy.
B．The popularity of the sharing economy.
C．The advantages of the sharing economy.
D．The disadvantages of the sharing economy.
2．What is the author's attitude towards the sharing economy
A．Critical.　　　　　　 B．Optimistic.
C．Pessimistic. D．Objective.
3．What is the purpose of the 1st paragraph
A．To introduce the topic.
B.To inform us of the concept of the sharing economy.
C．To call on us to share things with others.
D．To arouse the readers' interest in the sharing economy.
4．Which one is the disadvantage of the sharing economy
A．It can reduce waste.
B．It can reduce our demand for goods of high quality.
C．It can lead to information being revealed.
D．It can benefit our environment.
5．What can't we infer from the passage
A．Sharing is of benefit to establishing positive emotional bonding.
B．There are many kinds of sharing.
C．Our increasing demand for quality goods and services contributes to sharing economy.
D．The future of the sharing economy must be bright.
Ⅲ.重点句式补全
1．无论我们是出借方还是借方，这都是一个双赢的局面。
________ we're a lender ________ a borrower, it's a win-win situation.
2．而且，分享能鼓励我们重复使用物品，从而减少了浪费。
What's more, sharing encourages us to reuse items, ________________________．
3．……另一些人则发现自己在拼车时遭遇了盗窃或袭击。
．..others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while ________________________．
4．然而，毫无疑问，共享经济与我们的日常生活以及全球经济的关系日益密切。
Nonetheless, ______________ is ______________ the sharing economy is increasingly ________________________ our daily lives as well as to the global economy.
5．它扩张的速度如此之快以至于我们只能想象它在未来将包含什么。
It is expanding at such a rate ________________________________ it will comprise in the future.
原文研读·立体透析
[词汇积累]
①toddler/'t dl /n．学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩
②sorrow/'s r /n．令人悲伤的事，不幸
③set up建立
④emotional adj.情感上的
⑤bond adj.纽带，关系
⑥frustration/fr 'stre ( )n/n.懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
⑦expand vt.扩大，增加
⑧aspect n. 方面，层面
⑨take off成功；起飞；脱下；休假
⑩competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的
hire/ha /v.(短期的)租用，租借
designer clothes名牌服装
rent out出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
win-win situation双赢局面
thereby/ e 'ba /adv.因此，由此
cut down on减少，削减
economic adj.经济上的
regulation n.章程，规章制度
supervision/ su p 'v ( )n/n.监督；管理
take advantage of利用
expense/ k'spens/n.费用，花费
at the expense of以损害……为代价
established adj.已确立的；著名的；公认的
be subject to受……支配；受……影响
abuse / 'bju s/n．滥用
property n．所有物；财产
whilst conj.同时
rent out出租
secure adj.安全的；牢靠的
preference n.喜爱；偏好
leak vt. & n．泄露
awareness n．意识
nonetheless adv.尽管如此
be relevant to与……相关
comprise vt.包括；包含
[教材原文]
What's mine is yours.
We've been told since we were toddlers① that “It's good to share”. Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys, snacks, books, happy memories, and sometimes even sorrows② with others. When we grow up, we share photos, life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don't know via social media. Taking_it_as_an_object_of_study,_psychologists_have_published_various_papers_stating_that_the_behaviour_of_sharing_is_beneficial_to_setting_up③positive_emotional④_bonding⑤[1].
[1]Taking it as...是现在分词短语作状语。stating that... bonding是现在分词作定语，其中that引导宾语从句。
Today, the action of sharing takes on extra meaning. It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration⑥； it has expanded⑦ to almost every aspect⑧ of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing. We_are_using_technology_to_reduce_the_money_that_we_spend_on_goods_and_services,_or_to_make_money_out_of_those_that_we_don't_use_ourselves_all_of_the_time [2]. These vary from car shares to home shares, and even to pet shares. The sharing economy is taking off⑨ in all sorts of areas. It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when_and_where_they_want_them [3].
[2]money后是that引导的定语从句，money是先行词。those后是that引导的定语从句。
[3]when and where they want them是状语从句。
This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive⑩ prices, all delivered at the click of a button. Whether_it's_an_online_shop_where_we_can_hire _designer_clothes _at_rock-bottom_prices,_or_a_platform_from_which_we_can_rent_out _our_flats_for_a_couple_of_days,_it's_out_there [4]. Whether we're a lender or a borrower, it's a win-win situation ； everyone makes or saves money. We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends. What's more, sharing encourages us to reuse items, thereby cutting down on waste. And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road.
But the sharing economy is not without its problems. As_is_often_the_case_all_over_the_world_with_new_areas_of_economic _activity[5], the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision . Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market, often at the expense of more traditional and established companies. In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust. Some people have experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes, and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while_sharing_rides[6]. Finally, personal data, the heart of the sharing economy, is not yet secure . Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives, including our names, locations, bank information, and individual preferences for goods and services. Yet, the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement, and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users.
[5]As is often the case“事实情况就是如此”，为非限制性定语从句。
[6]while sharing rides是状语从句的省略形式。
Nonetheless ，_what_is_in_no_doubt_is_that_the_sharing_economy_is_increasingly_relevant_to _our_daily_lives_as_well_as_to_the_global_economy[7]. It_is_expanding_at_such_a_rate_that_we_can_only_imagine_what_it_will_comprise _in_the_future[8]. What will we be sharing next Who will be sharing and how And the most interesting question of all—what type of society will all this sharing take us to
[7]what is...为主语从句，is后that引导的是表语从句。
[8]at后是such... that...句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，其中imagine后是what引导的宾语从句。
[课文译文]
我的即是你的。
我们还是蹒跚学步的孩童时就被教导“分享是一种美德”。家长和老师不断地提醒我们要和别人分享玩具、零食、书籍、快乐的回忆，有时甚至是悲伤。当我们长大后，我们通过社交媒体与周围的人和那些我们不认识的人分享照片、生活故事和观点。心理学家对此进行了深入研究，发表了许多论文，指出分享行为有利于建立积极的情感联系。
今天，分享行为有了额外的意义。这不仅仅是分享甜蜜或沮丧；它已经扩展到我们生活的几乎每个方面——整个世界似乎都在分享。我们使用技术来减少我们在商品和服务上的花费，或者从那些我们自己不经常使用的东西中赚钱。分享的东西从共享汽车到分享住房，甚至分享宠物。共享经济正在各个领域蓬勃发展。它正在创造新的思维方式，并在人们需要的时候和地方为他们提供服务。
各种各样的分享方式是对我们不断增长的对于价廉物美的商品和服务的需求的回应，点击按钮就能实现这一切。无论是一家我们可以用最低价来租赁名牌服装的网店，还是一个我们可以出租几天公寓的平台，都在这里。无论我们是出借方还是借方，这都是一个双赢的局面；每个人都能赚钱或省钱。我们之间也建立了相互的联系，有时甚至可以结交新朋友。而且，分享能鼓励我们重复使用物品，从而减少了浪费。共享单车和共享汽车的问世使得道路上污染车辆的数量减少，进一步有利于环境。
但共享经济并非没有问题。和世界上新出现的经济领域的活动一样，现有的法规和监督机制跟不上共享经济的发展速度。一些公司在这种情况下利用不当的方法来扩大自己的市场份额，这些往往以牺牲更传统和著名公司的利益为代价。此外，共享经济遭遇了信任滥用的危机。一些人在出租房屋时遭遇了财产损失，另一些人则发现自己在拼车时遭遇了盗窃或袭击。最后，个人数据，作为共享经济的核心，但还不是很安全。共享平台收集了我们生活中几乎所有方面的个人信息，包括我们的姓名、住址、银行信息以及个人对商品和服务的偏好。然而，防止此类信息泄露或被盗的技术仍需要改进，服务提供商和用户对潜在风险的认识不足。
然而，毫无疑问，共享经济与我们的日常生活以及全球经济的关系日益密切。它扩张的速度如此之快，以至于我们只能想象它在未来将包含什么。接下来我们将分享什么？谁将分享，如何分享？最有趣的问题是，这些分享将带我们去什么样的社会？
要点精研·探究学习
1)sorrow n．[C]令人悲伤的事，不幸；[U]悲伤；悲痛)
(教材原句)．..and sometimes even sorrows with others.
……有时甚至与他人分离悲伤。
The sorrows of her earlier years gave way to joy in later life.
她早年的不幸被晚年的快乐所取代。
To his sorrow, they were unwilling to cooperate with him.
令他悲伤的是，他们不愿与他合作。
Words cannot express my sorrow.
语言不能表达我的悲伤。
Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.
舞蹈表达爱与恨，欢乐与悲伤，生与死，以及介于两者之间的一切。
share one's joys and sorrows 与某人同甘共苦
to one's sorrow 令某人悲伤的是
express one's sorrow 表达某人的悲伤
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and ________ (sorrow) of the common people are his themes.
②________ his sorrow, his grandma passed away last night.
③The sorrow she felt ________ the death of her husband was almost too much to bear.
完成句子
④Jack is my true friend who ________________________ (与我同甘共苦).
2)frustration n．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧　frustrate vt.使沮丧　frustrating adj.令人沮丧的　frustrated adj.沮丧的)
(教材原句)It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration...
不仅仅是分享糖果或挫折……
I could sense his frustration at not being able to help.
我可以感觉到他因无力帮忙而沮丧。
I was practically screaming with frustration.
我懊恼得几乎要大叫起来。
It's frustrating to have to wait so long.
要等这么长时间，真令人懊恼。
I have times when I feel frustrated and wish I could get away, to anywhere, just have a look of scenery for a minute!
我有时会感到沮丧，希望我能离开，去任何地方，只需看一眼风景就好了！
a sense of frustration 挫败感
feel frustrated at/with 对……感到沮丧/懊恼
[联想拓展]　很多表示情绪变化的及物动词有两种形容词形式：
-ing形容词 -ed形容词
意义 令人……的 感到……的
用法 常说事物的性质 常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等
举例 amazing　exciting　interesting　surprising amazed　excited　interested　surprised
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①There is a sense of ________ (frustrate) among the players.
②Learning a foreign language can be very ________ (frustrate), but it pays off.
③The boy felt ________ (frustrate) because he didn't get permission from his parents.
④It ________ (frustrate) me that I'm not able to put any of my ideas into practice.
⑤Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very ________ (frustrate).
3)hire v．(短期的)租用，租借；(短期)雇用；聘任)
(教材原句)Whether it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices...
无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店……
The company hires out machinery by the day.
公司按日计费出租机械设备。
We hired a public relations consultant to help improve our image.我们聘请了一位公共关系顾问来帮助提升我们的形象。
hire sth. out 出租某物
hire oneself out (去为别人)打工；受雇
hire sb. to do sth. 聘请某人做某事
hire a car/room/video 租汽车/房间/录像带
[比较辨析]　hire：短期、临时或一次性“雇用，租用”，宾语是人或物。
hire a boat租一条船
employ：长时间“雇用”，宾语多是人。
employ a security officer雇用安全员
rent：长时间“出租；租用”，宾语是房屋、土地等。
rent a house from sb. 租某人的房子　rent out出租
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Poor families don't have enough money ________ (hire) good lawyers.
②How much do you charge for hiring ________ a bicycle for a week
③He's decided to go freelance and hire himself ________ as a technical writer.
4)expense n．费用，花费
(教材原句)．..often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.
……其代价往往是牺牲更为传统和成熟的公司。
We are bound to cut down on our expenses.
我们必须削减开支。
He finished the job at the expense of his health.
他以健康为代价完成了这项工作。
I published a book at my own expense.我自费出版了一本书。
The garden was transformed at great expense.
花园改建花了一大笔费用。
at the expense of 以损害……为代价
at one's expense 由某人付钱
spare no expense (in doing sth.) 不惜一切代价(做某事)
at great/vast expense 以巨大的代价
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ________ (expense).
②If it should break down within the first year, we would repair it ________ our expense.
完成句子
③有些大学生被指责不惜费用享受奢华。
Some college students were accused of __________________________________________ luxury.
5)abuse v. & n．滥用，虐待；辱骂)
(教材原句)In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust.此外，共享经济还受制于信任的滥用。
What she did was an abuse of her position as a manager.
她的所作所为是对经理职权的滥用。
You are certainly at risk if you are addicted to cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking or drug abuse.
如果你沉迷于吸烟、饮酒或吸毒，那你肯定处境危险。
He abused his power to help his family and was put into prison eventually.他滥用职权帮助家人，最终被关进了监狱。
alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/吸毒
an abuse of power/ones's position 职权滥用
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Under such circumstances, they are likely ________ (abuse) their power.
②The president of our institute was accused of ________ (abuse) his power.
完成句子
③His political reputation was ruined by his ________________ (滥用职权).
④To our sorrow, it was ________________ (酗酒) that ruined his fitness and his life.
6)take off突然开始成功；脱下(衣服)；(飞机)起飞；休假)
(教材原句)The sharing economy is taking off in all sorts of areas.
共享经济正在各个领域迅速发展。
Her acting career took off after her TV appearance.
她在电视上亮相后，演艺事业迅速发展。
He took off his clothes and got into the shower room.
他脱掉衣服，进入浴室。
The plane took off so smoothly that the passengers could hardly feel it.飞机起飞非常平稳，乘客几乎没有感觉到。
I've decided to take a few days off next week.
我已决定下周休息几天。
[归纳拓展]　take away拿走；使消失
take back收回(说错的话)；退回
take down拿下；写下
take in吸收；欺骗；收留；理解
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take over接管；接任
take out带……出去；提(款)
take up接受；占据；开始从事(新工作)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The sharing economy is taking ________ in all sorts of areas.
②Because of the heavy fog, the plane couldn't take ________ on time.
③It is reported that he will take ________ the company next year.
④Don't be taken ________ by his words—he is a cheat.
⑤After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane took ________ her job as a doctor in the countryside.
7)a response to对……的回应)
(教材原句)This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand...
大量的共享方式是对这种不断增长的需求的回应……
I received an encouraging response to my advertisement.
我的广告宣传有了令人鼓舞的回应。
The product was developed in response to customer demand.
这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。
Carl made no response and carried on with his work.
卡尔没有回答，继续他的工作。
How did they respond to the news
他们对这则消息有什么反应？
in response to 作为……的回应
make a response 作出回应
make no response 没有作出回应
respond to 回答，回复；对……作出反应
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Not everyone acts the same ________ response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
②The patient has responded ________ the treatment rather better than expected.
完成句子
③These comments came ________________________ (作为……的回应) specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
④He ________________________ (对……没有回复) my letter.
8)do a further favour再帮个忙；进一步帮助)
(教材原句)And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment...
而且自行车和汽车共享等设施进一步有利于环境……
The current economy does a further favour for the development of small businesses.
当前的经济状况对小企业的发展有进一步的帮助。
Could you do me a favour and tell Kelly I can't make it
你帮个忙告诉凯莉说我来不了好吗？
I'm in favour of providing the homeless with food and drinking water.
我支持向无家可归者提供食物和饮用水。
The new rules should actually work in your favour.
新规定实际上应该对你们有利。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Could you do me ________ favour and buy me a single ticket to Beijing
②Are you ________ favour of his opinion that the position of drivers will disappear
完成句子
③Could you ________________________ (帮我一个忙) and pick up Sam from school today
④—Hey, can I ________________________ (请你帮个忙)
—Sure. What can I do for you
⑤At present, one of the arguments ________________ (支持) the new airport is that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.
9)(教材原句)No need to bring my own tomorrow！明天不用带我自己的了！)
[句式解构]　本句是一个省略句。补充完整为“There is no need to bring my own tomorrow！”。
(1)口语或祈使句中省略主语
Mind your own business！别管闲事！(省略了主语You)
(2)为了避免重复而承前省略
John is a lawyer and his wife (is) a cleaner.
约翰是一名律师，他妻子是一名清洁工。
Let's do the cases. I'll read (the cases) and you'll type (the cases).我们来处理案例吧。我来读，你来打字。
(3)在以if，when，while，though，as，as if等连词引导的从句中，如果从句中主要动词是be，可将主语和动词be一起省略。
If (it is) possible, I will pay a visit to you tomorrow.
如果可能的话，我明天将去拜访你。
The boy looked as if (he were) afraid of nothing.
这男孩看起来好像什么也不怕。
(4)so，nor/neither用来表示“……也一样”时的省略结构
—He is a student.他是一名学生。
—So am I．我也是。
—They haven't been there.他们没有去过那里。
—Neither/Nor have we.我们也没去过。
(5)一些特殊的省略句型
(There is) no doubt that...　　　　毫无疑问……
(It is) no wonder that... 难怪……
(It is a) pity that... 很遗憾……
(Sb. had) better do sth. (某人)最好做某事。
[联想拓展]　There is no reason to do sth.没有理由做某事。
There is no hurry to do sth.不要匆忙做某事。
There is no sense/point in doing sth.做某事没有意义。
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no possibility that...没有可能……
[即学即练]　完成句子(用省略形式)
①—Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
—________________ (我不会忘记的).
②—He is a historian.
—________________ (他妻子也是).
③______________________________ (毫无疑问他会获得一等奖) in the coming English contest.
④______________________________ (过马路时), you can't be careful enough.
⑤________________ (如果这样的话), I won't go with you.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A toddler requires close ________ (监督) and firm control at all times.
2．He expressed his ________ (悲痛) at what the committee had done.
3．Sometimes ________ (沮丧) and anger can boil over into direct and violent action.
4．The shopkeeper ________ (聘用) a few clerks to help him run the store.
5．I have never been to that city; ________ (因此) I don't know much about it.
6．It is reasonable to assume that the local ________ (经济) will continue to improve.
7．Through observation, I find her ________ (开支) do not correspond to her income.
8．The baseball team who lost became a target of ________ (辱骂) of angry fans.
9．I would rather you forgave the poor child's ________ (偷窃行为).
10．The lady with a ________ (钱包) in her hand came to the bank counter.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They were required to give quick ________ (response).
2．The next morning he ________ (hire) a boat and set out to find the well-known painter.
3．Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available ________ (rent) at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance.
4．The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less ________ (expense) but still tasty recipes.
5．I took ________ my T-shirt and dived into the water.
6．This book is about the uses and ________ (abuse) of power.
7．More people will do the work under proper ________ (supervise).
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．赤道　2.庄园　3.质量上乘的，优质的　4.卡(路里)　5.(高中或大学的)一年级学生　6.经济上周转得开的；不欠债的　7.介入；干涉　8.(想法、决定等)合理的，基于理性的
9．学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩　10.(短期的)租用，租借
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．exceed　2.financial　3.accumulate　4.automatically　5.sorrow　6.frustration　7.supervision　8.expense
Ⅲ.短语互译
1．make ends meet　2.interfere with　3.go into debt
4．be beneficial to　5.以损害……为代价　6.随着……的发展
7．而且　8.与……有关
预习验收·衔接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．equator　2.superior　3.calorie　4.subjective　5.freshman
6．interfere　7.exceeded　8.rational
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．conventional　2.discrimination　3.mildly　4.financial　5.accumulation　6.automatically　7.sorrowful　8.frustration
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．take on　2.take off　3.prevent; from　4.go into debt　5.rely on　6.take advantage of　7.cut down on　8.was relevant to　9.rather than
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Whether people hire or rent out　2.thereby forming
3．doing physical exercise　4.What they will do
5．how to solve the problem
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
1．sharing　2.benefits　3.drawbacks　4.future
Ⅱ.文本剖析：细节探究
1．A　2.D　3.A　4.C　5.D
Ⅲ.重点句式补全
1．Whether; or
2．thereby cutting down on waste
3．sharing rides
4．what is in no doubt; that; relevant to
5．that we can only imagine what
要点精研·探究学习
1．①sorrows　②To　③at　④shares my joys and sorrows
2．①frustration　②frustrating　③frustrated　④frustrates　⑤frustrated
3．①to hire　②out　③out
4．①expenses　②at　③sparing no expense in enjoying
5．①to abuse　②abusing　③abuse of power　④alcohol abuse
6．①off　②off　③over　④in　⑤up
7．①in　②to　③in response to　④made no response to/didn't respond to
8．①a　②in　③do me a favour　④ask you a favour　⑤in favour of
9．①I won't　②So is his wife　③No doubt that he will get the first prize　④While/When crossing the road　⑤If so
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．supervision　2.sorrow　3.frustration　4.hired　5.thereby
6．economy　7.expenses　8.abuse　9.theft　10.purse
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．responses　2.hired　3.to rent　4.expensive　5.off　6.abuses　7.supervision(共116张PPT)
Unit 4 单元基础知识汇总
01.巧记速背·自查自测
02.单元评价·自查自纠
03.单元测试卷（四）
内容
索引
01.巧记速背·自查自测
本单元词汇
[黑体部分为重点单词]
forehead /'f r d/ n. 额，前额
blank /bl k/ adj. 无表情的，木然的
dizzy /'d zi/ adj. 头晕目眩的
chairwoman /'t e w m n/ n. 女主席；女会长
sunrise /'s nra z/ n. 日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
potential /p 'ten ( )l/ n. (事物的)潜力，可能性
bug /b g/ n. 突然的兴趣，迷恋
enterprising /'ent pra z / adj. 有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
input /' np t/ n. 投入(物)
obstacle /' bst k( )l/ n. 障碍，阻碍，妨碍
phase /fe z/ n. 阶段，时期
manufacturer / m nj 'f kt ( )r / n. 制造商；制造公司，制造厂
cosmetics /k z'met ks/ n. 化妆品，美容品
purchase /'p t s/ v. 购买
distribution / d str 'bju ( )n/ n. (商品的)分销，经销
bonus /'b n s/ n. 资金；红利
entrepreneurial / ntr pr 'n ri l/ adj. 创业的，具有创业精神的
guidance /'ga d( )ns/ n. 指导，引导
consultant /k n's lt nt/ n. 顾问
助记)　
①构词　fore-（前缀：前面的）＋head n．头→forehead n．
②对比　裹着“毯子”(blanket)的他“无表情”(blank)
③对比　chairman n．主席；会长—chairwoman n．
④合成　sun n．太阳＋rise vi.升起→sunrise n．
⑤构词　enterprise n．企业，事业＋-ing（形容词后缀：表示行为、状态、情况）→enterprising adj.
⑥对比　input（输入）—output（输出）
⑦联想　“短语”(phrase)学到这个“阶段”(phase)已经不少了
⑧派生　manufacture vt.制造＋-(e)r（名词后缀：做……的人）→manufacturer n．
⑨联想　一位女“顾客”(customer)来买“化妆品”(cosmetics)
⑩联想　“追求”(chase)的东西就要“购买”(purchase)
派生　distribute vt.分发＋-ion（名词后缀：表示行为）→distribution n．
对比　enterprising adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的—entrepreneurial adj.创业的，具有创业精神的
联想　在老师的指导(guidance)和同学们的帮助(assistance)下，我的备考工作进展(advance)顺利
派生　consult v．咨询＋-ant（名词后缀：进行……的人）→consultant n．
conventional /k n'ven ( )n l/ adj. 传统的，常规的
discriminate /d 'skr m ne t/ v. 不公正地区别对待，歧视
equator / 'kwe t / n. 赤道
estate / 'ste t/ n. 庄园
superior/su 'p ri / adj. 质量上乘的，优质的
mild /ma ld/ adj. 不浓烈的，淡的
calorie /'k l ri/ n. 卡(路里)
subjective /s b'd ekt v/ adj. 主观的
freshman /'fre m n/ n. (高中或大学的)一年级学生
afloat / 'fl t/ adj. 经济上周转得开的；不欠债的
interfere / nt 'f / v. 介入；干涉
rational /'r ( )n l/ adj. (想法、决定等)合理的，基于理性的
exceed / k'si d/ v. 超过，超出
financial /f 'n n ( )l/ adj. 财政的，金融的；财务的
accumulate / 'kju mj le t/ v. 积累，积聚
automatically / t 'm t kli/ adv. 自动地
助记)　
①派生　convention n．传统，常规＋-al（形容词后缀：与……有关的）→conventional adj.
②联想　“超级好的”(super)就是“质量上乘的”(superior)
③派生　subject n．主语＋-ive（形容词后缀：与……有关的，有……性质/倾向的）→subjective adj.
④合成　fresh adj.新的，新增的＋man n．人→（高中或大学的）一年级学生
⑤联想　船员在海上“漂流”(float)“一个”(a)月后赚了很多钱，现在“不欠债”(afloat)
⑥构词　inter-（前缀：在……中间，在……之间）,＋fere→interfere v．
⑦派生　ration n．理性＋-al（形容词后缀：与……有关的）→rational adj.
⑧联想　“速度”(speed)已经“超过”(exceed)规定
⑨派生　finance （n.金融）＋-ial（形容词后缀：属于……的，有……性质的）→financial adj.
⑩构词　automatic adj.＋-ally（副词后缀：表示方式、程度、状态）→automatically adv.
toddler /'t dl / n. 学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩
sorrow /'s r / n. 令人悲伤的事，不幸
frustration /fr 'stre ( )n/ n. 懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
hire /ha / v. (短期的)租用，租借
thereby / e 'ba / adv. 因此，由此
supervision / su p 'v ( )n/ n. 监督；管理
expense / k'spens/ n. 费用，花费
abuse / 'bju s/ n. 滥用
theft /θeft/ n. 偷窃，偷盗
purse /p s/ n. (女式)钱包
助记)　
①构词　toddle v．蹒跚学步，摇摇晃晃地走＋-(e)r（名词后缀：……的人）→toddler n．
②对比　joy n. 欢乐；乐趣—sorrow n．令人悲伤的事，不幸
③派生　frustrate v．挫败，受挫＋-ion（名词后缀：……状态）→frustration n．
④对比　办公室被人hire（租用）—办公室有人被fire（开除）
⑤派生　supervise v．监督；管理＋-ion（名词后缀：表示行为或状态）→supervision n．
⑥对比　我的“目的”(purpose)是买这个“钱包”(purse)
本单元短语
make ends meet 使收支仅能相抵
interfere with 妨碍，阻止
go into debt 陷入债务之中，负债
designer clothes 名牌服装
rent out 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
at the expense of 以损害……为代价
as to 关于，至于
start out 出发；开始
in response to 对……的反应
at rock-bottom prices 以最低价格
do a further favour 再帮一次忙
as is often the case 情况常常如此
be subject to 从属于
02.单元评价·自查自纠
Ⅰ.单词
1．________ n．额，前额
2．________ n．投入(物)
3．________ n．阶段，时期
4．________ v．购买
5．________ n．赤道
6．________ adj.质量上乘的，优质的
7．________ adj.主观的
forehead
input
phase
purchase
equator
superior
subjective
8．________ v．(短期的)租用，租借
9．________ n．滥用
10．________ n．偷窃，偷盗
11．________ n．日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
12．________ adj.不浓烈的，淡的
13．________ adj.无表情的，木然的
14．________ v．超过，超出
15．________ adj.有潜力的　n. (事物的)潜力，可能性→________ adv. 潜在地
hire
abuse
theft
sunrise
mild
blank
exceed
potential
potentially
16．________ v. 分配，分发→________ n. (商品的)分销，经销
17．________ v. 指导，指引 n. 导游→________ n. 指导，引导
18．________ v. 咨询；商量→________ n. 顾问
19．________ n. 习俗，常规→___________ adj. 传统的，常规的
20．________ v. 不公正地区别对待，歧视→____________ n. 区别对待，歧视
21．________ v. 积累，积聚→____________ n. 积累，积聚
22．________ adj. 自动的→____________ adv. 自动地
23．________ v. 使懊恼，使沮丧→________ n. 懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
distribute
distribution
guide
guidance
consult
consultant
convention
conventional
discriminate
discrimination
accumulate
accumulation
automatic
automatically
frustrate
frustration
Ⅱ.短语
1．________________ 喜欢
2．________________ 以……结束
3．________________ 许多，大量
4．________________ 对……有好处
5．________________ 愿意做
6．________________ 以损害……为代价
7．________________ 牢记
be fond of
end up
a number of
be beneficial to
be willing to do
at the expense of
keep in mind
8．________________ 希望
9．________________ 呈现；承担；雇用
10．________________ 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
11．________________ 与……有关
in the hope of
take on
rent out
be relevant to
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．独立主格结构
They stared back, __________________________________________．
(他们面无表情，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么)
2．强调句型
____________ only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents ________ Zhang realised the potential.(正是……时，才……)
their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next
It was
that
3．It takes sb./sth.＋(时间/精力/金钱等)＋to do sth...
As people say, “__________________________．” (养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力量)
It takes a village to raise a child
03.单元测试卷（四）
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the man think of the dinner
A．Good.　　　　 B．Cheap.　　　　 C．Expensive.
C
2．What does the man plan to do this afternoon
A．Go to a movie. B．Buy a new pair of glasses.
C．Attend his classes.
3．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Husband and wife. B．Boss and secretary. C．Teacher and student.
B
A
4．What does the man mean
A．He is Dr. Johnson. B．He doesn't know why she came here.
C．The doctor will be with the man soon.
5．How much will the man pay
A．25 pence. B．30 pence. C．60 pence.
A
C
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．Who is supposed to attend the meeting
A．Sam. B．John. C．Tom.
7．When will the meeting start
A．At 3：30. B．At 3：15. C．At 3：00.
C
B
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where did the teacher talk with Jack
A．At home. B．Outside school. C．In the classroom.
9．What was Mrs. Smith going to do
A．To visit Jack's father. B．To call Jack's parents. C．To stop worrying about it.
10．When did the teacher see Jack's parents
A．Yesterday. B．Half a year ago. C．The day before yesterday.
C
B
A
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What are the two speakers talking about
A．Future plans. B．Studying at university. C．Part-time jobs.
12．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Classmates. B．Friends. C．Brother and sister.
13．Which is not the man's suggestion
A．To study computer. B．To find a part-time job. C．To have time for fun.
A
B
C
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．How long will it take the man to drive to Salt Lake City
A．Three days. B．Four days. C．Five days.
15．Why won't the man bring sleeping bags
A．He will spend the nights in hotels. B．He has friends along the way.
C．His brother has prepared some for him.
16．Which will the man visit during his journey
A．Disneyland. B．Long Island. C．New York City.
B
A
A
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What can we know about St. Albans
A．It's where Cambridge is. B．It's at the seaside.
C．It's not in France.
18．Why did Herbert come home at that time
A．Because his holiday was over.
B．Because he had no enough money.
C．Because it was too hot and sticky.
C
B
19．What can we know from the speaker
A．The police watched the house for the family.
B．Herbert had done something bad.
C．Herbert returned to the wrong house.
20．Who was Frank
A．Herbert's neighbour. B．A policeman. C．A police officer.
A
B
第一部分　听力
听力材料
Text 1
W: I enjoyed my dinner very much. How was yours
M: Better than expected. But for that price, it should have been good.
Text 2
W: I telephoned to see if you'd like to go to the movies this afternoon.
M: I'd love to，but I just broke my glasses and I have to get another pair before the shop closes.
Text 3
M: Nancy! I have been waiting for you for two hours.
W: Sorry , David. My boss asked me to work overtime.
M: But you should have called me for that.
Text 4
W: Excuse me. I was told I could find Dr. Johnson here.
M: And you have.
Text 5
W: Can I help you
M: Yes, I'd like two pounds of oranges, please.
W: Do you want the ones at 20 pence, 25 pence or 30 pence
M: The ones at 30 pence，please.
Text 6
W: Do you know where Tom is, Sam
M: Sorry，I don't know.
W: Oh，my God!
M: What's the matter
W: He is supposed to be at the meeting a quarter later. But I can't find him anywhere.
M: Oh, I remember something. John told me that Tom went out for lunch at about a quarter to 2 and would not come back until 3 : 30.
W: Then he will be late for the meeting.
M: What's the time now
W: 3：00.
M: Don't worry. I'll call him.
Text 7
W: Have you handed in your exercise book，Jack
M: I'm sorry I haven't, Mrs. Smith. I've already finished the exercise，but I can't find my exercise book anywhere now.
W: Really I don't understand why you're always forgetting to hand in your exercise book. You're lying.
M: Mrs. Smith, but it is true this time.
W: I'm really angry with you. If you won't tell me the truth, I'll have to ring up your parents after class.
M: I'm sorry my parents have gone to New York. They'll be back in half a year.
W: I don't believe you. It was yesterday that I saw them in the supermarket. You are very clever, but you never spend your time doing your math exercises. Sit down, please. Let's get down to business.
Text 8
W: I can't decide whether to go to university or get a job. What do you think
M: Well，if I were you，Jane，I'd go on studying.
W: But I don't even know what to study.
M: If I had the chance again，I'd study computer. You're good at science subject.
W: That's what my parents want me to do.
M: You should take their advice. They know what's the best for you.
W: But my friends will have jobs and lots of fun while I spend all my time studying.
M: But if you go to university，you'll still have time for fun.
W: Umm. What you say makes sense, But, you know, I still have to ask my parents for pocket money and I hate to do so at this age.
M: If you try to find a part-time job, you will have some money, too.
W: You're right. Thank you for the advice.
Text 9
W: Are you going somewhere for your vacation
M: Yes，I'm making plans for a tour.
W: That'll be lovely. Where are you going
M: I start out from Long Island this Friday. I've planned a four-day drive to Salt Lake City, where I'll join my brother and my family for his fortieth birthday.
W: Well, you got to prepare lots of food and enough sleeping bags then
M: Oh，no. I'll spend the nights in hotels and enjoy local food as I pass by. How does it sound
W: It sounds good. You can do a lot of sightseeing，too.
M: Yes，I'll take my time. And I'll go to Disneyland.
W: So，you're going to have a nice vacation.
Text 10
Herbert Marshal was a student at Cambridge, but his hometown was St. Albans. It was August and the family had gone to the seaside. Herbert went to France for his holiday, but he ran out of money, and came home a week earlier than he had expected to.
His train didn't get into St. Albans until just before midnight. The last bus had gone, so he had to walk home. He let himself into the kitchen, and as he was feeling hot and sticky, he took off his shirt to have a wash.
Suddenly he heard heavy steps running up the path. The back door burst open, and he found himself surrounded by policemen. They pushed him into the living room next door, made him sit down，and began asking him questions.
“What's your name？”
“Where do you live？”
“What are you doing here？”
“I live here，” said Herbert. “I've been on holiday.” But nobody listened to him. They just went on asking questions. Then suddenly one of the policemen said：“ Watch him, Frank. We'll go and search the house.”
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Peace Corps is a United States volunteer organization. The mission of the Peace Corps is to promote world peace and friendship by providing trained volunteers for countries that need them. Here is advice of two of those volunteers on joining the Peace Corps and some more information about the activity.
Schwille: It usually takes nine to twelve months to be placed, and it'll take longer if you're married. If you're willing to go anywhere, there are more opportunities. Remember the place you're going is not the place you think it is.
Schneider: The biggest piece of advice I could share is that each experience is so unique and that every experience is incredibly valuable. There is no one way to measure the “success” or “impact” a volunteer has in their community.
Click here to get more information.
FAST FACT
Peace Corps Online
Follow the adventures of the Peace Corps, and get updates about the programme on Facebook, Twitter, or YouTube.
To Be a Volunteer
Length of service is 27 months, which includes an average of three months of in-country training and 24 months of volunteer service.
The application process averages 9—12 months. The minimum age for the Peace Corps service is 18; there is no upper age limit. Volunteers must be US petitive applicants will have a demonstrated commitment to community service, leadership experience, and a willingness to learn a new language.
21．What's the purpose of the Peace Corps
A．To train volunteers.
B．To advance peace and friendship.
C．To provide opportunities.
D．To share experiences.
答案：B　
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“The mission of the Peace Corps is to promote world peace and friendship by providing trained volunteers for countries that need them.”可知，“Peace Corps”的目的是促进和平与友谊。故选B。
22．Who is qualified to be a volunteer of the organization
A．A British postgraduate who wants to give back to society.
B．A Canadian lawyer with adequate volunteering experience.
C．An American gardener who is proficient in French.
D．An American high school student with busy school schedule.
答案：C　
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“The minimum age for the Peace Corps service is 18; there is no upper age limit. Volunteers must be US petitive applicants will have a demonstrated commitment to community service, leadership experience, and a willingness to learn a new language.”可知，精通法语的美国园丁有资格成为该组织的志愿者。故选C。
23．Where can the text be found
A．In a magazine. B．In a biography.
C．On the website. D．In a novel.
答案：C　
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Click here to get more information.”可推知，文章选自网站。故选C。
B
Born in Ryazan, Russia, the hometown of Russian poet Sergei Yesenin, Anastasia Podareva seems to be destined for a similar career.
Podareva, 28, has loved poetry since she was a girl, when her father would introduce her to works by great Russian poets such as Alexander Pushkin and, of course, Yesenin. Growing up, she wrote many poems in both Russian and English. After she came to China to study in 2013, the world of Chinese poetry opened up before her.
She soon gave herself a poetic Chinese name, Tang Xilan, with “tang” referring to the Tang Dynasty (618—907), when Chinese poetry entered a golden age, and both “xi” and “lan” are characters taken from The Book of Songs, the earliest collection of Chinese poetry. Her name means an orchid (兰花) that blooms in the morning.
“One thing that strikes me in reading and writing Chinese poetry is the power of the language—it's melodious (悦耳的) and rhythmic，” says Podareva in My China Surprise, a video series produced by 21st Century.
Over the past decade, Podareva has won awards in multiple poetry writing competitions, published her own Chinese poetry collections, and participated in Chinese Poetry Conference, one of the leading poetry-themed TV programmes in China. On top of that, her most unforgettable memory is that one of her poems was turned into a song. And even better: she sang it herself. The poem, titled “If”， was written in early 2020 at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.
After witnessing China's unity as it faced the pandemic, Podareva felt as one with the Chinese people. “I wanted to create something positive to help inspire and encourage people in times of difficulty，” she says. “Some people may praise China in a very straightforward way, but I prefer to express my feelings about the country through different styles of poems.”
24．What can we learn about Podareva before she came to China
A．She fell in love with poetry.
B．She learned from Yesenin in person.
C．She became a famous poet in Russia.
D．She translated Russian poems into English.
答案：A　
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Podareva, 28, has loved poetry since she was a girl, when her father would introduce her to works by great Russian poets such as Alexander Pushkin and, of course, Yesenin. Growing up, she wrote many poems in both Russian and English.”可知，在来中国之前，Podareva就爱上了诗歌。故选A。
25．Why did Podareva name herself “Tang Xilan”？
A．It dates from the Song Dynasty.
B．It showcases her success in China.
C．It relates to the Chinese poetry.
D．It has beautiful rhythms and melodies.
答案：C　
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段“She soon gave herself a poetic Chinese name, Tang Xilan, with ‘tang’ referring to the Tang Dynasty (618—907), when Chinese poetry entered a golden age, and both ‘xi’ and ‘lan’ are characters taken from The Book of Songs, the earliest collection of Chinese poetry. Her name means an orchid (兰花) that blooms in the morning.”可推知，Podareva称自己为“唐曦兰”，因为它与中国诗歌有关。故选C。
26．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Podareva's poetry journey in China.
B．Podareva's amazing talent in singing.
C．Podareva's fight against the pandemic.
D．Podareva's impression of Chinese poetry.
答案：A　
解析：段落大意题。根据文章第五段“Over the past decade, Podareva has won awards in multiple poetry writing competitions, published her own Chinese poetry collections, and participated in Chinese Poetry Conference...was written in early 2020 at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.”可知，第五段主要讲Podareva在中国的诗歌之旅。故选A。
27．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．People have trouble in gaining inspiration.
B．Podareva has deep love for Chinese people.
C．Poetry is the best form of showing emotions.
D．China's unity was challenged by the pandemic.
答案：B　
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“After witnessing China's unity as it faced the pandemic, Podareva felt as one with the Chinese people. ‘I wanted to create something positive to help inspire and encourage people in times of difficulty，’ she says. ‘Some people may praise China in a very straightforward way, but I prefer to express my feelings about the country through different styles of poems.’”可推知，Podareva对中国人民有着深厚的感情。故选B。
C
Throughout history, music spread among people of different cultures. In today's technological advanced society, however, people spread music online, sometimes without an artist's permission. This can lead to many problems, and music companies are now cracking_down_on this practice. Sharing music online without permission is theft.
Sharing music online prevents recording companies from making money from their efforts. They say that sharing music online has resulted in a huge drop in profits and sales over the past 10 years.
People who find music for free online are not paying for CDs or every MP3 downloaded. To truly understand the influence of music piracy (盗版行为) on creators, one must understand how many people are involved in the recording process. For the sale of each album, profits must be shared between musicians, sound engineers, music producers, managers, advertisers, and the company selling the product. Many people believe sharing music only affects the recording artist, but the reality is that sharing hurts business for all companies involved.
There are many people who don't see the harm in sharing music online and even think they have the right to do it. One online blogger states that he originally paid for an entire CD and that he should be able to do with the material whatever he wants. While he may have legally paid for the music, he does not have the right to provide permission, which means people like the blogger are thieves.
Although we don't spread today's music the same way we did before, there's no doubt that people around the world love to share music. However, Internet piracy would prevent musicians from continuing producing albums for fear of theft. Therefore, if people want to continue listening to their favorite artists, they need to buy their music so that artists will make enough profit to continue their music careers.
28．The underlined phrase “cracking down on” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________．
A．bringing up carefully B．speaking highly of
C．dealing seriously with D．destroying completely
答案：C　
解析：词义猜测题。该题问的是第一段中画线词“cracking down on”是什么意思。根据第一段最后两句可知，未经允许就在网上分享音乐属于偷窃行为。由此可推知，音乐公司正在对这种做法进行严肃处理，所以cracking down on应意为“严肃处理”，与C项意思相近。故选C。
29．What can we infer from the passage
A．Artists are taking action to protect their rights.
B．Sharing music files online affects a lot of people.
C．Online music sharing increases sales of music CD.
D．A person who bought a CD has the right to share it online.
答案：B　
解析：推理判断题。该题问的是我们从文中可以推断出什么。根据第二段最后一句可知，在线分享音乐会损害所有与之相关的公司的生意，即在线分享音乐会影响很多人。故选B。
30．How is the passage organized
A．Topic—Argument—Explanation.
B．Opinion—Discussion—Description.
C．Main idea—Comparison—Supporting statements.
D．Introduction—Supporting statements—Conclusion.
答案：D　
解析：篇章结构题。该题问的是文章的结构是什么。通读全文可知，第一段作者提出问题(引论)：未经允许在线分享音乐是一种盗窃行为；第二、三段分析问题：在线分享音乐会对许多人产生不良影响，属于支持性论述；最后一段得出结论：拒绝盗版音乐，歌迷应该付费购买自己喜欢的歌曲。故选D。
31．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Music piracy is kind of theft.
B．Sharing music is acceptable.
C．Downloading music should be punished.
D．Music piracy is good for music lovers.
答案：A　
解析：主旨大意题。该题问的是文章的主旨大意是什么。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了未经授权在线分享音乐对于音乐家、音乐公司等的不利影响，并提倡人们付费购买自己喜欢的音乐。A项“盗版音乐是一种偷窃行为”可以概括文章大意。故选A。
D
On numerous drives with my mom through my childhood, she would suddenly pull over the car to examine a flower by the side of the road or rescue a beetle from danger while I, in my late teens and early twenties，sat impatiently in the car.
Though Mother's Day follows Earth Day, for me, they have always been related to each other. My mom has been “green” since she became concerned about the environment. Part of this habit was born of thrift (节俭). Like her mother and her grandmother before her, mom saves glass jars, empty cheese containers and reuses her plastic bags.
Mom creates a kind of harmonious relationship with wildlife in her yard. She knows to pick the apples on her trees a little early to avoid the bears and that if she leaves the bird feeders out at night，it is likely that they will be knocked down by a family of raccoons (浣熊). Spiders that make their way into the house and are caught in juice glasses will be set loose in the garden.
I try to teach my children that looking out for the environment starts with being aware of the environment. On busy streets, we look for dandelions (蒲公英) to fly in the wind; we say hello to neighborhood cats and pick up plastic cups and paper bags. This teaching comes easily, I realize, because I was taught so well by example. Mom didn't need to lecture; she didn't need to beat a drum to change the world. She simply slowed down enough to enjoy living in it and with that joy came mercy and an instinct (直觉) for protection.
I am slowing down and it isn't because of the weight of my nearly forty years on the planet, it is just out of my concern for the planet itself. I've begun to save glass jars and reuse packing envelopes. I pause in my daily tasks to watch the squirrels race each other in the trees above my house.
Last summer, I planted tomatoes in my yard. With the heat of August around me, I enjoyed my tomatoes while sitting on my low wall. I immediately wanted to share with my mom.
32．Why does the author say Earth Day is connected with Mother's Day
A．Because Mother's Day falls shortly after Earth Day.
B．To stress that all the older women are environmentalists.
C．To stress how much her mother cares about the environment.
D．Because her mother asks her to be kind to nature on Mother's Day.
答案：C　
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Though Mother's Day follows Earth Day, for me, they have always been related to each other. My mom has been ‘green’ since she became concerned about the environment.”可知，母亲一直过着环保节俭的生活。由此推断作者说母亲节和地球日有关系是为了强调母亲对环境的关注，故选C。
33．Which of the following is NOT related to Mom's “green life”？
A．Picking dandelions on busy streets.
B．Rescuing a beetle from some danger.
C．Setting a caught spider free in the garden.
D．Saving glass jars and empty cheese containers.
答案：A　
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“I try to teach my children that looking out for the environment starts with being aware of the environment. On busy streets, we look for dandelions to fly in the wind”可知，在繁忙的街道上摘蒲公英是作者与孩子们的行为，与母亲的绿色生活无关，故选A。
34．What can we infer from the article
A．The author's mother is very impatient with her children.
B．The author's mother knows how to live in harmony with nature.
C．The author's mother knows how to keep the wildlife off her yard.
D．The author's mother used to lecture her to protect the environment.
答案：B　
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者的妈妈知道如何与自然和谐共处，故选B。
35．The change order of the writer's attitude towards her mom's behavior should be ________．
A．doubtful—critical—positive
B．approving—doubtful—negative
C．understanding—critical—approving
D．negative—understanding—approving
答案：D　
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“she would suddenly pull over the car to examine a flower by the side of the road or rescue a beetle from danger while I, in my late teens and early twenties, sat impatiently in the car”和第四段的“because I was taught so well by example”以及倒数第二段的“I've begun to save glass jars and reuse packing envelopes. I pause in my daily tasks to watch the squirrels race each other in the trees above my house.”可推测，作者对母亲做法的态度转变是从不耐烦到理解，最后到效仿的一个过程。D项(否定——理解——赞成)符合以上说法，故选D。
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Making other people feel good feels good, and, best of all, it requires little more than a generous heart. Studies show that people feel happier when they do something kind for another person, and both recipients and good deed-doers can get the benefits. It can't be a smarter idea to create this World Kindness Day. __36__．
●Learn a friend's language
Picking up a bit of a friend or co-worker's first language and speaking it with them shows them you care and take an interest in their experiences. Making someone feel included and respected will feel a greater sense of belonging, an essential component of happiness.
●__37__
Reaching out to someone for the first time in a long time can be an instant remedy (治疗) for whatever trouble you. It's as simple as a text, a note or a FaceTime call. Let someone know you're thinking of them, even after some time apart. Studies suggest strong bonds can improve physical health, too.
●Genuinely compliment (赞扬) someone
A respectful comment that comes from the heart about someone's unique hair style, excellent performance in a concert or their great solution to a problem at work might be all it takes to improve someone's mood. __38__．
●Collect trash you see around your neighborhood
Picking up trash and recyclables off the street beautifies your community and benefits the environment. __39__. The environment can't clean itself, after all!
●Thank the people in your life
They are the security guard outside of your workplace, the supermarket worker you see every day, your mom. __40__. Thank people for the things, big and small, that they do that improve your life. Gratitude is priceless.
A．Others' positive words could help some people be a bit kinder to themselves, too
B．If your friends are overweight, that too ups the odds you'll pack on pounds
C．Open your heart with some small, free ways to make someone's day
D．Without their help, your world might not run as efficiently
E．It might even inspire others to take up the task with you
F．Reconnect with a friend or family member
G．Have an eye contact with friends
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了做让别人高兴的事情也会使自己感到开心的一些方法。
36．答案：C　解析：上文讲创建世界友好日是一个再聪明不过的想法了；下文给出了几条具体的建议。C项“用一些小的、免费的方式打开你的心扉，让别人开心”承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
37．答案：F　解析：通读本段可知，本段主要讲述了要与许久未联系的家人或朋友再次联系，这对人的心理健康有益。F项“再次联系你的朋友或家人”统领本段，符合语境。故选F。
38．答案：A　解析：根据本段小标题“Genuinely compliment(赞扬)someone”可知，本段讲述的是要真诚地赞美别人。A项“他人的一些积极的话语可以帮助一些人对自己更友好”符合语境。故选A。
39．答案：E　解析：根据本段小标题“Collect trash you see around your neighborhood”可知，本段主要讲要捡拾你在周围看到的垃圾，这样会美化社区环境；下文讲毕竟环境不会自动变好。E项“这也许会鼓励其他人与你一起承担责任”引出下文，符合语境。故选E。
40．答案：D　解析：根据本段小标题“Thank the people in your life”可知，本段讲要感谢你生活中的人；下文讲这些人为你所做的大事小事，都使你的生活有所改善，感恩是无价的。D项“没有他们的帮助，你的世界可能无法高效运转”引出下文，符合语境。故选D。
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Have you ever lost something precious and thought you'd never get it back A woman named Thomas from Oregon found a bag from a bargain shop. However, little did she know that bag would change someone's life for the __41__．
It looked brand-new so she bought it without __42__. After making it home, she noticed something interesting and turned it over to __43__， and something heavy moved. She started to think negative thoughts in fear of what was left there. Thomas also __44__ why the last owner would throw away such a valuable item. Curiously, she __45__ further down through a hole in the lining (衬布). Slowly she pulled a brand-new __46__ out with astonishment! That left her __47__ more questions
. For example, who did it on earth __48__？ On seeing picture after picture, she assumed it was a mother and her child, __49__ that such a loss must have got a mother upset all her life. Therefore, she shared the photos online, hoping someone would __50__ them! Meanwhile, she doubted whether they remained here.
__51__， the owner Conner was nearby. Thomas __52__ her that she had her camera with timeless photos. She nearly burst into tears the moment she saw the photos Thomas sent her. Thomas arranged a(n) __53__ with Conner. “Thank you! It never occurs to me that my camera should return to my __54__； after all, seven years.” Conner blurted (脱口而出) as she walked up to Thomas with __55__. Thanks to Thomas, all her past memories were back in her hands and heart.
41． A．richer B．better C．easier D．harder
42．A.doubt B．mercy C．hesitation D．regret
43．A.examine B．open C．match D．sew
44．A.understood B．reflected C．recalled D．wondered
45．A.looked B．reached C．bent D．stretched
46．A.camera B．photo C．record D．phone
47．A.with B．off C．into D．beyond
48．A.take to B．stick to C．belong to D．respond to
49．A.anxious B．aware C．curious D．sensitive
50．A.recognize B．confirm C．contact D．observe
51．A.Unfortunately B．Eventually C．Hopefully D．Thankfully
52．A.begged B．reminded C．informed D．convinced
53．A.meeting B．interview C．celebration D．conference
54．A.charge B．possession C．name D．collection
55．A.dignity B．surprise C．relief D．excitement
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位女士偶然在二手市场买到一个包，发现包的夹层里有一个相机，相机里是一位母亲和她的孩子的照片。这位女士通过在网络上发布照片找到了相机的主人。相机的主人因七年后重新找到这些照片和美好的记忆而欣喜不已的故事。
41．答案：B　解析：根据语境可知，这位女士根本不知道这个包会使一个人的生活变得更好。故选B。
42．答案：C　解析：根据上文中的“It looked brand-new so she bought it”可知，这个二手包看起来是全新的，所以她毫不犹豫地买下了它。故选C。a
43．答案：A　解析：根据上文中的“she noticed something interesting and turned it over”可知，她注意到包里有有趣的东西，所以她将包翻过去仔细查看。故选A。
44．答案：D　解析：根据下文中的“why the last owner would throw away such a valuable item”可知，Thomas也想知道为什么这个包的上任主人会将这么珍贵的物品遗弃了。故选D。
45．答案：B　解析：根据下文中的“further down through a hole”可知，出于好奇，她继续朝下通过衬布的洞伸手触摸(包的里面)。故选B。
46．答案：A　解析：根据下文中的“On seeing picture after picture”可知，她惊讶地从包里拿出了一个崭新的相机。故选A。
47．答案：A　解析：根据语境可知，这使她有了更多的疑问。故选A。
48．答案：C　解析：根据下文中的“On seeing picture after picture，she assumed it was a mother and her child”可知，此处表示她想知道这个相机究竟属于谁呢？故选C。
49．答案：B　解析：根据下文“Therefore，she shared the photos online, hoping someone would __50__ them！”及语境可知，她知道这样的 损失一定会使这位母亲一生感到不安。故选B。
50．答案：A　解析：根据上文中的“she shared the photos online”可知，她在网上将这些图片分享出来，希望有人能认出这些照片。故选A。
51．答案：D　解析：根据下文中的“the owner Conner was nearby”可知，谢天谢地，相机的主人就在附近。故选D。
52．答案：C　解析：根据语境可知，Thomas告知Conner，她拥有她丢失的那些照片。故选C。
53．答案：A　解析：根据下文中的“with Conner”及语境可知，Thomas安排了和Conner的会面。故选A。
54．答案：B　解析：根据上文中的“It never occur to me that my camera should return”可知，Conner从没想到自己能够重新拥有这部相机！故选B。
55．答案：D　解析：根据语境可知，Conner激动地说：“我从没想到自己能够重新拥有这部相机！”故选D。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've been making breastpins (胸针) and gifting them to everyone possible and if you ask me why I do it, it's because of the joy 56.________ just bursts forth from my inner heart. The smile that lights up at the sight of the breastpin is worth anything you'd wish for and it goes much 57.________ (far). From that moment on, there's a 58.________ (connect) between gifting breastpins and happiness.
We exchange warm hugs, smiles and a million “thank you”. This hobby that has so attracted me has opened my heart and brought me out of my cocoon (茧). Now, I don't mind starting a conversation with a stranger, 59.________ (wish) him or her well and gifting a breastpin because I know that this little piece of art will do 60.________ (it) magic of breaking all barriers. We unite and share stories and next time our 61.________ (path) cross, we greet and smile, which is enough 62.________ (brighten) the day.
This morning, I received 63.________ heart-warming post on Instagram (照片墙) from a friend who I 64.________ (give) a blue and white spotted breastpin. She shared it along 65.________ the shells collected from the beach. She loved sea shells and the colors blue and white. So, here's why I make breastpins.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者不仅喜欢做胸针，还喜欢与他人分享自己做的胸针，这样她可以得到快乐，也有助于和其他人交流。
56．答案：that/which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是“the joy”，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用that/which引导该从句。故填that/which。
57．答案：further　解析：考查副词的比较等级。此处的副词“much”修饰的应是副词的比较级。故填further。
58．答案：connection　考查词性转换。不定冠词“a”修饰可数名词单数形式。故填connection。
59．答案：wishing　解析：考查非谓语动词。主语“I”和动词wish构成逻辑上的主动关系，此处应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填wishing。
60．答案：its　解析：考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词“magic”。故填its。
61．答案：paths　解析：考查名词的单复数。path是可数名词，此处应用其复数形式，表示泛指。故填paths。
62．答案：to brighten　解析：考查非谓语动词。enough to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“足够做……”。故填to brighten。
63．答案：a　解析：考查冠词。此处表示收到了一个暖心的邮件，表泛指，应用不定冠词修饰；且“heart-warming”是读音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a修饰。故填a。
64．答案：had given　解析：考查动词的时态。此处指一个作者赠予过蓝白点胸针的朋友。在定语从句中，主语是“I”，且“give”这个动作发生在主句谓语动词“received”之前，即过去的过去，时态应用过去完成时。故填had given。
65．答案：with　解析：考查介词。along with...为固定搭配，意为“连同……”。故填with。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你的一个美国朋友Bob正在中国学习，他现在遇到了一些学习上的困难。请你写一封邮件告诉他如何有效地学习。内容包括：
1．如何取得好成绩；
2．培养良好的学习习惯。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
答案：Dear Bob，
I heard that you are having trouble fitting into your new study in China, which is quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions are beneficial.
First of all, it is necessary and useful to set a specific aim. Only when you have a specific aim can you study more efficiently. In addition, you are supposed to form good learning habits, which can contribute to better academic performances. Besides, it is equally important for you to keep a balance between study and proper relaxation. In conclusion, the more scientific your learning methods are, the better you will perform in exams.
I would be more than happy to see your improvement.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The whole class burst out laughing as Mohi rushed into the classroom. He was a strange sight. His half-buttoned white shirt revealed a red pyjama (睡衣) top underneath, and instead of white school shoes, he had on a pair of bright green sandals that were two sizes too big. The physics teacher's hand froze in the middle of writing a formula (公式) on the blackboard.
Mohi mumbled (含糊地说), “Sorry, teacher”. And he moved hurriedly to his seat. Mr. Tan glared at the rest of the students. The laughter quickly wore off. Mohi's classmates always looked forward to Mondays. Nine times out of ten, they would be entertained by Mohi's late arrival and his odd appearance which usually included inappropriate clothing.
Mohi lived just a street away from the school. He walked to school daily. Students passing by in buses would yell his name in unison just to see him jump and stop in his tracks. When he spotted the merry bunch in the bus, he would wave good-naturedly. Although Mohi was likeable, he was too lost in his own thoughts to make friends. His classmates found him amusing but they ignored him most of the time. Only Hamed, who sat next to Mohi, tried to be his friend.
The following Monday, Mohi did not turn up at school. His classmates were a little disappointed but quickly forgot about him. After school, Hamed decided to walk over to Mohi's house to check on him. As he approached the gate, he could hear violin music. Mohi must be listening to music, he thought. The gate was not locked. Hamed let himself in. He called Mohi's name but there was no response. The music played on. Hamed looked searchingly in through a window. His eyes widened in surprise. In the middle of the living room, Mohi was playing the violin. His eyes were closed in concentration as he drew the bow over the strings expertly. He played perfectly, so much so that it sounded like a recording. Hamed left quietly.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
When Teacher's Day came around, Hamed had a plan.__________ ________________________________________________________________________
Mohi became a star of the school.____________________ _____________________________________________
答案：When Teacher's Day came around, Hamed had a plan. It was the tradition of the school to have a concert for the teachers. Every class had to contribute an item. Hamed convinced the class to let Mohi perform. Short of ideas, the class agreed. On the day of the concert, both the teachers and students were surprised to see the school's clumsiest student walking on stage with a violin. When he started to play, the audience fell silent. Jaws dropped. As the last note ended, there was a moment of silence. Then the audience erupted into thunderous applause.
Mohi became a star of the school. Music lovers often crowded to inquire his tips. Mohi never refused a request. They even founded a club, where Mohi became their true leader. Lots of fans following the new school celebrity every day, Mohi waved nicely to his classmates on the school bus as usual. There was the same Mohi. Today, Mohi and Hamed are the best of friends. Mohi is on a scholarship pursuing music in a world famous music academy. Usually, he arrives to class wearing neat suits and a pair of well-matched shoes, but low-key and enthusiastic.Section Ⅳ　Writing——写正反观念的议论文
Part Ⅰ　文体感知
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
Skim and reorder the procedures of writing an essay about non-cash payments.
①Definition of non-cash payments.
②Problems that non-cash payments bring.
③Benefits of non-cash payments.
④Conclusion.
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达
Write down useful sentences to describe the opinions about using non-cash payments.
(1)Non-cash payment is ________________________________．
(2)It might not be ________________________， as computers and phones can be stolen or hacked easily.
(3)Despite their convenience, people who don't know how to use electronic payments ________________．
Ⅲ.知识点
①non-cash payments 非现金支付
②a blink of the eye 眨一下眼睛
③speak of 提及，说到
④over-consumption 过度消费
⑤as long as 只要
⑥what if 如果……该怎么办？
⑦rather than 而不是
⑧for good 永远地
Part Ⅱ　Writing an essay about non-cash payments
1．文体介绍
分析利弊型文章是议论文的一种。文章通过讨论某种现象或剖析某种事物来论述道理、发表意见或提出主张。通常先陈述要分析的事物、现象等是什么，即给事物/现象下定义或说明事物/现象的特征，然后陈述该事物/现象的优缺点，最后对该事物/现象的存在进行总结并表明自己的观点。
2．篇章结构
这种类型的文章一般可分为三段：
第一段：开门见山，引入话题；
第二段：论述事物/现象的优缺点；
第三段：表明自己的观点。
3．常用表达
(1)首段常用的句型
?Nowadays, it is a common phenomenon that... 如今，……已成为一个普遍的现象。
?In recent years... has been popular.
近年来，……非常流行。
(2)陈述优势时常用的句型
?There are many advantages/strengths in... First，... Second，...
……有许多优势。第一，……第二，……
?Its advantages can be listed as follows. For one thing，...For another，...它的优势可以列举如下。一方面……另一方面……
(3)陈述弊端时常用的句型
?But every coin has two sides. Obviously it has some disadvantages...但是事物都有两面性。很明显，它有一些劣势……
?However, just like anything else，... has its negative side as well.
但是和其他事物一样，……也有其不好的一面。
(4)提出自己的看法或观点时常用的句型
?To sum up, the advantages of... far outweigh its disadvantages.总之，……的优点远多于它的缺点。
?In spite of these disadvantages, I think... do/does more good than harm to us.尽管有这些劣势，我认为……对我们来说利大于弊。
典题演练
目前，一些诸如GG，MM，Xia Mi等网络俚语在青少年中极为盛行，并且出现在家庭作业、报告，甚至全国入学考试的作文中。请你以“Should Internet Slang (俚语；行话) Be Prohibited (禁止)？”为题，用英语写一篇短文，内容如下：
1．一些同学认为：网络俚语生动、时尚且充满幽默与智慧，使网上聊天更快捷；
2．另一些同学认为：网络俚语缺乏思想性，没有被大部分人理解、接受，过多使用使人不解，甚至造成误解；
3．你的观点。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：生动的vivid；智慧intelligence
Should Internet Slang Be Prohibited
The topic of Internet Slang, such as “GG, MM, Xia Mi”， is becoming more and more popular recently.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
谋篇布局
遣词造句
完成句子
1．有人赞成网络俚语。
Some are ________________________ Internet Slang.
2．他们认为网络俚语生动、时尚且充满幽默和智慧。
They ________________________ Internet Slang is vivid, fashionable and full of humor and intelligence.
3．我认为我们生活在信息时代。
________________________，we live in the Information Age.
4．我们不了解网络俚语，我们似乎就会落伍。
We don't know the Internet Slang. And we seem to ________ the times.
句式升级
5．用非谓语动词作状语合并句1和句2。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．用非谓语动词作状语以及条件状语从句合并句3和句4。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
完美成篇
Section Ⅳ　Writing——写正文观念的议论文
Part Ⅰ　文体感知
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
①③②④
Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达
(1)the best way to go
(2)as safe as you think
(3)might feel excluded
Part Ⅱ 　Writing an essay about non cash payments
遣词造句
1．in favour of　2.hold the view that　3.From my point of view　4.fall behind　5.Some are in favour of Internet Slang, holding the view that Internet Slang is vivid, fashionable and full of humor and intelligence.　6.From my point of view, living in the Information Age, if we don't know the Internet Slang, we seem to fall behind the times.
完美成篇
Should Internet Slang Be Prohibited
The topic of Internet Slang, such as “GG, MM, Xia Mi”， is becoming more and more popular recently. People hold different opinions about it. Some are in favour of Internet Slang, holding the view that Internet Slang is vivid, fashionable and full of humor and intelligence. Besides, it makes chatting on the Internet quicker.
However, others think Internet Slang lacks depth of thought and is too simple. What's more, it is hard to understand and not accepted by most people. The words sometimes might make people confused, even resulting in misunderstanding.
In my opinion, Internet Slang will be OK only if it is used properly.(共116张PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
单元脉图·素养导引
01.课前预习·自主学习
02.要点精研·探究学习
03.课时达标·随堂自测
04.课时作业（十三）
内容
索引
01.课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
(　　)1.forehead A．n.日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
(　　)2.chairwoman B．n.投入(物)
(　　)3.sunrise C．n.女主席；女会长
(　　)4.bug D．n.障碍，阻碍，妨碍
(　　)5.input E．n.阶段，时期
(　　)6.obstacle F．v.购买
J
C
A
I
B
D
(　　)7.phase G．n.化妆品，美容品
(　　)8.cosmetics H．n.奖金；红利
(　　)9.purchase I．n.突然的兴趣，迷恋
(　　)10.bonus J．n.额，前额
E
G
F
H
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．enterprise n．公司→enterprising adj.有创业精神 的；有事业心的；有进取心的→_____________ adj.创业的，具有创业精神的
2．distribute v．分配，分发→________ n．(商品的)分销，经销→distributor n．销售者；批发商；分销商
3．guide v．指导；指引 n．导游→________n.指导，引导
4．consult v．咨询；商量→________ n．顾问
entrepreneurial
distribution
guidance
consultant
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．take a deep ________ 深呼吸
2．be ________ of 喜欢
3．________ up 结果
4．________ from 毕业于
5．give ________ 归还
6．in the ________ of 希望
7．the ________ 大多数
8．a ________ of 许多，大量
breath
fond
end
graduate
back
hope
majority
number
预习验收·衔接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．________ n. 额，前额
2．________ adj. 无表情的，木然的
3．________ adj. 头晕目眩的
4．________ n. 障碍，阻碍，妨碍
5．________ n. 阶段，时期
6．________ v. 购买
forehead
blank
dizzy
obstacle
phase
purchase
Ⅱ.短语填空
take a deep breath, be fond of, end up, a number of, persuade... to, be willing to, dream of，most of all
1. ________________， I can do the job that I want to do.
2．I have always ________________ flying my own plane.
3．________________ working women are in low paid jobs.
4．We're trying to ________ manufacturers ________ sell them here.
5．I had ________________ our little house and felt sad to leave it.
Most of all
dreamed of
A number of
persuade
to
been fond of
6．Her lips parted as if she were about to ________________．
7．If you ________________ help me, I'll find somebody who will.
8．We had to eat out all the time. It ______________ costing a fortune.
take a deep breath
aren't willing to
ended up
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．张月感到头晕目眩，她深吸了一口气，艰难地完成了她的演讲……
________________， Zhang Yue took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation...
2．这就是为什么我需要你的帮助，把我激动人心的新事业变成一个成功的事业。
And ________________ I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.
3．直到那时，当地人才开始相信我。
It was ________________the locals began to believe me.
Feeling dizzy
that is why
only then that
课文自测·强化理解
Ⅰ.课文解构(挑战创新题)
interview
reasons
challenges
advice
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.
[句式分析]
本句为强调句型It was...that...结构。强调的是介词短语only after...her parents。
[尝试翻译] _____________________________________________
直到海外大学毕业后，回国探望父母时，张才意识到这一潜力。
2．All over the world, an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as the growing economy creates more opportunities.
[句式分析]
本句为主从复合句。主句为an increasing number of...their own businesses，as引导原因状语从句。
[尝试翻译] _____________________________________________
在世界各地，由于经济的增长创造了更多机会，越来越多有进取心的年轻人开始考虑自己创业。
3．The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience.
[句式分析]
本句为主从复合句。The biggest challenge... work for me为主句，which引导非限制性定语从句。
[尝试翻译]
_______________________________________________________
最初阶段最大的挑战是说服人们为我工作，这完全是我没有经历过的。
Ⅲ.表格填空
Business Blossoms Structure Of the text Part 1 (Para. 1～Para. 2) ·The line of sweat ran down her 1.________.
·She mainly feared the four people seated in front of her.
·She struggled to finish her 2.______________.
·Her company lies in a 3.________.
·People should finish picking the rose flowers before 4.________.
forehead
presentation
valley
sunrise
Structure Of the text Part 2 (Para. 3～Para. 4) ·She graduated from university overseas and realised the 5.________ of planting rose flowers.
·She wanted to give something back to her home town.
·Being her own boss gave her some 6.________.
potential
freedom
Structure Of the text Part 3 (Para. 5～Para. 6) ·More and more enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses.
·Zhang Yue got investment and the all important 7.________ and support.
·She has overcome a number of 8. ________ to succeed in her business.
·Her product is one of the best in Asia.
input
obstacles
Structure Of the text Part 4 (Para. 7～Para. 8) ·She advised that people should be realistic and seek 9.________ from expert consultants.
·To succeed in business, people should need a lot of things.
·Most of all, don't be too 10.____________.
guidance
ambitious
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．How did Zhang Yue feel when appeared on TV
A．Excited. B．Nervous.
C．Depressed. D．Calm.
B
2．Why should rose flowers be picked before sunrise
A．Because they grow well then.
B．Because they are most beautiful then.
C．Because there are too many people then.
D．Because they are easily damaged or broken.
D
3．What's the biggest challenge at the initial phase for Zhang Yue
A．Her parents' disapproval.
B．Her lack of confidence.
C．How to win the belief of local people.
D．Her lack of capital and equipment.
C
4．How did a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics help Zhang Yue
A．To provide her with a lot of money.
B．To buy her product and help with its distribution.
C．To provide her some advice.
D．To help her plant rose flowers.
B
5．What can be learned from the statement of Zhang Yue in the last paragraph
A．Young people should be modest and know their weaknesses.
B．Running one's own business is easy.
C．Good management and negotiating skills is the most important.
D．There is no need to know the limits of people you work with.
A
Ⅴ.选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息(其中有一项是多余的)
A．As people say
B．As she spoke
C．After I went on TV
D．as she struggled to finish her presentation
E.as the growing economy creates more opportunities
F．Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit
1．________， Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking.
2．Zhang Yue took a deep breath ________.
3．________， “It takes a village to raise a child.”
4．________， a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution.
5．________， she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
B
D
A
C
F
原文研读·立体透析
[词汇积累]
①forehead/'f r d/n．额，前额
②blank/bl k/adj.无表情的，木然的
③dizzy/'d zi/adj.头晕目眩的
④take a deep breath深呼吸
⑤presentation n.提交；出示；介绍会
⑥chairwoman/'t e w m n/ n.女主席；女会长
⑦be fond of 喜欢
⑧sunrise/'s nra z/n.日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
⑨delicate adj.易碎的；纤细的
⑩graduate from毕业于
potential/p 'ten ( )l/ n．(事物的)潜力，可能性
bug/b ɡ/n.突然的兴趣，迷恋
enterprising/'ent pra z / adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的
economy n．经济
investment n．投资
devotion n．奉献；关爱
the majority 大多数
rejection n．拒绝
input/' np t/n.投入(物)
experienced adj.有经验的
entrepreneur n.企业家
overcome v．克服
obstacle/' bst k( )l/n.障碍，阻碍，妨碍
initial adj.最初的
phase/fe z/n.阶段，时期
manufacturer/ m nj 'f kt ( )r /n.制造商；制造公司，制造厂
cosmetics/k z'met ks/n.化妆品，美容品
purchase/'p t s/v．购买
distribution/ d str 'bju ( )n/n.(商品的)分销，经销
decent adj.合适的；适当的
bonus/'b n s/n.奖金；红利
[教材原文]
Business Blossoms
As_she_spoke[1], Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking. She couldn't, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead①， which_was_caused_partly_by_the_heat_of_the_television_studio [2], but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. They stared back, their blank② faces giving no clue as to
what_they_would_say_next_[3].Feeling_dizzy③，_Zhang_Yue_took_a_deep_breath④_as_she_struggled_to_finish_her_presentation⑤_[4]，“And_that_is_why_I_need_your_help_in_turning_my_new_and_exciting_business_into_a_successful_one[5].”
[1]As 引导时间状语从句。
[2]which引导非限制性定语从句。
[3]as to是介词短语，其后是宾语从句，what在宾语从句中作say的宾语。
[4]Feeling dizzy是现在分词短语作状语，as引导状语从句。
[5]is后是why引导的表语从句。
Now chairwoman⑥ of her own company, Zhang Yue is fond of⑦ saying, “The early bird catches the worm.” The_place_where_this_happens_is_a_valley[6], a world away from any television studio. Moving carefully through the darkness, she passes row upon row of rose plants. In an hour, these fields will be full of people, working quickly to pick the flowers before sunrise⑧. “It has to be done then，” says Zhang. “These flowers are delicate⑨ .”
[6]The place是先行词，where引导定语从句。
Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing. Surrounded_by_roses_as_she_was_growing_up[7], she paid them little attention. It_was_only_after_graduating_from⑩_university_overseas_and_returning_to_visit_her_parents_that_Zhang_realised_the_potential [8]. “Conditions are ideal here，” she says.“This is a place where roses grow wild.”
[7]Surrounded by...是过去分词短语作状语。
[8]本句属于强调句。
Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which_surprised_many_people[9]. “I wanted to experience the freedom of being my own boss，”she said. “But I also wanted to give something back to my home town. As people say, ‘It takes a village to raise a child.’”
[9]which引导非限制性定语从句。
She_is_not_the_only_young_person_to_have_been_bitten_by_the_start up_bug [10]. All over the world, an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as_the_growing_economy _creates_more_opportunities[11]. Like Zhang, they present their ideas in the hope of getting investment and advice, and they have the same passion and devotion . The majority meet with rejection . A few, like Zhang Yue, find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all important input and support from more experienced business people. The road to their success is however still a long and difficult one, with many challenges along the way.
[10]the only, the first/last修饰名词，名词后常跟不定式作定语。
[11]as引导原因状语从句。
As someone who grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants. However, like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had a lot to learn. She has overcome a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today. “The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience.
Few in the village believed I could create a multi million yuan business from flowers，”says Zhang. “After I went on TV, a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution . It_was_only_then_that_the_locals_began_to_believe_me[12]. Now my product is one of the best in Asia. This year, I can pay all my fellow workers a decent bonus .”
[12]句中It was only then that...为强调句型。
[课文译文]
事业开花
张月一边说着，一边把双手放在身后，来掩饰自己在发抖。然而，她却无法掩饰额头上流淌的汗水，部分原因是电视演播室的高温，更多的原因是害怕坐在她前面的四个人。他们回过头来，面无表情，不知道接下来他们会说什么。张月感到头晕目眩，她深吸了一口气，艰难地完成了她的演讲，“这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，把我激动人心的新事业变成一个成功的事业。”
现在，张月是自己创建的公司的董事长，她非常喜欢说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”她的公司在一个山谷里，一个远离任何电视演播室的世界。她小心翼翼地穿过黑暗，走过一排一排的玫瑰花。再过一个小时，田地里就会挤满了人，忙着在日出前采花。“我们必须这样做，”张月说，“这些花很娇嫩。”
张从来没想过最终她会做这件事情。在她成长的过程中，虽然她周围到处都是玫瑰，但她很少注意到它们。直到海外大学毕业后，回国探望父母时，张才意识到这一潜力。“这里的条件很理想，”她说．“这是一个适合种植野生玫瑰的地方。”
因此，张决定回到家乡种植玫瑰，这让很多人感到惊讶。“我想体验给自己当老板的自由，”她说，“但我也想回报我的家乡。正如人们所说，‘养育一个孩子，要举全村之力。’”
她并不是唯一一个热衷于创业的年轻人。在世界各地，由于经济的增长创造了更多机会，越来越多有进取心的年轻人开始考虑自己创业。和张一样，他们提出自己的想法是希望得到投资和建议，他们也有同样的热情和奉献精神。大多数人遭到拒绝。少数人，像张月一样，发现自己足够幸运，能够从更有经验的商人那里得到投资和非常重要的投入和支持。然而，他们的成功之路仍然是漫长而艰难的，同时也面临着许多挑战。
作为一个在农村长大的人，张之前就了解种植植物。然而，和所有刚起步的企业家一样，她还有很多东西要学。她克服了许多障碍，使自己的企业在今天取得成功。张说：“最初阶段最大的挑战是说服人们为我工作，这完全是我没有经历过的。村里很少有人相信我种植玫瑰能获利百万元。”“我登上电视屏幕之后，一家主要生产化妆品的亚洲制造商愿意购买我的产品并帮助我分销。直到那时，当地人才开始相信我。现在我的产品是亚洲最好的产品之一。今年，我可以给所有同事发一笔可观的奖金。”
dream of/about梦想
entrepreneurial/ ntr pr 'n ri l/adj.创业的，具有创业精神的
realistic adj.现实的；实际的
guidance/'ɡа d( )ns/n.指导，引导
consultant/k n's lt nt/n.顾问
determination n．决心
access n．& v.通道；进入
negotiate vt.谈判；磋商
ambitious adj.
有雄心的；有野心的,　　Seeing_her_peers_who_also_dream_of _success_and_independence[13], Zhang has mixed feelings. Though_she_welcomes_the_new_entrepreneurial _spirit,_she_advises_that_people_be_realistic _and_seek_guidance _from_expert_consultants _before_rushing_into_things[14].
[13]现在分词短语Seeing her peers...作状语。
[14]Though引导让步状语从句，advise后面的that从句应用“should＋do”形式，should可以省略。
“I love running my own business, but it's not for everyone，” says Zhang. “To succeed in business, you need more than a good idea, hard work and determination . What_really_matters[15] is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating skills. Most of all, don't be too ambitious . You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with. For young people who have little life experience, that can be a challenge.”
[15]What引导主语从句，且What在从句中作主语。,　　看到同样梦想着成功和自立的同龄人，张喜忧参半。尽管她欢迎这种新的创业精神，但她建议人们要实事求是，向专家顾问寻求指导，避免仓促行事。
“我喜欢经营自己的企业，但不是每个人都这样做，”张说，“要想在商业上取得成功，你需要的不仅仅是一个好主意、努力工作和决心。真正重要的是一个合理的商业规划，资金获取，好的管理和谈判技巧。最重要的是，不要野心太大。你应该了解自己和与你所共事的人的能力限值。对于生活经验不足的年轻人来说，这可能是一个挑战。”
02.要点精研·探究学习
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Fill in the ________ (blank) using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
②To my surprise, my father looked at me ________ (blank).
blanks
blankly
完成句子
③Chan's ________________ (茫然的表情) made the author smile.
④______________________ (如果你脑子里一片空白), try not to panic.
blank expression
If your mind goes blank
2)potential n．(事物的)潜力，可能性　adj.可能的，潜在的)
(教材原句)．..Zhang realised the potential.
……张才意识到这一潜力。
He has the potential to become a champion.他有潜力成为冠军。
They have found new ways of attracting potential customers.
他们已经找到了吸引潜在客户的新方法。
Every seed is a potential plant.每粒种子都可能长成植物。
(1)have the potential to do sth. 有潜力做某事
(2)achieve/fulfil/realize one's (full) potential 发挥某人的(全部)潜力
(3)the potential for development 发展潜力
the potential for (doing) sth. (做)某事的可能性/潜力
(4)potential benefits/problems 潜在的好处/问题
potential danger/risk 潜在的危险
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①People who do not smoke have less potential ________ suffering from lung cancer than those who smoke.
②He has the potential ____________ (appoint) as manager this year.
③He has the potential ________ (work) as a consultant.
for
to be appointed
to work
3)distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销；分发，分配　distribute v．分销，经销；分发，分配)
They could not agree on the distribution of the profits.
他们不能就利润的分配达成一致意见。
The distribution of these language is hugely uneven.
这些语言的分布极不平衡。
The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims.
这个机构向地震灾民分发了食品。
The money was distributed among schools in the area.
这笔款项是在本地区的学校中分配的。
(1)the unfair distribution of wealth 财富分配不公
the geographical distribution of the disease
疾病的地域分布情况
food distribution 食物分配
(2)distribute...to... 把……分配给/分发给……
distribute...between/among... 在……之间分配……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We could reduce our costs by developing a more efficient ________ (distribute) network.
②Copies of the book _____________ (distribute) free to each school in the district yesterday.
③She distributed the books donated by kind hearted people ________ the children.
④The boys complained that the ________ (distribute) of prizes was unfair.
distribution
were distributed
to/among
distribution
4)guidance n．指导，引导)
(教材原句)．..she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
……但她建议人们要现实一点，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。
Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced scholar.所有活动都在一位有经验的学者的指导下进行。
I think you should seek guidance from your lawyer on this matter.
我认为这件事你应该咨询一下你的律师。
Teenagers need adults to guide them.青少年需要成人来指导。
under one's guidance＝under the guidance of 在某人的指导下
seek guidance from sb. 向某人寻求指导
guide sb. to/through/around 带某人到/穿过/参观……
[单词积累]　guide v．引导； 指导　n．指南；导游
guided adj.有指导的；有导游的
guideline n．指导方针；指导原则
misguide vt.误导；使误入歧途
misguided adj.帮倒忙的；错误的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Under the ________ (guide) of his father, I think he can settle this matter.
②The shop assistant guided me ________ the shelf where the historical novels were displayed.
③Your presence and ________ (guide) are requested.
完成句子
④I expect you to ______________ (向……寻求指导) some of our managers.
⑤The role of the supervisor is to ___________________ (向学生提供指导).
⑥________________ (在他的指导下), we finished the work smoothly.
guidance
to
guidance
seek guidance from
provide guidance to students
Under his guidance
5)end up结果……，以……结束)
(教材原句)Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing.张月从未想过这是她最终会做的事情。
The conference ended up signing no agreement.
大会结束了，没有签署任何协议。
The party ended up with a beautiful song.
聚会以一首动听的歌曲结束。
If you go on like this, you'll end up in prison.
你如果继续这样，早晚得进监狱。
He could end up as headmaster.他没准儿哪天会当上校长。
[联想拓展]
bring sth. to an end 使某事结束　put/bring an end to sth. 结束某事
come to an end 结束 in the end 最后，终于
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The gang of suspects ended up ________ (flee) away.
②He wasted too much money in playing and no wonder he ended up ________ debt.
③The closing ceremony of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics ended up ________ Beijing 8 minute show.
④He started as an employee and ended up ________ head of the firm.
fleeing
in
with
as
6)start out开始(生活，职业，重要阶段)；出发，启程；起初(是))
(教材原句)However，like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had a lot to learn.
不过，跟所有刚起步的企业家一样，她要学的还有很多。
When the band first started out, they played at small clubs.
这支乐队刚开始时在小俱乐部里表演。
She started out as a model.她一开始是做模特的。
We need to start out/off early because the journey will take six hours.我们需要早点儿出发，因为路上需要6个小时。
I started out to write a short story, but it soon developed into a novel.我起先打算写一篇短篇小说，但很快就写成了长篇小说。
I started off working quite hard, but it didn't last.
我一开始非常勤奋，但没有坚持下去。
start off 开始；起初(是)，最初(是)；启程，动身
start up 创办，组建；启动，发动(引擎)
start with＝begin with 以……开始
to start with＝to begin with 首先；起初,
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We planned to start ________ at dawn, but the sudden rain ruined our plan.
②What started out ________ a part time job soon became a full time occupation.
③The speaker started ________ a description of her journey to China.
④Many businesses started ________ by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
⑤________ (start) your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence.
out/off
as
with
up
Starting
7)(教材原句)It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.直到她从海外大学毕业回国探望父母后，张月才意识到这一潜力。)
[句式解构]　强调句型
构成：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分
(1)该句型常用来强调主语、宾语或状语。
It was this thief that robbed me of my wallet.
就是这个小偷抢了我的钱包。(强调主语)
It was a handkerchief that I picked up at the school gate.
我在学校大门口捡到的是一条手帕。(强调宾语)
It was on a cold morning that he dived into the lake and rescued a drowning child.是在一个寒冷的早晨，他跳入湖中救出了一名溺水儿童。(强调状语)
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？
Was it Tom that/who decided to pass up the opportunity
是汤姆决定放弃这个机会吗？
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who＋其他部分？
Who was it that seized the thief by the hand
是谁抓住了那个小偷的手？
(4)not...until...句型的强调句：It is/was not until...that＋其他部分
It was not until I told him that he knew about it.
直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。
[特别提示]　使用强调句型时需要注意以下几点：
(1)强调句型中的it不能用其他词代替。
(2)用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。
(3)被强调部分指人时，可以用who代替that，其他情况一律用that。
(4)强调句型的判断方法： 去掉it is/was和that/who，适当调整语序，能还原成完整的句子，则为强调句型，否则就不是。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ was when we were returning home that I realised what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
②It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbours.
③It was the old man ________ saved the drowning boy.
It
that
that/who
完成句子
④__________________________________________ (不是我们偶尔做的事情塑造了我们的生活), but what we do consistently.
⑤You are waiting at a wrong place. ____________________________ (是在旅馆) the coach picks up tourists.
It is not what we do once in a while that shapes our lives　
It is at the hotel that
8)（教材原句）They stared back， their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.,他们回望着她，脸上毫无表情，她不知道他们接下来要说什么。
[句式解构]　their blank faces giving no clue是“名词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。
(1)构成：名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)功能：在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随状况等。
Weather permitting, we'll go climbing tomorrow.
天气允许的话，我们明天去爬山。(名词＋现在分词)
Roadworks finished, they went home.
完成道路施工后，他们回家了。(名词＋过去分词)
Lots of work to do, I was in no mood for dancing.
由于有很多工作要做，我没心情跳舞。(名词＋不定式)
He came into the room, his nose red with cold.
他进了房间，鼻子冻得通红。(名词＋形容词)
Our teacher came in, book in hand.
我们的老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。(名词＋介词短语)
[名师点津]　
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同。
②当名词/代词与动词之间是主动关系时，用现在分词形式；当名词/代词与动词之间是被动关系时，用过去分词形式；当表示将来的动作时，用不定式形式。
③可置于句首或句末，多用逗号将其与句子的其他成分隔开。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The party will be held in the garden, weather ________ (permit).
②Bats are surprisingly long lived creatures, some ________ (have) a lifespan of around 20 years.
③The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ________ (finish) for the day.
permitting
having
finished
03.课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When I was in trouble, he offered ________ (指导) to me on my career.
2．A suitable answer has already been put forward by the ________ (女主席).
3．I got there to buy tickets before ________ (黎明) and found this abandoned park with an empty swimming pool.
4．In my judgement, he has the ________ (潜力) to become a champion.
guidance
chairwoman
sunrise
potential
5．She may not have been the clever candidate but she is certainly the most ________ (有创业精神的).
6．The first ________ (阶段) of the project was completed two months ahead of schedule.
7．When you ________ (购买) an item, we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person.
8．Who is in charge of the ________ (分销) of food and clothing to areas in need
enterprising
phase
purchase
distribution
9．The firm recognised Tom's outstanding work by giving him an extra ________ (奖金).
10．Sucre seems to be hurting and Michael appears to be very ________ (头晕目眩的).
11．While dialing the doctor's telephone number, she wiped her ________ (前额) with a handkerchief now and then.
bonus
dizzy
forehead
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As ________ cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares
2．So many plastic bags end up ________ tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts.
3．Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books ________ (purchase) for them.
for/to
in
purchased
4．The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer ________ (look) back on an ambitious yet simpler time.
5．I ________ (consult) with a physician (内科医生), I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and healthy meals.
6．However, the new light feels like ________ than enough for the town's sun starved residents.
7．It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
looking
consulted
more
that
8．She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in which she ________ (distribute) it to children.
9．As the quality to risk taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up________ a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
10．Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started the car, my mind ________ (go) blank.
distributed
with
went
04.课时作业（十三）
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We also must pay attention to maximizing the p________ (潜力) of numerous markets.
2．They are some e________ (有创业精神的) scholars, who are designing software.
3．It's just a p________ (阶段) the shepherd is going through.
4．When I entered the gateway, the girl looked at me with a b________ (无表情的) expression.
potential
enterprising
phase
blank
5．When the Sinologist stood up, he was d________ (头晕目眩). So his wife sent for a doctor.
6．The ceramics p________ (购买) last week went wrong again.
7．I was looking forward to working under the g________ (指导) of a historian.
dizzy
purchased
guidance
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is reported that the prior pine trees have been planted in a very wide ________ (distribute).
2．If the symptoms strengthen , please ________ (consultant) a doctor without delay.
distribution
解析：句意：据报道，先前的松树种植分布广泛。形容词wide修饰名词。
consult
解析：句意：如果症状加重了，请马上咨询医生。本句的主句为祈使句，因此用动词原形。
3．Grandfather and Father, ________ (seat) at the table, are watching the mural.
4．He accepted the shepherd's advice, struggling ________ (overcome) his shortcomings.
seated
解析：句意：祖父和父亲坐在桌子旁，正在看壁画。seat为及物动词，Grandfather and Father与seat之间为被动关系，故填seated。
to overcome
解析：句意：他接受牧羊人的建议，努力克服他的缺点。struggle to do sth.努力做某事。
5．________ (surround) by the clear waters, this peak provides visitors with a wonderful chance to see some endangered birds in the world.
6．Americans boast of ________ (independent), even when they're getting older.
Surrounded
解析：句意：这座山峰被清澈的水所环绕，给游客们提供了一个绝佳的机会去观赏世界上一些濒临灭绝的鸟类。this peak与surround之间为被动关系，因此用过去分词短语作状语。
independence
解析：句意：美国人自夸独立，即使他们年龄渐长也是如此。介词of后应用名词。
7．Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children had no gateway ________ education.
8．He decided to put off ________ (purchase) the new car.
to
解析：句意：在这个贫困地区实施“希望工程”之前，孩子们没有受教育的途径。have gateway to有途径……
purchasing
解析：句意：他决定推迟购买新的小汽车。put off后接动词 ing形式作宾语。
9．We were deeply touched by the scholar's single-minded ________ (devote) to world peace.
10．What the historian has just said isn't in correspondence with the views of the ________ (major).
devotion
解析：句意：这个学者一心一意为世界和平做贡献，这使我们深受感动。single minded为复合形容词，修饰名词。
majority
解析：句意：这位历史学家刚刚所说的和大多数人的观点不一致。定冠词the后跟名词。
Ⅲ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
as to, take a deep breath, row upon row, end up, a world away from, dream of, in the hope of, be willing to, more than, most of all
1．____________， I just felt glorious that it was over.
2．Frank was very uncertain ____________ whether it was the right tune for him.
3．The historian is fond of books，in whose study room there are ____________ of shelves stacked with books.
Most of all
as to
row upon row
4．Nowadays many young people ____________ making a fortune in numerous cities.
5．Now that he ____________ do us a favour, why not turn to him for stratagems
6．It was _________________ the grand chambers she used to live in.
7．You can ____________ running this kingdom if you play your cards right.
dream of
is willing to
a world away from
end up
8．China Daily is ____________ a newspaper. It can strengthen our horizons.
9．Shoppers flocked to the sales of the expo ____________ finding a bargain.
10．After a while, the shepherd ________________ and dived in.
more than
in the hope of
took a deep breath
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Business Blossoms
1.________ (surround) by roses as she was growing up, Zhang Yue paid them little attention. It was only after graduating 2.________ university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.
Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, 3.________ surprised many people. She is not the only young person 4.____________________ (bite) by the start-up bug
Surrounded
from
which
to have been bitten
. All over the world, an increasing number of enterprising young people 5.________ (think) of starting their own businesses，as the growing economy creates more 6.________ (opportunity). A few, like Zhang Yue, find themselves lucky enough to get 7.________ (invest) and the all-important input and support from more experienced business people.
As someone who grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants. However, like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had a lot to learn. She has overcome 8.________ number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today.
are thinking
opportunities
investment
a
9.________ (see) her peers who also dream of success and independence, Zhang has mixed feelings. Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be 10.________ (real) and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
Seeing
realistic
阅读理解
Embroidery (刺绣) is an important art form in Chinese culture. People often embroider handkerchiefs, bed covers, tablecloths and dresses. Shu embroidery is one of the most famous embroidery styles in China. It's known for its strong expression and smooth needlework.
A
The characteristics are greatly influenced by geographical environment, customs and cultures. Called the “Land of Abundance”， Sichuan Province is rich in grain production. The people of this area also enjoy a slow lifestyle. So when embroidering, they are usually patient and willing to spend time pursuing the form's complexity and elegance. This could also be a reason why Shu embroidery was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage in 2006.
Making beautiful Shu embroidery products is never easy.
It requires superb workmanship. Meng Dezhi, 59, was born to a family of embroiderers. She was one of the most talented employees at the Chengdu Shu embroidery factory. Even so, the long and repetitive nature of the process often challenges her. And in winter, when her hands and feet are freezing, things become more difficult. But her love for the work has encouraged Meng to continue. Even for an experienced master like Meng, finishing a piece requires several days or even a few months.
“These experiences may sometimes discourage me, but the love for Shu embroidery always gives me motivation to continue, ” said Meng.
Meng has also popularized the culture of Shu embroidery when the tradition was at risk of declining.
Many cheap products are made by modern machines. In 2005, the factory Meng worked in was forced to close. To make a living and pass along the traditional technique, Meng rented a small space of 10 square meters to teach Shu embroidery skills to the kids and young people.
“In the early days, I set up the company just for survival, but now I really feel that I have the responsibility to pass on Shu embroidery skills to young people. It is like sowing a seed—who knows which of them will become an inheritor (继承人) or guardian of our culture in the future？” she told China Daily.
1．What is special about Shu embroidery
A．It mainly features images of animals.
B．It is complex and delicate in workmanship.
C．It affects local lifestyles in Sichuan Province.
D．It's developed from traditional Chinese paintings.
答案：B　
解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“So when embroidering, they are usually patient and willing to spend time pursuing the form's complexity and elegance.”可知，蜀绣的做工复杂而又精致。故选B。
2．What makes Meng Dezhi stick to embroidering
A．The nature of Shu embroidery.
B．The passion for Shu embroidery.
C．The influence of her family tradition.
D．The profits from Shu embroidery products.
答案：B　
解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“But her love for the work has encouraged Meng to continue.”和第五段中的“but the love for Shu embroidery always gives me motivation to continue”可知，虽然蜀绣制作很不容易，但Meng对蜀绣的热爱让她坚持了下来。故选B。
3．What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Setting up a company for a living.
B．Renting a 10-square-meter space.
C．Making cheap products with modern machines.
D．Teaching Shu embroidery skills to the young generation.
答案：D　
解析：词句猜测题。根据上文“...I really feel that I have the responsibility to pass on Shu embroidery skills to young people.”可知，it所在句句意是“这就像播下一颗种子，谁知道他们中谁会在未来成为我们文化的继承者或守护者？”it在此是指“向年轻人传授蜀绣技艺”。故选D。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Art Made with Modern Machines
B．The History of Shu Embroidery
C．Passing on Needlepoint Perfection
D．A Talented Shu Embroidery Employee
答案：C　
解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述蜀绣的特点和Meng对于此项技艺的传承，C项Passing on Needlepoint Perfection(传承针尖下的完美)形象地体现了文章主旨，故应为最佳标题。故选C。
B
Dressed in a flowing long robe with beaded floral embroidery (珠串刺绣) from the past era, stylist Xiao Hang looks like coming from a time machine, attracting a lot of curious glances and questions.
China has made Western fashion and technology fall together with its high-speed development in recent years. At the same time，the government has also increased the publicity and learning of traditional Chinese culture from the aspects of education, culture, entertainment and so on, which seems to make period dramas and traditional “hanfu” or “Han clothing” become hot overnight
. The Story of Minglan, a TV series set in the Song Dynasty, got more than 400 million viewers in three days when it was released (发行). A growing number of young people like Xiao are looking to the past for their clothing choices and wearing hanfu. These historic costumes of the Han ethnic majority are enjoying a renaissance (复兴).
There is no clear uniform standard of hanfu because each Han-dominated dynasty had its own style, but the outfits are characterized by loose, flowing robes with sleeves that hang down to the knees. In modern China, the hanfu community spread to the different walks of life, from elderly history lovers to young professionals, and even to students.
Jiang Xue, who is from Beijing-based hanfu club Mowutianxia, said，“If we as a people and as a country do not even understand our traditional clothing or don't wear them, how can we talk about other basic parts of our culture？”
Yang Jiaming, a high school student in Beijing, wears his outfit under his school uniform. “Two-thirds of my wardrobe is hanfu, ” he said, dressed in a Tang-style gown and black boots, adding that his classmates and teachers have been backing_up him. They are in agreement with his idea that clothes are the foundation of culture.
There is some way before hanfu can be accepted by most of the people in China. Some say sometimes they will lose heart by the strange looks when wearing hanfu in public.
5．Why did the author describe Xiao Hang's long robe at the beginning
A．To attract the readers' attention to the ancient clothes.
B．To introduce the special design of hanfu.
C．To show the dressing style of Xiao Hang.
D．To give the features of a time machine.
答案：A　
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Dressed in a flowing long robe with beaded floral embroidery from the past era, stylist Xiao Hang looks like coming from a time machine, attracting a lot of curious glances and questions.”可知，作者把长袍描写的很美，故推测作者写肖航的长袍是为了吸引人们对古代服装的注意。
6．What mainly makes hanfu popular
A．Western fashion and technology.
B．People's interest in period dramas.
C．Old people's preference for fine clothes.
D．The government's encouragement of traditional culture.
答案：D　
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the same time, the government has also increased the publicity and learning of traditional Chinese culture from the aspects of education, culture, entertainment and so on, which seems to make period dramas and traditional ‘hanfu’or‘Han clothing’become hot overnight.”可知很大程度上因为政府的宣传使得传统文化再次兴起。
7．What can be learned about hanfu from Paragraph 4
A．Hanfu clubs aim at taking hanfu-style photos.
B．Many people know the clear standard of hanfu.
C．People from hanfu community wear hanfu every day.
D．Hanfu can help understand traditional Chinese culture.
答案：D　
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If we as a people and as a country do not even understand our traditional clothing or don't wear them, how can we talk about other basic parts of our culture？”可推测传统服饰、汉服可以帮助人们更好的理解我们的传统文化。
8．What does the underlined phrase “backing up” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Ignoring. B．Supporting.
C．Discouraging. D．Bearing.
答案：B　
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句和下一句内容可知，穿着唐朝服饰和黑色靴子的杨家明说他的同学和老师一直都支持(backing up)他。他们同意他的想法，即服装是文化的基础。根据句意，尤其是agreement可推测画线部分的意思是“支持”。Section Ⅱ　Using language
要点精研·探究学习
1)discriminate v．不公正地区别对待，歧视)
In this country, it's illegal to discriminate on grounds of race, sex or religion.
在该国，因种族、性别或宗教信仰有所歧视是非法的。
discriminate against sb. 歧视某人
discriminate in favour of sb. 对某人特别优待
sex discrimination 特别歧视
the discrimination against... 对……的歧视
[单词积累]
discrimination n．歧视
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
The ________ (discriminate) against women was the reason for O'connor's being rejected by the law firm.
2)superior adj.质量上乘的，优质的；更好的，更强的；职位更高的)
(教材原句)superior, smooth blend, with mild flavour
质量上乘，混合均匀，味道温和
This kind of refrigerator is technically superior to its competitors.这种冰箱在技术上超过了它的竞争对手。
my superior officer 我的上级军官
be inferior to 比……差
be senior to 比……年长/级别高
be junior to 比……年轻/级别低
be superior to 比……更好，比……更高
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Lang Lang is my favourite pianist. I think he is superior ________ other pianists.
②Generally speaking, females are not junior ________ males in wisdom.
完成句子
③She imagined herself to ________________ (比……好) others and envied by all friends.
④Mary ________________ (比……级别高) me, since she joined the firm before me.
3)subjective adj.主观的)
His work was judged objectively as well as subjectively.
对他的作品有主观的评判，也有客观的评判。
a highly subjective point of view 相当主观的看法
a subjective test 主观测验
subjective information 主观信息
optional subjects 选修课
compulsory subjects 必修课
be subject (adj.) to do sth. 易于做某事
be subject (adj.) to＋n. 须遵守(规则)；须缴纳(罚
款、税收等)
[单词积累]
subject n．话题；科目，课程
vt.使顺从；使隶属　adj.易受……影响的
objective adj.客观的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The evaluation was based on the ________ (subject) judgement of one person.
②Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, ________ (be) subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet.
4)make ends meet 使收支相抵；勉强维持)
(教材原句)You will have to pay bills and handle budgets to make ends meet.
你将不得不支付账单和处理预算来维持收支平衡。
Struggling workers are skipping meals to make ends meet.
苦苦挣扎的工人们为了维持生计而不吃饭。
Many families struggle to make ends meet.
许多家庭只能勉强维持生计。
Changing schools made a big difference to my life.
转学对我的人生有重大影响。
The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.
报告显示，我们正在取得一些进步，但是我们需要做出更大的努力。
After all the delays, we were anxious to make up for lost time.耽搁了这么久，我们急着想弥补失去的时间。
　make an effort 作出努力
make a contribution 作出贡献
make a difference 有作用，有影响
make a living 谋生
make progress 取得进步
make one's way 前往
make sense 有意义，讲得通
make up 编造；构成；和好
make up for 弥补，补偿
make the most of/make full use of 充分利用
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We have come to a point in our life where we should make full use ________ what is left in our senior high.
②The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make ________ living.
完成句子
③Many of their families were struggling to ________________ (维持生计).
④See，your computer has broken down again! It doesn't ________________ (有意义) to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
⑤ Working hard，you'll ______________(取得巨大进步)in softball.
5)keep...in mind把……记在心里，记住……(bear...in mind))
(教材原句)But keep two things in mind：make sure that it doesn't interfere with your studies...
但是要记住两件事：确保它不会干扰你的学习……
Of course，repair work is expensive and you have to keep that in mind.
当然，维修费很贵，你必须记住这一点。
keep/bear in mind that... 记住……(that引导宾语从句)
keep one's mind on... 把注意力集中于……，专心于……
have sb./sth.in mind (对于某一目的)心中已有某人/某事物
make up one's mind 下定决心；做出决定
change one's mind 改变主意
lose one's mind 精神失常；极为担心
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Keeping ________ mind how young she is, I think she does really well.
②Did you have anything ________ mind for Helen's present
③He's made ________ his mind, and nothing you can say will change his opinion on the issue.
完成句子
④It is no use arguing with Bill because he will never ________________ (改变他的想法).
⑤He has ________________________ (下定决心学好英语).
6)go into debt陷入债务中，负债)
(教材原句)Avoid luxuries so that you don't go into debt.
避开奢侈品，这样你就不会负债。
Three years later, he is still paying off his debts.
三年后，他仍在还他的债务。
I'm in his debt for his help.对于他的帮助，我欠他一份人情。
pay off a debt 还债(指动作)
clear one's debt 还清债务
be in debt (to sb.) 欠(某人的)债
be in sb.'s debt 受某人的恩惠；欠某人的人情
get/run/fall into debt 陷入债务之中
be/get out of debt 不欠债
[语境助记]　He was already deeply in debt．他已经负债累累。
Getting out of debt must be placed before buying anything new.
必须先还清债务然后再置办新物品。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I'm heavily ________ debt at the moment, but hope to be ________ of debt when I get paid.
②He managed to clear his ________ (debt) within two years.
7)(教材原句)They have no problem spending a bit more on Good Deal products, believing that their purchasing of these products will help improve local people's welfare.,在物美价廉的产品上多花一点钱对他们来说没问题，因为他们相信自己购买这些产品将有助于改善当地人民的福利。)
[句式解构]　have no problem (in) doing sth.意为“做某事没问题/困难”，doing前的介词in可省略。
与该搭配类似的表达还有have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.或have difficulty/trouble with sth.，此时trouble和difficulty都是不可数名词，其前可以用no，little，some，much等修饰。
I have little difficulty in making friends with youngsters.
我和年轻人交朋友没什么困难。
He had no trouble repairing my TV.
他毫不费力地修好了我的电视。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Even today I still remember the great difficulty I had ________ (learn) English in the village 20 years ago.
②Many foreigners have trouble ________ (adapt) to Chinese food.
识记下列重要知识点,
①convention n．惯例； 常规→conventional adj.传统的，常规的
②mild adj.不浓烈的，淡的→mildly adv.轻微地；温和地
③rational adj.合理的，基于理性的→irrational不合逻辑的
④finance n．财政，金融→financial adj.财政的，金融的
⑤accumulate v．积累，积聚→accumulation n．积累；聚积
⑥automatic adj.自动的→automatically adv.自动地
⑦interfere with妨碍，阻止
⑧associate...with...与……联系
定语从句
语法新知·衔接课堂
一、语法现象感知
①She couldn't, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead, which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio...
②The place where this happens is a valley, a world away from any television studio.
③This is a place where roses grow wild.
④Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many people.
⑤As someone who grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants.
⑥The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience.
⑦For young people who have little life experience, that can be a challenge.
二、语法规则理解
1．①④⑥是____________定语从句。
2．②③⑤⑦句是____________定语从句。
3．①④⑤⑥⑦是关系____________。
4．②③是关系____________。
语法探究·核心突破
一、定语从句的关系词
(一)关系代词
关系代词 用法
who 用于限制性或非限制性定语从句。先行词指人，who在定语从句中作主语、宾语。在限制性定语从句中who可用that代替
whom 用于限制性或非限制性定语从句。先行词指人，whom在定语从句中作宾语。在限制性定语从句中可用who或that代替，但介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom
which 用于限制性或非限制性定语从句。先行词指物或一句话，which在定语从句中作主语、宾语。在限制性定语从句中which可用that代替
that 只用于限制性定语从句。先行词指人或物，that在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。指人时通常可以和who，whom互换，指物时可以和which互换，但关系代词作宾语且介词提到其前面，不用that
whose 用于限制性或非限制性定语从句。先行词指人或物，whose在定语从句中作定语，相当于of whom或of which
as 用于限制性定语从句中，先行词指人或物，as在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用句型：①such(＋名词)＋as...(像……一样的，像……之类的) ②the same＋名词＋as...(和……同样的)
用于非限制性定语从句中，as指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如……，像……”
(二)关系副词
关系副词 用法
when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“表时间的介词(如in, at, on, during等)＋which”
where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)＋which”
why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“表原因的介词(如for)＋which”
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定 语从句 从句和主句的关系十分密切。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。两者之间不用逗号分开。
非限制性 定语从句 从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。
Ne Zha is the best cartoon that I have ever seen.(限制性定语从句)
《哪吒》是我曾经看过的最好的卡通片。
The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.(非限制性定语从句)
我昨天晚上读的那部小说非常有意思。
三、关系代词和关系副词的区别
定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可用以下方法判断：
用法 依据
根据从句的 谓语动词 若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词，则用关系副词
根据关系词在从 句中作的成分 把关系词放进定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；若作状语用关系副词
I visited the village where the famous writer once lived.(作状语)
我参观了这个著名作家以前住过的村庄。
I visited the village which/that is famous for its beautiful scenery.(作主语)
我参观了因美丽的景色而闻名的村庄。
四、介词＋关系代词
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时，用which；先行词指人时，用whom。在这个结构中，介词确定的原则：
1.依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
Tom is the man on whom you can depend.
汤姆是你可以信赖的人。
John introduced to me his friend with whom I was not very familiar.
约翰向我介绍了我不很熟悉的那个朋友。
2．依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
I'll never forget the day on which we climbed the Mountain Tai.
我不会忘记我们爬泰山的那一天。
3．根据所表达的意思来确定。
The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could observe what was happening inside the house.
这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞，透过它他可以观察屋里发生的事情。
4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
He has three daughters，all of whom went abroad for further study.
他有三个女儿，她们都去国外深造了。
(微点拨)　在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用。如(look after， look for)等。
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.（正）
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.（误）
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It's taken a long time to break out of my own ________ (传统的) training.
2．The law does not ________ (歧视) against the poor or in favour of the rich.
3．Streetlights powered by solar energy switch on ________(自动地)at 6：00 pm every day.
4．If you prefer ________ (淡的) flavours，reduce or leave out the chilli.
5．We should not put ________ (主观的) reasons on a par with objective reasons in our analysis.
6．I found out by chance that she was actually a ________ (大学一年级学生) from University of London.
7．If you had not ________ (干扰)，I should have finished my work by now.
8．The company has managed to fulfil and ________ (超出) all the promises it made.
9．They also carry ________ (金融的) reports，travel news and book and film reviews.
10．Snow ________ (积聚) on the ground.Children had fun there.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It will get worse with human ________ (interfere).
2．Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period, ________ (exceed) the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts.
3．Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping ________ mind your beliefs, values and strengths.
4．As we ________ (accumulate) more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones.
5．If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble ________ (answer) these questions.
Ⅲ.用适当的关系代词填空
1．The meeting ________ you have missed yesterday was very important.
2．The boy ________ helped you yesterday is my neigbour.
3．The classroom ________ door is broken will soon be repaired.
4．Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
5．One afternoon ________ I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
6．Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
7．Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
8．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.
Section Ⅱ　Using language
要点精研·探究学习
1．discrimination
2．①to　②to　③be superior to　④is senior to
3．①subjective　②are　
4．①of　②a　③make ends meet　④make sense　⑤make great progress
5．①in　②in　③up　④change his mind　⑤made up his mind to learn English well
6．①in; out　②debts
7．①learning　②adapting
定语从句
语法新知·衔接课堂
二、
1．非限制性　2.限制性　3.代词　4.副词
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．conventional　2.discriminate　3.automatically　4.mild　5.subjective　6.freshman　7.interfered　8.exceed　9.financial　10.accumulated
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．interference　2.exceeding　3.in　4.accumulated　5.answering
Ⅲ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1．that　2.who　3.whose　4.where　5.when　6.where　7.whom　8.which(共79张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
01.要点精研·探究学习
02.语法探究·核心突破
03.课时达标·随堂自测
04.课时作业（十四）
内容
索引
01.要点精研·探究学习
1)discriminate v．不公正地区别对待，歧视)
In this country, it's illegal to discriminate on grounds of race, sex or religion.
在该国，因种族、性别或宗教信仰有所歧视是非法的。
discriminate against sb. 歧视某人
discriminate in favour of sb. 对某人特别优待
sex discrimination 特别歧视
the discrimination against... 对……的歧视
[单词积累]
discrimination n．歧视
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
The ___________ (discriminate) against women was the reason for O'connor's being rejected by the law firm.
discrimination
2)superior adj.质量上乘的，优质的；更好的，更强的；职位更高的)
(教材原句)superior, smooth blend, with mild flavour
质量上乘，混合均匀，味道温和
This kind of refrigerator is technically superior to its competitors.这种冰箱在技术上超过了它的竞争对手。
my superior officer 我的上级军官
be inferior to 比……差
be senior to 比……年长/级别高
be junior to 比……年轻/级别低
be superior to 比……更好，比……更高
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Lang Lang is my favourite pianist. I think he is superior ________ other pianists.
②Generally speaking, females are not junior ________ males in wisdom.
完成句子
③She imagined herself to ________________ (比……好) others and envied by all friends.
④Mary ________________ (比……级别高) me, since she joined the firm before me.
to
to
be superior to
is senior to
3)subjective adj.主观的)
His work was judged objectively as well as subjectively.
对他的作品有主观的评判，也有客观的评判。
a highly subjective point of view 相当主观的看法
a subjective test 主观测验
subjective information 主观信息
optional subjects 选修课
compulsory subjects 必修课
be subject (adj.) to do sth. 易于做某事
be subject (adj.) to＋n. 须遵守(规则)；须缴纳(罚
款、税收等)
[单词积累]
subject n．话题；科目，课程
vt.使顺从；使隶属　adj.易受……影响的
objective adj.客观的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The evaluation was based on the ________ (subject) judgement of one person.
②Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, ________ (be) subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet.
subjective
are
4)make ends meet 使收支相抵；勉强维持)
(教材原句)You will have to pay bills and handle budgets to make ends meet.
你将不得不支付账单和处理预算来维持收支平衡。
Struggling workers are skipping meals to make ends meet.
苦苦挣扎的工人们为了维持生计而不吃饭。
Many families struggle to make ends meet.
许多家庭只能勉强维持生计。
Changing schools made a big difference to my life.
转学对我的人生有重大影响。
The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.
报告显示，我们正在取得一些进步，但是我们需要做出更大的努力。
After all the delays, we were anxious to make up for lost time.耽搁了这么久，我们急着想弥补失去的时间。
　make an effort 作出努力
make a contribution 作出贡献
make a difference 有作用，有影响
make a living 谋生
make progress 取得进步
make one's way 前往
make sense 有意义，讲得通
make up 编造；构成；和好
make up for 弥补，补偿
make the most of/make full use of 充分利用
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We have come to a point in our life where we should make full use ________ what is left in our senior high.
②The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make ________ living.
完成句子
③Many of their families were struggling to ________________ (维持生计).
of
a
make ends meet
④See，your computer has broken down again! It doesn't ________________ (有意义) to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
⑤ Working hard，you'll ______________(取得巨大进步)in softball.
make sense
make great progress
5)keep...in mind把……记在心里，记住……(bear...in mind))
(教材原句)But keep two things in mind：make sure that it doesn't interfere with your studies...
但是要记住两件事：确保它不会干扰你的学习……
Of course，repair work is expensive and you have to keep that in mind.
当然，维修费很贵，你必须记住这一点。
keep/bear in mind that... 记住……(that引导宾语从句)
keep one's mind on... 把注意力集中于……，专心于……
have sb./sth.in mind (对于某一目的)心中已有某人/某事物
make up one's mind 下定决心；做出决定
change one's mind 改变主意
lose one's mind 精神失常；极为担心
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Keeping ________ mind how young she is, I think she does really well.
②Did you have anything ________ mind for Helen's present
③He's made ________ his mind, and nothing you can say will change his opinion on the issue.
完成句子
④It is no use arguing with Bill because he will never ________________ (改变他的想法).
⑤He has __________________________________ (下定决心学好英语).
in
in
up
change his mind
made up his mind to learn English well
6)go into debt陷入债务中，负债)
(教材原句)Avoid luxuries so that you don't go into debt.
避开奢侈品，这样你就不会负债。
Three years later, he is still paying off his debts.
三年后，他仍在还他的债务。
I'm in his debt for his help.对于他的帮助，我欠他一份人情。
pay off a debt 还债(指动作)
clear one's debt 还清债务
be in debt (to sb.) 欠(某人的)债
be in sb.'s debt 受某人的恩惠；欠某人的人情
get/run/fall into debt 陷入债务之中
be/get out of debt 不欠债
[语境助记]　He was already deeply in debt．他已经负债累累。
Getting out of debt must be placed before buying anything new.
必须先还清债务然后再置办新物品。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I'm heavily ________ debt at the moment, but hope to be ________ of debt when I get paid.
②He managed to clear his ________ (debt) within two years.
in
out
debts
7)(教材原句)They have no problem spending a bit more on Good Deal products, believing that their purchasing of these products will help improve local people's welfare.,在物美价廉的产品上多花一点钱对他们来说没问题，因为他们相信自己购买这些产品将有助于改善当地人民的福利。)
[句式解构]　have no problem (in) doing sth.意为“做某事没问题/困难”，doing前的介词in可省略。
与该搭配类似的表达还有have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.或have difficulty/trouble with sth.，此时trouble和difficulty都是不可数名词，其前可以用no，little，some，much等修饰。
I have little difficulty in making friends with youngsters.
我和年轻人交朋友没什么困难。
He had no trouble repairing my TV.
他毫不费力地修好了我的电视。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Even today I still remember the great difficulty I had ________ (learn) English in the village 20 years ago.
②Many foreigners have trouble ________ (adapt) to Chinese food.
learning
adapting
识记下列重要知识点,
①convention n．惯例； 常规→conventional adj.传统的，常规的
②mild adj.不浓烈的，淡的→mildly adv.轻微地；温和地
③rational adj.合理的，基于理性的→irrational不合逻辑的
④finance n．财政，金融→financial adj.财政的，金融的
⑤accumulate v．积累，积聚→accumulation n．积累；聚积
⑥automatic adj.自动的→automatically adv.自动地
⑦interfere with妨碍，阻止
⑧associate...with...与……联系
定语从句
语法新知·衔接课堂
一、语法现象感知
①She couldn't, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead, which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio...
②The place where this happens is a valley, a world away from any television studio.
③This is a place where roses grow wild.
④Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many people.
⑤As someone who grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants.
⑥The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience.
⑦For young people who have little life experience, that can be a challenge.
二、语法规则理解
1．①④⑥是____________定语从句。
2．②③⑤⑦句是____________定语从句。
3．①④⑤⑥⑦是关系____________。
4．②③是关系____________。
非限制性
限制性
代词
副词
02.语法探究·核心突破
一、定语从句的关系词
(一)关系代词
关系代词 用法
who 用于限制性或非限制性定语从句。先行词指人，who在定语从句中作主语、宾语。在限制性定语从句中who可用that代替
whom 用于限制性或非限制性定语从句。先行词指人，whom在定语从句中作宾语。在限制性定语从句中可用who或that代替，但介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom
which 用于限制性或非限制性定语从句。先行词指物或一句话，which在定语从句中作主语、宾语。在限制性定语从句中which可用that代替
that 只用于限制性定语从句。先行词指人或物，that在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。指人时通常可以和who，whom互换，指物时可以和which互换，但关系代词作宾语且介词提到其前面，不用that
whose 用于限制性或非限制性定语从句。先行词指人或物，whose在定语从句中作定语，相当于of whom或of which
as 用于限制性定语从句中，先行词指人或物，as在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用句型：①such(＋名词)＋as...(像……一样的，像……之类的)
②the same＋名词＋as...(和……同样的)
用于非限制性定语从句中，as指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如……，像……”
(二)关系副词
关系副词 用法
when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“表时间的介词(如in, at, on, during等)＋which”
where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)＋which”
why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“表原因的介词(如for)＋which”
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
Ne Zha is the best cartoon that I have ever seen.(限制性定语从句)
《哪吒》是我曾经看过的最好的卡通片。
The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.(非限制性定语从句)我昨天晚上读的那部小说非常有意思。
限制性定 语从句 从句和主句的关系十分密切。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。两者之间不用逗号分开。
非限制性 定语从句 从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。
三、关系代词和关系副词的区别
定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可用以下方法判断：
用法 依据
根据从句的 谓语动词 若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词，则用关系副词
根据关系词在从 句中作的成分 把关系词放进定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；若作状语用关系副词
I visited the village where the famous writer once lived.(作状语)
我参观了这个著名作家以前住过的村庄。
I visited the village which/that is famous for its beautiful scenery.(作主语)
我参观了因美丽的景色而闻名的村庄。
四、介词＋关系代词
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时，用which；先行词指人时，用whom。在这个结构中，介词确定的原则：
1.依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
Tom is the man on whom you can depend.
汤姆是你可以信赖的人。
John introduced to me his friend with whom I was not very familiar.
约翰向我介绍了我不很熟悉的那个朋友。
2．依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
I'll never forget the day on which we climbed the Mountain Tai.
我不会忘记我们爬泰山的那一天。
3．根据所表达的意思来确定。
The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could observe what was happening inside the house.
这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞，透过它他可以观察屋里发生的事情。
4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
He has three daughters，all of whom went abroad for further study.
他有三个女儿，她们都去国外深造了。
(微点拨)　在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用。如(look after， look for)等。
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.（正）
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.（误）
03.课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It's taken a long time to break out of my own ________ (传统的) training.
2．The law does not ________ (歧视) against the poor or in favour of the rich.
3．Streetlights powered by solar energy switch on ___________(自动地)at 6：00 pm every day.
4．If you prefer ________ (淡的) flavours，reduce or leave out the chilli.
conventional
discriminate
automatically
mild
5．We should not put ________ (主观的) reasons on a par with objective reasons in our analysis.
6．I found out by chance that she was actually a ________ (大学一年级学生) from University of London.
7．If you had not ________ (干扰)，I should have finished my work by now.
subjective
freshman
interfered
8．The company has managed to fulfil and ________ (超出) all the promises it made.
9．They also carry ________ (金融的) reports，travel news and book and film reviews.
10．Snow ________ (积聚) on the ground.Children had fun there.
exceed
financial
accumulated
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It will get worse with human ________ (interfere).
2．Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period, ________ (exceed) the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts.
3．Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping ________ mind your beliefs, values and strengths.
interference
exceeding
in
4．As we ________ (accumulate) more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones.
5．If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble ________ (answer) these questions.
accumulated
answering
Ⅲ.用适当的关系代词填空
1．The meeting ________ you have missed yesterday was very important.
2．The boy ________ helped you yesterday is my neigbour.
3．The classroom ________ door is broken will soon be repaired.
4．Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
5．One afternoon ________ I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
that
who
whose
where
when
6．Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
7．Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
8．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.
where
whom
which
04.课时作业（十四）
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Hong Kong is blessed with the most c___________ (传统的) music oasis in the world.
2．The police have no right to i________ (干预) with a scholar's personal liberty if he obeys the law.
3．In our country，more and more departments show concern for f________ (财务的) planning.
4．As the strike continued，enormous rubbish had a_____________ (积聚) in the street.
conventional
interfere
financial
accumulated
5．Under religious law, it is illegal to d_____________ (歧视) against minorities and women.
6．The factory is located in the west of the kingdom, which produces s________ (质量上乘的) wine.
7．The scholar will go to the e________ (赤道) to do research on climate.
8．Going to institute on her own helped the f________ (一年级学生) quickly make friends with her new schoolmates.
discriminate
superior
equator
freshman
9．To his anger, his son was fined for e________ (超过) the speed coverage.
10．Try to avoid being s________ (主观的) and one-sided when looking at testimony.
exceeding
subjective
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Of the two books, the scholar thinks this one is superior ________ that one.
2．If we interfere ________ nature, enormous problems may arise.
to
解析：这两本书中，这个学者认为这本比那本好。be superior to比……好/强。
with
解析：句意：如果我们干预自然，巨大的问题可能会出现。interfere with妨碍，阻碍。
3．When Mike lost his stratagem, we could barely make ________ (end) meet.
4．The institute was closed because it went ________ debt.
ends　
解析：句意：迈克的策略失败后，我们几乎难以维持生计。make ends meet使收支相抵。
into
解析：句意：这家研究院被关闭了，因为它陷入债务之中。go into debt陷入债务之中，负债。
5．Now that you are grown-up, you should not rely ________ your department.
6．The door to the gateway opened _____________ (automatic) as we approached.
on
解析：句意：你既然长大了，就不应该依靠你的科室了。rely on依靠，依赖。
automatically
解析：句意：我们走近时，出入口的门自动开了。修饰动词opened应用副词形式。
7．Please pay close attention ________ where the genius will go.
to
解析：句意：请密切注意这个天才的动向。pay attention to注意。
1．They were well trained by the shepherds ________ had great experience with caring for these sheep.
2．On the edge of the statue, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark.
who
解析：句意：它们被那些牧羊人训练得很好，他们在照顾这些绵羊方面经验丰富。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的the shepherds，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。
that/which
解析：句意：雕像的边缘有一块在黑暗中发光的布。所填词修饰a piece of cloth，且在从句中作主语，故用that/which。
3．The students benefitting most from institute are those ________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life.
4．We have entered into a glorious age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
who/that
解析：句意：从研究院中获益最多的是那些完全投入到学术生活的学生。 ____are totally engaged in academic life是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在从句中作主语，指人，故填who/that。
when
解析：句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的极好时代。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句且在从句中作状语，先行词是表示时间的名词a glorious age，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。
5．The Sinologist's child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
6．I'm not sure who is more frightened, me or the enormous wolf ________ suddenly appears out of nowhere.
where
解析：句意：那位汉学家的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
which/that
解析：句意：我不清楚谁更害怕，是我还是突然出现的那只巨大的狼。分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语，用which/that。
7．Two of the authors of the institute also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
that/which
解析：句意：这个研究所的两位作者也在2014年发表的一项研究中指出，只需要每天跑步5至10分钟，就能降低心脏病和各种原因导致的过早死亡的风险。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指物的a study，且在从句中作主话，故填关系代词that/which。
8．The scholar finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
that/which
解析：句意：该学者发现，从2005年到2011年，政府启动了一项为农民提供具体的施肥建议的土壤测试项目，化肥使用量下降了770万吨。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指物的a soil testing program且在从句中作主语，故用that/which。
9．She and her family bicycle to the expo, ________ helps them keep fit.
10．Kate, ________ sister I shared a chamber with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
which
解析：句意：她和她的家人骑自行车去博览会，这有助于他们保持身体健康。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前面整个主句的内容，which在从句中作主语。
whose
解析：句意：凯特——在大学时我与她的姐姐同住一个房间——已经去澳大利亚工作了。Kate与sister是所属关系，应用whose引导定语从句。
Ⅳ.七选五
For businesses to develop, every business leader needs to create a workplace that is not only productive, but enjoyable too. Here are some ways to encourage workers to work harder and also keep them happy.
__1__ If you want to keep your workers on track，you'll need to provide a space where they can relax from stressful work for a while. This can be in the form of a game room, or a sofa where workers can leave their desks for a short time to talk with colleagues and relax.
Make them feel valued. __2__ Do not let them feel they are just someone who turns up, gets their work done and leaves at the end of the day. An easy way to do this is to ask for their feedback (反馈) at company meetings.
Give them more responsibilities. Having your workers do the same tasks day in day out is a productivity killer. So provide them with new tasks that allow them to step outside of their comfort zone. __3__
Reward them. Let's face it! Everyone wants some kinds of rewards when working for a company. __4__ You don't necessarily have to increase someone's pay to encourage them—just make sure you provide enough encouragement so that you keep top talent.
Be straightforward. If you let your workers stay in the dark about the things of your business, they'll feel being kept out. __5__ Always be straightforward with your workers and let them know about any trying times the company faces.
A．Listen to their needs.
B．Create a welcoming environment.
C．It can be as simple as a free lunch or a gift card.
D．Set an example to your workers by working hard.
E．In this way they will increasingly believe in their abilities.
F．So keeping open communication is very important for a good team.
G．Encourage workers, making them feel they are important to you.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章作者针对如何鼓励员工更努力地工作，同时让他们保持快乐这一问题，给出了一些方法。
1．答案：B　解析：由下文内容可知，如果你想让你的员工走上正轨，你需要提供一个空间，让他们可以从紧张的工作中放松一会儿。可以是游戏室，也可以是沙发，员工们可以离开办公桌一小会儿，和同事们聊聊天，放松一下。由此可知，这一段主要讲了“创造一个令人愉快的环境”，B选项切题。
2．答案：G　解析：上文“Make them feel valued.”说让他们感到被重视。下文“Do not let them feel they are just someone who turns up, gets their work done and leaves at the end of the day.”说不要让他们觉得他们只是一个出现，完成他们的工作，然后在一天结束时离开的人。该空承上启下，G选项“鼓励员工，让他们觉得他们对你很重要”切题。
3．答案：E　解析：上文“So provide them with new tasks that allow them to step outside of their comfort zone.”说所以给他们提供新的任务，让他们走出自己的舒适区。该空承接上文，E选项“这样，他们就会越来越相信他们的能力”切题。
4．答案：C　解析：上文“Everyone wants some kinds of rewards when working for a company.”说在公司工作时，每个人都想要一些奖励。该空承接上文，C选项“它可以是简单的免费午餐或礼品卡”切题。
5．答案：F　解析：由上文“If you let your workers stay in the dark about the things of your business，they'll feel being kept out.(如果你让你的员工对你的业务一无所知，他们会感到被排除在外)”及下文“Always be straightforward with your workers and let them know about any trying times the company faces.(对员工要直截了当，让他们知道公司面临的任何困难时期)”可知该空承上启下，F选项“所以保持开放的沟通对一个好的团队来说是非常重要的”切题。
完形填空
During my junior year of college, I signed up for a volunteer teaching program in Costa Rica. I taught at a school which was located (位于) within a __1__ and every day birds and butterflies flew throughout our school. It was beautiful. We were __2__ on Costa Rica's school system, the country, the language and how to plan a lesson.
The experience was beneficial to my English writing __3__ when I got back to college, I began writing. I wrote so much that a piece of my writing about that experience was __4__ in Folio's Literary Magazine.
Because of that, I was more __5__ to continue working abroad.
After __6__，I moved to China and worked in schools to teach reading and writing. It was a life-changing __7__ of my life. Culture differences __8__ me and even consumed me in the beginning, but __9__ I fell in love with the people, their schools and their history.
Upon __10__ to my home, I became a teacher in Trenton, New Jersey. The moment I stepped into the classroom, I could empathize (感同身受) with my __11__.
I truly feel volunteering in Costa Rica was where it all __12__ and working in China enriched my teaching life. If I could do anything __13__， it might be volunteering or working abroad more before settling down.
The __14__ I've made through volunteering and working abroad are an English major's dream and I hope that every English major __15__ the chance to study or work abroad.,　
1．A.desert B．sea C．forest D．river
2．A.praised B．educated C．interviewed D．commented
3．A.because B．unless C．although D．if
4．A.exchanged B．read C．rejected D．published
5．A.depressed B．determined C．frightened D．relaxed
6．A.graduation B．requirement C．operation D．ceremony
7．A.shelter B．expectation C．move D．conflict
8．A.confused B．amused C．comforted D．excited
9．A.easily B．gradually C．strangely D．usually
10．A.belonging B．pointing C．returning D．referring
11．A.volunteers B．classmates C．colleagues D．students
12．A.replied B．disappeared C．escaped D．started
13．A.correctly B．sincerely C．differently D．strictly
14．A.excuses B．discoveries C．preparations D．decisions
15．A.jumps at B．stands for C．turns down D．speaks out
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在哥斯达黎加参加的志愿者活动以及旅居在国外的经历成为作者回国后成为老师时宝贵的经验，作者也希望更多英语专业的学生能够抓住在国外学习或工作的机会。
1．答案：C　解析：根据“every day birds and butterflies flew throughout our school”可知，因为学校附近有蝴蝶和鸟类飞过，由此判断作者的学校应该是在森林里。故选C。
2．答案：B　解析：根据上文“I signed up for a volunteer teaching program in Costa Rica”可知，作者参加了一项志愿者教学活动，因此应该是在学校里接受相关的教育。故选B。
3．答案：A　解析：作者参加的教育培训活动与作者在大学时的写作经验之间存在因果关系，因此需要选择表示因果关系的连词。故选A。
4．答案：D　解析：reject排斥，抵制。根据“FoLio's Literary Magazine”可知，作者写的文章应该是发表在杂志上。故选D。
5．答案：B　解析：depressed消沉的。作者将自己在国外学习和工作的经验写成了文章发表在杂志上是对自己的一种鼓励，因此坚定了自己继续在国外工作的决心。be determined to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”。故选B。
6．答案：A　解析：前文讲述了作者在大学期间参加的志愿者教学活动，后文讲述了作者在中国工作的情况，由此判断是在作者大学毕业后。故选A。
7．答案：C　解析：conflict冲突，争端。根据下文“I truly feel volunteering in Costa Rica was where it all ________ and working in China enriched my teaching life.”可知，毕业后，作者搬到中国，在学校教阅读和写作，这是一个改变人生的举动。故选C。
8．答案：A　解析：根据“Culture differences”可知，作者是旅居在中国的外国人，因此肯定会产生文化上的差异，而这种差异会使人产生困惑。故选A。
9．答案：B　解析：根据下文“I fell in love with the people，their schools and their history”可知，文化上的差异需要不断学习和融合才能消除，由此判断作者应是逐渐地接受了文化上的差异。故选B。
10．答案：C　解析：前文提到作者旅居中国，后文提到了作者在Trenton, New Jersey成为一名老师，由此判断作者返回了自己的祖国。故选C。
11．答案：D　解析：根据上文“I became a teacher in Trenton, New Jersey”可知，作者成为一名老师，因此在教室内面对的应该是自己的学生。故选D。
12．答案：D　解析：根据上文“I signed up for a volunteer teaching program in Costa Rica”可知，作者在大学时参加了在哥斯达黎加的志愿者教学活动，使得作者想要成为一名老师，由此判断这是作者成为老师的起点。故选D。
13．答案：C　解析：作者所经历的事情都给她带来了不同的经验和感受，所以作者认为如果有不同的选择，她会在安定下来之前更多地参加志愿者活动和在国外工作。故选C。
14．答案：B　作者参加志愿者活动和在国外工作带给作者不同的感受和发现。故选B。
15．答案：A　jump at欣然接受；speak out畅所欲言，大声讲。根据“I hope”和“the chance to study or work abroad”可知，作者希望每一个英语专业的学生都能抓住出国学习或工作的机会。故选A。(共117张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
01.课前预习·自主学习
02.要点精研·探究学习
03.课时达标·随堂自测
04.课时作业（十五）
内容
索引
01.课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．equator n. ____________
2．estate n. ____________
3．superior adj. ____________
4．calorie n. ____________
5．freshman n. ____________
赤道
庄园
质量上乘的，优质的
卡(路里)
(高中或大学的)一年级学生
6．afloat adj. ____________
7．interfere v. ____________
8．rational adj. ____________
9．toddler n. ____________
10．hire v. ____________
经济上周转得开的；不欠债的
介入；干涉
(想法、决定等)合理的，基于理性的
学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩
(短期的)租用，租借
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．________ v．超过，超出→excessive adj.过分的；过度的
2．________ adj.财政的，金融的；财务的→finance n．金融；财政
3．________ v．积累，积聚→accumulation n．积累，积聚
4．automatic adj.自动的→____________ adv.自动地
5．________ n．令人悲伤的事，不幸→sorrowful adj.悲伤的
6．frustrate v．使懊恼；使沮丧→________ n．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
7．supervise v．监督；管理→________ n．监督；管理
8．________ n．费用，花费→expensive adj.贵的；昂贵的→expend v．花费
exceed
financial
accumulate
automatically
sorrow
frustration
supervision
expense
Ⅲ.短语互译
1．________________ 使收支相抵
2．________________ 妨碍，阻止
3．________________ 陷入债务之中，负债
4．________________ 对……有好处
5．________________ at the expense of
6．________________ with the development of
7．________________ what's more
8．________________ be relevant to
make ends meet
interfere with
go into debt
be beneficial to
以损害……为代价
随着……的发展
而且
与……有关
预习验收·衔接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．All the planets orbit the Sun in roughly the same plane (平面), round its ________(赤道).
2．As we all know, ________(优质的) goods sell well.
3．It has a lot of nutrition, but the ________(卡路里) is low.
4．Everyone's opinion is bound to be ________ (主观的).
5．This is my first year of college. I'm a ________ (新生).
equator
superior
calorie
subjective
freshman
6．The police are very unwilling to ________ (干涉) in family problems.
7．His achievements have ________(超过) expectations.
8．There is no ________ (合理的) explanation for his actions.
interfere
exceeded
rational
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is simpler and quicker to use than ___________ (convention) methods.
2．Eventually, he came face to face with ___________ (discriminate) again.
3．“I think you've made a mistake，” he said ________ (mild).
4．The country has no access to foreign loans or ________ (finance) aid.
5．The new worker needs an _____________ (accumulate) of experience and knowledge.
conventional
discrimination
mildly
financial
accumulation
6．The machine is _____________ (automatic) controlled.
7．His father's face looked suddenly soft and ________ (sorrow).
8．I was close to tears with ________ (frustrate), but I held back.
automatically
sorrowful
frustration
Ⅲ.短语填空
rely on, go into debt, take on, take off, cut down on, take advantage of, prevent...from, be relevant to, rather than
1．After 2000, the farm began to ________________ a new look.
2．His business will ________________ because he is experienced.
3．Further treatment will ________ cancer ________ developing.
4．To buy a house or a car, one usually has to ________________．
take on
take off
prevent
from
go into debt
5．We ________________ your financial support because we are in trouble.
6．You may wish to ________________ our instructional session.
7．He ________________ coffee and cigarettes, and ate a balanced diet.
8．Any person who ________________ the accident was questioned.
9．The zoo needed better management ________________ more money.
rely on
take advantage of
cut down on
was relevant to
rather than
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．无论人们是租或者出租一个房子，他们都可以把他们的信息发布到网上。
________________________ a house, they can post their information on the Internet.
2．碳在氧或空气中燃烧，因而形成了二氧化碳。
Carbon burns in oxygen or air, ________________________ carbon dioxide.
Whether people hire or rent out
thereby forming
3．我们在学校做运动时都穿运动鞋。
We wear sports shoes when ________________________ at school.
4．他们将要做什么还没有决定下来。
________________________ hasn't been decided.
5．事实是我们不知道如何解决这个问题。
The fact is that we have no idea ________________________．
doing physical exercise
What they will do
how to solve the problem
阅读研析·合作学习
　　　Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
sharing
benefits
drawbacks
future
Ⅱ.文本剖析：细节探究
Choose the best answer.
1．What is the topic of the passage
A．The sharing economy.
B．The popularity of the sharing economy.
C．The advantages of the sharing economy.
D．The disadvantages of the sharing economy.
A
2．What is the author's attitude towards the sharing economy
A．Critical.　　　　　　 B．Optimistic.
C．Pessimistic. D．Objective.
D
3．What is the purpose of the 1st paragraph
A．To introduce the topic.
B. To inform us of the concept of the sharing economy.
C．To call on us to share things with others.
D．To arouse the readers' interest in the sharing economy.
A
4．Which one is the disadvantage of the sharing economy
A．It can reduce waste.
B．It can reduce our demand for goods of high quality.
C．It can lead to information being revealed.
D．It can benefit our environment.
C
5．What can't we infer from the passage
A．Sharing is of benefit to establishing positive emotional bonding.
B．There are many kinds of sharing.
C．Our increasing demand for quality goods and services contributes to sharing economy.
D．The future of the sharing economy must be bright.
D
Ⅲ.重点句式补全
1．无论我们是出借方还是借方，这都是一个双赢的局面。
________ we're a lender ________ a borrower, it's a win-win situation.
2．而且，分享能鼓励我们重复使用物品，从而减少了浪费。
What's more, sharing encourages us to reuse items, ________________________．
3．……另一些人则发现自己在拼车时遭遇了盗窃或袭击。
．..others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while ____________________．
Whether
or
thereby cutting down on waste
sharing rides
4．然而，毫无疑问，共享经济与我们的日常生活以及全球经济的关系日益密切。
Nonetheless, ______________ is ______________ the sharing economy is increasingly ________________________ our daily lives as well as to the global economy.
5．它扩张的速度如此之快以至于我们只能想象它在未来将包含什么。
It is expanding at such a rate ________________________________ it will comprise in the future.
what is in no doubt
that
that we can only imagine what
relevant to
原文研读·立体透析
[词汇积累]
①toddler/'t dl /n．学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩
②sorrow/'s r /n．令人悲伤的事，不幸
③set up建立
④emotional adj.情感上的
⑤bond adj.纽带，关系
⑥frustration/fr 'stre ( )n/n.懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
⑦expand vt.扩大，增加
⑧aspect n. 方面，层面
⑨take off成功；起飞；脱下；休假
⑩competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的
hire/ha /v.(短期的)租用，租借
designer clothes名牌服装
rent out出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
win-win situation双赢局面
thereby/ e 'ba /adv.因此，由此
cut down on减少，削减
economic adj.经济上的
regulation n.章程，规章制度
supervision/ su p 'v ( )n/n.监督；管理
take advantage of利用
expense/ k'spens/n.费用，花费
at the expense of以损害……为代价
established adj.已确立的；著名的；公认的
be subject to受……支配；受……影响
abuse / 'bju s/n．滥用
property n．所有物；财产
whilst conj.同时
rent out出租
secure adj.安全的；牢靠的
preference n.喜爱；偏好
leak vt. & n．泄露
awareness n．意识
nonetheless adv.尽管如此
be relevant to与……相关
comprise vt.包括；包含
[教材原文]
What's mine is yours.
We've been told since we were toddlers① that “It's good to share”. Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys, snacks, books, happy memories, and sometimes even sorrows② with others. When we grow up, we share photos, life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don't know via social media. Taking_it_as_an_object_of_study,_psychologists_have_published_various_papers_stating_that_the_behaviour_of_sharing_is_beneficial_to_setting_up③positive_emotional④_bonding⑤[1].
[1]Taking it as...是现在分词短语作状语。stating that... bonding是现在分词作定语，其中that引导宾语从句。
Today, the action of sharing takes on extra meaning. It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration⑥； it has expanded⑦ to almost every aspect⑧ of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing. We_are_using_technology_to_reduce_the_money_that_we_spend_on_goods_and_services,_or_to_make_money_out_of_those_that_we_don't_use_ourselves_all_of_the_time [2]. These vary from car shares to home shares, and even to pet shares. The sharing economy is taking off⑨ in all sorts of areas. It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when_and_where_they_want_them [3].
[2]money后是that引导的定语从句，money是先行词。those后是that引导的定语从句。
[3]when and where they want them是状语从句。
This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive⑩ prices, all delivered at the click of a button. Whether_it's_an_online_shop_where_we_can_hire _designer_clothes _at_rock-bottom_prices,_or_a_platform_from_which_we_can_rent_out _our_flats_for_a_couple_of_days,_it's_out_there [4]. Whether we're a lender or a borrower, it's a win-win situation ；
everyone makes or saves money. We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends. What's more, sharing encourages us to reuse items, thereby cutting down on waste. And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road.
But the sharing economy is not without its problems. As_is_often_the_case_all_over_the_world_with_new_areas_of_economic _activity[5], the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision . Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market, often at the expense of more traditional and established companies. In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust.
Some people have experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes, and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while_sharing_rides[6]. Finally, personal data, the heart of the sharing economy, is not yet secure . Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives, including our names, locations, bank information, and individual preferences for goods and services. Yet, the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement, and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users.
[5]As is often the case“事实情况就是如此”，为非限制性定语从句。
[6]while sharing rides是状语从句的省略形式。
Nonetheless ，_what_is_in_no_doubt_is_that_the_sharing_economy_is_increasingly_relevant_to _our_daily_lives_as_well_as_to_the_global_economy[7]. It_is_expanding_at_such_a_rate_that_we_can_only_imagine_what_it_will_comprise _in_the_future[8]. What will we be sharing next Who will be sharing and how And the most interesting question of all—what type of society will all this sharing take us to
[7]what is...为主语从句，is后that引导的是表语从句。
[8]at后是such... that...句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，其中imagine后是what引导的宾语从句。
[课文译文]
我的即是你的。
我们还是蹒跚学步的孩童时就被教导“分享是一种美德”。家长和老师不断地提醒我们要和别人分享玩具、零食、书籍、快乐的回忆，有时甚至是悲伤。当我们长大后，我们通过社交媒体与周围的人和那些我们不认识的人分享照片、生活故事和观点。心理学家对此进行了深入研究，发表了许多论文，指出分享行为有利于建立积极的情感联系。
今天，分享行为有了额外的意义。这不仅仅是分享甜蜜或沮丧；它已经扩展到我们生活的几乎每个方面——整个世界似乎都在分享。我们使用技术来减少我们在商品和服务上的花费，或者从那些我们自己不经常使用的东西中赚钱。分享的东西从共享汽车到分享住房，甚至分享宠物。共享经济正在各个领域蓬勃发展。它正在创造新的思维方式，并在人们需要的时候和地方为他们提供服务。
各种各样的分享方式是对我们不断增长的对于价廉物美的商品和服务的需求的回应，点击按钮就能实现这一切。无论是一家我们可以用最低价来租赁名牌服装的网店，还是一个我们可以出租几天公寓的平台，都在这里。无论我们是出借方还是借方，这都是一个双赢的局面；每个人都能赚钱或省钱。我们之间也建立了相互的联系，有时甚至可以结交新朋友。而且，分享能鼓励我们重复使用物品，从而减少了浪费。共享单车和共享汽车的问世使得道路上污染车辆的数量减少，进一步有利于环境。
但共享经济并非没有问题。和世界上新出现的经济领域的活动一样，现有的法规和监督机制跟不上共享经济的发展速度。一些公司在这种情况下利用不当的方法来扩大自己的市场份额，这些往往以牺牲更传统和著名公司的利益为代价。此外，共享经济遭遇了信任滥用的危机。一些人在出租房屋时遭遇了财产损失，另一些人则发现自己在拼车时遭遇了盗窃或袭击。最后，个人数据，作为共享经济的核心，但还不是很安全。共享平台收集了我们生活中几乎所有方面的个人信息，包括我们的姓名、住址、银行信息以及个人对商品和服务的偏好。然而，防止此类信息泄露或被盗的技术仍需要改进，服务提供商和用户对潜在风险的认识不足。
然而，毫无疑问，共享经济与我们的日常生活以及全球经济的关系日益密切。它扩张的速度如此之快，以至于我们只能想象它在未来将包含什么。接下来我们将分享什么？谁将分享，如何分享？最有趣的问题是，这些分享将带我们去什么样的社会？
02.要点精研·探究学习
1)sorrow n．[C]令人悲伤的事，不幸；[U]悲伤；悲痛)
(教材原句)．..and sometimes even sorrows with others.
……有时甚至与他人分离悲伤。
The sorrows of her earlier years gave way to joy in later life.
她早年的不幸被晚年的快乐所取代。
To his sorrow, they were unwilling to cooperate with him.
令他悲伤的是，他们不愿与他合作。
Words cannot express my sorrow.
语言不能表达我的悲伤。
Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.
舞蹈表达爱与恨，欢乐与悲伤，生与死，以及介于两者之间的一切。
share one's joys and sorrows 与某人同甘共苦
to one's sorrow 令某人悲伤的是
express one's sorrow 表达某人的悲伤
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and ________ (sorrow) of the common people are his themes.
②________ his sorrow, his grandma passed away last night.
③The sorrow she felt ________ the death of her husband was almost too much to bear.
sorrows
To
at
完成句子
④Jack is my true friend who ________________________ (与我同甘共苦).
shares my joys and sorrows
2)frustration n．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧　frustrate vt.使沮丧　frustrating adj.令人沮丧的　frustrated adj.沮丧的)
(教材原句)It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration...
不仅仅是分享糖果或挫折……
I could sense his frustration at not being able to help.
我可以感觉到他因无力帮忙而沮丧。
I was practically screaming with frustration.
我懊恼得几乎要大叫起来。
It's frustrating to have to wait so long.
要等这么长时间，真令人懊恼。
I have times when I feel frustrated and wish I could get away, to anywhere, just have a look of scenery for a minute!
我有时会感到沮丧，希望我能离开，去任何地方，只需看一眼风景就好了！
a sense of frustration 挫败感
feel frustrated at/with 对……感到沮丧/懊恼
[联想拓展]　很多表示情绪变化的及物动词有两种形容词形式：
-ing形容词 -ed形容词
意义 令人……的 感到……的
用法 常说事物的性质 常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等
举例 amazing　exciting　interesting　surprising amazed　excited　interested　surprised
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①There is a sense of ________ (frustrate) among the players.
②Learning a foreign language can be very ________ (frustrate), but it pays off.
③The boy felt ________ (frustrate) because he didn't get permission from his parents.
④It ________ (frustrate) me that I'm not able to put any of my ideas into practice.
⑤Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very ________ (frustrate).
frustration
frustrating
frustrated
frustrates
frustrated
3)hire v．(短期的)租用，租借；(短期)雇用；聘任)
(教材原句)Whether it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices...
无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店……
The company hires out machinery by the day.
公司按日计费出租机械设备。
We hired a public relations consultant to help improve our image.我们聘请了一位公共关系顾问来帮助提升我们的形象。
hire sth. out 出租某物
hire oneself out (去为别人)打工；受雇
hire sb. to do sth. 聘请某人做某事
hire a car/room/video 租汽车/房间/录像带
[比较辨析]　hire：短期、临时或一次性“雇用，租用”，宾语是人或物。
hire a boat租一条船
employ：长时间“雇用”，宾语多是人。
employ a security officer雇用安全员
rent：长时间“出租；租用”，宾语是房屋、土地等。
rent a house from sb. 租某人的房子　rent out出租
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Poor families don't have enough money ________ (hire) good lawyers.
②How much do you charge for hiring ________ a bicycle for a week
③He's decided to go freelance and hire himself ________ as a technical writer.
to hire
out
out
4)expense n．费用，花费
(教材原句)．..often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.
……其代价往往是牺牲更为传统和成熟的公司。
We are bound to cut down on our expenses.
我们必须削减开支。
He finished the job at the expense of his health.
他以健康为代价完成了这项工作。
I published a book at my own expense.我自费出版了一本书。
The garden was transformed at great expense.
花园改建花了一大笔费用。
at the expense of 以损害……为代价
at one's expense 由某人付钱
spare no expense (in doing sth.) 不惜一切代价(做某事)
at great/vast expense 以巨大的代价
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ________ (expense).
②If it should break down within the first year, we would repair it ________ our expense.
expenses
at
完成句子
③有些大学生被指责不惜费用享受奢华。
Some college students were accused of __________________________________________ luxury.
sparing no expense in enjoying
5)abuse v. & n．滥用，虐待；辱骂)
(教材原句)In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust.此外，共享经济还受制于信任的滥用。
What she did was an abuse of her position as a manager.
她的所作所为是对经理职权的滥用。
You are certainly at risk if you are addicted to cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking or drug abuse.
如果你沉迷于吸烟、饮酒或吸毒，那你肯定处境危险。
He abused his power to help his family and was put into prison eventually.他滥用职权帮助家人，最终被关进了监狱。
alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/吸毒
an abuse of power/ones's position 职权滥用
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Under such circumstances, they are likely ________ (abuse) their power.
②The president of our institute was accused of ________ (abuse) his power.
to abuse
abusing
完成句子
③His political reputation was ruined by his ________________ (滥用职权).
④To our sorrow, it was ________________ (酗酒) that ruined his fitness and his life.
abuse of power
alcohol abuse
6)take off突然开始成功；脱下(衣服)；(飞机)起飞；休假)
(教材原句)The sharing economy is taking off in all sorts of areas.
共享经济正在各个领域迅速发展。
Her acting career took off after her TV appearance.
她在电视上亮相后，演艺事业迅速发展。
He took off his clothes and got into the shower room.
他脱掉衣服，进入浴室。
The plane took off so smoothly that the passengers could hardly feel it.飞机起飞非常平稳，乘客几乎没有感觉到。
I've decided to take a few days off next week.
我已决定下周休息几天。
[归纳拓展]　take away拿走；使消失
take back收回(说错的话)；退回
take down拿下；写下
take in吸收；欺骗；收留；理解
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take over接管；接任
take out带……出去；提(款)
take up接受；占据；开始从事(新工作)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The sharing economy is taking ________ in all sorts of areas.
②Because of the heavy fog, the plane couldn't take ________ on time.
③It is reported that he will take ________ the company next year.
④Don't be taken ________ by his words—he is a cheat.
⑤After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane took ________ her job as a doctor in the countryside.
off
off
over
in
up
7)a response to对……的回应)
(教材原句)This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand...
大量的共享方式是对这种不断增长的需求的回应……
I received an encouraging response to my advertisement.
我的广告宣传有了令人鼓舞的回应。
The product was developed in response to customer demand.
这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。
Carl made no response and carried on with his work.
卡尔没有回答，继续他的工作。
How did they respond to the news
他们对这则消息有什么反应？
in response to 作为……的回应
make a response 作出回应
make no response 没有作出回应
respond to 回答，回复；对……作出反应
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Not everyone acts the same ________ response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
②The patient has responded ________ the treatment rather better than expected.
完成句子
③These comments came ________________________ (作为……的回应) specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
④He ____________________________ (对……没有回复) my letter.
in
to
in response to
made no response to/didn't respond to
8)do a further favour再帮个忙；进一步帮助)
(教材原句)And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment...
而且自行车和汽车共享等设施进一步有利于环境……
The current economy does a further favour for the development of small businesses.
当前的经济状况对小企业的发展有进一步的帮助。
Could you do me a favour and tell Kelly I can't make it
你帮个忙告诉凯莉说我来不了好吗？
I'm in favour of providing the homeless with food and drinking water.
我支持向无家可归者提供食物和饮用水。
The new rules should actually work in your favour.
新规定实际上应该对你们有利。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Could you do me ________ favour and buy me a single ticket to Beijing
②Are you ________ favour of his opinion that the position of drivers will disappear
完成句子
③Could you ________________________ (帮我一个忙) and pick up Sam from school today
a
in
do me a favour
④—Hey, can I ________________________ (请你帮个忙)
—Sure. What can I do for you
⑤At present, one of the arguments ________________ (支持) the new airport is that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.
ask you a favour
in favour of
9)(教材原句)No need to bring my own tomorrow！明天不用带我自己的了！)
[句式解构]　本句是一个省略句。补充完整为“There is no need to bring my own tomorrow！”。
(1)口语或祈使句中省略主语
Mind your own business！别管闲事！(省略了主语You)
(2)为了避免重复而承前省略
John is a lawyer and his wife (is) a cleaner.
约翰是一名律师，他妻子是一名清洁工。
Let's do the cases. I'll read (the cases) and you'll type (the cases).我们来处理案例吧。我来读，你来打字。
(3)在以if，when，while，though，as，as if等连词引导的从句中，如果从句中主要动词是be，可将主语和动词be一起省略。
If (it is) possible, I will pay a visit to you tomorrow.
如果可能的话，我明天将去拜访你。
The boy looked as if (he were) afraid of nothing.
这男孩看起来好像什么也不怕。
(4)so，nor/neither用来表示“……也一样”时的省略结构
—He is a student.他是一名学生。
—So am I．我也是。
—They haven't been there.他们没有去过那里。
—Neither/Nor have we.我们也没去过。
(5)一些特殊的省略句型
(There is) no doubt that...　　　　毫无疑问……
(It is) no wonder that... 难怪……
(It is a) pity that... 很遗憾……
(Sb. had) better do sth. (某人)最好做某事。
[联想拓展]　There is no reason to do sth.没有理由做某事。
There is no hurry to do sth.不要匆忙做某事。
There is no sense/point in doing sth.做某事没有意义。
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no possibility that...没有可能……
[即学即练]　完成句子(用省略形式)
①—Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
—________________ (我不会忘记的).
②—He is a historian.
—________________ (他妻子也是).
③______________________________ (毫无疑问他会获得一等奖) in the coming English contest.
I won't
So is his wife
No doubt that he will get the first prize
④______________________________ (过马路时), you can't be careful enough.
⑤________________ (如果这样的话), I won't go with you.
While/When crossing the road
If so
03.课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A toddler requires close ________ (监督) and firm control at all times.
2．He expressed his ________ (悲痛) at what the committee had done.
3．Sometimes ________ (沮丧) and anger can boil over into direct and violent action.
4．The shopkeeper ________ (聘用) a few clerks to help him run the store.
supervision
sorrow
frustration
hired
5．I have never been to that city; ________ (因此) I don't know much about it.
6．It is reasonable to assume that the local ________ (经济) will continue to improve.
7．Through observation, I find her ________ (开支) do not correspond to her income.
thereby
economy
expenses
8．The baseball team who lost became a target of ________ (辱骂) of angry fans.
9．I would rather you forgave the poor child's ________ (偷窃行为).
10．The lady with a ________ (钱包) in her hand came to the bank counter.
abuse
theft
purse
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They were required to give quick ________ (response).
2．The next morning he ________ (hire) a boat and set out to find the well-known painter.
3．Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available ________ (rent) at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance.
responses
hired
to rent
4．The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less ________ (expense) but still tasty recipes.
5．I took ________ my T-shirt and dived into the water.
6．This book is about the uses and ________ (abuse) of power.
7．More people will do the work under proper ________ (supervise).
expensive
off
abuses
supervision
04.课时作业（十五）
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is reported that the scholar had been arrested because of his a________ (滥用) of power.
2．As far as I'm concerned, the prior e________ (费用) involved will be shared among us.
3．The company is trying to reduce enormous loss caused by t________ (偷窃).
4．The Sinologist said that his decision to resign was made more in s________ (悲伤) than in anger.
abuse
expense
theft
sorrow
5．At the beginning of the summer vacation, I was h________ (雇用) as a secretary in a big institute.
6. A t________ (学步的儿童) means a very young child who is just learning to walk.
7．The baby needs constant s________ (监督) in the chamber, or it is likely to be in danger.
8．People often feel a sense of f________ (沮丧) that their abilities are not promoted quickly.
hired
toddler
supervision
frustration
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The historian gets ________ (frustrate) when people don't understand what he is trying to say.
2．________ his sorrow, he lost all his scrolls because of his failure in his business.
frustrated
解析：句意：当人们不懂他在努力说的话时，这位历史学家就会很沮丧。此处表示人的感受，应用-ed结尾的形容词。
To
解析：句意：令他悲伤的是，因为生意失败他失去了所有的卷轴。to one's sorrow令某人悲伤的是。
3．It is said that costumes were also made ________ his supervision.
4．He printed the murals ________ his own expense.
5．Regular exercise strengthens the heart, ________ reducing the risk of heart attack.
under
解析：句意：据说服装也是在他监督下被制作的。under sb.'s supervision由某人监督。
at
解析：句意：他自己花钱印了这些壁画。at one's own expense自己支付费用。
thereby
解析：句意：经常锻炼可以增强心脏机能，从而减少心脏病发作的危险。thereby adv.因此，由此。
6．The scholar is unwilling to spend money on ________ (design) clothes, but he has donated a lot of money to the public library.
7．While Tom is good at stratagem，his brother is ________ (absolute) hopeless.
designer
解析：句意：那个学者不愿意花钱买名牌服装，但他为公共图书馆捐了很多钱。designer clothes“名牌服装”。
absolutely
解析：句意：汤姆很擅长谋略，而他的兄弟绝对是无可救药。修饰形容词hopeless应用副词形式。
8．In response ________ this problem, scholars proposed many stratagems and steps.
9．Young people may risk ________ (go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day in the chamber.
to
解析：句意：针对这一问题，学者们提出了很多策略和措施。in response to作为……的回应。
going
解析：句意：年轻人如果每天在房间里暴露于很大声的音乐之中，可能会有失聪的危险。risk doing sth.冒险做某事。
9．Young people may risk ________ (go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day in the chamber.
awareness
解析：句意：这项运动旨在提高公众对被动吸烟的危害的认识。形容词public修饰名词。
Ⅲ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
at the expense of, rent out, kind of, set up, take off, cut down on, be subject to, as is often the case, take advantage of, take on
1．Last summer, we had two weeks off and we decided to ____________ this chance to go on a trip to an oasis.
2．____________， he is ready to help other historians.
3. Helen is ____________ her coat because it is too hot in the chamber.
4．In my opinion, measures should be taken by the kingdom to ____________ various schools and colleges to meet the needs of people.
take advantage of
As is often the case
taking off
set up
5．We must keep in mind that we shouldn't strengthen economy ____________ environment.
6．She is discussing with her husband whether two chambers are ____________ to students.
7．The scholar was ____________ glad he didn't win, which surprised me.
at the expense of
rented out
kind of
8．We are told that the flight ____________ delay because the storm has strengthened.
9．There will be enormous challenges ahead, but I have confidence that I'll ____________ the burden.
10．By getting the design right, you can __________ coverage.
is subject to
take on
cut down on
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
We've been told 1.________ we were toddlers that “It's good to share”. Today，the action of sharing takes 2.________ extra meaning.It 3.__________ (expand) to almost every aspect of our lives.
This wealth of ways of sharing is a 4.________ (respond) to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at 5.________ (compete) prices, all delivered at the click of a button. Whether we're a lender or a borrower, it's a win-win situation; everyone makes or saves money
since
on
has expanded
response
competitive
. We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends. What's more, sharing encourages us to reuse items, thereby 6.________ (cut) down on waste. And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do 7.________ further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road.
But the sharing economy is not without its problems. The sharing economy is developing 8.________ (fast) than existing regulations or ongoing supervision. In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust. Finally, personal data, the heart of the sharing economy, is not yet secure.
cutting
a
faster
Nonetheless, what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is 9.________ (increase) relevant to our daily 10.________ (life) as well as to the global economy. It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the future.
increasingly
lives
Ⅰ.完形填空
Being brave enough, girls are free to explore in their learning and life. The exploration leads to the __1__ of their talents, passions and drawbacks. On Saturday night, we saw one of our students acted so bravely that it took my __2__ away.
One of the lead characters of our show, Blue Stockings, was played by a science teacher, Ben Walker. __3__， Ben broke his nose very badly and couldn't __4__. Ella Jones, a Grade 1 student and part of the cast, who happened to rest on Saturday, was __5__ to play Ben's role.
She had three hours' __6__， playing a role of a man she had never played before, in front of a paying audience. And if she couldn't __7__， she would reduce the impact of the whole play. Not the end of the world, but it would be disappointing for all __8__.
She would have run，but Ella __9__ to the challenge. She said, “I was astonished; __10__，I figured the show must go on and I wanted to help, I wasn't scared until I arrived at the theatre and realized how much there was to __11__. It wasn't just about lines，but it was the stagecraft (舞台表演技巧). I was __12__ about the other actors because I know how __13__ it is to perform a role with someone who isn't as invested, especially if it is an emotional scene.”
When she was asked how the show __14__， Ella said, “It was amazing, and the audience seemed to love the male character I played for the first time.” She added, “Being scared doesn't mean you can't be __15__. Anyway, I made it.”,　
1．A.growth B．change C．discovery D．control
2．A.pain B．faith C．breath D．feel
3．A.Secretly B．Hopefully C．Unsurprisingly D．Unfortunately
4．A.coach B．perform C．survive D．retire
5．A.asked B．forced C．trained D．reminded
6．A.wait B．interval C．training D．judgment
7．A.take it away B．look it up C．make it out D．carry it off
8．A.concerning B．regarding C．concerned D．referred
9．A.faced B．encountered C．arose D．rose
10．A.besides B．therefore C．however D．instead
11．A.put away B．hand in C．work out D．take over
12．A.doubtful B．confident C．curious D．worried
13．A.easy B．tough C．embarrassing D．interesting
14．A.sounded B．improved C．started D．went
15．A.brave B．proud C．calm D．shy
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ben因受伤而不能参加表演，因此由女演员Ella扮演男性角色，尽管有难度，但最终成功了。
1．答案：C　解析：这种探索使她们发现(discovery)自己的才能、激情和弱点。growth成长；change改变；control控制。
2．答案：C　解析：星期六晚上，我们看到我们的一个学生表现得如此勇敢，使我大吃一惊(take my breath away)。根据on Saturday night we saw one of our students acted so bravely可知，作者很惊讶。pain痛苦；faith信仰；breath呼吸；feel感觉。take one's breath away为固定搭配，意为“使某人大吃一惊”。
3．答案：D　解析：不幸的是(unfortunately)，Ben弄伤了自己的鼻子，且伤势严重，不能参加演出。根据空格后的Ben broke his nose very badly and couldn't __4__可知，此处指受伤，不能参加演出，所以非常遗憾。secretly秘密地；hopefully有希望地；unsurprisingly不惊讶地。
4．答案：B　解析：不幸的是，Ben弄伤了自己的鼻子，且伤势严重，不能参加演出(perform)，根据上文One of the lead characters of our show, Blue Stockings, was played by a science teacher可知，此处指不能参加演出。coach教练；survive幸存；retire退休。
5．答案：A　解析：演员Ella Jones是一名一年级的学生，碰巧周六休息，她被要求(ask)扮演Ben的角色。分析上下文可知，Ben弄伤了自己的鼻子，且伤势严重，不能参加演出，所以Ella Jones被要求扮演Ben的角色。force逼迫；train训练；remind提醒，使想起。
6．答案：C　解析：她有三个小时的训练(train)时间，在已经付了钱的观众面前扮演一个她之前从未扮演过的男性角色。根据常识可知，任何的表演在演出之前都要经过训练。故此处指Ella Jones有三个小时的训练时间。wait等待；interval间隔；judgment判断。
7．答案：D　解析：并且如果她不能成功地对付(carry it off)，她就会使整部戏的影响力降低。分析上下文可知，因为Ella Jones是临时救场，如果不能成功地对付过去就会影响整部戏。take it away带走；look it up查找；make it out明白。
8．答案：C　解析：不是世界末日，但对所有相关的(concerned)人来说都是令人失望的。根据she would reduce the impact of the whole play可知，影响整部戏，肯定是对相关的人来说是令人失望的。
9．答案：D　解析：她本来可以逃避，但是她却迎接(rise)挑战。根据下文the audience seemed to love the male character I played可知，Ella Jones没有逃避而是迎接挑战。face面对；encounter遭遇；arise激发。rise to the challenge是固定搭配，意为“迎接挑战”。
10．答案：C　解析：我很惊讶，然而(however)我想节目必须继续下去，所以我想帮忙。根据I was astonished和I figured the show must go on可知，此处表示转折。besides除此之外；therefore因此；instead相反。
11．答案：C　解析：我并不害怕，直到我来到剧院，我才意识到有多少事情要解决(work out)。根据下文It wasn't just about lines，but it was the stagecraft.可知，此处指有许多事情要解决。put away收好；hand in上交；take over接管。
12．答案：D　解析：句意：我很担心(worried)其他演员，因为我知道……根据前文可知这里是替代Ben的角色，因此担心和其他演员的配合。doubtful怀疑的；confident自信的；curious好奇的。
13．答案：B　解析：句意：我很担心其他演员，因为我知道和一个不太投入的人演一个角色有多难(tough)，尤其是在情感戏里。根据it is to perform a role with someone who isn't as invested, especially if it is an emotional scene可知，此处指和一个不太投入的人演一个角色很难，尤是在情感戏里。easy容易的；embarrassing令人尴尬的，interesting令人感兴趣的。
14．答案：D　解析：句意：当被问及演出进展(go)如何时，Ella说“太棒了，观众似乎很喜欢我第一次扮演的男性角色”。sound听起来；improve提高；start开始。
15．答案：A　解析：句意：她补充道“你害怕并不意味着你不能勇敢(brave)”。根据上文可知，Ella挑战临时扮演一个男性角色，她很害怕，但还是勇敢地尝试了，所以说害怕并不意味着你不能勇敢。proud骄傲的；calm冷静的；shy害羞的。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. I'd watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet, comb and car keys. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say: “ Help Daddy clean it, OK？” I'd excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Then I'd proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me, and place it on top of his wallet.
About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad's business wasn't doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn't come home as much as he used to. And when he did come home，it was always late and I'd already be in bed. I started to get mad. Why didn't he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home.
Now 28, I've graduated from college and got a job. Dad's business has also started to get back on track. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me persisted.
Yesterday, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bag into his study. When I turned to leave, he said: “Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb？” I looked at him a while, then took the comb. After cleaning, I passed it back to Dad, He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad has aged. He has wrinkles next to his eyes, yet his smile is still as heart-warming as before, the smile of a father who just wants a good life for his family. Dad carefully placed his comb on top of his wallet. After so many years, I guess some things never change. And for that, I'm glad.
1．What was the author asked to do by the father when young
A．Brushing his comb.
B．Cleaning his toothbrush.
C．Chatting with him in his study.
D．Greeting him at the door.
答案：A　
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Every night，he would smile, hand me the comb and say: ‘Help Daddy clean it, OK？’ I'd excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could.”可知，作者的父亲让他帮忙清洗梳子。
2．Why did the father set up his own business
A．He was laid off by his former company.
B．He desired to struggle for a big fortune.
C．He wanted to fulfill a good life for his family.
D．He followed his wife's advice and tried new.
答案：C　
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He has wrinkles next to his eyes, yet his smile is still as heart-warming as before, the smile of a father who just wants a good life for his family.”可推知，父亲要自己创业是想为他的家庭实现美好的生活。
3．What accounted for the uncomfortable silence between the author and the father
A．The father's new business wasn't going so smoothly.
B．The father came home rarely or very late.
C．The tough primary school and little time with the dad.
D．The misunderstanding of the author and less communication between them.
答案：D　
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“I started to get mad. Why didn't he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job Over the years，I stopped waiting for him to come home.”以及第三段中“Now 28, I've graduated from college and got a job. Dad's business has also started to get back on track. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me persisted.”可推知，作者的误解和两人之间的交流变少，造成了他们之间令人不舒适的沉默。
4．Which words can best describe the author's father
A．Generous and humorous.
B．Modest and conventional.
C．Struggling and devoted.
D．Ambitious and strict.
答案：C　
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Dad's business wasn't doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn't come home as much as he used to. And when he did come home，it was always late and I'd already be in bed.”以及最后一段中“My dad has aged. He has wrinkles next to his eyes, yet his smile is still as heart-warming as before, the smile of a father who just wants a good life for his family.”可知，父亲全身心地投入工作，为家人拼搏；因此父亲是拼搏的、奉献的，故选C。

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