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Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
(　　)1.notion A．n.(有特定目的的)短途旅行
(　　)2.excursion B．v.暂停，中止
(　　)3.scream C．n.(飞机上的)全体机组人员
(　　)4.suspend D．n.概念；观点；看法
(　　)5.crew E．v.(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．hazard n．危险；隐患；危险物；危害物→________ adj.危险的，不安全的
2．except prep.除……之外→exception n．例外→exceptional adj.特别的，格外的，优异的，非凡的→________ adj.平常的
3．kindle v．激起，唤起→________ v．重新激起，重新唤起
4．tragedy n．悲剧，惨事；惨案→tragic adj.悲惨的，不幸地→________ adv.悲惨地，不幸地
5．instant n．瞬间，片刻adj.立即的，立刻的→ instantaneous adj.瞬间的，及时的→________ adv.瞬间地
6．________ n．坏影响，阴影→shadowy adj.秘密的，神秘的，藏在阴影中的
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．set foot ________ 踏上
2．become accustomed ________ 习惯于(做)某事
3. make ________ to 成功到达
4．take ________ (飞机、飞船等)起飞
5．tune ________ 收听，收看
6．go into ________ 陷入震惊
7．cast a shadow ________ 给……蒙上阴影
8．call ________ 向……召唤
预习验收·衔接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．________ n. 概念；观点；看法
2．________ adj. 危险的，不安全的
3．________ adj. 平常的
4．________ n. 航天飞机
5．________ n. (有特定目的的)短途旅行
6．________ v. 重新激起，重新唤起
7．________ adv. 悲惨地，不幸地
8．________ adv. 瞬间地
9．________ v. (因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
10．________ v. 暂停，中止
Ⅱ.短语填空
be accustomed to; set foot on; make it to; take off; tune in; call to; cast a shadow on; on board
1．Ladies and gentlemen, please turn off your cellphones and computers. The plane is ________________．
2．His death ________________ us, reminding us that safety was of great importance.
3．Henry ________________ keeping quiet while they are having dinner.
4．To our great sorrow, all the people ______________ were killed, including Kobe and his second daughter.
5．Although I was stuck in the traffic jam, I ________________ the railway station.
6．The news will be broadcast in five minutes. Let's ________________ to watch it.
7．As soon as they ________________ the island, they were greatly impressed with the rare plants.
8．The judgement ________________ his future, so he felt angry and decided to appeal to a higher court.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球以来，人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。
Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people ________________________ the notion of space travel.
2．全世界陷入震惊，大多数人认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样不会有危险。
The world went into shock, ________________________ that this space flight would be ________________ travelling in an aeroplane.
3．“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤我们，并提醒我们，我们必须继续去探寻星球，无论它们看起来有多遥远。
The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, ______________________________．
课文自测·强化理解
Ⅰ.课文解构(挑战创新题)
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that could go wrong.
[句式分析]
句中Millions watched that first lunar landing... sets为“主语＋watch＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，their hearts in their mouths为“名词＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构，后面的aware of...go wrong为形容词短语作状语，在该形容词短语中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词things。
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short, they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration, such as Gagarin, Tereshkova, Armstrong and Yang Liwei.
[句式分析]
本句是由and连接的并列复合句。and前的分句为简单句，and后的分句中although引导让步状语从句，they take their place... Yang Liwei为主句。
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.表格填空
Para. 1 ·1.________ first set foot on the Moon and returned safely on 20 July 1969. ·Since then, people have become accustomed to 2.________． ·Guided by 3.________， all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
Para. 2 ·Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became 4.________ to the public, as innovations succeeded each other. ·On 28 January 1986, 5.________ space shuttle took off with seven astronauts, including a woman teacher, who would give two 15-minute lessons from orbit. ·The world seemed to have lost its 6.________ at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved, but this was going to be no ordinary excursion.
Para. 3 — Para. 5 ·The Challenger exploded in mid-air just over a minute after taking off, and all seven astronauts 7.________ were killed. ·The whole world 8.________． ·Space shuttle flights 9.________ for nearly three years. ·On 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with 10.________．
Para. 6 ·In spite of disasters, we will continue to reach for the universe.
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．Who is the first person in the world to land on the Moon
A．Yang Liwei. B．Neil Armstrong.
C．Tereshkova. D．Gagarin.
2．Why was the excursion of the Challenger special
A．Because a woman teacher would give lessons in space.
B．Because it ended up in failure with all seven astronauts on board died.
C．Because the space shuttle was first used in the American space programme.
D．Because the woman teacher was the first woman astronaut.
3．How did the world feel after the Challenger exploded
A．Frightened. B．Disappointed.
C．Depressed. D．Shocked.
4．What can we learn from the Challenger disaster
A．Full preparations are of great importance to success.
B．The take-off should not be broadcast live.
C．There is a long way to go in space exploration.
D．Spending too much money on space exploration isn't worth.
5．Which of the following caused the space shuttle programme resume
A．The appearance of the space shuttle.
B．The successful launch of Discovery.
C．The real causes of the loss of the Challenger.
D．The rapid development of technology.
Ⅴ.选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息(其中有一项是多余的)
A．the world were shocked
B．the school boy became sad
C．the public thought it was no longer dangerous
D．the public were very nervous
E．the excursion was a special one
F．the space shuttle programme resumed
1．When they tuned in to witness the first landing and return, ________．
2．When the Challenger took off in Florida, ________．
3．When the Challenger exploded in mid-air, ________．
4．Because a woman teacher would give lessons in space, ________．
5．When Discovery was successfully launched, ________．
原文研读·立体透析
[词汇积累]
①set foot on踏上
②become accustomed to习惯于(做)某事
③notion/'n ( )n/n．概念；观点；看法
④aware of意识到，知道
⑤arduous adj.努力的，险峻的
⑥hazardous/'h z d s/ adj.危险的，不安全的
⑦go wrong出错；出故障
⑧less powerful不那么强大
⑨make it成功做成某事
⑩unexceptional/ nik'sep ( )n l/adj.平常的
be replaced by被替换
shuttle/' tl/ n．航天飞机
the space shuttle航天飞机
take off起飞
excursion/ k'sk ( )n/ n．(有特定目的的)短途旅行
tune in收听某电台广播或电视播放
be about to do刚要做某事；正要做某事
rekindle/ri 'k ndl/ v．重新激起，重新唤起
communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in
传达一种兴奋的感觉，重新激发人们对……的兴趣
tragically/'tr d kli/ adv.悲惨地，不幸地
on board在船(火车，飞机)上等
go into shock陷入震惊
instantaneously/ nst n'te ni sli/ adv.瞬间地
shadow/' d / n．坏影响，阴影
cast a shadow on给……蒙上阴影
have much patience doing有很大耐心做某事
wave to向……挥手
little more than仅仅
no more than仅仅
more than比……多；不仅仅
a cloud of一团
scream/skri m/ v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
suspend/s 'spend/ v．暂停，中止
resume n．履历，个人简历；vt. & vi.重新开始，继续
crew/kru / n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员
cut short减少
take one's place就位；有某人的位置
join sb. in加入某人做某事
call to召唤
reach for伸手去够
[教材原文]
The Call of the Challenger
Ever_since_Neil_Armstrong_first_set_foot_on①_the_Moon_back_on_20_July_1969,_people_have_become_accustomed_to②_the_notion③_of_space_travel[1]. Millions_watched_that_first_lunar_landing_on_black_and_white_television_sets,_their_hearts_in_their_mouths,_aware_of④_how_arduous⑤_and_hazardous⑥_an_undertaking_it_was,_and_of_the_many_things_that_could_go_wrong⑦[2]. With Armstrong's now famous words “That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”， what_had_once_been_considered_impossible_had_now_been_achieved[3]. Guided by a computer that was much less powerful⑧ than the ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it⑨ safely back to Earth.
[1]Ever since引导时间状语从句。
[2]their hearts in their mouths是名词＋介词短语构成的独立主格结构。第二个that引导定语从句。
[3]what引导主语从句。
Following_the_Moon_landings,_space_travel_rapidly_became_unexceptional⑩_to_the_public,_as_innovations_succeeded_each_other[4]. By the early 1980s, the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle . When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. But this was going to be no ordinary excursion ， and millions of people tuned in to witness the take-off on TV. It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, an ordinary teacher and mother, was about to become the first civilian in space. She_planned_to_give_two_15-minute_lessons_from_orbit:_the_first_to_demonstrate_the_controls_of_the_spacecraft_and_explain_how_gravity_worked,_and_the_second_to_describe_the_objectives_of_the_Challenger_programme [5]. Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme. With_the_eyes_of_students_across_the_nation_upon_her[6], she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
[4]Following...是现在分词短语作时间状语，as引导时间状语从句。
[5]the first to...和the second to...是代词＋to do构成的独立主格结构。
[6]With...upon her是“with＋宾语＋介词短语”构成的with复合结构。
Tragically ， she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida, and all seven astronauts on board were killed. The_world_went_into_shock ，_most_people_having_assumed_that_this_space_flight_would_be_no_more_dangerous_than_travelling_in_an_aeroplane [7]. How wrong they had been! Instantaneously ， excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people's hearts.
[7]most people having assumed...是“名词＋现在分词的完成形式”构成的独立主格结构。no more＋比较级＋than...“跟……一样不……，不比……更……”。
“I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take-off on TV at school，”said one student. “There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger, and we were all very excited. We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch. We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle. Then, little more than a minute after take-off, we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky, followed_by_a_cloud_of _white_smoke[8]. The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming .”
[8]followed by...是过去分词短语作时间状语。
Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle's components were redesigned. But_there_was_never_any_doubt_that_manned_flights_would_continue[9], and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
[9]there was never any doubt that...“毫无疑问……”， that引导同位语从句。
It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short ， they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration, such as Gagarin, Tereshkova, Armstrong and Yang Liwei. The memory of those seven will live forever, written_in_the_stars,_inspiring_us_to_join_them_in _humanity's_greatest_journey_of_exploration_and_discovery[10]. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, _reminding_us_that_we_must_continue_to_reach_for _the_stars,_no_matter_how_distant_they_might_seem[11].
[10]written..., inspiring...是过去分词和现在分词作状语。
[11]that引导宾语从句，no matter how引导让步状语从句。
[课文译文]
“挑战者”号的呼叫
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球以来，人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。数百万人通过黑白电视观看了首次登月的过程，当时他们的心提到嗓子眼里，意识到这是一项多么艰巨而又危险的事业，以及许多可能会出错的地方。伴随着阿姆斯特朗至今都是很流行的名言：“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，以前看似不可能的事情现在都已经实现了。在一台能力还不如今天的普通学生所使用的电脑的帮助下，参与阿波罗11号任务的三名宇航员全部都安全地返回地球。
继月球着陆后，伴随着创新的相互接替，太空旅行对公众来说很快就变得很普通了。到20世纪80年代初，以前在美国太空计划中使用的大型火箭已经被航天飞机所取代。当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日起飞时，世界似乎对由宇航员参与并取得的惊人成就失去了惊奇。但这将不是一场普通的短途旅行，数以百万计的人在电视上收看了起飞。这很特别，因为37岁的克里斯塔·麦考利夫，一位普通的教师亦是母亲，即将成为太空中的第一位平民。她计划在轨道上上两节15分钟的课：第一节课演示航天器的控制装置，以及解释重力是如何作用的，第二节课是描述挑战者号计划的目标。克里斯塔希望传达一种兴奋的感觉，并重新激发大家对空间计划的兴趣。随着全国各地学生的目光注视着她，她或许已经激发了全新一代的宇航员和太空科学家。
不幸的是，当航天飞机在佛罗里达起飞仅仅一分多钟后爆炸了，她再也没能回到教室，而且还有飞机上的7名宇航员也全部遇难。全世界陷入震惊，大多数人认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样不会有危险。他们完全错了！瞬间，兴奋和乐观变成了恐惧和失败。这是有史以来最具灾难性的航天事故，给人们的心灵蒙上了阴影。
一名学生说：“我很清晰地记得那一天，我们在学校的电视上观看起飞。‘挑战者’号上有一位普通的老师，我们都很兴奋。我们没有多少耐心等待发射。我们看到了宇航员们走进航天飞机时向世界挥手，并面带微笑。然后，起飞仅仅一分钟多一点的时候，我们看到了在天空中有一道奇怪的红橙色的光，紧接着是一团白烟。‘挑战者’号已经在半空中爆炸，我们都开始尖叫。”
在“挑战者”号灾难冲击之后，航天飞机的飞行暂停了几乎三年，在此期间，对灾难的起因进行了调查，并对航天飞机的一些部件进行了重新设计。但毫无疑问，载人飞行将继续下去。随着“发现”号于1988年9月29日的成功发射，航天飞机计划恢复。
“挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了，尽管其机组人员的生命不幸被缩短，但他们却与其他太空探索英雄如加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟一样都有属于自己的位置。我们将永远记住这七个人，他们已被记入星空，并激励我们与他们一起加入人类最伟大的探索和发现之旅中。“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤我们，提醒我们，我们必须继续去探寻星球，无论它们看起来有多遥远。
要点精研·探究学习
1)scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫；高声喊，大声叫　n．尖叫声)
(教材原句)The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming.
“挑战者”号在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。
At the sight of the monster, he stepped backward with legs trembling, screaming with terror.
看到怪物，他双腿颤抖着往后退，害怕地尖叫。
Someone was screaming for help.有人在喊救命。
He screamed out her name.他高声叫喊她的名字。
Hilda let out a scream.希尔达发出了一声尖叫。
scream with/in 因……而尖叫
scream for 为……而叫喊
scream out 高声喊，大声叫
let out a scream 发出一声尖叫
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Through the smoke, the rescuers could hear people ________ (scream) for help.
②Martha used to feel great pain whenever she heard Anna scream ________．
③She screamed ________， “Don't touch me！”
④People ran for the exits, ________ (scream) out in terror.
2)suspend v．暂停，中止；使……暂时停学/停职；悬，挂，吊)
(教材原句)Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years...在令人震惊的“挑战者”号灾难发生后，航天飞机的飞行暂停了近三年……
Production has been suspended for the safety checks are being carried out.
由于正在进行安全检查，生产暂停。
Julie was suspended from her job shortly after that incident.
那个事件发生后不久，朱莉就被停职了。
A lamp was suspended from the ceiling.
一盏吊灯悬在天花板上。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Sales of the drug will ________ (suspend) until more tests are completed.
②Julie was suspended ________ her job shortly after the incident.
③The builders worked on wooden platforms, ________ (suspend) by ropes from the roof of the building.
④These events have led to the ______ (suspend) of talks.
3)crew n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员)
As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management...当我驾驶更大、更快的飞机，在更坏的天气中，我学会了机组资源管理……
film crew 影片摄制组
camera crew 电影摄制组
rescue crew 救护队
[归纳总结]　crew是集体名词，作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式，常用的集体名词有audience/class/family/team/group/crowd。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①There ________ a large audience in the hall and the audience ________ lost in the music.
完成句子
②The plane crashed, ________________________ (造成两名机组和四名乘客死亡).
4)shadow n．坏影响，阴影　v．(在……上)投下阴影)
The second half looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life after Armantrout was diagnosed with cancer in 2006.第二部分讲述了自2006年阿曼特罗特被诊断出癌症后，笼罩在她生活上的黑暗力量。
These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear.这些人多年来一直生活在恐怖的阴影中。
cast a shadow on... 在……上投下一片影子/给……蒙上阴影
cast a shadow on/over their happiness 给他们的幸福蒙上阴影
under/in the shadow of... 在……的阴影中
in shadow 在阴影中/在阴暗处
be shadowed by 被……罩在阴影里
[语境助记]
The children were having fun, chasing each other's shadows．
孩子们追逐着彼此的影子，正玩得开心。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①His face was deep ________ shadow, turning away from her.
②For years, people had been living under ________ shadow of terrorism.
③The events cast ________ shadow over the celebrations.
5)set foot on进入，到达)
(教材原句)Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969...自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆特朗第一次踏上月球以来……
American Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon.
美国人尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成为第一个登上月球的人。
The explorers failed to set foot on the land of Antarctica due to extreme weather.
由于极端天气，探险者未能踏上南极大陆。
She said she would never set foot in that house again.
她说她再也不会踏入那所房子了。
set foot in 踏进
set off for 出发去某地
set off 出发，动身
[语境助记]
I'll set off early to avoid the traffic.
我要早些出发避开交通拥堵。
Verry and I set off on foot for the beach.
我和韦里步行前往沙滩。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①As soon as I ________ (踏上) the magic land, I was deeply impressed with its scenery.
②From the moment you ________ (踏进) this house you've been murmuring—what's wrong？6)become accustomed to习惯于(做)某事)
(教材原句)．..people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.……人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。
However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the lifestyle to which they have so quickly become accustomed.
然而，他们发现自己并没有全身心投入到工作中，而是通过工作来维持他们很快就习惯了的生活方式。
The general is not accustomed to having his order questioned.将军不习惯有人对他的命令提出质疑。
become/get/be accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事(become/get表动作，be表状态)
accustom oneself to sth. 使自己习惯于某事(to是介词)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It'll take time for me to accustom myself ________ the changes.
②She is a person ______ (accustom) to having eight hours' sleep a night.
完成句子
③Teenagers should be banned from smoking, because once their bodies ________________ (习惯于) nicotine, they will be addicted to it.
④The foreigner __________ (不习惯于) the life there and eventually left.
⑤The old man ____________ (习惯于) getting up early every day.
7)tune in 收看，收听)
I happened to tune in to your program that day.
那天我碰巧调到了你的节目。
tune in有时候可以用作不及物动词短语，后面接介词to，表示“收听……；与……协调；了解……”。
tune...to... 把……(收音机、电视频道等)调到……(台)
tune...up 给……(乐器)调音
be tuned in 了解，熟悉(情况、想法等)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He's just not tuned in ________ the child's feelings.
②The company aims to be more ________ (tune) in to customer needs.
8)reach for the stars摘星揽月；探索星球；有崇高的目标)
If you reach for the stars, you ultimately will achieve better results.如果你胸怀大志，你最终会取得更好的成绩。
The child reached out to pick up the kitten.
那个孩子伸出手抱起那只小猫。
She set up her charity to reach out to the thousands of homeless people on the streets.
她创建了慈善团体，向数以千计流落街头的人提供帮助。
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others.邓恩认为，那些主动接触陌生人的人会明显感受到更大的归属感，一种与他人的联系。
reach for 伸手去取
reach out 伸出(手)
reach out to sb. 表示对某人感兴趣，愿意援助某人
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember, you have the strength to reach ________ the stars to change the world.
②He reached ________ the phone and knocked over a glass.
③They need to find new ways of reaching ________ to young people.
9)(教材原句)Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.,自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次踏上月球以来，人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。)
[句式解构]　(ever) since＋一般过去时，主句用现在完成时ever since的用法与since类似，可以作副词、介词和连词。
ever since构成的短语或引导的从句作时间状语时，句子或主句通常用完成时态。
He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing his essay there ever since.
他早饭后去了图书馆，从那时起就一直在那里写文章。
I haven't heard from him ever since he graduated last year.
自去年他毕业以后，我就没有收到过他的信。
[归纳拓展]　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语还有so far, up to now, until/till now, by now, “for＋时间段”等。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ________ (remain) around that level ever since.
②In America the demand for oil ________ (grow) by 22 percent since 1990.
10)(教材原句)When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日起飞时，全世界似乎对宇航员所取得的惊人成就已不再感到惊奇。)
[句式解构]　seem to have done sth.似乎已经做了某事
The young man seemed to have changed much.
这个年轻人似乎变化很大。
Everyone in the picture seems to have put on some weight.
照片中的每个人好像都胖了些。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①看来她已经做完她的作业了。She seems ________ her homework.
②似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。
____________ no one knows what has happened in the park.
11)(教材原句)But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue...,但毫无疑问，载人飞机将继续下去……)
[句式解构]　There is never any doubt that...毫无疑问……(＝There is no doubt that...)
该句式中，that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。
There is some doubt about.../whether... 对……有些疑问
I don't doubt that... 我不怀疑……
I doubt whether/if 我怀疑……
There is never any doubt that China is playing a vital role in the world.毫无疑问，中国在世界上起着极其重要的作用。
There is no doubt that one day a cure for cancer will be found.毫无疑问，总有一天会找到治疗癌症的方法。
There is some doubt whether he will be elected.
他能否当选还不太确定。
We don't doubt that he can do a good job.
我们并不怀疑他能做得很好。
I doubt whether/if that was what he wanted.
我不知道那是不是他想要的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①There is no doubt ________ it is vital for us to deal with e-waste properly.
②He doubted ________ he would learn anything valuable from Marie.
③I don't doubt ________ he can accomplish the task before the deadline.
④There is little doubt in your mind ________ he is innocent, is there
⑤There is some doubt ________ their football team will win the match.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It'll take time for me to ________ (使适应) myself to the notable changes.
2．I have to reject the ________ (看法) that greed can be a good thing.
3．Having no alternative but to surrender to the reality, that ambitious lady couldn't help ________ (尖叫).
4．The ________ (全体机组人员), as well as passengers, were quarantined (隔离) as soon as the plane landed.
5．That project was ________ (中止) for financial crisis and turned out to be a failure.
6．Discrimination between gender casts a ________ (阴影) on the atmosphere of election.
7．________ (不幸的是), that historical event had a negative potential impact on social situation.
8．With your participation, we're confident that we can dispose of the ________ (危险的) waste that they produced.
9．After retirement the man lived an ________ (寻常的) life.
10．The mystery of galaxy has ________ (重新激起) humans' passion about space exploration since the successful launch of Tiangong-1.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Large amounts of money have been used to purchase this ________ (exceptional) product.
2．The immigrants have ________ (accustom) to life in tropical area.
3．To finish the ________ (hazard) task, he practiced again and again.
4．________ (tragic), the adopted child was abused by his stepfather.
5．Frightened by abnormal behaviour of her husband, she rushed out of the room hurriedly, ________ (scream) aloud.
6．While regularly eating out seems to ________ (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost.
7．There is no doubt ________ this candidate's advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
1．D　2.A　3.E　4.B　5.C
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．hazardous　2.unexceptional　3.rekindle　4.tragically　5.instantaneously　6.shadow
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．on　2.to　3.it　4.off　5.in　6.shock　7.on　8.to
预习验收·衔接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．notion　2.hazardous　3.unexceptional　4.shuttle　5.excursion　6.rekindle　7.tragically　8.instantaneously　9.scream　10.suspend
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．taking off　2.called to　3.is accustomed to　4.on board
5．made it to　6. tune in　7.set foot on　8.cast a shadow on
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．have become accustomed to
2．most people having assumed; no more dangerous than
3．no matter how distant they might seem
课文自测·强化理解
Ⅰ.课文解构(挑战创新题)
1．lunar/moon landing　2.Space travel　3.disaster
4．Exploring the universe/Reaching for the stars
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．数百万人通过黑白电视观看了首次登月的过程，当时他们的心提到嗓子眼里，意识到这是一项多么艰巨而又危险的事业，以及许多可能会出错的地方。
2．“挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了，尽管其机组人员的生命不幸被缩短，但他们却与其他太空探索英雄如加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟一样都有属于自己的位置。
Ⅲ.表格填空
1．Neil Armstrong　2.the notion of space travel　3.an ordinary computer　4.unexceptional　5.the Challenger　6.wonder　7.on board　8.went into shock　9.were suspended　10.the successful launch of Discovery
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．B　2.A　3.D　4.C　5.B
Ⅴ.选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息(其中有一项是多余的)
1．D　2.C　3.A　4.E　5.F
要点精研·探究学习
1．①screaming　②out　③out　④screaming
2．①be suspended　②from　③suspended　④suspension
3．①was; were　②killing two of the crew and four passengers
4．①in　②the　③a
5．①set foot on　②set foot in
6．①to　②accustomed　③become/get accustomed to
④wasn't accustomed to　⑤is accustomed to
7．①to　②tuned
8．①for　②for　③out
9．①has remained　②has grown
10．①to have finished　②It seems that
11．①that　②whether/if　③that　④that　⑤whether
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．accustom　2.notion　3.screaming　4.crew　5.suspended
6．shadow　7.Tragically　8.hazardous　9.unexceptional　10.rekindled
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．unexceptional　2.been accustomed　3.hazardous　4.Tragically　5.screaming　6.have become　7.thatSection Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．lifelike adj. ____________
2．telescope n. ____________
3．angle v. ____________
4．galaxy n. ____________
5．cosmic adj. ____________
6．subatomic adj. ____________
7．particle n. ____________
8．straightforward adj. ____________
9．fetch v. ____________
10．muscle n. ____________
11．pepper n. ____________
12．sneeze v. ____________
13．disc n. ____________
14．self-discipline n. ____________
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．simulate v．模仿，模拟→ ________ adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→________ n．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器→simulation n．模拟物
2．________ v．提交，顺从，服从→submission n．提交的文件，呈递材料→submissive adj.服从的；顺从的
3．awe n．敬畏；惊惧→ ________ adj.很好的，了不起的
4．conceive v．想象，设想→conceivable adj.可能的，可想象的→________ adv.可以相信地；可想象地
5．visible adj.看得见的→visibly adv.看得见地→________ adj.看不见的
Ⅲ.短语互译
1．________________ 出发，动身
2．________________ 报名参加
3．________________ 实际上，事实上
4．________________ 计算出
5．________________ be engaged in
6．________________ be composed of
7．________________ look back to/at
8．________________ quest for
预习验收·衔接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The astronauts have been training in the special________ (模拟器) every day for the past half year.
2．Some people criticised the AT presenters for not being ________ (逼真的).
3．Living with the chimps in the jungle was really a(n) ________ (了不起的) experience.
4．My uncle gave me a(n) ________ (望远镜), through which I can observe the stars.
5．For now, China plans to send a Chang'e 5 spacecraft to the moon next year and have it return to Earth with collected ________ (粒子).
6．Don't worry about your father. It is a fairly ________________ (简单的) operation.
7．When you are under stress, your ________ (肌肉) may be tense, especially in your face, neck and shoulders.
8．Henry kept ________ (打喷嚏); he must have got a cold.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Philip ________ (angle) his chair towards the door so that he could see the students passing by.
2．They are ________ (simulate) pearls, so they are very expensive.
3．When she was just 24 years old, Ekeblad ________ (submit) her work to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
4．They have made full preparations, so the mission can ________ (conceivable) be accomplished within a week.
5．Some stars can be seen with the naked eye, while others can be ________ (visible).
6．Could you wait for me for a while , Helen The maths teacher asked me ________________ (fetch) his glasses in the office.
7．Alice looks a little cold. ________ reality, she is friendly to others.
Ⅲ.短语填空
work out, be composed of, look back to, on a regular basis, what's more
1．The Browns help the homeless. ______________， they adopt those abandoned animals.
2．________________my high school, I couldn't help thinking of those hard days.
3．The boy was so clever that he spent only several minutes ________________ the maths question.
4．If you take exercise ________________， you will keep healthy.
5．The band ________________ four boys, all of whom are very handsome and talented.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．离地球的距离如此之远，以至于它需要旅行近六年才能到达目的地。
________________from Earth that it would need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination.
2．难怪这么多人喜欢用社交媒体向它道别，说：“再见，亲爱的‘卡西尼’！我们永远不会忘记你！”
________________ so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye, saying, “Farewell, dear Cassini! We shall never forget you！”
3．例如，在中国考古遗址三星堆发现的古蜀国神秘的大眼睛青铜像，据认为已经能够隔着很远的距离看到星星。
For example, the mysterious large-eyed，bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, ________________ to look across great distances into the stars.
4．不久以后，人们了解到太阳只是我们称之为银河系的数十亿个星系中的一颗恒星。
Soon, ________________ the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
Para.1：Ancient people's (1) ________ of the night sky.
Paras.2—4：The exploration of the night sky.
Para.2：The influence the first(2)________ had on the night sky.
Para.3：The influence the Hubble Space Telescope had on the night sky.
Para.4：The influence the “Eyes of Heaven” had on the night sky.
Para.5：Much of the universe remains (3) ________.
Ⅱ.文本剖析：细节探究
Choose the best answer.
1.How did people create a world in the sky
A．By their naked eyes.
B．By telescope.
C．By their imagination.
D．By passing from mouth to mouth.
2．How does the author organize the passage
A．By the order of time.
B．By the order of space.
C．By giving examples.
D．By listing numbers.
3．What can be learned from Paragraph 2
A．The Sun is the only star in the Milky Way.
B．The Milky Way is much larger than the universe.
C．The universe is a vast ocean.
D．The universe is enormous.
4．What is the FAST telescope mainly used for
A．Searching for the dark matter.
B．Searching for the aliens.
C．Searching for more unknown stars.
D．Searching for black holes.
5．Why is the “Eyes of Heaven” referred to in the Paragraph 4
A．To compare the technology between our country and other countries.
B．To show the effect it has on space exploration.
C．To prove its advantages over other telescopes.
D．To show the effort our country made to see even further into space.
Ⅲ.重点句式补全
1．近些年来惊人的科学发展使太空探索重新受到公众的关注。
The dramatic scientific developments of recent years__________________________．
2．据悉，这只500米口径的“天眼”正被用于寻找暗物质，被认为是由普通望远镜看不到的亚原子粒子组成。
The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”， as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter，__________________________subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.
3．大部分的宇宙仍未被探索，以至于我们仍然处于接近这个不可思议的发现之旅的开始。
So much of the universe ________________ that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
4．希望其他文明能在遥远的星球上发现这一记录，并帮助他们了解我们。
________________ the record will be found by other civilisations on distant planets and help them learn about us.
原文研读·立体透析
[词汇积累]
①endless adj.无穷的
②in reality 实际上；事实上
③the naked eye肉眼
④dramatically adv.巨大地；急剧地
⑤telescope /'tel sk p/n．望远镜
⑥angle /' ɡ( )l/ v．斜置
⑦enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能做某事
⑧similar to与……相似
⑨galaxy /'ɡ l ksi/ n．星系
⑩cosmic /'k zm k/ adj.宇宙的
conceivably /k n'si v b( )li/adv.可以相信地；可想象地
work out 计算出
at an ever-increasing speed以不断增长的速度
be engaged in 参与
currently adv.目前；现在
be composed of 由……组成
subatomic / s b 't m k/ adj.亚原子的；原子内的
particle /'pɑ t k( )l/ n．粒子
invisible / n'v z b( )l/adj.看不见的
at the edge of 在……的边缘
view v．看；看见
look back at/to回首
quest for追求，探索
be close to靠近；接近
[教材原文]
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
The night sky has been an endless① source of fascination since the start of human history. For_example,_the_mysterious_large-eyed,_bronze_statues_of_the_ancient_Shu_Kingdom,_discovered_at_the_Chinese_archeological_site_at_Sanxingdui,_were_believed_to_have_been_able_to_look_across_great_distances_into_the_stars.[1] In reality②， humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye③. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see. Not_knowing_what_the_stars_were,_people_in_ancient_times_used_their_imaginations_to_create_a_world_in_the_sky.[2]
[1]discovered...是过去分词短语作后置定语，sb./sth. be believed to do...“某人/某物被认为……”。
[2]Not knowing...是现在分词短语作原因状语，what引导宾语从句。
Our_power_to_investigate_and_thus_understand_space_changed_dramatically④_when_the_first_telescope⑤_was_angled⑥_at_the_night_sky,_increasing_as_it_did_the_power_of_the_human_eye_and_enabling_us_to_understand⑦_that_the_universe_is_far_larger_than_was_previously_imaginable. [3] The planets were seen to be worlds similar to⑧ our own, many_of_them_even_having_their_own_moons [4]. Soon,_it_was_understood_that_the_Sun_was_just_one_star_among_billions_in_the_galaxy⑨_we_call_the_Milky_Way. [5] Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic⑩ ocean.
[3]when引导时间状语从句，as引导原因状语从句，increasing... and enabling...是现在分词短语作结果状语。
[4]many of them even having...是“代词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。
[5]it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。we call...是省略了that/which的定语从句。
Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, giving_astronomers_—_indeed_all_of_us_—_the_first_breathtakingly_beautiful_images_of_our_universe_taken_from_beyond_Earth [6]. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life. Not_only_that_—_it_has_also_helped_us_to_work_out _the_age_and_nature_of_the_universe,_and_discover_the_incredible_fact_that_the_universe_is_expanding_at_an_ever-increasing_speed [7].
[6]giving...是现在分词短语作结果状语。
[7]Not only... but also...不但……，而且……，连接并列的句子成分。第二个that引导同位语从句。
To_see_even_further_into_the_universe,_many_countries_are_now_engaged_in _building_ever_more_advanced_telescopes [8]. Currently ， China operates the world's largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed_in_2016 [9]. The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”， as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away, right at the edge of the visible universe.
[8]To see...是不定式短语作目的状语。
[9]completed...是过去分词短语作后置定语。
The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space. We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago. Using_ever-larger_radio_telescopes_as_our_eyes,_we_will_one_day_be_able_to_look_back_to _a_time_in_the_very_early_universe,_before_the_existence_of_light [10]. But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that. So_much_of_the_universe_remains_unexplored_that_we_are_still_close_to _the_start_of_this_incredible_journey_of_discovery [11].
[10]Using...是现在分词短语作方式状语。
[11]So...that...“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。
[课文译文]
仰望夜空
自人类历史开始以来，夜空一直具有一种无尽的魅力。例如，在中国考古遗址三星堆发现的古代蜀国神秘的大眼睛青铜像，据认为已经能够跨越很远的距离看到星星。事实上，人类用肉眼看到的夜空微乎其微。而且很长一段时间，人们不能理解他们所能看到的东西。由于不知道星星是什么，古代的人们利用他们的想象力创造出了一个天空的世界。
当第一架望远镜斜置对准夜空时，我们研究和理解太空的能力发生了巨大的变化，它增强了人眼的能力，使我们能够理解到宇宙比以前所想象的要大得多。这些行星被认为是类似于我们自己的世界，其中许多甚至有自己的卫星。不久以后，人们了解到太阳只是我们称之为银河系的数十亿个星系中的一颗恒星。大约300年后，我们得知银河系本身只是数十亿其他星系中的一个，它分布在黑暗的太空中，就像漂浮在浩瀚宇宙海洋中由光和物质组成的巨型岛屿。
在第一台地面望远镜发明将近400年之后，哈勃太空望远镜被发射到了轨道上，确实给了天文学家们——实际上我们所有的人——首批从地球以外拍摄的令人叹为观止的美丽的宇宙图像。历史上没有任何东西能让我们在如此遥远的距离上看到如此多的东西，从恒星诞生的巨大气体云，到巨大的黑洞，甚至再到我们可能会在那里找到生命的新的行星。不仅如此——它还帮助我们计算出宇宙的年龄和性质，并发现宇宙正在以不断增长的速度进行膨胀这一不可思议的事实。
为了进一步深入地观察宇宙，许多国家现在正在建造更先进的望远镜。目前，中国拥有世界上尺寸最大、能力最强的射电望远镜——FAST，它是2016年建成。据悉这只500米口径的“天眼”正被用来寻找暗物质，该物质被认为是由普通望远镜看不到的亚原子粒子组成。这个巨大的望远镜也有能力探索数十亿光年之外的空间区域，就在可见宇宙的边缘。
哈勃望远镜和在它之后建造的太空望远镜将使我们能够看到越来越远的太空。我们将看到数十亿光年以外的恒星和星系，并且回顾几十亿年前的过去。用越来越大的射电望远镜作为我们的眼睛，总有一天，我们将能够回顾在光存在之前的早期宇宙的一段时期。但是人类对知识的探求甚至远不仅如此。大部分的宇宙仍未被探索，以至于我们仍然只是处于接近这个不可思议的发现之旅的开始。
要点精研·探究学习
1)angle v．斜置　n．角；角度，立场)
(教材原句)Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky...当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们调查和理解太空的能力发生了巨大的变化……
He angled his chair so that he could sit and watch her.
他斜移了椅子，以便能坐着观察她。
The picture was hanging at an angle.画斜挂着。
The rising sun is especially beautiful to look at from this angle.正在升起的太阳从这个角度看特别美。
We would like to hear your angle in this argument.
我们想听听你在这场争论中的观点。
at an angle 倾斜地，成一定角度地
from a(n)...angle 从……角度
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The two roads lie ________ an angle of about 45 degrees.
完成句子
②Viewed ________________ (从任何角度), drinking heavily on an empty stomach is very harmful to health.
③Try looking at the problem ________________ (从我的立场).
2)invisible adj.看不见的)
(教材原句)The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”， as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.
众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。
Using telescope, Galileo discovered stars that were invisible to the naked eye.伽利略利用望远镜发现了肉眼看不见的恒星。
(1)be invisible to 对……是不可见的
visible adj. 看得见的
(2)invisibly adv. 无形中；看不见地
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She felt ________ (visible) in the crowd.
②She lived quietly and almost ________ (invisible) in the United States.
完成句子
③这种飞机的设计目的是能躲过雷达探测。
The aircraft is designed to ____________________．
3)be engaged in (doing) sth.从事于……，忙于……)
(教材原句)．..many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.
……许多国家现在都在致力于建造更先进的望远镜。
I was totally engaged in my study and seldom paid attention to my mother's feelings.
我完全投入到学习中，很少关注母亲的感受。
He wants to be engaged in foreign trade.
＝He wants to engage (himself) in foreign trade.
他想要从事外贸工作。
Only 10% of American adults engage in regular exercise.
只有10%的美国成年人定期进行锻炼。
Her daughter was engaged to a young teacher.
她女儿和一位年轻老师订婚了。
engage oneself in (doing) sth. 使自己忙于，从事……
be engaged to sb. 和……订婚
engage in 参与……，参加……
[归纳拓展]
“忙于做某事”的常见表达法：
be engaged in (doing) sth.
engage oneself in (doing) sth.
be occupied in doing sth./with sth.
be busy (in) doing/with sth.
be buried in (doing) sth.
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Some of them were engaged ________ advanced studies.
＝Some of them engaged ________ (they) in advanced studies.
②The two governments have agreed to engage ________ a comprehensive dialogue to resolve the problem.
③Jack was engaged ________ Anne and their wedding would be held soon.
4)be composed of由……组成/构成)
(教材原句)．..thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.
……被认为是由普通望远镜看不到的亚原子粒子组成的。
The committee is composed mainly of lawyers.
委员会主要由律师组成。
The course is made up of 12 two-hour sessions.
这门课总共上12次，每次两小时。
be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of 由……组成
compose＝make up 构成，组成
[名师点津]　由……组成/构成：be composed of, be made up of, consist of (整体作主语，部分作宾语)
组成，构成：make up, compose (部分作主语，整体作宾语)
The group is composed of/is made up of/consists of ten people.
＝Ten people make up/compose the group.
这个小组由十个人组成。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Air ________ (compose) mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.
同义句转换
②Ten members make up the committee.
→The committee ________ ten members.
→The committee ________ ten members.
→The committee ________ ten members.
5)be close to 靠近，接近；与……亲密；几乎，可能(表示状态))
(教材原句)So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.宇宙中还有很多东西没有被探索，所以我们离这个不可思议的发现之旅的开始还有一段距离。
Our new house is close to the school.
我们的新房子离学校很近。
She is very close to her sister.她和姐姐很亲。
He was close to tears.他几乎快掉眼泪了。
Don't get too close to that statue, Rosie.
罗西，别靠那座雕像太近。
The dog came close to being killed by a car.
那只狗差点儿被一辆汽车轧死。
[误区警示]　close 作副词时表示具体意义，意为“接近地”；
closely作副词时表示抽象意义，意为“严密地，密切地”。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①Her relationship isn't good with her father, but she ______________________________ (与……关系非常亲近) her mother.　　　　　
get close to 接近，靠近(表示动作)
keep close to 紧跟
stand/sit close to 靠近……站着/坐着
live close to 住得离……近
come close to doing sth. 差一点儿做某事,②Don't ________________ (接近) the fire, or you will get burnt.
③Little Mary ________________ (靠近……站着) her mother.
6)(教材原句)For example，the mysterious large-eyed，bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom，discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.,例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。)
[句式解构]
本句sb./sth.be believed to have done句式，表示“据认为做了……”。
She is said to have given a lot of money to charity.
据说她向慈善机构捐了大量的钱。
The new policy is believed to be the first scheme to offer protection against an illness.
这份新的保险单被认为是首个承保疾病风险的保险方案。
Education should not be considered to be a privilege in a modern society.
在现代社会中，受教育不应该被看成是一种特权。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Several young men pretended ________ (be) policemen, but were caught at last.
②The engine just won't start.Something seems ________ (go)wrong with it.
完成句子
③人们认为这个嫌疑人已经被询问了好多次了。
The suspect ______________________________ for many times.
④市民似乎正在抱怨空气污染。
Citizens ______________________ the air pollution.
7)(教材原句)The more we know, the more we feel our ignorance; the more we feel how much remains unknown.我们知道的越多，就越感到自己无知；我们越是感到有很多东西仍是未知的。)
[句式解构]　the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)
表示“越……，就越……”。前者表示条件，后者表示结果。
The higher you stand, the further you'll see.
站得越高，你就会看得越远。
The harder you study, the more progress you'll make.
你学习越刻苦，取得的进步就越大。
The more, the better.多多益善。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①你说英语越多，你的英语就会越好。
________ you speak English, ______ your English will become.
②一个人越博学，他通常就越谦虚。
________________ a man is, ______________ he usually becomes.
③你练习得越多，就会说得越流利。
The more you practise, ________________________．
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A ________ (望远镜) was used by that detective to observe the abnormal behavior of that couple.
2．The photo was shot from an unusual ________ (角度).
3．________ (可以相信地), only by distributing bonus fairly can we motivate employees to work harder.
4．The bacteria, which is ________ (看不见的) to naked eyes, can be harmful to our body.
5．When asked to explain the theory of simulator, he made it in a ________ (简单的) way.
6．That enterprising manager is blessed with strong ________ (自制力).
7．Under no circumstances are you allowed to ________ (去拿) others' possessions without permission.
8．The crew were asked to cover their mouth while ________ (打喷嚏).
9．I totally forgot! The ________ (光盘) was broken. I just lost the whole day's work.
10．They cut out a piece of ________ (肌肉) from my leg and looked at it under a microscope.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The students benefitting most from college are those who are totally engaged ________ academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources.
2．Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close ________ extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left.
3．So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of ________ (fetch) coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success.
4．They ________ (believe) to be the smallest rabbits in the world.
5．It's true, the ________ (old) I get, the more I feel time has wings.
6．________ (compose) of 10 chapters, the book was sold 10 million copies in 2 months.
7．The ceramics change their appearances from different ________ (angle).
8．________ (conceivable), it is your thoughtful decisions that enable our company to accumulate money automatically.
9．Those invaders hide in the undergrowth that is ________ (visible) to observers.
10．Breathing in the smell of pepper, he couldn't help ________ (sneeze).
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的　2.望远镜　3.斜置　4.星系　5.宇宙的　6.亚原子的；原子内的　7.粒子　8.简单的
9．(去)拿来　10.肌肉　11.胡椒粉　12.打喷嚏　13.激光唱片；光碟，光盘　14.自我约束，自律
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．simulated; simulator　2.submit　3.awesome　4.conceivably　5.invisible
Ⅲ.短语互译
1．set out　2.sign up for　3.in reality　4.work out
5．参与，参加　6.由……组成　7.回首　8.追求，寻找
预习验收·衔接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．simulator　2.lifelike　3.awesome　4.telescope　5.particles　6.straightforward　7.muscles　8.sneezing
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．angled　2.simulated　3.submitted　4.conceivably　5.invisible　6.to fetch　7.In
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．What's more　2.Looking back to　3.working out
4．on a regular basis　5.is composed of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．So great was the distance　2.No wonder
3．were believed to have been able　4.it was understood that
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
(1)exploration　(2)telescope　(3)unexplored
Ⅱ.文本剖析：细节探究
1．C　2.C　3.D　4.A　5.D
Ⅲ.重点句式补全
1．have brought space exploration back to public attention
2．thought to be composed of
3．remains unexplored
4．It is hoped that
要点精研·探究学习
1．①at　②from any angle　③from my angle
2．①invisible　②invisibly　③be invisible to radar
3．①in; themselves　②in　③to
4．①is composed　②is made up of; is composed of; consists of
5．①is very close to　②get close to　③stood close to
6．①to be　②to have gone　③was believed to have been questioned　④seem to be complaining about
7．①The more; the better　②The more learned; the more modest　③the more fluently you will speak
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．telescope　2.angle　3.Conceivably　4.invisible　5.straightforward　6.self discipline　7.fetch　8.sneezing　9.disc　10.muscle
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．in　2.to　3.fetching　4.are believed　5.older　6.Composed　7.angles　8.Conceivably　9.invisible　10.sneezing(共117张PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
单元脉图·素养导引
01.课前预习·自主学习
02.要点精研·探究学习
03.课时达标·随堂自测
04.课时作业（二十一）
内容
索引
01.课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
(　　)1.notion A．n.(有特定目的的)短途旅行
(　　)2.excursion B．v.暂停，中止
(　　)3.scream C．n.(飞机上的)全体机组人员
(　　)4.suspend D．n.概念；观点；看法
(　　)5.crew E．v.(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
D
A
E
B
C
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．hazard n．危险；隐患；危险物；危害物→________ adj.危险的，不安全的
2．except prep.除……之外→exception n．例外→exceptional adj.特别的，格外的，优异的，非凡的→_____________ adj.平常的
3．kindle v．激起，唤起→________ v．重新激起，重新唤起
4．tragedy n．悲剧，惨事；惨案→tragic adj.悲惨的，不幸地→________ adv.悲惨地，不幸地
hazardous
unexceptional
rekindle
tragically
5．instant n．瞬间，片刻adj.立即的，立刻的→ instantaneous adj.瞬间的，及时的→______________ adv.瞬间地
6．________ n．坏影响，阴影→shadowy adj.秘密的，神秘的，藏在阴影中的
instantaneously
shadow
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．set foot ________ 踏上
2．become accustomed ________ 习惯于(做)某事
3. make ________ to 成功到达
4．take ________ (飞机、飞船等)起飞
5．tune ________ 收听，收看
6．go into ________ 陷入震惊
7．cast a shadow ________ 给……蒙上阴影
8．call ________ 向……召唤
on
to
it
off
in
shock
on
to
预习验收·衔接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．________ n. 概念；观点；看法
2．________ adj. 危险的，不安全的
3．____________ adj. 平常的
4．________ n. 航天飞机
5．________ n. (有特定目的的)短途旅行
6．________ v. 重新激起，重新唤起
notion
hazardous
unexceptional
shuttle
excursion
rekindle
7．________ adv. 悲惨地，不幸地
8．________________ adv. 瞬间地
9．________ v. (因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
10．________ v. 暂停，中止
tragically
instantaneously
scream
suspend
Ⅱ.短语填空
be accustomed to; set foot on; make it to; take off; tune in; call to; cast a shadow on; on board
1．Ladies and gentlemen, please turn off your cellphones and computers. The plane is ________________．
2．His death ________________ us, reminding us that safety was of great importance.
3．Henry ________________ keeping quiet while they are having dinner.
taking off
called to
is accustomed to
4．To our great sorrow, all the people ______________ were killed, including Kobe and his second daughter.
5．Although I was stuck in the traffic jam, I ________________ the railway station.
6．The news will be broadcast in five minutes. Let's ________________ to watch it.
7．As soon as they ________________ the island, they were greatly impressed with the rare plants.
8．The judgement ________________ his future, so he felt angry and decided to appeal to a higher court.
on board
made it to
tune in
set foot on
cast a shadow on
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球以来，人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。
Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people ________________________ the notion of space travel.
2．全世界陷入震惊，大多数人认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样不会有危险。
The world went into shock, ________________________ that this space flight would be ________________ travelling in an aeroplane.
have become accustomed to
most people having assumed
no more dangerous than
3．“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤我们，并提醒我们，我们必须继续去探寻星球，无论它们看起来有多遥远。
The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, ______________________________．
no matter how distant they might seem
课文自测·强化理解
Ⅰ.课文解构(挑战创新题)
答案：1．lunar/moon landing　
2.Space travel　
3.disaster
4．Exploring the universe/Reaching for the stars
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that could go wrong.
[句式分析]
句中Millions watched that first lunar landing... sets为“主语＋watch＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，their hearts in their mouths为“名词＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构，后面的aware of...go wrong为形容词短语作状语，在该形容词短语中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词things。
[尝试翻译]
答案：数百万人通过黑白电视观看了首次登月的过程，当时他们的心提到嗓子眼里，意识到这是一项多么艰巨而又危险的事业，以及许多可能会出错的地方。
2．It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short, they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration, such as Gagarin, Tereshkova, Armstrong and Yang Liwei.
[句式分析]
本句是由and连接的并列复合句。and前的分句为简单句，and后的分句中although引导让步状语从句，they take their place... Yang Liwei为主句。
[尝试翻译]
答案：“挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了，尽管其机组人员的生命不幸被缩短，但他们却与其他太空探索英雄如加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟一样都有属于自己的位置。
Ⅲ.表格填空
Para. 1 ·1.__________________ first set foot on the Moon and returned safely on 20 July 1969.
·Since then, people have become accustomed to 2.____________________________．
·Guided by 3.__________________， all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
Neil Armstrong
the notion of space travel
an ordinary computer
Para. 2 ·Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became 4.____________________ to the public, as innovations succeeded each other.
·On 28 January 1986, 5.____________________ space shuttle took off with seven astronauts, including a woman teacher, who would give two 15-minute lessons from orbit.
·The world seemed to have lost its 6.________ at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved, but this was going to be no ordinary excursion.
unexceptional
the Challenger
wonder
Para. 3 — Para. 5 ·The Challenger exploded in mid-air just over a minute after taking off, and all seven astronauts 7.________ were killed.
·The whole world 8._____________．
·Space shuttle flights 9.__________________ for nearly three years.
·On 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with 10.______________________________________．
Para. 6 ·In spite of disasters, we will continue to reach for the universe.
on board
went into shock
were suspended
the successful launch of Discovery
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．Who is the first person in the world to land on the Moon
A．Yang Liwei. B．Neil Armstrong.
C．Tereshkova. D．Gagarin.
B
2．Why was the excursion of the Challenger special
A．Because a woman teacher would give lessons in space.
B．Because it ended up in failure with all seven astronauts on board died.
C．Because the space shuttle was first used in the American space programme.
D．Because the woman teacher was the first woman astronaut.
A
3．How did the world feel after the Challenger exploded
A．Frightened. B．Disappointed.
C．Depressed. D．Shocked.
D
4．What can we learn from the Challenger disaster
A．Full preparations are of great importance to success.
B．The take-off should not be broadcast live.
C．There is a long way to go in space exploration.
D．Spending too much money on space exploration isn't worth.
C
5．Which of the following caused the space shuttle programme resume
A．The appearance of the space shuttle.
B．The successful launch of Discovery.
C．The real causes of the loss of the Challenger.
D．The rapid development of technology.
B
Ⅴ.选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息(其中有一项是多余的)
A．the world were shocked
B．the school boy became sad
C．the public thought it was no longer dangerous
D．the public were very nervous
E．the excursion was a special one
F．the space shuttle programme resumed
1．When they tuned in to witness the first landing and return, ________．
2．When the Challenger took off in Florida, ________．
3．When the Challenger exploded in mid-air, ________．
4．Because a woman teacher would give lessons in space, ________．
5．When Discovery was successfully launched, ________．
D
C
A
E
F
原文研读·立体透析
[词汇积累]
①set foot on踏上
②become accustomed to习惯于(做)某事
③notion/'n ( )n/n．概念；观点；看法
④aware of意识到，知道
⑤arduous adj.努力的，险峻的
⑥hazardous/'h z d s/ adj.危险的，不安全的
⑦go wrong出错；出故障
⑧less powerful不那么强大
⑨make it成功做成某事
⑩unexceptional/ nik'sep ( )n l/adj.平常的
be replaced by被替换
shuttle/' tl/ n．航天飞机
the space shuttle航天飞机
take off起飞
excursion/ k'sk ( )n/ n．(有特定目的的)短途旅行
tune in收听某电台广播或电视播放
be about to do刚要做某事；正要做某事
rekindle/ri 'k ndl/ v．重新激起，重新唤起
communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in
传达一种兴奋的感觉，重新激发人们对……的兴趣
tragically/'tr d kli/ adv.悲惨地，不幸地
on board在船(火车，飞机)上等
go into shock陷入震惊
instantaneously/ nst n'te ni sli/ adv.瞬间地
shadow/' d / n．坏影响，阴影
cast a shadow on给……蒙上阴影
have much patience doing有很大耐心做某事
wave to向……挥手
little more than仅仅
no more than仅仅
more than比……多；不仅仅
a cloud of一团
scream/skri m/ v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
suspend/s 'spend/ v．暂停，中止
resume n．履历，个人简历；vt. & vi.重新开始，继续
crew/kru / n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员
cut short减少
take one's place就位；有某人的位置
join sb. in加入某人做某事
call to召唤
reach for伸手去够
[教材原文]
The Call of the Challenger
Ever_since_Neil_Armstrong_first_set_foot_on①_the_Moon_back_on_20_July_1969,_people_have_become_accustomed_to②_the_notion③_of_space_travel[1]. Millions_watched_that_first_lunar_landing_on_black_and_white_television_sets,_their_hearts_in_their_mouths,_aware_of④_how_arduous⑤_and_hazardous⑥
_an_undertaking_it_was,_and_of_the_many_things_that_could_go_wrong⑦[2]. With Armstrong's now famous words “That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”， what_had_once_been_considered_impossible_had_now_been_achieved[3]. Guided by a computer that was much less powerful⑧ than the ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it⑨ safely back to Earth.
[1]Ever since引导时间状语从句。
[2]their hearts in their mouths是名词＋介词短语构成的独立主格结构。第二个that引导定语从句。
[3]what引导主语从句。
Following_the_Moon_landings,_space_travel_rapidly_became_unexceptional⑩_to_the_public,_as_innovations_succeeded_each_other[4]. By the early 1980s, the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle .
When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. But this was going to be no ordinary excursion ， and millions of people tuned in to witness the take-off on TV. It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, an ordinary teacher and mother, was about to become the first civilian in space.
She_planned_to_give_two_15-minute_lessons_from_orbit:_the_first_to_demonstrate_the_controls_of_the_spacecraft_and_explain_how_gravity_worked,_and_the_second_to_describe_the_objectives_of_the_Challenger_programme [5]. Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme. With_the_eyes_of_students_across_the_nation_upon_her[6], she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
[4]Following...是现在分词短语作时间状语，as引导时间状语从句。
[5]the first to...和the second to...是代词＋to do构成的独立主格结构。
[6]With...upon her是“with＋宾语＋介词短语”构成的with复合结构。
Tragically ， she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida, and all seven astronauts on board were killed. The_world_went_into_shock ，_most_people_having_assumed_that_this_space_flight_would_be_no_more_dangerous_than_travelling_in_an_aeroplane [7]. How wrong they had been! Instantaneously ， excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people's hearts.
[7]most people having assumed...是“名词＋现在分词的完成形式”构成的独立主格结构。no more＋比较级＋than...“跟……一样不……，不比……更……”。
“I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take-off on TV at school，”said one student. “There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger, and we were all very excited. We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch. We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle .
Then, little more than a minute after take-off, we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky, followed_by_a_cloud_of _white_smoke[8]. The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming .”
[8]followed by...是过去分词短语作时间状语。
Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle's components were redesigned. But_there_was_never_any_doubt_that_manned_flights_would_continue[9], and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
[9]there was never any doubt that...“毫无疑问……”， that引导同位语从句。
It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short ， they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration, such as Gagarin, Tereshkova, Armstrong and Yang Liwei. The memory of those seven will live forever, written_in_the_stars,_inspiring_us_to_join_them_in _humanity's_greatest_journey_of_exploration_and_discovery[10]. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, _reminding_us_that_we_must_continue_to_reach_for _the_stars,_no_matter_how_distant_they_might_seem[11].
[10]written..., inspiring...是过去分词和现在分词作状语。
[11]that引导宾语从句，no matter how引导让步状语从句。
[课文译文]
“挑战者”号的呼叫
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球以来，人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。数百万人通过黑白电视观看了首次登月的过程，当时他们的心提到嗓子眼里，意识到这是一项多么艰巨而又危险的事业，以及许多可能会出错的地方。伴随着阿姆斯特朗至今都是很流行的名言：“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，以前看似不可能的事情现在都已经实现了。在一台能力还不如今天的普通学生所使用的电脑的帮助下，参与阿波罗11号任务的三名宇航员全部都安全地返回地球。
继月球着陆后，伴随着创新的相互接替，太空旅行对公众来说很快就变得很普通了。到20世纪80年代初，以前在美国太空计划中使用的大型火箭已经被航天飞机所取代。当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日起飞时，世界似乎对由宇航员参与并取得的惊人成就失去了惊奇。但这将不是一场普通的短途旅行，数以百万计的人在电视上收看了起飞。这很特别，因为37岁的克里斯塔·麦考利夫，一位普通的教师亦是母亲，即将成为太空中的第一位平民。她计划在轨道上上两节15分钟的课：第一节课演示航天器的控制装置，以及解释重力是如何作用的，第二节课是描述挑战者号计划的目标。克里斯塔希望传达一种兴奋的感觉，并重新激发大家对空间计划的兴趣。随着全国各地学生的目光注视着她，她或许已经激发了全新一代的宇航员和太空科学家。
不幸的是，当航天飞机在佛罗里达起飞仅仅一分多钟后爆炸了，她再也没能回到教室，而且还有飞机上的7名宇航员也全部遇难。全世界陷入震惊，大多数人认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样不会有危险。他们完全错了！瞬间，兴奋和乐观变成了恐惧和失败。这是有史以来最具灾难性的航天事故，给人们的心灵蒙上了阴影。
一名学生说：“我很清晰地记得那一天，我们在学校的电视上观看起飞。‘挑战者’号上有一位普通的老师，我们都很兴奋。我们没有多少耐心等待发射。我们看到了宇航员们走进航天飞机时向世界挥手，并面带微笑。然后，起飞仅仅一分钟多一点的时候，我们看到了在天空中有一道奇怪的红橙色的光，紧接着是一团白烟。‘挑战者’号已经在半空中爆炸，我们都开始尖叫。”
在“挑战者”号灾难冲击之后，航天飞机的飞行暂停了几乎三年，在此期间，对灾难的起因进行了调查，并对航天飞机的一些部件进行了重新设计。但毫无疑问，载人飞行将继续下去。随着“发现”号于1988年9月29日的成功发射，航天飞机计划恢复。
“挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了，尽管其机组人员的生命不幸被缩短，但他们却与其他太空探索英雄如加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟一样都有属于自己的位置。我们将永远记住这七个人，他们已被记入星空，并激励我们与他们一起加入人类最伟大的探索和发现之旅中。“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤我们，提醒我们，我们必须继续去探寻星球，无论它们看起来有多遥远。
02.要点精研·探究学习
1)scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫；高声喊，大声叫　n．尖叫声)
(教材原句)The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming.
“挑战者”号在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。
At the sight of the monster, he stepped backward with legs trembling, screaming with terror.
看到怪物，他双腿颤抖着往后退，害怕地尖叫。
Someone was screaming for help.有人在喊救命。
He screamed out her name.他高声叫喊她的名字。
Hilda let out a scream.希尔达发出了一声尖叫。
scream with/in 因……而尖叫
scream for 为……而叫喊
scream out 高声喊，大声叫
let out a scream 发出一声尖叫
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Through the smoke, the rescuers could hear people ________ (scream) for help.
②Martha used to feel great pain whenever she heard Anna scream ________．
③She screamed ________， “Don't touch me！”
④People ran for the exits, ________ (scream) out in terror.
screaming
out
out
screaming
2)suspend v．暂停，中止；使……暂时停学/停职；悬，挂，吊)
(教材原句)Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years...在令人震惊的“挑战者”号灾难发生后，航天飞机的飞行暂停了近三年……
Production has been suspended for the safety checks are being carried out.
由于正在进行安全检查，生产暂停。
Julie was suspended from her job shortly after that incident.
那个事件发生后不久，朱莉就被停职了。
A lamp was suspended from the ceiling.
一盏吊灯悬在天花板上。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Sales of the drug will ____________ (suspend) until more tests are completed.
②Julie was suspended ________ her job shortly after the incident.
③The builders worked on wooden platforms, ________ (suspend) by ropes from the roof of the building.
④These events have led to the ___________ (suspend) of talks.
be suspended
from
suspended
suspension
3)crew n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员)
As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management...当我驾驶更大、更快的飞机，在更坏的天气中，我学会了机组资源管理……
film crew 影片摄制组
camera crew 电影摄制组
rescue crew 救护队
[归纳总结]　crew是集体名词，作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式，常用的集体名词有audience/class/family/team/group/crowd。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①There ________ a large audience in the hall and the audience ________ lost in the music.
完成句子
②The plane crashed, ____________________________________ (造成两名机组和四名乘客死亡).
was
were
killing two of the crew and four passengers
4)shadow n．坏影响，阴影　v．(在……上)投下阴影)
The second half looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life after Armantrout was diagnosed with cancer in 2006.第二部分讲述了自2006年阿曼特罗特被诊断出癌症后，笼罩在她生活上的黑暗力量。
These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear.这些人多年来一直生活在恐怖的阴影中。
cast a shadow on... 在……上投下一片影子/给……蒙上阴影
cast a shadow on/over their happiness 给他们的幸福蒙上阴影
under/in the shadow of... 在……的阴影中
in shadow 在阴影中/在阴暗处
be shadowed by 被……罩在阴影里
[语境助记]
The children were having fun, chasing each other's shadows．
孩子们追逐着彼此的影子，正玩得开心。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①His face was deep ________ shadow, turning away from her.
②For years, people had been living under ________ shadow of terrorism.
③The events cast ________ shadow over the celebrations.
in
the
a
5)set foot on进入，到达)
(教材原句)Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969...自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆特朗第一次踏上月球以来……
American Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon.
美国人尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成为第一个登上月球的人。
The explorers failed to set foot on the land of Antarctica due to extreme weather.
由于极端天气，探险者未能踏上南极大陆。
She said she would never set foot in that house again.
她说她再也不会踏入那所房子了。
set foot in 踏进
set off for 出发去某地
set off 出发，动身
[语境助记]
I'll set off early to avoid the traffic.
我要早些出发避开交通拥堵。
Verry and I set off on foot for the beach.
我和韦里步行前往沙滩。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①As soon as I ________ (踏上) the magic land, I was deeply impressed with its scenery.
②From the moment you ________ (踏进) this house you've been murmuring—what's wrong？
set foot on
set foot in
6)become accustomed to习惯于(做)某事)
(教材原句)．..people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.……人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。
However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the lifestyle to which they have so quickly become accustomed.
然而，他们发现自己并没有全身心投入到工作中，而是通过工作来维持他们很快就习惯了的生活方式。
The general is not accustomed to having his order questioned.将军不习惯有人对他的命令提出质疑。
become/get/be accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事(become/get表动作，be表状态)
accustom oneself to sth. 使自己习惯于某事(to是介词)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It'll take time for me to accustom myself ________ the changes.
②She is a person ____________ (accustom) to having eight hours' sleep a night.
完成句子
③Teenagers should be banned from smoking, because once their bodies _________________________ (习惯于) nicotine, they will be addicted to it.
④The foreigner ________________ (不习惯于) the life there and eventually left.
⑤The old man __________________ (习惯于) getting up early every day.
to
accustomed
become/get accustomed to
wasn't accustomed to
is accustomed to
7)tune in 收看，收听)
I happened to tune in to your program that day.
那天我碰巧调到了你的节目。
tune in有时候可以用作不及物动词短语，后面接介词to，表示“收听……；与……协调；了解……”。
tune...to... 把……(收音机、电视频道等)调到……(台)
tune...up 给……(乐器)调音
be tuned in 了解，熟悉(情况、想法等)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He's just not tuned in ________ the child's feelings.
②The company aims to be more ________ (tune) in to customer needs.
to
tuned
8)reach for the stars摘星揽月；探索星球；有崇高的目标)
If you reach for the stars, you ultimately will achieve better results.如果你胸怀大志，你最终会取得更好的成绩。
The child reached out to pick up the kitten.
那个孩子伸出手抱起那只小猫。
She set up her charity to reach out to the thousands of homeless people on the streets.
她创建了慈善团体，向数以千计流落街头的人提供帮助。
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others.邓恩认为，那些主动接触陌生人的人会明显感受到更大的归属感，一种与他人的联系。
reach for 伸手去取
reach out 伸出(手)
reach out to sb. 表示对某人感兴趣，愿意援助某人
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember, you have the strength to reach ________ the stars to change the world.
②He reached ________ the phone and knocked over a glass.
③They need to find new ways of reaching ________ to young people.
for
for　
out
9)(教材原句)Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次踏上月球以来，人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。)
[句式解构]　(ever) since＋一般过去时，主句用现在完成时ever since的用法与since类似，可以作副词、介词和连词。

ever since构成的短语或引导的从句作时间状语时，句子或主句通常用完成时态。
He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing his essay there ever since.
他早饭后去了图书馆，从那时起就一直在那里写文章。
I haven't heard from him ever since he graduated last year.
自去年他毕业以后，我就没有收到过他的信。
[归纳拓展]　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语还有so far, up to now, until/till now, by now, “for＋时间段”等。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and _____________ (remain) around that level ever since.
②In America the demand for oil ________ (grow) by 22 percent since 1990.
has remained
has grown
10)(教材原句)When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日起飞时，全世界似乎对宇航员所取得的惊人成就已不再感到惊奇。)
[句式解构]　seem to have done sth.似乎已经做了某事
The young man seemed to have changed much.
这个年轻人似乎变化很大。
Everyone in the picture seems to have put on some weight.
照片中的每个人好像都胖了些。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①看来她已经做完她的作业了。She seems _____________ her homework.
②似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。
____________ no one knows what has happened in the park.
to have finished
It seems that
11)(教材原句)But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue...
但毫无疑问，载人飞机将继续下去……)
[句式解构]　There is never any doubt that...毫无疑问……(＝There is no doubt that...)
该句式中，that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。
There is some doubt about.../whether... 对……有些疑问
I don't doubt that... 我不怀疑……
I doubt whether/if 我怀疑……
There is never any doubt that China is playing a vital role in the world.毫无疑问，中国在世界上起着极其重要的作用。
There is no doubt that one day a cure for cancer will be found.毫无疑问，总有一天会找到治疗癌症的方法。
There is some doubt whether he will be elected.
他能否当选还不太确定。
We don't doubt that he can do a good job.
我们并不怀疑他能做得很好。
I doubt whether/if that was what he wanted.
我不知道那是不是他想要的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①There is no doubt ________ it is vital for us to deal with e-waste properly.
②He doubted ________ he would learn anything valuable from Marie.
③I don't doubt ________ he can accomplish the task before the deadline.
④There is little doubt in your mind ________ he is innocent, is there
⑤There is some doubt ________ their football team will win the match.
that
whether/if　
that
that
whether
03.课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It'll take time for me to ___________ (使适应) myself to the notable changes.
2．I have to reject the ________ (看法) that greed can be a good thing.
3．Having no alternative but to surrender to the reality, that ambitious lady couldn't help ________ (尖叫).
4．The ________ (全体机组人员), as well as passengers, were quarantined (隔离) as soon as the plane landed.
accustom
notion
screaming
crew
5．That project was ________ (中止) for financial crisis and turned out to be a failure.
6．Discrimination between gender casts a ________ (阴影) on the atmosphere of election.
7．________ (不幸的是), that historical event had a negative potential impact on social situation.
8．With your participation, we're confident that we can dispose of the ________ (危险的) waste that they produced.
suspended
shadow
Tragically
hazardous
9．After retirement the man lived an ____________ (寻常的) life.
10．The mystery of galaxy has ___________ (重新激起) humans' passion about space exploration since the successful launch of Tiangong-1.
unexceptional
rekindled
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Large amounts of money have been used to purchase this ________ (exceptional) product.
2．The immigrants have ____________ (accustom) to life in tropical area.
3．To finish the ________ (hazard) task, he practiced again and again.
4．________ (tragic), the adopted child was abused by his stepfather.
5．Frightened by abnormal behaviour of her husband, she rushed out of the room hurriedly, ________ (scream) aloud.
unexceptional
been accustomed
hazardous
Tragically
screaming
6．While regularly eating out seems to ____________ (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost.
7．There is no doubt ________ this candidate's advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.

have become
that
04.课时作业（二十一）
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He has no n________ (概念) of the difficulty of looking into the case.
2．The man was alone in the unknown room in astronaut c________ (全体机组人员) quarters at the Kennedy Space Center, exhausted and ready for bed.
3．The two world wars cast a s________ (阴影) on the people and civilisation all over the world.
4．Delayed onset muscle soreness is an equivalent result of physical activities that stress the muscle tissue beyond what it is a___________ (适应的) to.
notion
crew
shadow
accustomed
5．They have no way to dispose of the h________ (危险的) substance.
6．Balance is relative and equivalent and the relatively balanced world structure is u____________ (平常的).
7．T________ (悲惨地), women and children are often the ones who are abandoned in other countries.
8．To the doctor's surprise, the notable scientist became almost i____________ (瞬间地) unconscious.
hazardous
unexceptional
Tragically
instantaneously
9．Intrigued what they heard, the children may sit up in bed, or walk around the room, s________ (尖声大叫) or talking senselessly.
10．In my view, let us s________ (暂停) judgement until we know all the uncharted facts.
screaming
suspend
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Her greatest ________________ (achieve) was related to astronomy.
2．With a heavy heart Mr Utterson ________ (replace) the envelope in the vol, put on his coat and went to see his old friend Doctor Lanyon.
achievement
解析：句意：她最伟大的成就与天文学有关。achievement作主语。
replaced
解析：句意：厄特森先生心情沉重地把信封放回书卷中，穿上外套，然后去见他的老朋友兰宁医生。根据后面的put及went可知，空格处应该用过去式replaced。
3．Furthermore, magnificent views over the countryside have often inspired people ________ (write) poems.
4．There was a terrible ________ (explode) at the chemical plant, causing great cyclone.
to write
解析：句意：此外，整个乡村的壮丽景色经常会激励人们写诗。inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事。
explosion
解析：句意：那家化工厂发生了一起可怕的爆炸事故，引起了巨大的气旋。explosion n．爆炸；爆发。
5．Never in my investigation have I ________ (witness) such considerate behaviour in a person of noble birth in my life.
6．Some people say that Mars should be protected as a wildlife reserve where we do everything possible to shrink from pollution, on the ________ (assume) that life could exist on it.
witnessed
解析：句意：在我的调查中，我一生从未见过一个出身高贵的人有如此体贴的行为。该句用现在完成时，为have done形式，所以用witnessed。
assumption
解析：句意：基于火星上可能存在生命的假设，有人说火星应该被当作野生生物保护区来保护，在那里我们尽一切可能避免污染。on the assumption (that)假定。
7．I ________ (follow) the servant into an unknown building，where she left me in a sitting room.
8．But how can I find you again，when we want to ________ (investigation) these ruins further
followed
解析：句意：我跟着那个仆人进了一幢不为人知的房子，她把我留在了起居室里。根据后面的left可知此处用过去式。
investigate
解析：句意：但是当我们想进一步调查这些废墟时，我怎么能再找到你呢？want to do sth.为固定搭配，所以填investigate。
9．The Queen ________ (release) a statement confirming that the expansion would be continued the following year.
10．In that case，he left his own planet and took an ________ (explore) at some tropical asteroids.
released
解析：句意：女王发布了一份声明，确认这一扩张在第二年将会继续。本句描述的是过去的事实，故用一般过去时。
exploration
解析：句意：在这种情况下，他离开了自己的星球，到一些热带小行星上作了一次探险。an是冠词，后面要加名词单数exploration。
Ⅲ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
add...to..., on board, ever since, be sure of, set foot on, go wrong, be accustomed to, turn into, cast a shadow on, be aware of
1．When the planes hit the Twin Towers, none of the phone calls from people ____________ were messages of hate or revenge. They were all messages of equivalent love.
2．If you ____________ up ____________ wards, the new word upwards means “towards a higher place or position”．
on board
add
to
3．England must shrink from losing this game to ____________ qualifying for the World Cup.
4．They've been living there, eating your food, drinking your drink, giving wild parties ____________ they abandoned their house.
5．No man has ever ___________ that rocky pyramid; it's impossible to land there.
6．It will not take you very long to ____________ the notable way we do it.
be sure of
ever since
set foot on
be accustomed to　
7．After my father was buried, I was very unhappy and things ____________ for me too.
8．As time went on, they came to _____________ the downfall of that city's economy.
9．I think twice that I have to stop, or I might ________ a machine.
10．She is afraid that the investigation will ________________ the relationship between her and her husband.
went wrong
be aware of
turn into
cast a shadow on
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot 1.________ the Moon back on 20 July 1969，people 2.____________ (become) accustomed to the notion of space travel. With Armstrong's now famous words “That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”， 3.________ had once been considered impossible had now been achieved. 4.________ (guide) by a computer that was much 5.____________ (powerful) than the ones used by today's average school students，all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
on
have become
what
Guided
less powerful
Following the Moon landings, space travel 6.________ (rapid) became unexceptional to the public, as innovations succeeded each other. By the early 1980s, the great rockets previously used in the American space programme 7._____________ (replace) by the space shuttle. When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the 8.________ (amaze) achievements of the astronauts involved. It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, 9.________ ordinary teacher and mother, was about to become the first civilian in space. With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space 10.________ (scientist) .
rapidly
had been replaced
amazing
an
scientists
Ⅰ.完形填空
It was time to start my afternoon run on the school bus. I drove up to the elementary school, parked and opened the doors.
Usually I enjoyed __1__ the kids as they climbed aboard. Today I kept my __2__ fixed straight ahead. I'd just come from a(n) __3__ family counseling (辅导)session with my oldest son, Shayn. He started consuming alcohol at 17. I felt __4__. “How did we ever get here？” I thought. Shayn was intelligent and had been a __5__ to raise. The two of us were close.
The kids walked past me onto the bus. One or two said “Hi”. A little girl __6__ a small piece of paper on my lap gently. “This is for you! ” she said.
I absent-mindedly __7__ the folded paper and looked up just in time to see wisps (缕，束) of long blonde hair __8__ down the aisle (过道).
I'd hoped family counseling would help Shayn quit drinking. __9__ at today's session，Shayn was angry. He said kids his age drink __10__ and that his drinking was under control. What hope did we have __11__ Shayn couldn't see that he needed help
I moved to throw the note in the rubbish can near the driver's seat, then __12__. What if the little girl sees you throw her present away I thought. So I __13__ it. Inside was a four-leaf clover (四叶草), along with a message written in a child's hand: “This is filled with __14__.”
As I read the note，my whole body __15__. My thinking changed. I couldn't control Shayn's drinking. There was still hope, even when I didn't know what to do.
I searched my rearview mirror (后视镜) for the child who'd given me the note, but not a single one had long blonde hair.,　
1．A.pulling B．teaching C．greeting D．separating
2．A.gaze B．thought C．brake D．schedule
3．A.cheap B．expensive C．easy D．difficult
4．A.neglected B．hopeless C．abandoned D．homeless
5．A.struggle B．pleasure C．failure D．success
6．A.laid B．covered C．distributed D．returned
7．A.tore B．cut C．grabbed D．recycled
8．A.grow B．hang C．disappear D．emerge
9．A.For B．And C．Or D．But
10．A.sensitively B．socially C．passively D．politely
11．A.unless B．though C．so D．if
12．A.paused B．refused C．left D．explained
13．A.unlocked B．unpacked C．unfolded D．unwrapped
14．A.confidence B．hope C．patience D．courage
15．A.shook B．ached C．shrank D．relaxed
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者因大儿子喝酒问题而心烦时，一个女孩的小纸条给予了作者希望。
1．答案：C　解析：根据下文“One or two said‘Hi’．”可知，作者喜欢和上车的孩子打招呼(greet)。
2．答案：A　解析：根据空后“straight ahead”可知，这里指作者凝视(gaze)着前方。brake刹车；schedule安排。
3．答案：D　解析：根据下文“What hope did we have __11__ Shayn couldn't see that he needed help？”可知，作者的大儿子意识不到自己的错误，所以说这次家庭辅导是很困难的(difficult)。
4．答案：B　解析：根据下文“There was still hope，even when I didn't know what to do.”可知，作者起初感到绝望(hopeless)。
5．答案：B　解析：根据上文“Shayn was intelligent”可知，儿子肖恩很聪明，所以养育他是一件乐事(pleasure)。
6．答案：A　解析：根据“a small piece of paper on my lap gently”可知，小女孩把小纸条放(lay)在作者的腿上。
7．答案：C　解析：这里指作者心不在焉地抓起(grab)这张折叠的纸条。
8．答案：C　解析：作者抬头一看，刚好看见一缕缕金色长发消失(disappear)在过道尽头。emerge浮现。
9．答案：D　解析：根据句意可知前后句之间为转折关系，故but符合语境。
10．答案：B　解析：根据“and that his drinking was under control”可知，肖恩认为他喝酒只是社交(socially)的需要。sensitively谨慎细致地，小心地；passively被动地；politely有礼貌地。
11．答案：D　解析：根据“what hope did we have”可知，这里是条件状语从句。如果(if)肖恩意识不到他需要帮助，就看不到希望。
12．答案：A　解析：根据下文“What if the little girl sees you throw her present away？”可知，作者担心女孩看到自己扔掉她送的礼物而停(pause)了下来。
13．答案：C　解析：根据“Inside was a four leaf clover，along with a message written in a child's hand：‘This is filled with __14__．’”可知，作者最终还是展开(unfold)了折叠的纸条。
14．答案：B　解析：根据上文“I inside was a four leaf clover”和常识可知，四叶草代表了幸运和希望(hope)。下文“There was still hope...”也是提示。
15．答案：D　解析：根据“My thinking changed.”可知，作者放松(relax)下来了。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Dr. John Wilkins was a natural philosopher who lived from 1614 to 1672. He was crazy about getting to the Moon and meeting the people who surely lived there. Wilkins believed that anything as Earth-like as the Moon must have been created by God for living beings, and he was determined to meet them—despite the fact that he was three centuries ahead of his time.
In the 1600s, the scientific understanding of gravity and outer space was limited. Wilkins believed, like many 17th-century scientists, that there was no difference between the atmosphere of the Earth and the conditions in space, and that Earth's pull was due to magnetism (磁力). It was only reasonable, then, that Wilkins believed a two-wheeled horse-drawn battle car with wings with enough speed could lift high enough off the ground to break free of Earth's magnetic pull and reach the Moon.
Then Wilkins moved on to more pressing issues with his remarkable ability to think of new ideas: How would travelers feed themselves during the journey He theorized that the main cause of hunger was simply the act of working against gravity, so getting to the Moon without being burdened by it would be able to be realized. There was some knowledge at that time about the fact that air gets thinner and colder the higher up you go, but he had a fix for that too, “moistened sponges (湿润的海绵) might help us against its thinness”．
By studying the way in which birds fly, which also happened to be part of the studies that led to planes and rockets centuries later, Wilkins put his theory to the test with the help of a colleague, Robert Hooke. Neither of the two ever recorded their attempts, but it's somewhat safe to say that it didn't work out. Hooke himself may have been the reason he gave up hope, in fact, since he was part of the team that discovered space was a place without oxygen.
1．What do we know about Dr. John Wilkins
A．He dreamed of landing on the Moon.
B．He wrote about people living on the Moon.
C．He urged the public to know more about space.
D．He had a rich knowledge of space in the 1670s.
答案：A　
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，John Wilkins博士梦想着登上月球。故选A。
2．Which of the following might Wilkins agree with
A．The air on the Moon is not fit for human beings.
B．People don't need to eat things on the Moon.
C．Earth's magnetism can be changed easily.
D．Oxygen doesn't exist in outer space.
答案：B　
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，Wilkins认同人们在月球上不需要吃东西这一观点。故选B。
3．What can be concluded from Paragraphs 2 & 3
A．Wilkins had prepared a lot in theory.
B．Wilkins was ready for his Moon-landing.
C．Wilkins made a great contribution to philosophy.
D．Wilkins was the greatest natural philosopher in history.
答案：A　
解析：推理判断题。根据第二、三段可推知，Wilkins在理论上做了很多准备。故选A。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To honor a great scientist.
B．To encourage studies on outer space.
C．To introduce an early attempt of Moon-landing.
D．To inform people of the knowledge about the universe.
答案：C　
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者的目的是介绍早期的登月尝试。故选C。(共44张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Writing——写一篇关于太空生活的日记
01. Part Ⅰ　文体感知
02. Part Ⅱ　Writing a journal entry about living in space
03.课时作业（二十四）
内容
索引
01. Part Ⅰ　文体感知
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
The passage is mainly about______________________________.
a journey entry living in space
Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达
主题 Living in space
见闻 In space, even the most straightforward, everyday tasks can be quite ①________.
...Astronauts need to... To keep themselves clean, the astronauts...
感受 Imagine what would ②________ if they caught a cold and started to sneeze.
difficult
happen
Ⅲ.知识点
fetch v．(去)拿来，找求
(教材原句)A Vacuum cleaner also comes in handy for fetching items that are floating around out-of-reach!
吸尘器也可以方便地取出漂浮在够不到的地方的物品！
Could you fetch me the tape/fetch the tape for me from my drawer？你能帮我把抽屉里的磁带拿来吗？
Quick! Go and fetch a doctor.快！去请医生来。
She's gone to fetch the kids from school.她去学校接孩子了。
fetch sb. sth.＝fetch sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物
fetch sb.from sth. 去某地接某人
[辨析比较]
bring “带来；拿来”→(由远而近)；
take “带去；拿去”→(由近而远)；
fetch “去拿来，去请来”→(由近而远，再由远而近，指往返动作)。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①你去另一个房间帮我把眼镜拿过来好吗？
Could you ______________________________ from the other room, please
fetch me my glasses/fetch my glasses for me
②我得去车站接我母亲。
I have to ______________________________________________．
③本生病了，快去请医生来。
Ben is ill. Go and ____________________________________ quickly.
④请到隔壁房间去拿一张扶手椅给她。
Please _______________________ from the next room.
fetch my mother from the station
fetch a doctor
fetch an armchair for her
识记下列重要短语,
①in space在太空中
②on board a spacecraft 在宇宙飞船上
③on a regular basis定期地
④more or less 或多或少
⑤in liquid form 以液体的形式
⑥carry out执行，实施
⑦focus on 把焦点集中在……
02. Part Ⅱ　Writing a journal entry about living in space
1．篇章结构
第一部分：交代事件的基本情况，如时间、地点及参加人员等(常用过去时)；
第二部分：描述事件的过程及所见所闻(常用过去时)；
第三部分：简述自己的收获及感想(当时的感想常用过去时，对将来的影响常用将来时)。
2．常用表达
?...participated in a visit to... organised by our class.
……参加了由我们班组织的参观……的活动。
?...reached there by...at around...o'clock.
……在大约……点钟，乘坐……到达那里。
?...were absorbed in a brief introduction about...关于……的简介吸引了……
?We set out to explore...我们开始探索……
?
...were immersed in...related to...
……沉浸于有关……(的活动中)。
?I benefited a lot from...……使我受益匪浅。
?Not only did it broaden my horizons，but it also made me take pride in...它不仅开阔了我的眼界，而且让我为……感到自豪。
?What an unforgettable experience it was!这是一次多么难忘的经历啊！
?I learnt a lot from...我从……中学到了很多。
?...made me proud of...and opened my eyes to...
……使我为……感到骄傲，还让我了解了……
?I will never forget it!我永远不会忘记(这次经历)！
典题演练
你的朋友Jim给你来信，想通过你所观看的太空生活影片和新闻报道来了解宇航员，请根据提示信息，介绍一下你的观点：
1．宇航员漂浮使骨头开始变得又软又薄；
2．在太空中，没有重力的牵引，血液会流向上半身和头部；
3．宇航员回到地球必须休息，以便他们的身体有时间制造新的血液和水。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
谋篇布局
遣词造句
完成句子
1．他们的腿不怎么活动，他们的下背部开始失去力量。
They do not use their legs much and their lower backs begin to ________________．
2．这种情况导致骨头变得脆弱和薄。
This _____________________ and thin.
lose strength
causes the bones to get weak
3．这对宇航员的身体非常不利。
It ______________ astronauts' bodies.
4．在太空中，没有重力的牵引，血液会流向上半身和头部。
In space, without ________________， the blood moves to the upper body and head.
is very bad for
the pull of gravity
句式升级
5．用非谓语动词和非限制性定语从句合并1、2、3句。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They do not use their legs much and their lower backs begin to lose strength, causing the bones to get weak and thin, which is very bad for astronauts' bodies.
完美成篇
Dear Jim，
I'm writing to introduce to you how the astronauts stay healthy in space.
Living in space is not the same as living on Earth. In space, astronauts float. They do not use their legs much and their lower backs begin to lose strength, causing the bones to get weak and thin, which is very bad for astronauts' bodies.
The heart and blood change in space, too. In space, without the pull of gravity, the blood moves to the upper body and head. When the astronauts come back to Earth, the astronauts have to rest so their bodies have time to make new blood and water. If they don't, they can feel very weak. They might even faint!
Hoping you can have a knowledge of the life in space.
Yours，
Li Hua
03.课时作业（二十四）
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As far as I am concerned, employment decisions shouldn't be based on wrong ________ (想法) about age.
2．With the rapid development of science and technology, online shopping has become a(n) ____________ (普通的) thing in our country.
3．The rain made it a little easier for fire ________ (人员) attempting to carry out controlled burning operations.
4．Robert was doing his homework at home when he heard someone ________ (尖叫) for help outside.
notions
unexceptional
crew
screaming
5．He was ________ (中止) because of the decision, which made his fans sad and angry.
6．You are supposed to have ________ (提交) your design last Friday, but you didn't.
7．Glass is used to make eyeglasses, microscopes, ________ (望远镜), and many other extremely useful and necessary objects.
8．William ________ (拿来)a glass of coffee and asked his grandfather to pick up the story.
suspended
submitted
telescopes
fetched
Ⅱ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
become accustomed to, cast a shadow on, call to，be composed of, after all, focus on
1．Jordan was injured in the training, which ____________ every player's heart.
2．Feelings like fear help us avoid danger, ______________， while sadness might help prevent future mistakes.
cast a shadow on
after all
3．Most developed nations have become dependent on digital technology simply because they've __________________ it.
4．The accident ____________ the public, reminding them that wild animals are part of nature.
5．Naomi's first story for me __________________ a few simple sentences, but over the school years her writing skills began to blossom.
6．Believe in yourself that you can pass the exam. Don't ____________ how bad it would be for you if you performed poorly.
become accustomed to
called to
was composed of
focus on
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．所有出席这个节日的人都在等待主席宣布结果，他们的心提到了嗓子眼里。
All the people present at the festival are waiting for the chairman to announce the result, ________________________．
2．南希正要问她的朋友是怎么回事，这时她看到那个家伙刚好站在她面前。
Nancy ________________________ her friend what was the matter when she saw the guy standing in front of her.
their heart in their mouths
was about to ask
3．在一些人看来，在太空旅行跟去地球上的一个地方度假一样安全。
In the opinion of some people, travelling in space is ____________________ going to a place on Earth for their holidays.
4．毫无疑问，玛雅文明在当时是先进的。
_________________________________ the Maya civilisation was advanced at that time.
no more dangerous than
There was never any doubt that
5．不管你有多擅长它，如果它不再有趣，你就不会再想做了。
____________________ at it you are, if it stops being fun, you won't want to do it anymore.
6．他太骄傲了，从来不听任何劝告。
So proud ________________________ that he never listened to any advice.
No matter how good
was he
阅读理解
A
A new study says a mysterious, cookie-shaped object that entered our solar system likely broke off from a distant planet. Arizona State University's astronomers reported earlier this month that the strange 45-meter object appeared to be made of frozen nitrogen.
The study's writers, Alan Jackson and Steven Desch, think a powerful force knocked a piece off an icy nitrogen-covered planet 500 million years ago. The piece was pushed out of its own star system toward ours. The reddish object is believed to be much different from its original self, with outer parts greatly affected by radiation and the sun.
The object is called Oumuamua, a Hawaiian word that means “messenger from afar”. It is named after the observatory in Hawaii that discovered it in 2017. Oumuamua was first seen as only a small bit of light millions of kilometers away. It was found to have come from beyond our solar system because its path suggested it was not orbiting the sun or anything else.
The only other object confirmed to have come from another star system into our own is the comet (彗星) 2I/Borisov, discovered in 2019.
Oumuamua looked like an asteroid but sped along like a comet. Unlike a comet, however，it did not have a visible tail. Scientists could not agree on whether it was an asteroid or a comet. Some even suggested it may have been linked to alien life.
Oumuamua is now more than 3.2 billion kilometers away and too small to be seen, even by the Hubble Space Telescope. As a result, Jackson said, “Astronomers will need to depend on the original observations to continue studying it.”
Desch noted that the object will continue to become thinner as it moves through space. He said in an email that by the time Oumuamua starts leaving our solar system around 2040, it will be “as flat as a pancake”．
1．What made scientists believe Oumuamua comes from outside the solar system
A．Its small size. B．Its unique shape.
C．Its moving speed. D．Its travelling route.
答案：D　
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“It was found to have come from beyond our solar system because its path suggested it was not orbiting the sun or anything else.”可知，Oumuamua被发现来自太阳系之外是因为它的运行轨迹表明它没有围绕太阳或其他任何东西运行。即它的运行轨迹使科学家们认为它来自太阳系之外。
2．What do Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov have in common
A．They are asteroids.
B．They have a visible tail.
C．They were discovered in the same year.
D．They come from beyond the solar system.
答案：D　
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，除了Oumuamua外，唯一被证实来自另一个星系的天体是在2019年发现的2I/Borisov彗星。所以二者都来自太阳系之外。
3．What will happen to Oumuamua in the future
A．It will go around our solar system.
B．It will disappear in our solar system.
C．It will be farther and farther away from us.
D．It will return near enough to be observed.
答案：C　
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“He said in an email that by the time Oumuamua starts leaving our solar system around 2040, it will be‘as flat as a pancake’．”可知，到2040年左右Oumuamua开始离开我们的太阳系时，它将“像薄饼一样平坦”，即它会离我们越来越远。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Outer Space Object Is a Cookie-shaped Part of a Planet
B．A Broken Space Object May Have Linked to Alien Life
C．Outer Space Objects Frequently Visit the Solar System
D．An Object in Outer Space Narrowly Missed the Earth
答案：A　
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段的第一句可知，进入太阳系的一个神秘的饼干形状的物体可能是从一个遥远的行星上脱离出来的，这是文章谈论的主题。
B
Scientists have created a new map that aims to identify the best sources of water on Mars. Water is considered a critical resource to support future exploration activities on Mars. Scientists believe the Red Planet contains large amounts of water. But searching from Earth for the best supplies is not easy.
The American space agency NASA has worked for years to identify the best spots for such water. Most of the water on Mars subsists as ice because of extremely cold temperatures.A new study describes and provides detailed mapping for the most likely areas to contain water ice. It is part of a project called Subsurface Water Ice Mapping, or SWIM.
NASA says the SWIM project combines 20 years of data collected by several of the agency's Mars explorers. Researchers at the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona, are leading the research, with support from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California.
Richard Davis leads NASA's efforts to find resources on Mars in preparation for sending humans to the Red Planet. He said the identification of water sources on Mars could also help in the search for life, which would likely be found near the water.
The map identifies two specific areas on Mars where subsurface ice could likely be found. The first sits among plains in an area known as Arcadia Planitia. Scientists believe the area was formed by ancient volcanic flows. The other contains glacier-filled lowlands in an area called Deuteronilus Mensae.
NASA says it plans to use the new research to prepare for discussions with top experts to examine possible human landing areas on Mars.
Additional mapping efforts in the 2020s could help make human missions to Mars possible as early as the 2030s. For now, NASA officials plan to keep searching for the best place on Mars to send astronauts so they will have enough local water-ice resources to support their activities.
5．What is the new map of Mars related to
A．Soil. B．Water.
C．Temperature. D．Atmosphere.
答案：B　
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“Scientists have created a new map that aims to identify the best sources of water on Mars.”可知，科学家们绘制了一幅新的地图，旨在确定火星上最好的水源。即这幅新地图与水有关。
6．What does the underlined word “subsists” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Exists. B．Lasts.
C．Sinks. D．Crashes.
答案：A　
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的as ice because of extremely cold temperatures可知，由于温度极低，火星上的大部分水都以冰的形式存在。此处subsists的意思是“存在”，与exists是同义词。
7．How do researchers carry out the SWIM project
A．By sending astronauts to Mars.
B．By using an advanced space telescope.
C．By using information gathered before.
D．By launching a new unmanned spacecraft.
答案：C　
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“NASA says the SWIM project combines 20 years of data collected by several of the agency's Mars explorers.”可知，美国国家航空航天局表示，“地下水冰测绘”项目结合了该机构几个火星探险器20年来收集的数据，即使用以前收集的资料从事研究。
8．What is NASA's current mission about Mars exploration
A．To send humans to Mars.
B．To search for life on Mars.
C．To plan astronaut activities on Mars.
D．To confirm the best Mars landing site.
答案：D　
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句的内容可知，目前，美国国家航空航天局官员计划继续寻找火星上最适合宇航员着陆的地方，这样他们就有足够的当地水冰资源来支持他们的活动，即美国国家航空航天局当前的任务是确定最好的火星着陆点。Section Ⅱ　Using language
要点精研·探究学习
1)submit vt.递交；呈递(文件等)　vi. & vt.同意服从；屈服；投降　submission n．屈服；提交(物)，呈递)
(教材原句)Submit a three-minute video...
提交一段三分钟的视频……
submit an application/a claim
呈递申请书/书面要求
I shall submit the report to the chairman.
我将把报告提交给主席。
She refused to submit to threats.
她面对威胁，拒不低头。
He submitted himself to a search by the guards.
他只好让卫兵搜查。
They prepared a report for submission to the council.
他们准备了一份报告要提交给理事会。
submit...to... 把……提交给……
submit to... 顺从于……(to是介词)
submit oneself to... 使自己顺从于……(to是介词)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We will submit ourselves ________ your arrangement.
②All important problems must ________ (submit) to the committee.
③No country would submit to ________ (control) by another country.
完成句子
④昨天他们把报告交给了老师。
They ________ their reports ________ the teacher yesterday.
⑤法律曾要求女性服从自己的丈夫。
The law required that a woman ________ herself to her husband.
⑥你要上交一篇100字左右的摘要。
You are asked ________ an abstract of approximately 100 words.
2)make contact with与……取得联系(＝get in touch with))
(教材原句)Will people ever make contact with life on other planets？人们会与其他星球上的生命取得联系吗？
I finally made contact with her in Paris.
我最终在巴黎与她取得了联系。
I have kept in contact with my relatives by telephone.
我一直与亲戚保持着电话联系。
I lost contact with my close friend several years ago.
几年前我和我的好朋友失去了联系。
have contact with 与……有联系
keep in contact/touch with 与……保持联系
lose contact/touch with 与……失去联系
come into contact with 与……接触
[即学即练]　完成句子
①We decided to ________________ (与……取得联系) the famous soloist in the city to raise money for the Project Hope.
②I ________________ (与……失去联系) Sarah ten years ago when she went to live in Australia.
③I still ________________ (与……保持联系) her—we write a couple of times every year.
3)sigh up报名)
(教材原句)Sign up for our space programme now...
现在就报名参加我们的太空计划吧……
She's signed up for evening classes at the community college.她已经报名参加社区大学夜间课程的学习。
I've signed up to make the sandwiches for the party.
我已报名为聚会做三明治。
sign up for 报名参加……
sign up to do sth. 报名做某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We highly recommend that you sign up ________ the course in our department.
②You want users ________ (sign) up for your service, so make it as easy for them as possible.
③I took a deep breath, and I signed up ________ (play), and I felt pretty good.
4)(教材原句)So great was the distance from Earth that it would/shall need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination.从地球到土星的距离是如此之远，以至于它将需要航行近6年才能到达目的地。)
[句式解构]
这是一个倒装句。在so/such...that...结构中，so/such...置于句首时，要用部分倒装结构。
so...that...中so...位于句首引起部分倒装
So cold is it that you can't go outside.
天气太冷了，你不能出去。
So well have the kids done that they deserve our praise and thanks.
孩子们做得那么好，值得我们的表扬和感谢。
Such a complex problem is it that I find it hard to solve.
这是一个如此复杂的问题，以至于我发现它很难解决。
[学法点拨]
such...that...中such...位于句首时也引起部分倒装。
[即学即练]　改为倒装句
①The attack was so sudden that the enemy had no time to escape.
→________________ that the enemy had no time to escape.
②It was so noisy that we couldn't hear ourselves speak.
→________________ that we couldn't hear ourselves speak.
③It was such a small room that the bed only just fit.
→________________ that the bed only just fit.
识记下列重要知识点,
①awesome adj.很好的，了不起的
②simulated adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→simulate v．模仿→simulation n．模仿→simulator n．模拟器，(用于人员训练的)模拟装置
③lifelike adj. (图画，模型等)生动的，逼真的→vivid adj.生动的，逼真的，清晰的
④collide with...　　和……相撞/冲突
⑤bring...back to one's attention 使……重新引起某人的注意
⑥make the most of 充分利用
⑦apply for 申请
情态动词
语法新知·衔接课堂
一、语法现象感知
①Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that could go wrong.
②With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
③“I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take-off on TV at school，” said one student.
④The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
二、语法规则理解
1．句①中的could表示________，可能……。
2．句②中的might have done是对________发生的事情的不是很肯定的推测。
3．句③中的can表示________。
4．句④中意为“必须；一定”，表示________或义务等。
语法探究·核心突破
1.情态动词主要有：can, could, be able to, may, might, will, would, used to, shall, should, ought to, must, have to, need, dare等。
2．情态动词的基本用法：
(1)can, could和be able to的用法
①表示能力，意为“会，能……”。
②表示请求、许可，意为“可以……”。相当于may。
③表示客观可能性，意为“有时候会……”。
④表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，意为“究竟、难道会”。
How can you speak to your mother in a rude manner
你怎么能对你妈妈讲话如此粗鲁呢？
⑤can not/never...too...或cannot...enough意为“无论怎么……也不过分；越……越好；非常……”。
One cannot be too careful/careful enough.
一个人越认真越好。
⑥be able to do sth.表示利用能力做成某事。
He was able to finish the task by himself.
他能自己完成那项工作。
(2)may和might的用法
①表示允许、许可，意为“可以”。否定回答用mustn't，表示“禁止、阻止”；但也可以用may not表示“不可以”。
②构成固定短语may/might well/easily，意为“很可能……”。
(3)will, would和used to的用法
①would表示过去习惯发生的动作，意为“(从前)常常，经常”。
②will/would还表示意愿。
③won't/wouldn't还表示……打不开、关不上或发动不起来等。
My car won't start. There must be something wrong.
我的车启动不起来。它一定是出毛病了。
④used to表示过去常常做某事，但现在不再做了；其否定形式：used not to/didn't use to；一般疑问形式；Did＋主语＋use to＋动词原形＋其他；特殊疑问形式；特殊疑问词＋did＋主语＋use to＋动词原形。
(4)shall, should和ought to的用法
①shall用于疑问句中，与第一、三人称连用，表示提建议、征求对方的意见或请求指示等。
②shall用于陈述句中，与第二、三人称连用，表示说话人的命令、警告、强制、允诺、威胁或决心等以及用于法律、规则中等。
③should/ought to表示建议、责任、义务时，意为“应该”。
④should表示惊讶、遗憾、赞叹、不满等情绪时，意为“竟然；居然”。
(5)must和have to的用法
①must表示义务、命令、必要性等，意为“必须，得，要”。
②mustn't表示“禁止，不许”，与may not同义。
③must表示固执、不满等，意为“偏偏，硬要；偏要”。
④have to不得不……；don't have to不必；没必要。
(6)need/dare
①need作为情态动词，意为“需要”，后接省to不定式，多用于否定句和疑问句中，且只有现在时。
②在回答need的疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't/don't have to。
③need作为实义动词，意为“需要”且主语跟need后的动词构成逻辑上的被动关系时，need后接doing或to be done。doing表达被动含义。
The room is so dirty. It needs cleaning/to be cleaned.这屋子很脏，需要打扫了。
④dare作为情态动词，意为“敢，敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。后接省to不定式，其过去式为dared。
⑤dare作为实义动词，后接带to不定式；在否定句和疑问句中to可以省略。
3．情态动词表示推测
(1)must表示推测时，意为“一定”，用于肯定句中。后接动词原形是对现在情况的推测。
Bob is very fat. He must like food which contains a lot of fat.
鲍伯很胖。他一定喜欢吃富含脂肪的食品。
(2)can和could表示推测时，意为“可能”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。后接动词原形是对现在情况的推测。
That man can't be John, because he is on business in Hong Kong at present.
那名男子不可能是约翰，因为他目前正在香港谈生意。
(3)may和might表示推测时，意为“可能”，可用于肯定句、疑问句或否定句中。后接动词原形是对现在情况的推测。
—Are you going to attend Mary's graduation party
—I'm not sure. I may/might have no time then.
——你打算参加玛丽的毕业典礼吗？
——我不能确定。我那个时候可能没时间。
(4)should/ought to表示推测时，意为“理应，应该”，表示某个情况是合理的，符合逻辑的。可用于肯定句、疑问句或否定句中。
Those children left school at four o'clock. They should/ought to be at home by now.
那些孩子们是四点钟离开学校的。他们现在应该在家里了。
(微点拨)　按照推测可能性大小排列如下：,must>can>could>may>might
4．情态动词＋have done的用法
(1)must have done表示对过去发生的情况的推测，只用于肯定句中。
Tom went out to play football. He must have finished his homework.
汤姆出去踢足球去了。他一定是完成作业了。
(2)can have done和could have done的用法
①can/could have done表示对过去发生的情况的推测，用于否定句和疑问句中。
②could have done表示过去本来能做某事，但实际上并未做。
You could have won the first prize in this competition, but you were too nervous.
你本来能在竞赛获得第一名的，但你太紧张了。
(3)may have done和might have done的用法
①may have done和might have done都可用于对过去发生的事情的推测，可用于肯定句中。
Mr Lee wasn't punctual for the meeting. He might have been caught in the traffic jam.
李先生没有按时参加会议。他可能是遇上了交通堵塞了。
②might have done表示本来可能做某事，但实际上未做，其程度比could小。
You might have met Yao Ming in the stadium, but you came late.
你本来可能会在体育场见到姚明的，但你来晚了。
(4)should have done和ought to have done都表示本来应该做某事，但实际上未做。
You shouldn't have shouted at your parents yesterday. You must have been crazy.
你昨天不应该对你的父母大喊的。你一定是疯了。
(5)needn't have done的用法
needn't have done表示本来没必要做某事，但实际上做了。
As it was a small house party, we needn't have dressed up so formally.结果只是个小型的家庭聚会，我们没必要穿得那么正式。
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Several innovative ideas are experimented with ________ (模拟的) devices in the institute.
2．This ________ (模拟装置) is designed to test the difficult problems of the astronomy.
3．This ________ (逼真的) statue in the old temple amazed all the viewers.
4．All the applicants should ________ (提交) their application written by hand to the chairwoman.
5．The fact that so many persons obtained the bonus is ________ (了不起的).
Ⅱ.短语填空
make contact with, be likely to, have the chance to, be founded in, bring...back to public attention, sign up for, take part in, collide with
1．The ambitious trainee ________________ the manager after thinking twice.
2．This investigation about food safety conducted by the chairman last month ________________ that well-known company ________________．
3．The commercial expo enables fans of religious murals to ________________ appreciate this glorious culture.
4．Those freshmen ________________ English Drama Club enthusiastically when they knew that the club was recruiting new members.
5．This institute ________________ 1980 to study I Ching and The Analects.
6．The manager ________________ abuse his power for lack of supervision.
7．Ultimately, only 3 qualified historians ________________ the study of The Analects.
8．What he says ________________ what he does, which exceeds what others expect of him.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Jim says we ________ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
2．The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he ________ learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
3．When she had time, she ________ bring food and medicine to them.
4．I wonder if parents ________ always tell the truth no matter the consequences.
5．Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some principles you ________ master.
6．Rather than getting caught up in how you could ________ (do) better, why not offer yourself a compassionate response
7．Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must ________ (practise) many times last week.
8．It's strange that he ________ have taken the books without the owner's permission.
9．In today's information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company.
10．For example, you ________ want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough.
Section Ⅱ　Using language
要点精研·探究学习
1．①to　②be submitted　③being controlled　④submitted; to　⑤(should) submit　⑥to submit
2．①make contact with/get in touch with　②lost contact/touch with　③keep in contact/touch with
3．①for　②to sign　③to play
4．①So sudden was the attack　②So noisy was it　③Such a small room was it
情态动词
语法新知·衔接课堂
二、
1．推测　2.过去　3.能力　4.责任
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．simulated　2.simulator　3.lifelike　4.submit　5.awesome
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．made contact with　2.brought; back to public attention　3.have the chance to　4.signed up for　5.was founded in　6.is likely to　7.took part in　8.collides with
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．can/may　2.could　3.would　4.should　5.must　6.have done　7.have practised　8.should　9.can　10.may(共78张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
01.要点精研·探究学习
02.语法新知·衔接课堂
03.课时达标·随堂自测
04.课时作业（二十二）
内容
索引
01.要点精研·探究学习
1)submit vt.递交；呈递(文件等)　vi. & vt.同意服从；屈服；投降　submission n．屈服；提交(物)，呈递)
(教材原句)Submit a three-minute video...
提交一段三分钟的视频……
submit an application/a claim
呈递申请书/书面要求
I shall submit the report to the chairman.
我将把报告提交给主席。
She refused to submit to threats.
她面对威胁，拒不低头。
He submitted himself to a search by the guards.
他只好让卫兵搜查。
They prepared a report for submission to the council.
他们准备了一份报告要提交给理事会。
submit...to... 把……提交给……
submit to... 顺从于……(to是介词)
submit oneself to... 使自己顺从于……(to是介词)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We will submit ourselves ________ your arrangement.
②All important problems must ___________ (submit) to the committee.
③No country would submit to ______________ (control) by another country.
to
be submitted
being controlled
完成句子
④昨天他们把报告交给了老师。
They ________ their reports ________ the teacher yesterday.
⑤法律曾要求女性服从自己的丈夫。
The law required that a woman _____________ herself to her husband.
⑥你要上交一篇100字左右的摘要。
You are asked ________ an abstract of approximately 100 words.
to
submitted
(should) submit
to submit
2)make contact with与……取得联系(＝get in touch with))
(教材原句)Will people ever make contact with life on other planets？人们会与其他星球上的生命取得联系吗？
I finally made contact with her in Paris.
我最终在巴黎与她取得了联系。
I have kept in contact with my relatives by telephone.
我一直与亲戚保持着电话联系。
I lost contact with my close friend several years ago.
几年前我和我的好朋友失去了联系。
have contact with 与……有联系
keep in contact/touch with 与……保持联系
lose contact/touch with 与……失去联系
come into contact with 与……接触
[即学即练]　完成句子
①We decided to ____________________________ (与……取得联系) the famous soloist in the city to raise money for the Project Hope.
②I ________________ (与……失去联系) Sarah ten years ago when she went to live in Australia.
③I still _______________________ (与……保持联系) her—we write a couple of times every year.
make contact with/get in touch with
lost contact/touch with
keep in contact/touch with
3)sigh up报名)
(教材原句)Sign up for our space programme now...
现在就报名参加我们的太空计划吧……
She's signed up for evening classes at the community college.她已经报名参加社区大学夜间课程的学习。
I've signed up to make the sandwiches for the party.
我已报名为聚会做三明治。
sign up for 报名参加……
sign up to do sth. 报名做某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We highly recommend that you sign up ________ the course in our department.
②You want users ________ (sign) up for your service, so make it as easy for them as possible.
③I took a deep breath, and I signed up ________ (play), and I felt pretty good.
for
to sign
to play
4)(教材原句)So great was the distance from Earth that it would/shall need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination.从地球到土星的距离是如此之远，以至于它将需要航行近6年才能到达目的地。)
[句式解构]
这是一个倒装句。在so/such...that...结构中，so/such...置于句首时，要用部分倒装结构。
so...that...中so...位于句首引起部分倒装
So cold is it that you can't go outside.
天气太冷了，你不能出去。
So well have the kids done that they deserve our praise and thanks.
孩子们做得那么好，值得我们的表扬和感谢。
Such a complex problem is it that I find it hard to solve.
这是一个如此复杂的问题，以至于我发现它很难解决。
[学法点拨]
such...that...中such...位于句首时也引起部分倒装。
[即学即练]　改为倒装句
①The attack was so sudden that the enemy had no time to escape.
→______________________ that the enemy had no time to escape.
②It was so noisy that we couldn't hear ourselves speak.
→______________________ that we couldn't hear ourselves speak.
③It was such a small room that the bed only just fit.
→______________________ that the bed only just fit.
So sudden was the attack
So noisy was it
Such a small room was it
识记下列重要知识点,
①awesome adj.很好的，了不起的
②simulated adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→simulate v．模仿→simulation n．模仿→simulator n．模拟器，(用于人员训练的)模拟装置
③lifelike adj. (图画，模型等)生动的，逼真的→vivid adj.生动的，逼真的，清晰的
④collide with...　　和……相撞/冲突
⑤bring...back to one's attention 使……重新引起某人的注意
⑥make the most of 充分利用
⑦apply for 申请
情态动词
语法新知·衔接课堂
一、语法现象感知
①Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that could go wrong.
②With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
③“I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take-off on TV at school，” said one student.
④The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
二、语法规则理解
1．句①中的could表示________，可能……。
2．句②中的might have done是对________发生的事情的不是很肯定的推测。
3．句③中的can表示________。
4．句④中意为“必须；一定”，表示________或义务等。
推测
过去
能力
责任
02.语法新知·衔接课堂
1.情态动词主要有：can, could, be able to, may, might, will, would, used to, shall, should, ought to, must, have to, need, dare等。
2．情态动词的基本用法：
(1)can, could和be able to的用法
①表示能力，意为“会，能……”。
②表示请求、许可，意为“可以……”。相当于may。
③表示客观可能性，意为“有时候会……”。
④表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，意为“究竟、难道会”。
How can you speak to your mother in a rude manner
你怎么能对你妈妈讲话如此粗鲁呢？
⑤can not/never...too...或cannot...enough意为“无论怎么……也不过分；越……越好；非常……”。
One cannot be too careful/careful enough.
一个人越认真越好。
⑥be able to do sth.表示利用能力做成某事。
He was able to finish the task by himself.
他能自己完成那项工作。
(2)may和might的用法
①表示允许、许可，意为“可以”。否定回答用mustn't，表示“禁止、阻止”；但也可以用may not表示“不可以”。
②构成固定短语may/might well/easily，意为“很可能……”。
(3)will, would和used to的用法
①would表示过去习惯发生的动作，意为“(从前)常常，经常”。
②will/would还表示意愿。
③won't/wouldn't还表示……打不开、关不上或发动不起来等。
My car won't start. There must be something wrong.
我的车启动不起来。它一定是出毛病了。
④used to表示过去常常做某事，但现在不再做了；其否定形式：used not to/didn't use to；一般疑问形式；Did＋主语＋use to＋动词原形＋其他；特殊疑问形式；特殊疑问词＋did＋主语＋use to＋动词原形。
(4)shall, should和ought to的用法
①shall用于疑问句中，与第一、三人称连用，表示提建议、征求对方的意见或请求指示等。
②shall用于陈述句中，与第二、三人称连用，表示说话人的命令、警告、强制、允诺、威胁或决心等以及用于法律、规则中等。
③should/ought to表示建议、责任、义务时，意为“应该”。
④should表示惊讶、遗憾、赞叹、不满等情绪时，意为“竟然；居然”。
(5)must和have to的用法
①must表示义务、命令、必要性等，意为“必须，得，要”。
②mustn't表示“禁止，不许”，与may not同义。
③must表示固执、不满等，意为“偏偏，硬要；偏要”。
④have to不得不……；don't have to不必；没必要。
(6)need/dare
①need作为情态动词，意为“需要”，后接省to不定式，多用于否定句和疑问句中，且只有现在时。
②在回答need的疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't/don't have to。
③need作为实义动词，意为“需要”且主语跟need后的动词构成逻辑上的被动关系时，need后接doing或to be done。doing表达被动含义。
The room is so dirty. It needs cleaning/to be cleaned.这屋子很脏，需要打扫了。
④dare作为情态动词，意为“敢，敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。后接省to不定式，其过去式为dared。
⑤dare作为实义动词，后接带to不定式；在否定句和疑问句中to可以省略。
3．情态动词表示推测
(1)must表示推测时，意为“一定”，用于肯定句中。后接动词原形是对现在情况的推测。
Bob is very fat. He must like food which contains a lot of fat.
鲍伯很胖。他一定喜欢吃富含脂肪的食品。
(2)can和could表示推测时，意为“可能”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。后接动词原形是对现在情况的推测。
That man can't be John, because he is on business in Hong Kong at present.
那名男子不可能是约翰，因为他目前正在香港谈生意。
(3)may和might表示推测时，意为“可能”，可用于肯定句、疑问句或否定句中。后接动词原形是对现在情况的推测。
—Are you going to attend Mary's graduation party
—I'm not sure. I may/might have no time then.
——你打算参加玛丽的毕业典礼吗？
——我不能确定。我那个时候可能没时间。
(4)should/ought to表示推测时，意为“理应，应该”，表示某个情况是合理的，符合逻辑的。可用于肯定句、疑问句或否定句中。
Those children left school at four o'clock. They should/ought to be at home by now.
那些孩子们是四点钟离开学校的。他们现在应该在家里了。
(微点拨)　按照推测可能性大小排列如下：,must>can>could>may>might
4．情态动词＋have done的用法
(1)must have done表示对过去发生的情况的推测，只用于肯定句中。
Tom went out to play football. He must have finished his homework.
汤姆出去踢足球去了。他一定是完成作业了。
(2)can have done和could have done的用法
①can/could have done表示对过去发生的情况的推测，用于否定句和疑问句中。
②could have done表示过去本来能做某事，但实际上并未做。
You could have won the first prize in this competition, but you were too nervous.
你本来能在竞赛获得第一名的，但你太紧张了。
(3)may have done和might have done的用法
①may have done和might have done都可用于对过去发生的事情的推测，可用于肯定句中。
Mr Lee wasn't punctual for the meeting. He might have been caught in the traffic jam.
李先生没有按时参加会议。他可能是遇上了交通堵塞了。
②might have done表示本来可能做某事，但实际上未做，其程度比could小。
You might have met Yao Ming in the stadium, but you came late.
你本来可能会在体育场见到姚明的，但你来晚了。
(4)should have done和ought to have done都表示本来应该做某事，但实际上未做。
You shouldn't have shouted at your parents yesterday. You must have been crazy.
你昨天不应该对你的父母大喊的。你一定是疯了。
(5)needn't have done的用法
needn't have done表示本来没必要做某事，但实际上做了。
As it was a small house party, we needn't have dressed up so formally.结果只是个小型的家庭聚会，我们没必要穿得那么正式。
03.课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Several innovative ideas are experimented with ________ (模拟的) devices in the institute.
2．This ________ (模拟装置) is designed to test the difficult problems of the astronomy.
3．This ________ (逼真的) statue in the old temple amazed all the viewers.
simulated
simulator
lifelike
4．All the applicants should ________ (提交) their application written by hand to the chairwoman.
5．The fact that so many persons obtained the bonus is ________ (了不起的).
submit
awesome
Ⅱ.短语填空
make contact with, be likely to, have the chance to, be founded in, bring...back to public attention, sign up for, take part in, collide with
1．The ambitious trainee ________________ the manager after thinking twice.
2．This investigation about food safety conducted by the chairman last month _____________ that well-known company ________________．
made contact with
brought
back to public attention
3．The commercial expo enables fans of religious murals to ________________ appreciate this glorious culture.
4．Those freshmen ________________ English Drama Club enthusiastically when they knew that the club was recruiting new members.
5．This institute ________________ 1980 to study I Ching and The Analects.
6．The manager ________________ abuse his power for lack of supervision.
have the chance to
signed up for
was founded in
is likely to
7．Ultimately, only 3 qualified historians ________________ the study of The Analects.
8．What he says ________________ what he does, which exceeds what others expect of him.
took part in
collides with
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Jim says we ________ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
2．The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he ________ learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
3．When she had time, she ________ bring food and medicine to them.
4．I wonder if parents ________ always tell the truth no matter the consequences.
can/may
could
would
should
5．Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some principles you ________ master.
6．Rather than getting caught up in how you could ________ (do) better, why not offer yourself a compassionate response
7．Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must ________ (practise) many times last week.
8．It's strange that he ________ have taken the books without the owner's permission.
must
have done
have practised
should
9．In today's information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company.
10．For example, you ________ want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough.
can
may
04.课时作业（二十二）
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The experiments on drilling were carried out under s________ (模拟的) examination conditions.
2．The s________ (模拟器) is also a powerful calculation tool for process engineers to delve.
3．The notable painting painted a hall so l________ (生动的) that a casual observer might believe himself to be looking through an open door.
simulated
simulator
lifelike
4．After thinking twice, he s________ (提交) his proposal for urban development to the city council.
5．As we know, an a________ (了不起的) amount of information is stored and stacked in each video disk.
submitted
awesome
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He could just make out dim figures in the ________ (distant) , which intrigued him a lot.
distance
解析：句意：他能隐约看见远处模糊的人影，这激起了他的兴趣。in the distance表示“在远处，在远方(＝far away)”。
2．Everyone looked astonished when they knew the ________ (amaze) news that notable Apple co-founder Steve Jobs died on Oct. 5.
3．Self-driving cars can learn to drive in the same way that we do, and can make judgements based on ________ (inform).
amazing
解析：句意：当听到卓越的苹果公司联合创始人史蒂夫·乔布斯于10月5日去世的消息时，大家看起来都很震惊。amazing是由现在分词转化而来的形容词，常修饰物。
information
解析：句意：自动驾驶汽车可以像我们一样学习驾驶，并且能根据信息做出判断。根据句式结构，介词on后面跟名词。information n．信息；情报。它是不可数名词。
4．The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their pyramid ________ (explored).
5．After a ________ (drama) pause, the lawyer finished her summation about the shipwreck.
exploration
解析：句意：年轻的科学家们在金字塔探险期间遇到了许多困难。exploration n．探测，勘探，探险；搜索，研究。
dramatic
解析：句意：在戏剧性的沉默之后，这位律师做完了她有关这次沉船的总述。dramatic adj.戏剧的，戏剧性的；引人注目的；突然的；巨大的，在句子中作pause的定语。
Ⅲ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
so far, set out, no wonder, be based on, according to, look into
1．Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual. You will not subdue anxiety if you ________ for a dinner late.
2．He had made a thorough investigation. ________ he knew so much about it.
3．Don't argue about it. I will ________ the matter and then tell you who is right.
set out
No wonder
look into
4．Teaching is equivalent to an art which ________ educational science，technology and experience.
5．________ some evidence, there should be many other civilizations in that big desert.
6．________ we have seen a number of factors have contributed to the company's downfall.
is based on
According to
So far
Ⅳ.语法专练——单句语法填空
1．You ____________________ (dismiss) his working hard for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
2．My vessel is a mess, but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
shouldn't have dismissed
解析：句意：你本不应该因为他表现不佳而否定他的努力。毕竟，他已经尽力了。shouldn't have done sth.“本不应该做某事”，符合语境。
needn't
解析：句意：我的船上很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。needn't不必，不需要。
3．—Lucy doesn't mind lending you her volume.
—She ________. I've already borrowed one.
4．In my opinion, we ____________ (dig) such a large canal, though it was very helpful.
needn't
解析：needn't不必；不需要。根据所提供的情景“I've already borrowed one.”可判断出没有必要再借给“我”。
needn't have dug
解析：句意：在我看来，我们本没必要挖掘这么大的沟渠，尽管它很有用处。“need not have done”表示做了不必做的事。
5．—Can't you stay a little longer
—It's getting late. I really ________ go now. The cyclone is coming.
must
解析：句意：“你不能再多待会儿吗？”“太晚了。我真的必须要走了，旋风就要来了。”由“时间不早了”和“旋风就要来了”这两个条件可以推断出“我”必须要走了。所以填must。
6．—Sorry, Mum! I abandoned the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You ________ have made full preparations.
7．You ________ be Carol. Your appearance hasn't a bit downfall after all these years.
should
解析：句意：“对不起，妈妈！我又放弃了面试。”“噢，太糟糕了。你本应该做充分准备的。”should have done表示对过去的推测，意为“本应该做……”。
must
解析：句意：你一定是卡罗尔，这么多年来你的样貌一点儿都没有变。表示肯定推测要用must。
Ⅴ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1．昨晚一定下雨了，因为运河岸边很泥泞。
It ________________________________，for the bank of the canal is quite muddy.
2．她今天上午在外地做一些调查，她不可能在会议上讲话。
She was making some investigations in another place this morning. She ______________________________．
3．他不可能是我们经理。我们经理已经去北京了。
He __________________________．Our manager has set out for Beijing.
must have rained last night
couldn't have spoken at the meeting
can't be our manager
4．现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你仅仅告诉我们你能否投入到这项任务中就行。
We ______________________ now. Just tell us whether you can throw yourself into the task or not.
5．现在天气这么酷热，我本没必要带毛衣的。
I ___________________________， for it is very hot now.
must act as quickly as possible
needn't have brought the sweater
Ⅰ.七选五
How will we keep astronauts entertained
The lucky residents of the International Space Station pull 12-hour shifts, including two and a half hours of gym time and six and a half hours of lab work, among other duties. __1__ If the timing's right, they call home to catch up.They watch their favorite football games. NASA has sent up playthings like guitars, keyboards, as well as a chess.
Staying entertained is vital because when you're on long space flights, feeling bored can be dangerous. __2__Breaking a tool is a lot more worrying when you're trying to keep a spaceship on course. Not only does playtime keep operations smooth, it also helps Americans relate to their high-flying heroes.
__3__ Maintaining (维持) a constant long-distance signal will be tough. But when bandwidth (带宽) allows , Houston could beam up TV series for binge-watching (疯狂追剧).The agency is also looking into virtual reality so space travelers can spend an afternoon at the beach.
What will the people we send to space do for fun decades from now “__4__” Picano replies. For a glimpse, look to the South Pole's McMurdo Research Station, which once had a bowling alley (保龄球道) and now features a wine and coffee bar. __5__ “If you send soldiers or scientists to small and enclosed environments, they will find ways to play. It never ceases to amaze me.”
A．Boy, I have no idea，
B．It may lead to performance errors.
C．It can enable astronauts to accomplish their tasks.
D．As a species we can always come up with new ideas.
E．We encourage contributions focused on individual needs.
F．They sleep eight hours, leaving another four for doing nothing.
G．But astronauts might not always have that solid link to Earth.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太空中娱乐活动的方式和内容，阐述了它的重要性并展望了它的前景。
1．答案：F　解析：根据上文“The lucky residents of the Intenational Space Station pull 12 hour shifts, including two and a half hours of gym time and six and a half hours of lab work, among other duties.”可知，F项“They sleep eight hours, leaving another four for doing nothing.”介绍了宇航员其余12个小时的活动，与上文互补，并提到了其中有四小时的空闲，为下文介绍娱乐活动做铺垫，故选F。
2．答案：B　解析：根据上文“Staying entertained is vital because when you're on long space flights, feeling bored can be dangerous.”可知，无聊与出差错呈因果关系。B项“It may lead to performance errors.”符合语境。
3．答案：G　解析：根据后文“Maintaining a constant long distance signal will be tough.”可知，长时间保持一个恒定的长途信号将是困难的，G项“But astronauts might not always have that solid link to Earth.”符合语境。
4．答案：A　解析：根据上文“What will the people we send to space do for fun decades from now？”及空后的Picano replies推出应该填说话内容。结合下文提到“South Pole's McMurdo Research Station”的巨大转变可知，A项“Boy, I have no idea，”符合语境。
5．答案：D　解析：根据下文“If you send soldiers or scientists to small and enclosed environments, they will find ways to play. It never ceases to amaze me.”可知，D项中come up with new ideas 与后一句中的“they will find ways to play”相呼应。故D项“As a species we can always come up with new ideas.”符合语境。
Ⅱ.完形填空
My roommate Maria began to hunt for a job and she got an important __1__. On account of the financial crisis, the competition was __2__. But she said, “__3__ I try, there will always be hope.”
Luckily, she entered the final interview. There were only three people left. The interviewer said to them, “All of you are very excellent. Please go home and wait for our __4__！”
Maria received a message from the company, saying that she had not been __5__ a job. But later in the evening, she received another message, reading that she had been __6__ by the company. __7__ the first message sent to her was also part of the __8__ in the interview. The three applicants received the same message; but only Maria's reply __9__ the company, so she was given the job. I asked her, “How did all of you reply？” She said, “One did not reply, the other said ‘goodbye’ , and I said ‘thank you’”．
Only then did I know that Maria's __10__ came in that way. When you feel disappointed, do not __11__ to say “thank you” to the one who disappoints you. It is whether you are __12__ to say it in a peaceful and grateful manner __13__ does matter. Saying “thank you” shows __14__ for others' work. Thus, while under the same condition, you may get more __15__ compared to others！,　
1．A.appointment B．message C．interview D．notice
2．A.tight B．fierce C．potential D．close
3．A.If only B．Even though C．In case D．As long as
4．A.response B．requirement C．order D．demand
5．A.left B．arranged C．offered D．awarded
6．A.trusted B．allowed C．discussed D．employed
7．A.Actually B．Exactly C．Eventually D．Possibly
8．A.competition B．experiment C．test D．experience
9．A.surprised B．answered C．benefited D．satisfied
10．A.job B．confidence C．intelligence D．fate
11．A.pretend B．forget C．regret D．intend
12．A.willing B．anxious C．eager D．prepared
13．A.which B．what C．who D．that
14．A.appreciation B．respect C．sympathy D．patience
15．A.presents B．concerns C．thanks D．chances
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述作者的室友Maria面试工作的事情，说明当你失望时，也不要忘记对那个让你失望的人说声“谢谢”。说“谢谢”表示了你对别人工作的尊重。在同样的情况下，和其他人相比，说“谢谢”会使你获得更多的机会。
1．答案：C　解析：根据下文she entered the final interview“她进入了最后的面试”可知这里意思是“她得到了一场重要的面试(interview)”。appointment任命；message消息；notice通知。故选C。
2．答案：B　解析：根据上文On account of the financial crisis“由于金融危机”可推断出竞争非常激烈(fierce)。tight紧的；potential潜在的；close亲密的。故选B。
3．答案：D　解析：句意：……只要(as long as)我尝试，就总会有希望。if only要是……多好；even though尽管；in case万一。故选D。
4．答案：A　解析：句意：请回家，等待我们的回复(response)! requirement要求；order命令；demand要求。故选A。
5．答案：C　解析：根据下文But later in the evening，she received another message, reading that she had been __6__ by the company.可知，最初Maria收到这家公司的消息，说她没有被提供(offer)这份工作。leave离开；arrange安排；award授予。故选C。
6．答案：D　解析：根据下文so she was given the job可知，她最终被那家公司雇用(employ)了。trust信任；allow允许；discuss讨论。故选D。
7．答案：A　解析：句意：事实上(actually)，发送给她的第一条消息也是这次面试……的一部分。exactly精确地，究竟；eventually最后；possibly可能。故选A。
8．答案：C　解析：句意：事实上，发送给她的第一条短信也是这次面试测试(test)的一部分。competition竞争；experiment实验；experience经验。故选C。
9．答案：D　解析：根据so she was given the job可知，只有Maria的回答让这家公司满意(satisfy)。surprise使吃惊；answer回答；benefit使受益。故选D。
10．答案：A　解析：根据so she was given the job可知，直到那时，“我”才知道Maria是通过那种方式得到了这份工作(job)。confidence信心；intelligence智力；fate命运。故选A。
11．答案：B　解析：句意：当你失望时，不要忘记(forget)对那个让你失望的人说声“谢谢”。pretend假装；regret后悔；intend打算。故选B。
12．答案：A　解析：句意：你是否愿意(willing)以一种和平的并且感激的方式说出，这很重要。anxious焦虑的；eager渴望的；prepared准备好的。故选A。
13．答案：D　解析：把it is和该空去掉，句子结构仍然完整，所以此句为强调句。强调句的基本结构是：it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他成分。故选D。
14．答案：B　解析：句意：说声“谢谢”表示对别人工作的尊重(respect)。appreciation欣赏；sympathy同情；patience耐心。故选B。
15．答案：D　解析：句意：因此，在同样的情况下，和其他人相比，你可能获得更多的机会(chance)! present礼物；concern关心；thanks感谢。故选D。
(共100张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
01.课前预习·自主学习
02.要点精研·探究学习
03.课时达标·随堂自测
04.课时作业（二十三）
内容
索引
01.课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．lifelike adj. ________________________
2．telescope n. ____________
3．angle v. ____________
4．galaxy n. ____________
5．cosmic adj. ____________
6．subatomic adj. ____________
(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的
望远镜
斜置
星系
宇宙的
亚原子的；原子内的
7．particle n. ____________
8．straightforward adj. ____________
9．fetch v. ____________
10．muscle n. ____________
11．pepper n. ____________
12．sneeze v. ____________
13．disc n. __________________
14．self-discipline n. ____________
粒子
简单的
(去)拿来
肌肉
胡椒粉
打喷嚏
激光唱片；光碟，光盘
自我约束，自律
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．simulate v．模仿，模拟→ ________ adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→________ n．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器→simulation n．模拟物
2．________ v．提交，顺从，服从→submission n．提交的文件，呈递材料→submissive adj.服从的；顺从的
3．awe n．敬畏；惊惧→ ________ adj.很好的，了不起的
simulated
simulator
submit
awesome
4．conceive v．想象，设想→conceivable adj.可能的，可想象的→________ adv.可以相信地；可想象地
5．visible adj.看得见的→visibly adv.看得见地→________ adj.看不见的
conceivably
invisible
Ⅲ.短语互译
1．________________ 出发，动身
2．________________ 报名参加
3．________________ 实际上，事实上
4．________________ 计算出
5．________________ be engaged in
6．________________ be composed of
7．________________ look back to/at
8．________________ quest for
set out
sign up for
in reality
work out
参与，参加
由……组成
回首
追求，寻找
预习验收·衔接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The astronauts have been training in the special________ (模拟器) every day for the past half year.
2．Some people criticised the AT presenters for not being ________ (逼真的).
3．Living with the chimps in the jungle was really a(n) ________ (了不起的) experience.
simulator
lifelike
awesome
4．My uncle gave me a(n) ________ (望远镜), through which I can observe the stars.
5．For now, China plans to send a Chang'e 5 spacecraft to the moon next year and have it return to Earth with collected ________ (粒子).
6．Don't worry about your father. It is a fairly ________________ (简单的) operation.
7．When you are under stress, your ________ (肌肉) may be tense, especially in your face, neck and shoulders.
8．Henry kept ________ (打喷嚏); he must have got a cold.
telescope
particles
straightforward
muscles
sneezing
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Philip ________ (angle) his chair towards the door so that he could see the students passing by.
2．They are ________ (simulate) pearls, so they are very expensive.
3．When she was just 24 years old, Ekeblad ________ (submit) her work to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
4．They have made full preparations, so the mission can ________ (conceivable) be accomplished within a week.
angled
simulated
submitted
conceivably
5．Some stars can be seen with the naked eye, while others can be ________ (visible).
6．Could you wait for me for a while , Helen The maths teacher asked me ________________ (fetch) his glasses in the office.
7．Alice looks a little cold. ________ reality, she is friendly to others.
invisible
to fetch
In
Ⅲ.短语填空
work out, be composed of, look back to, on a regular basis, what's more
1．The Browns help the homeless. ______________， they adopt those abandoned animals.
2．________________my high school, I couldn't help thinking of those hard days.
3．The boy was so clever that he spent only several minutes ________________ the maths question.
What's more
Looking back to
working out
4．If you take exercise ________________， you will keep healthy.
5．The band ________________ four boys, all of whom are very handsome and talented.
on a regular basis
is composed of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．离地球的距离如此之远，以至于它需要旅行近六年才能到达目的地。
________________from Earth that it would need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination.
2．难怪这么多人喜欢用社交媒体向它道别，说：“再见，亲爱的‘卡西尼’！我们永远不会忘记你！”
________________ so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye, saying, “Farewell, dear Cassini! We shall never forget you！”
So great was the distance
No wonder
3．例如，在中国考古遗址三星堆发现的古蜀国神秘的大眼睛青铜像，据认为已经能够隔着很远的距离看到星星。
For example, the mysterious large-eyed，bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, _______________________ to look across great distances into the stars.
4．不久以后，人们了解到太阳只是我们称之为银河系的数十亿个星系中的一颗恒星。
Soon, ________________ the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.
were believed to have been able
it was understood that
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
Para.1：Ancient people's (1) ________ of the night sky.
Paras.2—4：The exploration of the night sky.
Para.2：The influence the first(2)________ had on the night sky.
Para.3：The influence the Hubble Space Telescope had on the night sky.
Para.4：The influence the “Eyes of Heaven” had on the night sky.
Para.5：Much of the universe remains (3) ________.
exploration
telescope
unexplored
Ⅱ.文本剖析：细节探究
Choose the best answer.
1.How did people create a world in the sky
A．By their naked eyes.
B．By telescope.
C．By their imagination.
D．By passing from mouth to mouth.
C
2．How does the author organize the passage
A．By the order of time.
B．By the order of space.
C．By giving examples.
D．By listing numbers.
C
3．What can be learned from Paragraph 2
A．The Sun is the only star in the Milky Way.
B．The Milky Way is much larger than the universe.
C．The universe is a vast ocean.
D．The universe is enormous.
D
4．What is the FAST telescope mainly used for
A．Searching for the dark matter.
B．Searching for the aliens.
C．Searching for more unknown stars.
D．Searching for black holes.
A
5．Why is the “Eyes of Heaven” referred to in the Paragraph 4
A．To compare the technology between our country and other countries.
B．To show the effect it has on space exploration.
C．To prove its advantages over other telescopes.
D．To show the effort our country made to see even further into space.
D
Ⅲ.重点句式补全
1．近些年来惊人的科学发展使太空探索重新受到公众的关注。
The dramatic scientific developments of recent years
_____________________________________________________．
2．据悉，这只500米口径的“天眼”正被用于寻找暗物质，被认为是由普通望远镜看不到的亚原子粒子组成。
The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”， as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter，_______________________subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.
have brought space exploration back to public attention
thought to be composed of
3．大部分的宇宙仍未被探索，以至于我们仍然处于接近这个不可思议的发现之旅的开始。
So much of the universe ________________ that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
4．希望其他文明能在遥远的星球上发现这一记录，并帮助他们了解我们。
________________ the record will be found by other civilisations on distant planets and help them learn about us.
remains unexplored
It is hoped that
原文研读·立体透析
[词汇积累]
①endless adj.无穷的
②in reality 实际上；事实上
③the naked eye肉眼
④dramatically adv.巨大地；急剧地
⑤telescope /'tel sk p/n．望远镜
⑥angle /' ɡ( )l/ v．斜置
⑦enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能做某事
⑧similar to与……相似
⑨galaxy /'ɡ l ksi/ n．星系
⑩cosmic /'k zm k/ adj.宇宙的
conceivably /k n'si v b( )li/adv.可以相信地；可想象地
work out 计算出
at an ever-increasing speed以不断增长的速度
be engaged in 参与
currently adv.目前；现在
be composed of 由……组成
subatomic / s b 't m k/ adj.亚原子的；原子内的
particle /'pɑ t k( )l/ n．粒子
invisible / n'v z b( )l/adj.看不见的
at the edge of 在……的边缘
view v．看；看见
look back at/to回首
quest for追求，探索
be close to靠近；接近
[教材原文]
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
The night sky has been an endless① source of fascination since the start of human history. For_example,_the_mysterious_large-eyed,_bronze_statues_of_the_ancient_Shu_Kingdom,_discovered_at_the_Chinese_archeological_site_at_Sanxingdui,_were_believed_to_have_been_able_to_look_across_great_distances_into_the_stars.[1] In reality②， humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye③. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see. Not_knowing_what_the_stars_were,_people_in_ancient_times_used_their_imaginations_to_create_a_world_in_the_sky.[2]
[1]discovered...是过去分词短语作后置定语，sb./sth. be believed to do...“某人/某物被认为……”。
[2]Not knowing...是现在分词短语作原因状语，what引导宾语从句。
Our_power_to_investigate_and_thus_understand_space_changed_dramatically④_when_the_first_telescope⑤_was_angled⑥_at_the_night_sky,_increasing_as_it_did_the_power_of_the_human_eye_and_enabling_us_to_understand⑦
_that_the_universe_is_far_larger_than_was_previously_imaginable. [3] The planets were seen to be worlds similar to⑧ our own, many_of_them_even_having_their_own_moons [4]. Soon,_it_was_understood_that_the_Sun_was_just_one_star_among_billions_in_the_galaxy⑨_we_call_the_Milky_Way. [5] Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic⑩ ocean.
[3]when引导时间状语从句，as引导原因状语从句，increasing... and enabling...是现在分词短语作结果状语。
[4]many of them even having...是“代词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。
[5]it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。we call...是省略了that/which的定语从句。
Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, giving_astronomers_—_indeed_all_of_us
_the_first_breathtakingly_beautiful_images_of_our_universe_taken_from_beyond_Earth [6]. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life. Not_only_that_—_it_has_also_helped_us_to_work_out _the_age_and_nature_of_the_universe,_and_discover_the_incredible_fact_that_the_universe_is_expanding_at_an_ever-increasing_speed [7].
[6]giving...是现在分词短语作结果状语。
[7]Not only... but also...不但……，而且……，连接并列的句子成分。第二个that引导同位语从句。
To_see_even_further_into_the_universe,_many_countries_are_now_engaged_in _building_ever_more_advanced_telescopes [8]. Currently ， China operates the world's largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed_in_2016 [9]. The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”， as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away, right at the edge of the visible universe.
[8]To see...是不定式短语作目的状语。
[9]completed...是过去分词短语作后置定语。
The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space. We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago. Using_ever-larger_radio_telescopes_as_our_eyes,
_we_will_one_day_be_able_to_look_back_to _a_time_in_the_very_early_universe,_before_the_existence_of_light [10].
But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that. So_much_of_the_universe_remains_unexplored_that_we_are_still_close_to _the_start_of_this_incredible_journey_of_discovery [11].
[10]Using...是现在分词短语作方式状语。
[11]So...that...“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。
[课文译文]
仰望夜空
自人类历史开始以来，夜空一直具有一种无尽的魅力。例如，在中国考古遗址三星堆发现的古代蜀国神秘的大眼睛青铜像，据认为已经能够跨越很远的距离看到星星。事实上，人类用肉眼看到的夜空微乎其微。而且很长一段时间，人们不能理解他们所能看到的东西。由于不知道星星是什么，古代的人们利用他们的想象力创造出了一个天空的世界。
当第一架望远镜斜置对准夜空时，我们研究和理解太空的能力发生了巨大的变化，它增强了人眼的能力，使我们能够理解到宇宙比以前所想象的要大得多。这些行星被认为是类似于我们自己的世界，其中许多甚至有自己的卫星。不久以后，人们了解到太阳只是我们称之为银河系的数十亿个星系中的一颗恒星。大约300年后，我们得知银河系本身只是数十亿其他星系中的一个，它分布在黑暗的太空中，就像漂浮在浩瀚宇宙海洋中由光和物质组成的巨型岛屿。
在第一台地面望远镜发明将近400年之后，哈勃太空望远镜被发射到了轨道上，确实给了天文学家们——实际上我们所有的人——首批从地球以外拍摄的令人叹为观止的美丽的宇宙图像。历史上没有任何东西能让我们在如此遥远的距离上看到如此多的东西，从恒星诞生的巨大气体云，到巨大的黑洞，甚至再到我们可能会在那里找到生命的新的行星。不仅如此——它还帮助我们计算出宇宙的年龄和性质，并发现宇宙正在以不断增长的速度进行膨胀这一不可思议的事实。
为了进一步深入地观察宇宙，许多国家现在正在建造更先进的望远镜。目前，中国拥有世界上尺寸最大、能力最强的射电望远镜——FAST，它是2016年建成。据悉这只500米口径的“天眼”正被用来寻找暗物质，该物质被认为是由普通望远镜看不到的亚原子粒子组成。这个巨大的望远镜也有能力探索数十亿光年之外的空间区域，就在可见宇宙的边缘。
哈勃望远镜和在它之后建造的太空望远镜将使我们能够看到越来越远的太空。我们将看到数十亿光年以外的恒星和星系，并且回顾几十亿年前的过去。用越来越大的射电望远镜作为我们的眼睛，总有一天，我们将能够回顾在光存在之前的早期宇宙的一段时期。但是人类对知识的探求甚至远不仅如此。大部分的宇宙仍未被探索，以至于我们仍然只是处于接近这个不可思议的发现之旅的开始。
02.要点精研·探究学习
1)angle v．斜置　n．角；角度，立场)
(教材原句)Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky...当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们调查和理解太空的能力发生了巨大的变化……
He angled his chair so that he could sit and watch her.
他斜移了椅子，以便能坐着观察她。
The picture was hanging at an angle.画斜挂着。
The rising sun is especially beautiful to look at from this angle.正在升起的太阳从这个角度看特别美。
We would like to hear your angle in this argument.
我们想听听你在这场争论中的观点。
at an angle 倾斜地，成一定角度地
from a(n)...angle 从……角度
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The two roads lie ________ an angle of about 45 degrees.
完成句子
②Viewed ________________ (从任何角度), drinking heavily on an empty stomach is very harmful to health.
③Try looking at the problem ________________ (从我的立场).
at
from any angle
from my angle
2)invisible adj.看不见的)
(教材原句)The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”， as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.
众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。
Using telescope, Galileo discovered stars that were invisible to the naked eye.伽利略利用望远镜发现了肉眼看不见的恒星。
(1)be invisible to 对……是不可见的
visible adj. 看得见的
(2)invisibly adv. 无形中；看不见地
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She felt ________ (visible) in the crowd.
②She lived quietly and almost ________ (invisible) in the United States.
完成句子
③这种飞机的设计目的是能躲过雷达探测。
The aircraft is designed to ____________________．
invisible
invisibly
be invisible to radar
3)be engaged in (doing) sth.从事于……，忙于……)
(教材原句)．..many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.
……许多国家现在都在致力于建造更先进的望远镜。
I was totally engaged in my study and seldom paid attention to my mother's feelings.
我完全投入到学习中，很少关注母亲的感受。
He wants to be engaged in foreign trade.
＝He wants to engage (himself) in foreign trade.他想要从事外贸工作。
Only 10% of American adults engage in regular exercise.
只有10%的美国成年人定期进行锻炼。
Her daughter was engaged to a young teacher.
她女儿和一位年轻老师订婚了。
engage oneself in (doing) sth. 使自己忙于，从事……
be engaged to sb. 和……订婚
engage in 参与……，参加……
[归纳拓展]
“忙于做某事”的常见表达法：
be engaged in (doing) sth.
engage oneself in (doing) sth.
be occupied in doing sth./with sth.
be busy (in) doing/with sth.
be buried in (doing) sth.
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Some of them were engaged ________ advanced studies.
＝Some of them engaged ______________ (they) in advanced studies.
②The two governments have agreed to engage ________ a comprehensive dialogue to resolve the problem.
③Jack was engaged ________ Anne and their wedding would be held soon.
in
themselves
in
to
4)be composed of由……组成/构成)
(教材原句)．..thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.
……被认为是由普通望远镜看不到的亚原子粒子组成的。
The committee is composed mainly of lawyers.
委员会主要由律师组成。
The course is made up of 12 two-hour sessions.
这门课总共上12次，每次两小时。
be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of 由……组成
compose＝make up 构成，组成
[名师点津]　由……组成/构成：be composed of, be made up of, consist of (整体作主语，部分作宾语)
组成，构成：make up, compose (部分作主语，整体作宾语)
The group is composed of/is made up of/consists of ten people.
＝Ten people make up/compose the group.
这个小组由十个人组成。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Air ____________ (compose) mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.
同义句转换
②Ten members make up the committee.
→The committee _____________ ten members.
→The committee _____________ ten members.
→The committee _____________ ten members.
is composed
is made up of
is composed of
consists of
5)be close to 靠近，接近；与……亲密；几乎，可能(表示状态))
(教材原句)So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.宇宙中还有很多东西没有被探索，所以我们离这个不可思议的发现之旅的开始还有一段距离。
Our new house is close to the school.
我们的新房子离学校很近。
She is very close to her sister.她和姐姐很亲。
He was close to tears.他几乎快掉眼泪了。
Don't get too close to that statue, Rosie.
罗西，别靠那座雕像太近。
The dog came close to being killed by a car.
那只狗差点儿被一辆汽车轧死。
[误区警示]　close 作副词时表示具体意义，意为“接近地”；
closely作副词时表示抽象意义，意为“严密地，密切地”。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①Her relationship isn't good with her father, but she ________________ (与……关系非常亲近) her mother.　　　　
is very close to
get close to 接近，靠近(表示动作)
keep close to 紧跟
stand/sit close to 靠近……站着/坐着
live close to 住得离……近
come close to doing sth. 差一点儿做某事
②Don't ________________ (接近) the fire, or you will get burnt.
③Little Mary ________________ (靠近……站着) her mother.
get close to
stood close to
6)(教材原句)For example，the mysterious large-eyed，bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom，discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.,例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。)
[句式解构]
本句sb./sth.be believed to have done句式，表示“据认为做了……”。
She is said to have given a lot of money to charity.
据说她向慈善机构捐了大量的钱。
The new policy is believed to be the first scheme to offer protection against an illness.
这份新的保险单被认为是首个承保疾病风险的保险方案。
Education should not be considered to be a privilege in a modern society.
在现代社会中，受教育不应该被看成是一种特权。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Several young men pretended ________ (be) policemen, but were caught at last.
②The engine just won't start.Something seems ___________ (go)wrong with it.
完成句子
③人们认为这个嫌疑人已经被询问了好多次了。
The suspect ______________________________ for many times.
④市民似乎正在抱怨空气污染。
Citizens ______________________ the air pollution.
to be
to have gone
was believed to have been questioned　
seem to be complaining about
7)(教材原句)The more we know, the more we feel our ignorance; the more we feel how much remains unknown.我们知道的越多，就越感到自己无知；我们越是感到有很多东西仍是未知的。)
[句式解构]　the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)
表示“越……，就越……”。前者表示条件，后者表示结果。
The higher you stand, the further you'll see.
站得越高，你就会看得越远。
The harder you study, the more progress you'll make.
你学习越刻苦，取得的进步就越大。
The more, the better.多多益善。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①你说英语越多，你的英语就会越好。
________ you speak English, ______ your English will become.
②一个人越博学，他通常就越谦虚。
________________ a man is, ______________ he usually becomes.
③你练习得越多，就会说得越流利。
The more you practise, ________________________．
The more
the better
The more learned
the more modest
the more fluently you will speak
03.课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A ________ (望远镜) was used by that detective to observe the abnormal behavior of that couple.
2．The photo was shot from an unusual ________ (角度).
3．________ (可以相信地), only by distributing bonus fairly can we motivate employees to work harder.
4．The bacteria, which is ________ (看不见的) to naked eyes, can be harmful to our body.
telescope
angle
Conceivably
invisible
5．When asked to explain the theory of simulator, he made it in a _____________ (简单的) way.
6．That enterprising manager is blessed with strong __________ (自制力).
7．Under no circumstances are you allowed to ________ (去拿) others' possessions without permission.
8．The crew were asked to cover their mouth while ________ (打喷嚏).
9．I totally forgot! The ________ (光盘) was broken. I just lost the whole day's work.
10．They cut out a piece of ________ (肌肉) from my leg and looked at it under a microscope.
straightforward
self-discipline
fetch
sneezing
disc
muscle
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The students benefitting most from college are those who are totally engaged ________ academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources.
2．Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close ________ extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left.
3．So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of ________ (fetch) coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success.
in
to
fetching
4．They ___________ (believe) to be the smallest rabbits in the world.
5．It's true, the ________ (old) I get, the more I feel time has wings.
6．________ (compose) of 10 chapters, the book was sold 10 million copies in 2 months.
7．The ceramics change their appearances from different ________ (angle).
8．________ (conceivable), it is your thoughtful decisions that enable our company to accumulate money automatically.
are believed
older
Composed
angles
Conceivably
9．Those invaders hide in the undergrowth that is ________ (visible) to observers.
10．Breathing in the smell of pepper, he couldn't help ________ (sneeze).

invisible
sneezing
04.课时作业（二十三）
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Architects were invited to s________ (提交) their designs and Sir Charles Barry's was notable.
2．That was Bradley's first time to be in a helicopter, and he was too absorbed in the a________ (了不起的) view of the beautiful canal.
3．FAST, the world's largest single-dish radio t________ (望远镜) , has a certain edge in delving repeated FRBs.
4．The disappointment in my teacher's eyes as I didn't shrink from the wrong notes was like an i________ (看不见的) hammer, striking my heart.
submit
awesome
telescope
invisible
5．The young man a________ (斜置) his chair so that he could sit and look into the problem.
6．Once upon a time, asking a woman if she likes astronomy was quite a s______________ (简单的) question.
7．It takes a lot of s___________ (自制力) to go jogging in tropical areas.
8．The inhabitants have to walk a mile to f________ (去取) water in the megadrought area.
angled
straightforward　
self-discipline
fetch
9．Contrary to what many people think, HIV cannot be spread by mosquitoes, coughing or s________ (喷嚏) .
10．If you feel a tenseness around the eyes, subdue your mood and relax your m________ (肌肉).
sneezing
muscles
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Now it seems that they have no permanent solution to this ________ (end) cycle of downfall.
2．The police began to look into the ________ (mystery) disappearance of a well-known banker.
endless
解析：句意：现在看来，他们对这种无休止的衰落没有长久的解决方法。形容词修饰名词cycle; endless意思是“无尽的”。故填endless。
mysterious
解析：句意：警方开始调查一个知名银行家的神秘失踪案。此处需用形容词作定语。mystery是名词形式，它的形容词形式是mysterious。故填mysterious。
3．It is not dismissed that teachers will never ________ (believe) to be replaced by/with computers in class.
be believed
解析：句意：不可否认的是，人们相信教师将永远不会被课堂上的电脑所取代。这句话实际上是一种被动形式，相当于It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced by/with computers in class.(人们普遍认为，在课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师)。故填be believed。
4．China's Long March 5B carrier rocket made its first notable flight in Hainan Province, ________ (mark) a new chapter in the country's manned space program.
marking
解析：句意：中国长征5B运载火箭在海南省进行了首次卓越飞行，标志着中国载人航天计划的新篇章。现在分词作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果。故填marking。
5．China's efforts to subdue the flu virus have made a big difference, which is not ________ (imagine) for other countries.
6．I think we should work ________ a strategy to steer clear of this situation.
imaginable
解析：句意：中国抗击流感病毒的努力取得了巨大的成效，这是其他国家无法想象的。此处用形容词作表语。imagine是动词，其形容词形式是imaginable。故填imaginable。
out
解析：句意：我认为我们应该制订出一项策略来摆脱这一情形。work out是固定短语，意思是“解决；算出；实现；制订出；消耗完；弄懂；锻炼”。这里是“制订出”的意思。故填out。
7．Minister of Culture and Tourism said that the ministry has looked into the arrangement of tourism recovery ________ the basis of pandemic (流行病) prevention.
8．When I came in, he was ________ (engage) in playing computer games instead of in his study on astronomy.
on
解析：句意：文化和旅游部部长表示，在预防流行病的基础上，该部已经调研了促进旅游业复苏的安排。on the basis of为固定短语，意为“根据；基于……”。故填on。
engaged
解析：句意：当我进来的时候，他正专心于玩电脑游戏而不是学习天文学。be engaged in为固定短语，意为“埋头于；专心于”。故填engaged。
Ⅲ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
with the naked eye, reach for, at the edge of, call to, engaged in, remain unexplored, work out , similar to
1．Many studies on practical archeological aspects _______________．
2．It took me some time ____________ what was causing its ruin.
3．Can you see that vessel in the distance ________________？
4．If you want to ____________ the stars, why are you going to think twice about limits
remain unexplored
to work out
with the naked eye
reach for
5．All of us stood for a long time ____________ the trench waving good-bye to him.
6．The new era ____________ us, so we should delve to achieve more and do better.
7．Receiving your letter is such equivalent refreshment since I'm fully ____________ preparing for the exam.
8．Scientists will be able to look into whether it's ____________ any human language，or a mix of the languages.
at the edge of　
calls to
engaged in
similar to
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. People created a world in the sky by their imaginations 1.________ (ancient). With the telescope 2.________ (angle) at the sky firstly, the 3.________ (explore) of the space changed dramatically, 4.________ enabled us to understand the universe 5.________ (well) than before .
anciently
angled
exploration
which
better
Afterwards, the Hubble Space Telescope provided us 6.________ the first universe images, helping us to learn about the universe 7.________ (expand) at a speed. Currently，China uses the “Eye of Heaven” to search for the 8.________ (visible) matter. We stepped a big pace, 9.________ the human quest for knowledge remains on the way. So much of the future universe remains to 10.________ (explore).
with
expanding
invisible
but
be explored
阅读理解
A
The universe likes to be shy about its age, but astronomers believe they have a pretty good idea of the range. Currently, the most widely accepted age for the universe is around 13.8 billion years, but determining the age of...well, everything，is no easy feat (功绩). Now, new studies have investigated the question using different methods—and they've come up with two different answers, separated by more than a billion years.
Because the universe is expanding at an accelerating pace, the further away an object is, the faster it appears to be moving away from us. This is expressed as the Hubble constant (哈勃常数), and it's a key factor in figuring out the age of the universe. After all, if we can determine how fast an object is moving away from us, we can rewind that process to its beginning—the Big Bang. Researchers from the University of Oregon set out to map the distance to dozens of galaxies. The team calculated that the universe is only 12.6 billion years old—that, you might notice, is much younger than the 13.8 billion years usually stated.
In the second study, the method of figuring out the age of the universe is by mapping the oldest light we can detect. “We are restoring the ‘baby photo’ of the universe to its original condition, removing the wear and tear of time and space that distorted (扭曲) the image，” says Neelima Sehgal, co-author of the study. “Only by seeing this sharper baby photo or image of the universe can we more fully understand how our universe was born.” In doing so, the researcher determined that the universe is 13. 8 billion years old—in agreement with the accepted age.
The real problem though, is that the studies disagree so wildly with each other, to the tune of a billion years. But they are not the only ones—the battle lines are commonly drawn by the methods used. Obviously, more research is needed to determine where the truth lies.
1．What do we know about the universe from the first two paragraphs
A．It doesn't exist long.
B．It becomes larger.
C．It runs away.
D．It causes the Big Bang.
答案：B　
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Because the universe is expanding at an accelerating pace, the further away an object is, the faster it appears to be moving away from us.”可知，宇宙变得更大。
2．What makes the researchers in the first study think the universe is much younger
A．The speed of moving objects.
B．The number of galaxies.
C．The process of the universe evolution.
D．The distance to other objects.
答案：D　
解析：推理断题。根据第二段中“Researchers from the University of Oregon set out to map the distance to dozens of galaxies. The team calculated that the universe is only 12.6 billion years old...”可知，到其他天体的距离使第一个研究中的研究者认为宇宙更年轻。
3．How does Neelima Sehgal explain their method in the second study
A．By referring to a similar thing.
B．By using hard scientific data.
C．By introducing a new concept.
D．By quoting an expert's words.
答案：A　
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘We are restoring... the image，’says Neelima Sehgal, co author of the study.” 可知，Neelima Sehgal把宇宙最初的形象比喻成婴儿，所以Neelima Sehgal用了一个相似的事物来解释第二个研究所采用的方法。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Whose method is better
B．Which result can you believe
C．How old is the universe
D．Why is the universe so old
答案：C　
解析：主旨大意题。本篇为科普文章，文章结构是“总—分—总”，主旨在首段。结合第一段内容可知，文章主要讲述人们采取不同方法测得的宇宙寿命不同。所以C项“宇宙的年龄有多大？”适合作为文章标题。
B
There are jobs you take because you may find them fulfilling, or a stepping stone to your career. And then there are jobs you take for the money. The new book, Ducks: Two Years in the Oil Sands, is about the latter. It's from Kate Beaton, a best-selling cartoonist. With her first graphic narrative, Ducks, Beaton examines her own life, specifically the years she spent working at the oil sands of Fort McMurray, in Alberta, Canada.
The book starts on Cape Breton Island, Beaton's hometown. Once it was home to various industries, and then it wasn't. So the island started sending its people out to wherever jobs were. This idea that you have to leave home to make a life for yourself is deeply rooted in the culture of Cape Breton. Her parents try to convince her to go into teaching, but she heads west, to the oil sands of Fort McMurray. It's an oil boomtown populated mostly by men who are away from their homes and likely to fall into the traps of boomtowns—drugs, alcohol and loneliness.
The book follows Beaton as she tackles her own sense of isolation, while having to bear constant sexism. But she describes small moments of tenderness too, from people looking out for her in their own ways to those who are simply putting their heads down, just trying to get by.
In the book, a Cree elder talks about the impacts the oil companies have had on their community. “Everything's ruined, our lives, our water, the air... as long as they get their money.” When the companies first came in, the locals weren't given much say.
And now they are economically tied up to the industries that are polluting their land, and leaving them with higher rates of cancer. But what choice did they have but to be involved, or be completely crushed
Ducks is truly an untold story of Canada: a country that prides itself on its equality and natural beauty while exploiting both the riches of its land and the humanity of its people.
5．Which factor leads Beaton to Fort McMurray
A．The appeal of oil sands.
B．Her thirst for freedom.
C．The influence of her culture.
D．Her parents' encouragement.
答案：C　
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的第四句可知，Beaton离开家乡是因为文化的影响。故选C。
6．How does Beaton find her life in the oil sands
A．Depressing and unfair.
B．Helpless and aimless.
C．Miserable yet fulfilling.
D．Lonely yet still with warmth.
答案：D　
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The book follows Beaton as she tackles her own sense of isolation... moments of tenderness too”可知，Beaton在油矿地区的生活既孤独又有一些温暖。故选D。
7．Why don't the locals have other choices
A．Because they can find no better place to go.
B．Because they are illegally trapped in oil sands.
C．Because their life is totally ruined by the oil mining.
D．Because they are financially dependent on the industries.
答案：D　
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“the locals weren't given much say. And now they are economically tied up to the industries”可知，当地人别无选择的原因是他们在经济上依赖着这些产业。故选D。
8．What type of writing is the text
A．A novel. B．A book review.
C．A biography. D．A news story.
答案：B　
解析：推理判断题。第一段引出了新书Ducks：Two Years in the Oil Sands及其作者，后文是对这本新书的介绍和评价，由此可知，文章是一篇书评。故选B。Unit 6 单元基础知识汇总
巧记速背·自查自测
　　　　　　　　　　　本单元词汇
[黑体部分为重点单词]
notion /'n ( )n/ n. 概念；观点；看法
hazardous /'h z d s/ adj. 危险的，不安全的
unexceptional / n k'sep ( )n l/ adj. 平常的
shuttle /' tl/ n. 航天飞机
excursion / k'sk ( )n/ n. (有特定目的的)短途出行
rekindle /ri 'k ndl/ v. 重新激起，重新唤起
tragically /'tr d kli/ adv. 悲惨地，不幸地
instantaneously / nst n'te ni sli/ adv. 瞬间地
shadow /' d / n. 坏影响，阴影
scream /skri m/ v. (因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
suspend /s 'spend/ v. 暂停，中止
crew /kru / n. (飞机上的)全体机组人员
(助记)　
①联想　“注意”(notice)这一“概念”(notion)的内涵和外延
②派生　hazard n．危险，风险＋ ous（形容词后缀：有……特性的）→hazardous adj.
③派生　un （前缀：不，否）＋exceptional adj.异常的；例外的→unexceptional adj.
④联想　“关上”(shut)“航天飞机”(shuttle)的舱门
⑤构词　excurse v．远足，短途旅行＋-ion(名词后缀：行为或状态)→excursion n.
⑥派生　tragic adj.悲惨的，不幸的＋-ally(副词后缀：以……方式)→tragically adv.
⑦派生　instantaneous adj.瞬间的，即时的＋-ly(副词后缀：具有……性质)→instantaneously adv.
⑧对比　shadow n．阴影—shade n．阴凉处
⑨联想　孩子们看到“冰激凌”(ice cream)，都兴奋得“尖叫”(scream)起来
⑩联想　“花”(spend)了很多资金跟精力后，这个项目被“中止”(suspend)了
simulated /'s mj le t d/ adj. 模仿的，模拟的，仿真的
simulator /'s mj le t / n. (用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器
lifelike /'la fla k/ adj. (图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的
submit /s b'm t/ v. 提交
awesome /' s( )m/ adj. 很好的，了不起的
(助记)　
①构词　simulate v．模仿＋ (e)d（形容词后缀：构成过去分词化的形容词）→simulated adj.
②构词　simulate v．模仿＋-or(名词后缀：……人或物)→simulator n.
③合成　life n．生命＋-like(形容词后缀：像……一样的)→lifelike adj.
④联想　我“承认”(admit)那份报告是我“提交”(submit)的
⑤对比　awesome adj.很好的—awful adj.糟糕的
telescope /'tel sk p/ n. 望远镜
angle /' g( )l/ v. 斜置
galaxy /'g l ksi/ n. 星系
cosmic /'k zm k/ adj. 宇宙的
conceivably /k n'si v b( )li/ adv. 可以相信地；可想象地
subatomic / s b 't m k/ adj. 亚原子的；原子内的
particle /'pɑ t k( )l/ n. 粒子
invisible / n'v z b( )l/ adj. 看不见的
straightforward / stre t'f w d/ adj. 简单的
self-discipline / self'd s pl n/ n. 自我约束，自律
fetch /fet / v. (去)拿来
muscle /'m s( )l/ n. 肌肉
pepper /'pep / n. 胡椒粉
sneeze /sni z/ v. 打喷嚏
disc /d sk/ n. 激光唱片；光碟，光盘
(助记)　
①构词　tele （前缀：远距离的）＋scope n．范围→telescope n．
②对比　angle（斜置）—ankle（脚踝）
③对比　cosmic adj.—universal adj.宇宙的
④派生　conceivable adj.可想象的；可信的＋-ly(副词后缀；以……方式)→conceivably adv.
⑤构词　sub-(前缀：次于，低于)＋atomic adj.原子的→subatomic adj.
⑥构词　in-(前缀：不，非)＋visible adj.看得见的→invisible adj.
⑦合成　straight adj.直的＋forward adv.向前→straightforward adj.
⑧合成　self-(前缀：自我的，自身的)＋discipline n．纪律→self-discipline n.
⑨联想　“抓住”(catch)飞盘，把它“取来”(fetch)
⑩仿声　“死妮子”(音似：sneeze)在“打喷嚏”(sneeze)
联想　这是一个“迪斯科”(音同：disc)“光碟”(disc)
本单元短语
become accustomed to 习惯于(做)某事
take off 起飞；突然大受欢迎；脱下
cast a shadow on 给……蒙上阴影
reach for the stars 探索星球
quest for 追求；探索；设法找到
one's heart in one's mouth 提心吊胆；心提到嗓子眼儿
tune in 收看；收听
call to 呼唤；向……喊
be composed of 由……构成/组成
单元评价·自查自测
Ⅰ.单词
1．________ v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
2．________ v．暂停，中止
3．________ n. (飞机上的)全体机组人员
4．________ n. 望远镜
5．________ v. 斜置
6．________ adj. 简单的
7．________ n. 自我约束，自律
8．________ v. (去)拿来
9．________ n．肌肉
10．________ v. 打喷嚏
11．________ adj. 平常的
12．________ v. 使适应，使习惯→________ adj. 习惯的
13．________ n. 坏影响，阴影→________ adj. 秘密的；神秘的；藏在阴影中的
14．________ v. 提交；顺从，服从→________ n. 提交的文件，呈递材料→________ adj. 服从的，顺从的
15．________ n. 敬畏；惊惧→________ adj. 很好的，了不起的
16．________ adj. 看得见的→________ adv. 看得见地→________ adj. 看不见
Ⅱ.短语
1．________________ 计算出；解决
2．________________ 踏上
3．________________ 成功到达
4．________________ 毕竟
5．________________ 实施
6．________________ 出发，动身
7．________________ 报名参加
8．________________ 意识到
9．________________ 回首
10．________________ 由……组成
11．________________ 参与，参加
12．________________ 习惯于
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．seem to have done
When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world __________________________ its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.
当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。
2．no＋比较级＋than
The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be ____________________ travelling in an aeroplane.
世界都震惊了！大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险。
3．doing作定语
We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts ________ to the world as they stepped into the shuttle.
我们看到宇航员笑容满面，向世界挥手致意，步入航天飞机。
4．There be no doubt that...句型
But ________________________________ manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
但是毫无疑问，载人飞行绝不会就此停止。1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。
Unit 6　单元基础知识汇总
单元评价·自查自纠
Ⅰ.单词
1．scream　2.suspend　3.crew　4.telescope　5.angle　6.straightforward　7.self discipline　8.fetch　9.muscle　10.sneeze　11.unexceptional　12.accustom; accustomed　13.shadow; shadowy　14.submit; submission; submissive
15．awe; awesome　16.visible; visibly; invisible
Ⅱ.短语
1．work out　2.set foot on　3.make it to　4.after all　5.carry out　6.set out　7.sign up for　8.be aware of
9．look back on　10.be composed of　11.be engaged in
12．be/become accustomed to
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．seemed to have lost　2.no more dangerous than　3.waving
4．there was never any doubt that(共113张PPT)
Unit 6 单元基础知识汇总
01.巧记速背·自查自测
02.单元评价·自查自测
03.单元测试卷（六）
内容
索引
01.巧记速背·自查自测
　本单元词汇
[黑体部分为重点单词]
notion /'n ( )n/ n. 概念；观点；看法
hazardous /'h z d s/ adj. 危险的，不安全的
unexceptional / n k'sep ( )n l/ adj. 平常的
shuttle /' tl/ n. 航天飞机
excursion / k'sk ( )n/ n. (有特定目的的)短途出行
rekindle /ri 'k ndl/ v. 重新激起，重新唤起
tragically /'tr d kli/ adv. 悲惨地，不幸地
instantaneously / nst n'te ni sli/ adv. 瞬间地
shadow /' d / n. 坏影响，阴影
scream /skri m/ v. (因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
suspend /s 'spend/ v. 暂停，中止
crew /kru / n. (飞机上的)全体机组人员
(助记)　
①联想　“注意”(notice)这一“概念”(notion)的内涵和外延
②派生　hazard n．危险，风险＋ ous（形容词后缀：有……特性的）→hazardous adj.
③派生　un （前缀：不，否）＋exceptional adj.异常的；例外的→unexceptional adj.
④联想　“关上”(shut)“航天飞机”(shuttle)的舱门
⑤构词　excurse v．远足，短途旅行＋-ion(名词后缀：行为或状态)→excursion n.
⑥派生　tragic adj.悲惨的，不幸的＋-ally(副词后缀：以……方式)→tragically adv.
⑦派生　instantaneous adj.瞬间的，即时的＋-ly(副词后缀：具有……性质)→instantaneously adv.
⑧对比　shadow n．阴影—shade n．阴凉处
⑨联想　孩子们看到“冰激凌”(ice cream)，都兴奋得“尖叫”(scream)起来
⑩联想　“花”(spend)了很多资金跟精力后，这个项目被“中止”(suspend)了
simulated /'s mj le t d/ adj. 模仿的，模拟的，仿真的
simulator /'s mj le t / n. (用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器
lifelike /'la fla k/ adj. (图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的
submit /s b'm t/ v. 提交
awesome /' s( )m/ adj. 很好的，了不起的
(助记)　
①构词　simulate v．模仿＋ (e)d（形容词后缀：构成过去分词化的形容词）→simulated adj.
②构词　simulate v．模仿＋-or(名词后缀：……人或物)→simulator n.
③合成　life n．生命＋-like(形容词后缀：像……一样的)→lifelike adj.
④联想　我“承认”(admit)那份报告是我“提交”(submit)的
⑤对比　awesome adj.很好的—awful adj.糟糕的
telescope /'tel sk p/ n. 望远镜
angle /' g( )l/ v. 斜置
galaxy /'g l ksi/ n. 星系
cosmic /'k zm k/ adj. 宇宙的
conceivably /k n'si v b( )li/ adv. 可以相信地；可想象地
subatomic / s b 't m k/ adj. 亚原子的；原子内的
particle /'pɑ t k( )l/ n. 粒子
invisible / n'v z b( )l/ adj. 看不见的
straightforward / stre t'f w d/ adj. 简单的
self-discipline / self'd s pl n/ n. 自我约束，自律
fetch /fet / v. (去)拿来
muscle /'m s( )l/ n. 肌肉
pepper /'pep / n. 胡椒粉
sneeze /sni z/ v. 打喷嚏
disc /d sk/ n. 激光唱片；光碟，光盘
(助记)　
①构词　tele （前缀：远距离的）＋scope n．范围→telescope n．
②对比　angle（斜置）—ankle（脚踝）
③对比　cosmic adj.—universal adj.宇宙的
④派生　conceivable adj.可想象的；可信的＋-ly(副词后缀；以……方式)→conceivably adv.
⑤构词　sub-(前缀：次于，低于)＋atomic adj.原子的→subatomic adj.
⑥构词　in-(前缀：不，非)＋visible adj.看得见的→invisible adj.
⑦合成　straight adj.直的＋forward adv.向前→straightforward adj.
⑧合成　self-(前缀：自我的，自身的)＋discipline n．纪律→self-discipline n.
⑨联想　“抓住”(catch)飞盘，把它“取来”(fetch)
⑩仿声　“死妮子”(音似：sneeze)在“打喷嚏”(sneeze)
联想　这是一个“迪斯科”(音同：disc)“光碟”(disc)
本单元短语
become accustomed to 习惯于(做)某事
take off 起飞；突然大受欢迎；脱下
cast a shadow on 给……蒙上阴影
reach for the stars 探索星球
quest for 追求；探索；设法找到
one's heart in one's mouth 提心吊胆；心提到嗓子眼儿
tune in 收看；收听
call to 呼唤；向……喊
be composed of 由……构成/组成
02.单元评价·自查自测
Ⅰ.单词
1．________ v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
2．________ v．暂停，中止
3．________ n. (飞机上的)全体机组人员
4．________ n. 望远镜
5．________ v. 斜置
6．_____________ adj. 简单的
7．___________ n. 自我约束，自律
scream
suspend
crew
telescope
angle
straightforward
self-discipline　
8．________ v. (去)拿来
9．________ n．肌肉
10．________ v. 打喷嚏
11．___________ adj. 平常的
12．________ v. 使适应，使习惯→________ adj. 习惯的
13．________ n. 坏影响，阴影→________ adj. 秘密的；神秘的；藏在阴影中的
fetch
muscle
sneeze
unexceptional
accustom
accustomed
shadow
shadowy
14．________ v. 提交；顺从，服从→___________ n. 提交的文件，呈递材料→________ adj. 服从的，顺从的
15．________ n. 敬畏；惊惧→________ adj. 很好的，了不起的
16．________ adj. 看得见的→________ adv. 看得见地→________ adj. 看不见
submit
submission
submissive
awe
awesome
visible
visibly
invisible
Ⅱ.短语
1．________________ 计算出；解决
2．________________ 踏上
3．________________ 成功到达
4．________________ 毕竟
5．________________ 实施
6．________________ 出发，动身
7．________________ 报名参加
work out
set foot on
make it to
after all
carry out
set out
sign up for
8．________________ 意识到
9．________________ 回首
10．________________ 由……组成
11．________________ 参与，参加
12．________________ 习惯于
be aware of
look back on
be composed of
be engaged in
be/become accustomed to
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．seem to have done
When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world __________________________ its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.
当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。
seemed to have lost
2．no＋比较级＋than
The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be ____________________ travelling in an aeroplane.
世界都震惊了！大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险。
no more dangerous than
3．doing作定语
We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts ________ to the world as they stepped into the shuttle.
我们看到宇航员笑容满面，向世界挥手致意，步入航天飞机。
waving
4．There be no doubt that...句型
But ________________________________ manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
但是毫无疑问，载人飞行绝不会就此停止。1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。
there was never any doubt that
03.单元测试卷（六）
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the man like about the play
A．The story. B．The ending. C．The actor.
C
2．Which place are the speakers trying to find
A．A hotel. B．A bank. C．A restaurant.
3．At what time will the two speakers meet
A．5：20. B．5：10. C．4：40.
4．What will the man do
A．Change the plan. B．Wait for a phone call. C．Sort things out.
5．What does the woman want to do
A．See a film with the man. B．Offer the man some help.
C．Listen to some great music.
A
B
B
A
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where is Ben
A．In the kitchen. B．At school. C．In the park.
7．What will the children do in the afternoon
A．Help set the table. B．Have a party. C．Do their homework.
C
B
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What are the two speakers talking about
A．A family holiday. B．A business trip. C．A travel plan.
9．Where did Rachael go
A．Spain. B．Italy. C．China.
A
C
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．How did the woman get to know about third hand smoke
A．From young smokers. B．From a newspaper article.
C．From some smoking parents.
11．Why does the man say that he should keep away from babies
A．He has just become a father. B．He wears dirty clothes.
C．He is a smoker.
B
C
12．What does the woman suggest smoking parents should do
A．Stop smoking altogether.
B．Smoke only outside their houses.
C．Reduce dangerous matter in cigarettes.
A
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Where does Michelle Ray come from
A．A middle sized city. B．A small town. C．A big city.
14．Which place would Michelle Ray take her visitors to for shopping
A．The Zen Garden. B．The Highlands. C．The Red River area.
15．What does Michelle Ray do for complete quiet
A．Go camping. B．Study in a library. C．Read at home.
16．What are the speakers talking about in general
A．Late night shopping. B．Asian food. C．Louisville.
A
B
C
C
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Why do some people say they never have dreams according to Dr. Garfield
A．They forget about their dreams.
B．They don't want to tell the truth.
C．They have no bad experiences.
A
18．Why did Davis stop having dreams
A．He got a serious heart attack.
B．He was too sad about his brother's death.
C．He was frightened by a terrible dream.
19．What is Dr. Garfield's opinion about dreaming
A．It is very useful. B．It makes things worse.
C．It prevents the mind from working.
20．Why do some people turn off their dreams completely
A．To sleep better. B．To recover from illnesses.
C．To stay away from their problems.
B
A
C
听力材料
Text 1
W: Jack, how do you like the play
M: It's a simple story with a happy ending, but, luckily, they had a very strong actor, he managed to carry the whole play.
Text 2
M: Have we missed it The man said it's only five blocks away opposite the bank.
W: Wait a minute, the Chinese restaurant, the national bank, there it is, the Radisson Hotel.
Text 3
M: Let's meet at 20 to 5.
W: Well. Could we make it 20 past 5
M: That's a bit late for me. I could manage 10 past.
W: OK. See you then.
Text 4
M: What time are we leaving for the outing
W: I'll phone you tomorrow. I should have everything sorted out by then.
Text 5
W: Thanks for all you've done for me. Hey, listen, would you like to go to see a film sometime
M: Yeah, that'd be great. I'd love it.
Text 6
W: Hey, where is everybody
M: They took Ben to the park. Where have you been
W: Sorry, I'm late. I picked up the cake and it took me longer than I expected. When will the party start
M: Ben invited eight children from school. And they'll arrive at about 2 in the afternoon.
W: OK. Then I'll put the candles on the cake and leave it in the kitchen and then I'll come and help set the table.
Text 7
M: So, Macy, how was your holiday
W: Oh, we loved it. Tom liked Germany best, but France was my favorite.
M: So did Rachael finally go with you
W: No, she wasn't able to. She was called away for a business trip to China.
M: That's a pity. So where exactly did you go and visit
W: Well, we traveled all over, Italy, Spain and Holland; we even bathed in a Swiss lake.
M: You did, really
Text 8
W: Bob, I'm sure you know about second-hand smoke.
M: Of course, I do.
W: But have you heard about third-hand smoke
M: Third-hand smoke I'm afraid not. What is that then
W: Well, it is here in today's paper. Parents may think they are protecting children from second-hand smoke when they smoke outside their home or only when the children are not there. But now researchers are warning about what they call third-hand smoke. When you smoke dangerous matter from cigarettes get into your hair and clothing. As babies are the weakest, when you come to a baby, you pass it to the baby and increase the chances of disease in the baby.
M: Is that so In that case I have to say that I should never get close to a baby.
W: That's right. Actually all smoking parents should do the same or better give it up completely.
Text 9
M: Hello, welcome to our program “Today City”. I'm Larry. We're going to Louisville Kentucky where our guest Michelle Ray comes from. She is proud of her middle-sized city with a small town feel and big city dreams. Now, Michelle, tell us about your city.
W: Thank you, Larry. Here is my city. Louisville is my city. The first place I take visitors from out of town is to the Highlands for shopping and night life. When I have delicious Asian food I always go to the Zen Garden which provides wonderful all vegetable dishes.
M: Wow, that's interesting. Many people go for healthy food now.
W: You can say that again. If I want to go camping and finishing, I go to the Red River area. For complete quiet I can hide away in my house with a good book from one of our public libraries.
M: That all sounds very exciting. I'm sure some of our listeners will include Louisville in their travel plan for their next holiday. Thank you, Michelle.
Text 10
M: We are glad to have Dr. Garfield to talk to us today about dreams. Let me start by asking the first question. Does everyone dream
W: It appears that everyone does. Mostly when people say that they never dream, what they really mean is that they don't remember their dreams or they don't think dreams are important. The reason behind is that they might have been made fun of with a child when they first reported their dreams or it was so frightening that they just turned off dreaming completely. The other day, someone named Davis came to me and said that he used to be a great dreamer, but suddenly he stopped having dreams. I asked him what it happened.
It turned out that his brother died by heart attack and he never expected that such a terrible thing would happen to a young person. Generally, when there was some frightening event and dream about it was too terrible. People prefer not to dream about it. Actually the worst thing you can do is stop dreaming. Because it means that the bad experience would be too painful to even appear in dreams. As long as you dream about it and even the dream is frightening your mind is working on it. My personal opinion about what dreams do is that they help us deal with our problems. We see certain patterns take place in dreams. When a person is hurt deep inside, when a person is seriously ill or when a person has been really sad, if people turn off their dreams totally, it means they don't love themselves to even think about it.
A
Beijing
The patterns on folk art and their symbolic meanings suggest the values which developed over a long time. They represent shared beliefs among people especially when we are marking special occasions. The Yan Huang Art Museum is showing its collection of folk art objects, including embroidered textile (刺绣纺织品) pieces made by housewives and paper cuttings by outstanding folk artists.
Open from August 15, 10：00 am—6：00 pm, closed on Monday.
9 Huizhonglu, Yayuncun, Chaoyang district.
Shanghai
The Ming and Qing dynasties saw rising demands in an increasing middle class community for figure paintings to describe family life and express cultural values and moral beliefs. An exhibition called Family Harmony at the Long Museum's West Bund shows the roles of figure paintings in carrying on values and cultural traditions for future generations.
Open: on August 11—12, 10：00 am—5：30 pm; on August 14—17, 10：00 am—6：00 pm.
3398 Longteng Avenue, Xuhui district.
Taiyuan
The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the rise of businessmen from Shanxi Province. An accumulation of wealth over several generations also resulted in popularity of wearing gold and silver accessories (配饰) among people in Shanxi throughout the first half of the 20th century. Shanxi Bronze Museum traces the unique history.
Open: 9：00 am—5: 00 pm, Tuesday—Sunday, closed on August 11—13.
13 Guangjing Lu, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. Reservation required.
Chengdu
The exhibition at Sichuan Museum shows the long standing influence of the exchanges between different civilizations which were boosted by the ancient Silk Road. There are nearly 300 artifacts reflecting the diversity and dynamics of these cultures.
Open: 9：00 am—1：00 pm, on August 11; 1：00 pm—5：00 pm, on August 12; 9：00 am—5：00 pm, on August 13—17.
251 Huanhua Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province.
21．What can a visitor to the museum in Shanghai do
A．Learn about paper-cuttings.
B．Admire figure paintings.
C．Try on expensive accessories.
D．Appreciate ancient foreign cultures.
答案：B　
解析：细节理解题。根据Shanghai部分中“An exhibition called Family Harmony at the Long Museum's West Bund shows the roles of figure paintings in carrying on values and cultural traditions for future generations.”可知，参观上海的博物馆的游客可以欣赏人物画。故选B项。
22．Which museum is open on August 13
A．Yan Huang Art Museum. B．Long Museum's West Bund.
C．Shanxi Bronze Museum. D．Sichuan Museum.
答案：D　
解析：细节理解题。根据Chengdu部分中“The exhibition at Sichuan Museum...by the ancient Silk Road.”和“Open: 9：00 am—1：00 pm, on August 11; 1：00 pm—5：00 pm, on August 12; 9：00 am—5：00 pm, on August 13—17，”可知，8月13日四川博物馆开放。故选D项。
23．In which part of a website can we find the text
A．Economy. B．Entertainment. C．Culture. D．People.
答案：C　
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章分别介绍了北京、上海、太原和成都四地的博物馆举办的展览的相关信息，由此推知，本文可能出自网站的文化版块。故选C项。
B
The wind roils the Midwest plains as if it is searching for someone or something to carry away. Dust and chaff funnel into blinding clouds. The clatter of storms overhead makes it impossible to hear, and herds of bison (野牛) grow restless. The Omaha tribe has wandered these plains for generations, and now, it seems that the winds have brought back one of their own. Susan La Flesche has returned to the village where she was born, not as a visitor, but as the region's only doctor.
When Susan was 8 years old, she waited at the bedside of an elderly woman writhing in pain. A doctor was called for. They waited. A messenger was sent. The doctor still didn't come. Susan provided what comfort she could through the night, but by sunrise, the elderly woman had died. The episode both haunted and motivated Susan. She threw herself into her studies and earned her way to what is now Hampton University in Virginia—a historically Black college with a programme for native American students. And she finished second in her class.
Susan would never forget the childhood she enjoyed, full of powwows, buffalo hunts and the people she loved. But there was further to go. She enrolled in the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, a tedious train ride away from the world she knew. It was 1886, and the Victorian age held stiff against the progress of women. In her graduation speech from Hampton, she told the East Coast audience, “Give us a chance.” Three years later, she became a doctor.
Returning to the plains to serve her people was a difficult task. She opened an office in the government boarding school and began seeing patients. The lines were long, including old and young people seeking the reprieve (缓解) from cholera and tuberculosis (肺结核) as well as a slew of other diseases. Susan worked long hours at her office but also braved the wind and snow, walking miles to make house calls. Her work was more than as a physician. She often acted as lawyer, accountant, priest, political liaison and counselor as she helped the Omaha people navigate the new world. And Dr Susan La Flesche was determined to spend her entire life helping her people navigate the storms.
24．Why was the environment of the plains described in the first paragraph
A．To arouse readers' interest.
B．To lead to the topic of the passage.
C．To show the main idea of the passage.
D．To introduce terrible conditions there.
答案：B　
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“The wind roils the Midwest plains as if it is searching for someone or something to carry away. Dust and chaff funnel into blinding clouds. The clatter of storms overhead makes it impossible to hear, and herds of bison (野牛) grow restless. The Omaha tribe has wandered these plains for generations, and now, it seems that the winds have brought back one of their own. Susan La Flesche has returned to the village where she was born, not as a visitor, but as the region's only doctor.”可推知，第一段描述平原的环境是为了引出文章主题。故选B。
25．What contributed to Susan's being a doctor
A．Local bad weather.
B．Her passion for Medical Science.
C．The opposition to women's progress.
D．The lack of medical resources in her hometown.
答案：D　
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“When Susan was 8 years old, she waited at the bedside of an elderly woman writhing in pain. A doctor was called for. They waited. A messenger was sent. The doctor still didn't come. Susan provided what comfort she could through the night, but by sunrise, the elderly woman had died. The episode both haunted and motivated Susan.”可知，家乡缺乏医疗资源，这促使苏珊成为一名医生。故选D。
26．What can we learn about Susan's college life
A．It was interesting.
B．It went as expected.
C．It was full of hardships.
D．It was the same as her life in her hometown.
答案：C　
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“But there was further to go. She enrolled in the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, a tedious train ride away from the world she knew. It was 1886, and the Victorian age held stiff against the progress of women.”可知，苏珊的大学生活充满了艰辛。故选C。
27．Which words can best describe Susan
A．Intelligent and brave. B．Hard-working and helpful.
C．Learned and modest. D．Optimistic and ambitious.
答案：B　
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“She threw herself into her studies and earned her way to what is now Hampton University in Virginia—a historically Black college with a programme for native American students. And she finished second in her class.”以及最后一段可推知，苏珊很努力且乐于助人。故选B。
C
Climate change and beer might be two things that rarely appear in the same sentence. But according to an article in the scientific journal Nature Plants, if the Earth gets warmer, your Friday-night drink might get pricier.
The team behind the article modelled the effect of extreme events on production of barley, the main ingredient of beer. “Extreme weather conditions such as drought or heat will impact barley production. Barley is irreplaceable in beer making，” said Xie Wei, first author of the article.
“If barley production drops, beer production will also drop, and beer might get more expensive.” When global temperatures rise to their highest, global beer supply will drop by 16 per cent. Prices will also be hiked due to the drop in supply. For instance, a 4.84 US dollar price hike in a 500 ml bottle is projected in Ireland, almost doubling the previous price. Quality of that beer might also be affected. If barley cannot receive enough irrigation, quality of the protein and carbohydrate in its grain will drop.
In fact, the effect of drought on beer production has been seen. Bloomberg reported that drought and heat caused a 30 to 40 per cent drop in barley production in European barley producing regions during summer 2018, leading to a 35 per cent price hike in barley in France.
However, regional fluctuations in barley production are still manageable now. If production in one region fails, beer makers can make it up by importing more from other regions. But if climate change gets out of control, the impact will be global. Agriculture is incredibly vulnerable to climate change.
Xie pointed out the impact of climate change is not only limited to staple crops. “We are only using barley and beer as an example of high-added-value agricultural products，” said Xie. “In countries like China, per person consumption of staple crops is dropping, but that of products such as dairy and beer is rising.”
Beer, not essential for human survival, occupies a major part in culture around the world. That gives people yet one more reason to care more about climate change.
28．What can we know from the first two paragraphs
A．Extreme weather influences the price of beer.
B．The more irrigation, the better quality of beer.
C．It's necessary to replace barley in beer making.
D．Efforts should be made to promote beer production.
答案：A　
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“But according to an article in the scientific journal Nature Plants, if the Earth gets warmer, your Friday-night drink might get pricier.”以及第二段“Extreme weather conditions such as drought or heat will impact barley production. Barley is irreplaceable in beer making...”及“If barley production drops, beer production will also drop, and beer might get more expensive.”可知，极端天气影响啤酒的价格。故选A项。
29．Why is Bloomberg's report mentioned in Paragraph 3
A．To lead in a new topic.
B．To make a comparison.
C．To give a supporting example.
D．To provide background information.
答案：C　
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“In fact, the effect of drought on beer production has been seen. Bloomberg reported that drought and heat caused a 30 to 40 per cent drop in barley production in European barley producing regions during summer 2018，leading to a 35 per cent price hike in barley in France.”可推知，干旱对啤酒生产的影响已经被看到了，所以后文提到了彭博社的报告是为了给出一个支持的例子。故选C项。
30．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A．Important. B．Sensitive. C．Adaptable. D．Resistant.
答案：B　
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“But if climate change gets out of control, the impact will be global.”可知，如果气候变化失去控制，其影响将是全球性的。根据后文“...to climate change.”可知，这里是说，农业对气候变化很敏感，牵一发而动全身。故画线词意思是“敏感的”。故选B项。
31．What's the author's potential purpose in writing the text
A．To popularize agricultural products.
B．To show the importance of beer in culture.
C．To draw people's concern on climate change.
D．To indicate the impact of temperature on staple crops.
答案：C　
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Beer，not essential for human survival, occupies a major part in culture around the world. That gives people yet one more reason to care more about climate change.”可知，啤酒并非人类生存的必需品，却在世界各地的文化中占据着重要的地位。这给了人们更多关注气候变化的理由。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的潜在目的是引起人们对气候变化的关注。故选C项。
D
Winters are long and unforgiving in North Dakota. The winter of 1996 was especially brutal. It was a hard time in my own life too. A neck injury had kept me flat in bed for nearly a year. “Just in time for Easter，” my husband Dick said. But how could I feel the joy when the snow was four feet deep and I had months of painful physical treatment ahead
I was doing the dishes one day, feeling hopeless when there was a tap against the glass. It was a branch of the troublesome cottonwood (棉白杨). Back in the fall of 1979, it was a new subdivision (分支) then, an eight-foot stick. The people who'd briefly occupied the house before us had placed the pipe from the pump next to it, hoping, I suppose, that the water would keep it alive. The earth was so wet that the poor thing had fallen down, most of its root system pointing skywards, and blowing hopelessly back and forth in the cold wind. Dick decided to pull it out one day, but I protested.
“Look at how hard it's trying！” I said, pointing to the way it strongly kept hold of the earth. “It deserves a chance.”
Dick borrowed some tools. He packed dry soil around the tree and put up some stakes (桩) into the ground, making it stand upright. That winter was terrible. Surprisingly, in the spring my “rescue stick” put forth a few leaves, then lots of branches. The year after that, we were able to remove the stakes. By the 1990s that little stick had become a giant tree, towering over the house.
Now the tapping at the window continued, louder as the wind picked up, almost as though to tell me to look up. At last, I did. I caught my breath. Through the window against the icy blue sky, thousands and thousands of fresh red buds were waving in the wind.
The tree was bursting with life and I had a wonderful Easter.
32．What is the meaning of the underlined word “brutal” in Paragraph 1
A．Busy. B．Hard. C．Long. D．Warm.
答案：B　
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的Winters are long and unforgiving in North Dakota.以及It was a hard time in my own life too. A neck injury had kept me flat in bed for nearly a year.可推测出brutal的意思应是“艰难的”，故选B项。
33．How did Dick rescue the new subdivision
A．By supporting the stick firmly.
B．By watering the stick regularly.
C．By distributing chemical fertiliser.
D．By gathering sticks day and night.
答案：A　
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的He packed dry soil around the tree and put up some stakes into the ground, making it stand upright.可知，迪克在树的周围围上干土，并且插了几根桩子牢牢地支撑着它。故选A项。
34．What is the author's purpose in writing the last paragraph
A．To inform us of the current condition of her cottonwood.
B．To imply that she'd gone through the hardest time and felt hopeful.
C．To tell us that the tree had survived the awful winter.
D．To suggest what she was going to do for the coming festival.
答案：B　
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段The tree was bursting with life and I had a wonderful Easter.可知，那棵树重新焕发生机，作者也过了一个美好的复活节，这暗示她已经度过了最艰难的时期并且变得满怀希望，故选B项。
35．Which of the following can serve as the main idea of the passage
A．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
B．There is no garden without its weeds.
C．Success is the accumulation of sweat.
D．Where there's life, there's hope.
答案：D　
解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了作者在生活的低谷时，和丈夫亲手救活了垂死的棉白杨树的树枝，之后它变得枝繁叶茂，作者从中受到启发，对生活又重新燃起希望的故事。所以这篇文章的主题思想是：有生命的地方就有希望。故选D项。
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Online courses have become popular in many countries. There are different kinds of online courses, but most show a video of a teacher and students in a classroom. Students watch the video online and take part in online activities. Some courses are free and open to anyone. __36__ Of course, watching videos on a screen is not the same as taking part in a real class.
__37__ In Singapore, eight schools have been chosen to try new ways of using technology in the classroom. The schools have tablets(平板电脑)and touchscreens instead of books and blackboards in the classroom. __38__ Through them, students can communicate with each other and work on projects together.
In South Korea, some students have been taught English by teachers in the Philippines and other countries since 2011. The teachers are in their home countries and are connected to the Korean classrooms via the Internet. Instead of looking at a screen, the students interact with a robot in the classroom. The robot is controlled by the teacher. __39__
Thanks to technology, more and more ways of teaching and learning are being developed.
__40__ But one thing is for sure—there has never been a more interesting time to be a student.
A．E-learning can be successful.
B．There are also social media platforms (平台).
C．Other kinds of e-learning are being tested around the world.
D．They give students anywhere the chance to study at any time.
E．Nobody knows what the classroom of the future will look like.
F．And it can move around the classroom and talk with the students.
G．The courses that are taught via the Internet are called online courses.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在线课程的有关内容，包括在线课程的形式、内容等。随着科技的发展，教学方式也在不断地发展。
36．答案：D　解析：根据空前Students watch the video online and take part in online activities. Some courses are free and open to anyone.(学生可以在线观看视频也可以参与线上活动。一些课程是对任何人免费开放的。)，正是因为网络的便利性，学生可以随时随地进行学习。D项提到“它们给了学生随时随地学习的机会。”符合文意，故选D。
37．答案：C　解析：第二段中提到了新加坡对在线学习的实践，说明了在线学习在不同国家的测试。C项符合文意，故选C。
38．答案：B　根据空后Through them，students can communicate with each other and work on projects together.(通过它们，学生可以进行交流，共同完成项目。)，代词them指代B项中的social media platforms。B项符合文意，故选B。
39．答案：F　解析：根据空前Instead of looking at a screen，the students interact with a robot in the classroom. The robot is controlled by the teacher.(学生们不再盯着屏幕，而是在教室里与机器人互动。这个机器人是由老师控制的。)，F项中的it指代前文中出现的robot，机器人可以在教室里走动，并和学生进行交流。F项符合文意，故选F。
40．答案：E　解析：根据空前Thanks to technology，more and more ways of teaching and learning are being developed.(由于科技，越来越多的教学和学习方法都在不断发展。)，可推知科技的发展会造成什么样的未来还是未知的。E项符合文意，故选E。
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The International Space Station (ISS) is a huge space station. It is being __41__ by thousands of people from 16 countries. All these people are trying to find out if humans can one day build homes in space.
Floating about 230 miles above Earth, the ISS currently __42__ a huge building project out in space.
US space shuttles and Russian rockets have been __43__ tools and pieces of the station into space to help finish building it. From the beginning of its construction in 1998 to its __44__， more than 100 major pieces will be put together to create this amazing space station. When __45__， it will be the largest structure ever to fly above Earth. The ISS will be __46__ than a football field and will weigh about one million pounds.
In addition to helping build the space station, __47__ are trying to answer such questions as these: How does space travel affect germs Does the human body break down food __48__ in space Someday, the station may even serve as a launch pad (发射台) for trips to other planets, such as Mars.
Because of its __49__ size, the ISS needs a lot of __50__. Like other man-made objects in space, its power comes from the __51__. To create solar energy, large panels (嵌板) are lined with special materials. These materials __52__ the sun's energy and change it into electricity.
So what does it cost to build such a structure It costs over $60 billion dollars. __53__ this may seem astronomical, it may be a small price to __54__ a project that enables some of the world's finest scientists to work together, exploring space for the world's __55__．
41．A.discussed B．used C．driven D．constructed
42．A.looks like B．comes from C．turns into D．belongs to
43．A.changing B．transporting C．breaking D．dividing
44．A.design B．progress C．popularity D．completion
45．A.applied B．closed C．entered D．finished
46．A.longer B．larger C．better D．more
47．A.scientists B．professors C．architects D．workers
48．A.differently B．actively C．instantly D．wholly
49．A.limited B．standard C．middle D．impressive
50．A.astronauts B．experts C．power D．space
51．A.wind B．air C．sun D．water
52．A.collect B．produce C．provide D．consume
53．A.Since B．If C．When D．Although
54．A.take over B．set up C．pay for D．lead to
55．A.existence B．future C．peace D．dream
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了正在建设中的国际空间站的一些情况，包括它的益处以及花费等等。
41．答案：D　解析：根据空后的by thousands of people from 16 countries及后文可知，它是由来自16个国家的数千人建造的。故选D。
42．答案：A　解析：根据Floating about 230 miles above Earth, the ISS...a huge building project out in space.可知，目前，国际空间站漂浮在距地球大约230英里的高空，看起来就像一个巨大的太空建筑工程。故选A。
43．答案：B　解析：句意为：美国的航天飞机和俄罗斯的火箭一直在将(建设)国际空间站(需要的)工具和部件运送到太空，来帮助完成空间站的建设。transport意为“运输”，故选B。
44．答案：D　解析：根据语境可知，此处指从1998年开始建造到完成所需要的部件。completion意为“完成”，故选D。
45．答案：D　解析：根据空后it will be the largest structure ever to fly above Earth可知，国际空间站建成后，它将成为有史以来在地球上空飞行的最大的建筑。故选D。
46．答案：B　解析：根据空后的than a football field and will weigh about one million pounds可知，此处指国际空间站将比一个足球场大。故选B。
47．答案：A　解析：根据空后How does space travel affect germs Does the human body break down food __48__ in space？可推断，这些问题都应是科学家们试着回答的。故选A。
48．答案：A　解析：句意：人体在太空中分解食物的方式会不同吗？differently意为“不同地”，符合语境。故选A。
49．答案：D　解析：根据上文中的it will be the largest structure ever to fly above Earth可知，国际空间站的体积巨大，十分惊人。故选D。
50．答案：C　解析：根据空后的its power comes from可知，此处指需要巨大的能量。故选C。
51．答案：C　解析：根据空后的To create solar energy可知，此处指和太空中的其他人造物体一样，它的能量来自太阳。故选C。
52．答案：A　解析：根据空后的change it into electricity可知，这些材料收集太阳的能量并将其转化为电能。故选A。
53．答案：D　解析：根据语境可知，this may seem astronomical与it may be a small price之间为转折关系。故选D。
54．答案：C　解析：pay the price for sth.意为“为某事付出代价”。故选C。
55．答案：B　解析：根据语境可知，建造国际空间站是为了世界的未来而探索太空。故选B。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Millions of Americans are mourning the death of astronaut John Glenn who passed away 56.________(peaceful) on December 8, 2016 at the age of 95. President Donald Trump said, “The US has lost a great pioneer in space travel.”
Glenn 57.________ (start) his flying career as a fighter pilot. In 1959 Glenn became one of the seven test pilots 58.________ (choose) to take part in the first space program of the US.
Glenn rose to fame in 1962 when he became the first American 59.________ (circle ) the Earth in a spaceship. The journey made him 60.________ American hero. As a member of the Democratic Party, Glenn first won the election to the Senate(参议院) in 1974 and served for 24 years 61.________ January 3, 1999.
Glenn was known for his modesty, refusing to see 62.________ (he) as a hero. He preferred to focus on his work, saying, “The greatest people are those 63.________ devote themselves to something 64.________ (important) than merely their own self-interest.”
On October 29, 1998, when Glenn was 77, he returned to space and stayed there for nine days, thus 65.________ (set) the record of being the oldest person in space.
56．答案：peacefully　解析：考查副词。设空处在句中作状语，因此需要用副词形式peacefully。
57．答案：started　解析：考查动词的时态。此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
58．答案：chosen　解析：考查非谓语动词。chosen to take part in the first space program of the US是过去分词短语作定语，修饰seven test pilots, choose与被饰词之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词。
59．答案：to circle　解析：考查非谓语动词。序数词或由序数词修饰的中心词后常用不定式作定语。
60．答案：an　解析：考查冠词。an American hero“一位美国英雄”，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词an。
61．答案：until/till　解析：考查介词。句意：作为民主党成员，格伦于1974年首次赢得参议院选举，并在参议院任职24年，直到1999年1月3日。由句意可知，设空处表示“直到……为止”。
62．答案：himself　解析：考查代词。这里指的是Glenn自己本人，故用he的反身代词。
63．答案：who　解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为those，指人，定语从句中的关系代词用who。
64．答案：more important　解析：考查形容词的比较级。由空后的than可知，此处应用important的比较级形式。
65．答案：setting　解析：考查非谓语动词。thus setting the record of being the oldest person in space是现在分词短语作状语，表示结果，set与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词。
假定你是中学生李华，得知2024年北京马拉松组委会正通过网络招募志愿者。请根据以下要点，用英文给组委会写一封申请信。内容包括：
1.写信的目的；
2.说明个人优势：精通英语，热爱运动，有类似的活动经验；
3.希望申请成功。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir or Madame，
________________________________________________________________________
I'm looking forward to your early response.
Yours，
Li Hua
Dear Sir or Madame，
I'm Li Hua, a high school student from Beijing. Interested in The 2024 Beijing Marathon, I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer in the game.
I have the necessary qualifications and experience needed for the voluntary job. Above all, I'm a fluent English speaker so that I have no difficulty communicating with the visitors. Besides, keen on sports, I'm quite familiar with different events and the locations of the venues as a local. Equally importantly, I previously served as a volunteer several times, which is also an advantage over other candidates. I do believe I can do the job well if I'm granted a chance.
I'm looking forward to your early response.
Yours，
Li Hua
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Through our lives, we can gain a lot and lose so much. But being honest should always be with us, as honesty is always regarded as a virtue. Every time I talk about the topic, something crowds in my mind as if it has just happened.
I was 16 when one morning, Dad told me I could drive him to Mijas and then take the car to a nearby garage to get it serviced. At that time, I had just passed the driving test, and I hardly had a chance to use the car, so I said yes without hesitation.
I drove my father to Mijas, promising to pick him up again at 4 pm, and then I went to a nearby garage, and put the car there. Since I had several hours to spare, I decided to go to a movie theater near the garage to see a movie. However, I was so absorbed in the plot of the movie that I forgot the time. When the last movie finished, I looked at my watch: 6 pm. I was two hours late!
I thought my father would be very angry if he knew what I was doing. And he would never let me drive again. So I decided to make up an excuse. Then, I drove to the appointed place, and my father was sitting in a corner, waiting patiently. I first apologized for being late, and then told him that I wanted to get there as soon as possible, but that something was wrong with some of the main parts of the car.
I would never forget the way he looked at me. “I'm very disappointed that you thought you had to lie to me, Jason.” My father looked at me again and said，“When you didn't show up on time, I called the garage and asked if there was anything wrong. They told me you never picked up the car. So, you see, I know there's nothing wrong with the car at all.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
A wave of guilt swept over me and I had to admit the fact that I had gone to the movies and that
was the real reason why I was late.____________ ___________________________________
“But father, it's exactly eighteen miles home from here, and it's dark. You can't walk back，” I begged.______________________
参考范文：
A wave of guilt swept over me and I had to admit the fact that I had gone to the movies and that was the real reason why I was late. My father listened intently, and a wave of sadness passed over his face. He said, “I am very angry, not for you, but for myself. You see, I've learned that I failed as a father. If you still feel like you have to lie to me after all these years, I failed because I raised a son who couldn't even tell his father the truth and I'm going to walk home and reflect on some of the things I've done wrong over the years.”
“But father, it's exactly eighteen miles home from here, and it's dark. You can't walk back，” I begged. My protests, my apologies, and whatever I said were in vain. I had to let my father walk out of the car and was about to learn the most painful lesson of my life. My father began to walk along the dusty road. I quickly jumped into the car and followed him closely, hoping he would be kind enough to stop. I prayed all the way and told him how sad and sorry I was. But he took no notice of me, and continued to be silent and thoughtful. I followed him for the whole eighteen miles. Watching my father suffer so much, both physically and emotionally, was the saddest and most painful experience I had ever faced. But it was also the most successful lesson of my life and I never lied to him again.Section Ⅳ　Writing——写一篇关于太空生活的日记
Part Ⅰ　文体感知
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
The passage is mainly about______________________________.
Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达
主题 Living in space
见闻 In space, even the most straightforward, everyday tasks can be quite ①________. ...Astronauts need to... To keep themselves clean, the astronauts...
感受 Imagine what would ②________ if they caught a cold and started to sneeze.
Ⅲ.知识点
fetch v．(去)拿来，找求
(教材原句)A Vacuum cleaner also comes in handy for fetching items that are floating around out-of-reach!
吸尘器也可以方便地取出漂浮在够不到的地方的物品！
Could you fetch me the tape/fetch the tape for me from my drawer？你能帮我把抽屉里的磁带拿来吗？
Quick! Go and fetch a doctor.快！去请医生来。
She's gone to fetch the kids from school.她去学校接孩子了。
fetch sb. sth.＝fetch sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物
fetch sb.from sth. 去某地接某人
[辨析比较]
bring “带来；拿来”→(由远而近)；
take “带去；拿去”→(由近而远)；
fetch “去拿来，去请来”→(由近而远，再由远而近，指往返动作)。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①你去另一个房间帮我把眼镜拿过来好吗？
Could you _____________________ from the other room, please
②我得去车站接我母亲。
I have to ______________________________________________．
③本生病了，快去请医生来。
Ben is ill. Go and ____________________________________ quickly.
④请到隔壁房间去拿一张扶手椅给她。
Please ________________ from the next room.
识记下列重要短语,
①in space在太空中
②on board a spacecraft 在宇宙飞船上
③on a regular basis定期地
④more or less 或多或少
⑤in liquid form 以液体的形式
⑥carry out执行，实施
⑦focus on 把焦点集中在……
Part Ⅱ　Writing a journal entry about living in space
1．篇章结构
第一部分：交代事件的基本情况，如时间、地点及参加人员等(常用过去时)；
第二部分：描述事件的过程及所见所闻(常用过去时)；
第三部分：简述自己的收获及感想(当时的感想常用过去时，对将来的影响常用将来时)。
2．常用表达
?...participated in a visit to... organised by our class.
……参加了由我们班组织的参观……的活动。
?...reached there by...at around...o'clock.
……在大约……点钟，乘坐……到达那里。
?...were absorbed in a brief introduction about...关于……的简介吸引了……
?We set out to explore...我们开始探索……
?...were immersed in...related to...
……沉浸于有关……(的活动中)。
?I benefited a lot from...……使我受益匪浅。
?Not only did it broaden my horizons，but it also made me take pride in...它不仅开阔了我的眼界，而且让我为……感到自豪。
?What an unforgettable experience it was!这是一次多么难忘的经历啊！
?I learnt a lot from...我从……中学到了很多。
?...made me proud of...and opened my eyes to...
……使我为……感到骄傲，还让我了解了……
?I will never forget it!我永远不会忘记(这次经历)！
典题演练
你的朋友Jim给你来信，想通过你所观看的太空生活影片和新闻报道来了解宇航员，请根据提示信息，介绍一下你的观点：
1．宇航员漂浮使骨头开始变得又软又薄；
2．在太空中，没有重力的牵引，血液会流向上半身和头部；
3．宇航员回到地球必须休息，以便他们的身体有时间制造新的血液和水。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
谋篇布局
遣词造句
完成句子
1．他们的腿不怎么活动，他们的下背部开始失去力量。
They do not use their legs much and their lower backs begin to ________________．
2．这种情况导致骨头变得脆弱和薄。 This ________________ and thin.
3．这对宇航员的身体非常不利。 It ______________ astronauts' bodies.
4．在太空中，没有重力的牵引，血液会流向上半身和头部。
In space, without ________________， the blood moves to the upper body and head.
句式升级
5．用非谓语动词和非限制性定语从句合并1、2、3句。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
完美成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section Ⅳ　Writing——写一篇关于太空生活的日记
Part Ⅰ　文体感知
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
a journey entry living in space
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
①difficult　②happen
Ⅲ.知识点
1．①fetch me my glasses/fetch my glasses for me　②fetch my mother from the station　③fetch a doctor　④fetch an armchair for her
Part Ⅱ 　Writing a journal entry about living in space
遣词造句
1．lose strength　2.causes the bones to get weak　3.is very bad for　4.the pull of gravity
5．They do not use their legs much and their lower backs begin to lose strength, causing the bones to get weak and thin, which is very bad for astronauts' bodies.
完美成篇
Dear Jim，
I'm writing to introduce to you how the astronauts stay healthy in space.
Living in space is not the same as living on Earth. In space, astronauts float. They do not use their legs much and their lower backs begin to lose strength, causing the bones to get weak and thin, which is very bad for astronauts' bodies.
The heart and blood change in space, too. In space, without the pull of gravity, the blood moves to the upper body and head. When the astronauts come back to Earth, the astronauts have to rest so their bodies have time to make new blood and water. If they don't, they can feel very weak. They might even faint!
Hoping you can have a knowledge of the life in space.
Yours，
Li Hua

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