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初中英语语法讲练手册 chapter 19 定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定 语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又 作从句中的一个成分。
引导定语从句的关系代词有that,who,whom,whose,which,as 等；关系副词有when, where,why 等。具体如下表所示：
关 系 词 所修饰的先行词 在从句所作的成分
关系代词 who 人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语、表语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
why 原因名词 原因状语
(
①
关系代词的用法
)
(
that
的用法
that
既可以指人也可以指物，指人时有时可与
who,whom
互换，指物时有时可与
which
互
换。在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。
His
father
works
in
a
factory
that
/
which
makes
cars
.
他父亲在一家汽车制造厂工作。
)
作主语，指物
The lady (that/who/whom) I want to visit taught me English at that time.
作宾语，指人
我要去拜访的那位女士那个时候教我英语。 The school(that/which) we visited yesterday is a good one.
作宾语，指物
我们昨天参观的学校是所好学校。 She is all that a teacher should be.
作表语，指人
她具备一个老师应具备的所有条件。
特别留意
■关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提前则用which或whom。
The man on whom the whole family rely died in a traffic accident yesterday.
=The man whom/that the whole family rely on died in a traffic accident yesterday.
昨 天 那 个 死 于 交 通 事 故 的 人 是 他 们 全 家 的 依 靠 。
(
which
的用法
)
which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略(放在介词后除外)。
which也可以代替整个主句。
The book which/that tells us many things is very interesting.
作 主 语
告诉我们许多事情的那本书很有趣。
The watch(which/that) I gave you was worth $10.我送你的那块表值10美元。
(
作
宾
语
)
The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for man to live.
(
代替整个主句
)
(
who/whom
的用法
)
who,whom 都可指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。 作宾语的关系代词who,whom 可以省略。在现代英语里，who也可代替whom在从句中作动词的 宾 语 。
The man who lives in that house is my uncle.
作主语
住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。 Tom is the boy (who/whom) we saw in the shop.
作宾语
汤姆就是我们在商店里看见的那个男孩。 He didn't become the person who his father wanted him to be.
作表语
他没有成为他父亲希望的那种人。 The man (who/whom) you looked for yesterday has already come.
作宾语
你昨天找的那个人已经来了。
特 别 留 意
■whom 在从句中作介词的宾语、且介词提到whom 前面时，不能用who 代替。
I have many friends to whom I will send postcards. 我有许多需要寄贺卡的朋友。
(
whose
的用
法
)
whose在定语从句中作定语，可以指人也可以指物。 Chaplin was a great actor whose name is well-known all over the world.
指 人
卓别林是一位闻名于世的伟大的演员。 We have English classes in the classroom whose door is broken.
指 物
我们在那个门坏了的教室里上英语课。
关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。
(
when
的用法
)
when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行 词通常为time,day,morning,night,week,year等。
I'll never forget the days when we worked together. 我永远不会忘记我们一起工作的那些日子。
He came at a time when we needed help.
他在我们需要帮忙的时候来了。
(
where
的用法
)
where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place,factory,street,house, room,city,town,country 等。
Have you been to the seaside where we can enjoy swimming
你去过那个我们可以尽情游泳的海滨吗
This is the city where I have worked for 20 years.
这就是我工作了20年的城市。
Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.
有些太冷不能种水稻的地方，可以种马铃薯。
why 的 用 法
why指原因或理由，在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reason。
I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.
我不知道为什么她今天看上去不高兴。
Who can tell me the reason why the train was delayed
谁能告诉我火车延误的原因
(
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
)
(
A
) (
介词
+
which
)
B
“介词+which” 相当于一个关系副词，介词的选用由which 所代替的名词在构成介词短 语时与介词的固定搭配所决定。
We don't know the time when/at which the meeting will begin.
我们不知道会议开始的时间。(at the time→at which=when)
This is the house where/in which Shakespeare was born.
这是莎士比亚出生的那所房子。(in the house→in which=where)
which 所修饰的先行词为由介词构成的短语动词的宾语。这一结构中，介词的选用取决
于句中的短语动词或固定搭配中所需要的介词。
This is the subject about which we might argue for a long time.
=This is the subject which/that we might argue about for a long time.
这是一个我们可能会长期争论的问题。
(
介词+
whom
)
当关系代词替代的是人而不是物，并在定语从句中作介词宾语时，要用whom。这一结构 中，介词的选用取决于句子中相关结构所需要的介词搭配。
They are the girls with whom my daughter goes to school.
=They are the girls (who/whom/that) my daughter goes to school with.
她们就是那些跟我女儿一块去上学的女孩。
This is the hero of whom we are proud.
=This is the hero(who/whom/that) we are proud of 这就是我们引以为荣的英雄。
(
特别留意
■有些“动词+介词”短语，如
look for,look after,call on
等不可拆开把介词置于关系代
词之前。
Is this the watch which he is
l
ooking
for

这是他正在找的那块手表吗
)
(
名词/代词+介词+关系代词
)
I bought a dozen of eggs, half of which were broken when I got home. 我买了一打鸡蛋，当我到家时碎了一半。
(
4
定语从句的注意事项
)
A that和which的区别
that和which在引导定语从句修饰物时，一般没有区别，但在下列情形下不宜互换：
只 用that不用which引导的定语从句
a 先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,nothing ,
none,some 等时。
As we all know,all that can be done has been done.众所周知，所有能做的都已经做了。
Here is everything that makes us happy.这是能使我们快乐的所有东西。
b 先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,the right,the last, few,just等修饰时。
All the books that you offered has been given out.你提供的所有的书都已经分发出去了。
Where is the very MP5 that I bought just now 我刚才买的那个MP5在哪里
It is the only word that I don't know in the passage.
这是这段话里唯一一个我不认识的单词。
c 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。
This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city.
这是这座城市迄今为止所放映过的最好的电影。
The children like the second lesson that is about “the basketball match”.
孩子们喜欢有关“篮球赛”的第二课。
He was the first that gave us some useful advice.
他是第一个给我们一些有用建议的人。
d 当先行词既有人又有物时。
We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
我们谈论起了我们记忆中的人和事。
The character and event(that) the author described in his book are very interesting.
作者在他书里描写的那些人和事非常有意思。
e 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which of us that knows something about physics cannot join electric wires
我们中懂物理的谁不会接电线
只 用which不用that引导的定语从句
a 用于介词后，跟介词一起引导定语从句时。
The house in which they are living was built 50 years ago.
他们现在住的房子是50年前建的。
China has hundreds of islands,of which Taiwan is the largest one.
中国有数百个岛屿，其中台湾是最大的一个。
b 先行词本身是that时 。
What's that which flashed in the sky just now 刚才天空中一闪而过的是什么东西
I don't like that which he did. 我不喜欢他做的那件事。
(
只
用
who
不用
that
引导的定语从
句
)
先行词如果是指人的不定代词或指示代词，如one,anyone,no one,all,nobody,anybody,
none,those等，不宜用that。
Anyone who wants to pass the exams must work hard every day.
任何想通过考试的人必须每天努力学习。
Those who have good manners will be respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的尊重。
当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时。
The professor is coming soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English.
给我们作关于如何学英语讲座的教授快要来了。
The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother.找妈妈时迷了路的那个小男孩正哭得厉害。
连线中考
1. There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip. (河北) A.who B.that C.whom D.whose
2.The first thing my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter. (广东)
A.which B.that C.why D.who
3. —Who is your new head teacher this semester
—The woman _is wearing a red skirt. (湖北黄冈)
A.whom B.who C.whose D.which
4. Tony,tell me the result of the discussion you had with your dad yesterday. (河南) A.what B.which C.when D.who
5. John is the boy legs were badly hurt in the accident. (天津)
A.whose B.that C.who D.which
6. Jane is one of the students in the class have ever been to China. (甘肃兰州) A.who B.whose C.which D.whom
7. One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake. (江苏扬州) A.what B.who C.that D./
8. —Do you know the man is reading the book over there —Yes,he's Mrs.Green,our PE teacher.
A.which B.what C.whom D.who
(湖北襄阳)
9. —Is there anyone here name is Betty
—Sorry,I don't know. (内蒙古呼和浩特) A.who B.which C.whom D.whose
1.I began to work in Shanghai in the year Hong Kong was returned to China. A.that B.which C.where D.when
2. Jim dislikes people talk much but never do anything.
A.whom B.when C.whose D.who
3. The only thing we could do was to ask the police for help.
A.which B.who C.that D.whom
4. I have been to that tall and modern building my father works
A.which B.that C.where D.when
5.— What do you think of the book A Haw Tree written by a woman writer —It reminds me of the days I spent in the countryside.
A.when B.that C.who D.where
6. This is the town in _I was born.
A.that B.who C.which D.whom
7.I like music I can dance to.
A.what B.who C.that D.when
8. We should learn from those are always ready to help others. A.who B.whom C.they D.that
9. All the apples fell down from the tree couldn't be eaten.
A.which B./ C.that D.they
10. This is the biggest lab _we have ever built in our university.
A.which B.what C.that D.where
第19章
定语从句
1. B 题意：有非常多的事情需要我在旅行前做准备。定语从句缺少宾语，且先行词为指物的things, 故 选that 。who,whom 引导定语从句时，先行词一般指人；whose 在定语从句中作定语。
2.B 题意：我弟弟今天下午要做的第一件事就是写信。定语从句中谓语动词do 后缺少宾语，先行词 前有序数词修饰，只能用that引导。
3.B 题意：“这个学期谁是你们的新校长 ”“穿红色短裙的那位女士。”定语从句缺主语且先行词 为指人的名词woman, 关系代词可用who/that, 且不能省略。
4.B 题意：托尼，告诉我你跟你爸爸昨天讨论的结果。定语从句中动词had 缺少宾语，先行词是指事 物的名词discussion, 故 用which 引导。what 不引导定语从句；when 在从句中作时间状语；who 引导定语从句，先行词须是指人的名词或代词。
5.A 题意：约翰就是那个在交通事故中腿部严重受伤的男孩。所选项引导定语从句，修饰先行词 boy, 并在从句中作定语，故用whose。that,who,which 引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾 语、表语等。
6.A 题意：简是她们班去过中国的学生之一。定语从句缺少主语，先行词又是指人的名词，故用who 引导。whose“谁的”,在从句中作定语；which 引导定语从句，先行词指事物；whom 在从句中 作宾语。
7.C 题意：扬州最有趣的、经常有外国人游览的景点之一就是瘦西湖。定语从句缺少主语，先行词 是指物的名词，故用that引导。作主语的关系代词不可以省略。
8.D 题意：你知道那边正在看书的那个男人是谁吗 ”“知道，是格林先生，我们的体育老师。”定 语从句缺主语，先行词为指人的名词the man,应该用who/that 引导，且关系词在定语从句中作 主语不可省略。
9.D 题意：“这里有没有叫贝蒂的人 ”“抱歉，我不知道。”定语从句的主语name 前缺少定语，故
用关系代词whose 。who引导宾语从句时，先行词为指人的名词或代词；which 引导定语从句时 先行词是指物的名词；whom 在从句中作宾语。
(
KEY
—
仿真模拟
)
1.D 题意：香港回归中国的那一年，我开始在上海工作。先行词为表示时间的名词year,定语从句中 缺少状语，故用when 引导定语从句。
2.D 题意：吉姆不喜欢那些只说不做的人。先行词people指人，从句中缺少主语，故用who 来引导。 whom 只能作宾语；when 作时间状语；whose 作定语。
3.C 题意：我们唯一能做的就是找警察帮忙。先行词thing指物，被the only修饰，关系代词只能用that。
4.C 题意：我曾去过我父亲工作的那座现代化的高楼。building是表示地点的名词，定语从句中缺少 地点状语，故用where 来引导。which 指物；that 指人或物；when 指时间。
5.B 题意：“你认为一个女作家写的《山楂树》怎么样 ”“这本书让我想起了我在乡下的时光。”定 语从句的先行词the day在从句中作宾语而不是时间状语，因此用that而不用when。
6.C 题意：这是我出生的城镇。先行词the town是指地点，关系词应用where,where 相当于“in+ which” 结构，故选C。
7.C 题意：我喜欢可以随着跳舞的音乐。先行词music指物，应选用关系代词that或which,故 选C。
8.A 题意：我们应该向那些乐于助人的人学习。先行词是指人的代词，且在从句中作主语，故用关系 代词who。
9.C 题意：所有从树上落下来的苹果都不能吃了。先行词apples指物且被不定代词all修饰，故从句 的引导词只能用关系代词that。
10.C 题意：这是我们大学所建造的最大的一个实验室。先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的 引导词只能用关系代词that。

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