资源简介

2025译林版牛津英语八上学霸必背知识清单
Unit 7 The natural world
Word power
1.You might hear about the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, the largest reef system on earth. 你可能听说过澳大利亚的大堡礁，这是地球上最大的珊瑚礁系统。
hear about 听说；得知 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信
hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事
She heard about the English test on Monday morning. 她周一早上听说了英语考试的事。
When did you last hear from your uncle 你上次收到叔叔的消息是什么时候？
I often hear my neighbor play the piano in the evening. 我经常晚上听到邻居弹钢琴。
She heard someone knocking at the door while she was watching TV. 她看电视时，听到有人在敲门。
might（情态动词）可能；或许（表推测，语气比 “may” 更委婉，可能性更低）
He might be late for class because he missed the early bus. 他可能上课要迟到了，因为他没赶上早班车。
2.When you look at a coral reef, you might think it is simply a group of colourful rocks. 当你观察珊瑚礁时，你可能会认为它只不过是一群色彩鲜艳的岩石。
simply adv. 简单地（描述方式）；只不过（弱化事情重要性）；简直（强烈感叹）
You can simply write down your name here. 你只需在这里简单写下名字。
Don’t worry—it’s simply a small mistake. 别担心，这只不过是个小错误。（
The food in that restaurant is simply delicious! 那家餐厅的食物简直太好吃了！
simple adj. 简单的；朴素的、不奢华的（比较级simpler，最高级simplest）
The math problem is simpler than I thought. 这道数学题比我想象的简单。
She likes to wear simple clothes because they are comfortable. 她喜欢穿朴素的衣服，因为它们很舒服。
3. The ocean water is becoming dirtier because of different human activities, and this causes corals
to die slowly. 由于不同的人类活动，海水变得越来越脏，这导致珊瑚缓慢死亡。
because of 由于（后接名词或名词短语） because后接句子
She passed the exam because of her hard work. 由于努力学习，她通过了考试。
She passed the exam because she studied hard every day. 她通过了考试，因为她每天都努力学习。
cause vt. 使发生，造成，导致 cause sb./sth. to do sth. 导致某人/某物做某事
cause n. 原因，理由 the cause of ... ......的原因
The heavy rain caused the river to rise quickly. 大雨导致河水迅速上涨。
She didn’t tell me the real cause of her sadness. 她没告诉我她难过的真正原因。
4. What's more, climate change is greatly damaging the ocean's environment. 更重要的是，气候变化正在极大地破坏海洋环境。
What’s more 而且；更重要的是；另外
We should finish our homework on time. What’s more, we need to check it carefully.（我们应该按时完成作业。而且，我们需要仔细检查。
damage vt. 损害，毁坏 n. 损坏，损失; 损害
We should protect the old buildings instead of damaging them. 我们应该保护古建筑，而不是毁坏它们。
The storm last night did a lot of damage to the crops in the fields. 昨晚的暴风雨对田里的庄稼造成了很大损害。
5. Luckily, more scientists are paying attention to coral reefs. 幸运的是，越来越多的科学家正在关注珊瑚礁。
Luckily adv. 幸运的是（修饰后边整个句子）
pay attention to (doing) sth. 关注……
Luckily, the lost cat was found by a kind neighbor. 幸好，那只走失的猫被一位善良的邻居找到了。
You must pay attention to listening to the teacher in class. 上课你必须认真听老师讲课。
Integration
1. Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in the north-east of China. 扎龙自然保护区位于中国东北部的黑龙江省。
north-east n., adj. & adv. 东北; 东北方的; 向东北方 in the +方位名词+ of... 在某区域某方位
My grandparents live in the north-east of our city. 我的爷爷奶奶住在我们城市的东北方。
The north-east wind is very cold in winter. 冬天的东北风非常冷。
We walked north-east for about an hour and reached the village. 我们向东北方走了大约一小时，到达了那个村庄。
in the north of China = in northern China = in the northern part of China 在中国北方
in North China 在华北地区（京、津、冀、晋、内蒙古中部）
The temperature in northern China can drop below zero in January. 中国北方一月份的气温会降到零度以下。
Corn and cotton are important crops in North China. 玉米和棉花是华北地区的重要作物。
It is one of the world's most important wetlands. 它是世界上最重要的湿地之一
one of the +最高级+名词复数 最…...的之一（作主语时谓语动词用单数形式）
She is one of the most careful girls in the group. 她是小组里最细心的女孩之一。
One of the best ways to learn English is reading aloud. 学习英语最好的方法之一是大声朗读。
For example, about 20% of red-crowned cranes live in Zhalong. 例如，大约 20% 的丹顶鹤生活在扎龙
20% of +复数名词 20%的……
“百分比+名词” 作主语，谓语单复数看of 后的名词：名词是不可数名词/集合名词（表整体）→ 谓语单数；
名词是可数名词复数（表个体）→ 谓语复数。
About 40% of the information on the Internet is useful. 网上大约 40% 的信息是有用的。
About 50% of the land here is covered with forests. 这里大约 50% 的土地被森林覆盖。
40% of the trees in the park are apple trees. 公园里 40% 的树是苹果树。
Many birds live in Zhalong all year round, while some go there only for a short stay. 许多鸟类全年生活在扎龙，而有些鸟只去那里作短暂停留。
all year round 全年，一整年
We can see green trees all year round in our city. 我们城市里全年都能看到绿树。
for a short stay 作短暂停留
We will go to Shanghai for a short stay during the National Day holiday. 国庆节期间我们要去上海作短暂停留。
while conj. 而，然而，却（调前后内容相反或对比）；当…… 的时候（强调主、从句的动作同时发生，或从句动作在主句动作进行期间发生）
Tom is good at math, while his sister is better at English. 汤姆擅长数学，而他妹妹更擅长英语。
She was doing her homework while her father was watching TV. 她做作业的时候，爸爸在看电视。
The phone rang while I was taking a shower. 我洗澡的时候，电话响了。
Most birds are active in the daytime, so you can easily watch them there. 大多数鸟类在白天活跃，所以你可以在那里轻松观察到它们。
active adj. 活跃的，积极的 → act（v. 行动；做事） → actively（adv. 活跃地；积极地） → activity（n. 活动） → inactive（adj. 不活跃的，反义词）
be active in... 在……方面活跃 take an active part in ... 积极参加......
She is active in sports at school and often wins prizes. 她在学校的体育运动方面很活跃，经常获奖。
Students take an active part in tree-planting activities every spring. 学生们每年春天都积极参加植树活动。
in the daytime在白天 → at night/during the night 在晚上
She usually finishes her homework in the daytime, so she has time to read at night. 她通常在白天完成作业，所以晚上有时间看书。
6. This will lead to less space for wildlife. 这会导致野生动物的生存空间变得更少。
lead（led-led） vi. 造成（后果） lead to导致
lead n. 领先地位 take the lead 处于领先地位 → fall behind 落后
leader n. 领导者；领袖；首领
If we don’t protect the environment, it will lead to more serious pollution. 如果我们不保护环境，会导致更严重的污染。
Our class took the lead in the school sports meeting. 我们班在学校运动会中处于领先地位。
If you don’t study hard, you will fall behind others. 如果你不努力学习，就会落后于别人。
space 空间；场地（不可数） living space 居住空间 open space 开阔空间
make space for 为…… 腾出空间
The new building will not take up the animals’ living space. 这座新建筑不会占用动物们的居住空间。
Children like to fly kites in the open space near the park. 孩子们喜欢在公园附近的开阔空间放风筝。
Please make space for the old man on the bus. 请在公交车上给老人腾出空间。
Now the Chinese government has made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong. 如今，中国政府已经制定了法律，以阻止所有这些事情在扎龙发生。
has made （现在完成时），表“过去制定法律”的动作对现在产生影响（即当前已有保护法律），强调“对策已实施”的状态，比一般过去时“made”更突出“当前效果”。
动词不定式to prevent all these things作目的状语；
8. They can set up volunteer groups to help keep wetlands free from pollution, make sure tourists are careful when they visit and plant wetland trees to keep the ecosystem balanced. 他们可以成立志愿者小组，帮助保持湿地不受污染，确保游客参观时小心谨慎，还可以种植湿地树木，以维持生态系统的平衡。
set up volunteer groups 成立志愿小组 set up 建立，成立
The government set up a new hospital in the town. 政府在镇上建立了一所新医院。
keep sth free from sth. 保持某物不被某物污染/干扰
The government has taken actions to keep wetlands free from human activities. 政府已经采取措施，保持湿地不受人类活动干扰。
make sure + 宾语从句 确保……
Please make sure you lock the door before leaving. 离开前请确保锁好门。
keep the ecosystem balanced 保持生态系统平衡 keep... balanced 保持……平衡
We need to keep the relationship between humans and nature balanced. 我们需要保持人与自然的关系平衡。
9. And maybe we can take our own chopsticks when eating out. 也许我们在外出就餐时可以自带筷子。
take one’s own... 自带……
We can take our own shopping bags to the supermarket. 我们可以自带购物袋去超市。
eat out 外出就餐
We will eat out to celebrate your birthday. 我们会外出就餐庆祝你的生日。
when eating out的完整形式为when we are eating out（当主句和从句的主语一致且从句含 be 动词，可省略从句的主语和be动词，直接保留后面的现在分词）
She always smiles when (she is) talking to others. 她和别人说话时总是微笑。
We can encourage people to protect forests too. 我们可以鼓励人们也来保护森林
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
She encourages her friends to join the book club. 她鼓励朋友们加入读书俱乐部。
11. Education and knowledge are useful tools to help keep forests safe. 教育和知识是帮助保持森林安全的有效工具。
education un. 教育，教育学 → educate v. 教育 → educated adj. 受过良好教育的，有教养的
Education is one of the most important parts of our life. 教育是我们生活中最重要的部分之一。
Parents should educate their children to be honest. 父母应该教育孩子要诚实。
Educated people often respect others’ opinions. 有教养的人通常会尊重别人的意见。
knowledge n. 知识；学问；了解（关于某方面的广泛、零散的知识或认知，不可数），常与介词of或about连用
She has much knowledge about Chinese history. 她对中国历史有很多了解。
a +形容词（good、basic、poor 等）+ knowledge of +名词（某一具体领域的、系统的、有一定水平的知识）
She has a good knowledge of English. 她英语知识很扎实。
tool cn. 工具；手段；方法 a tool for doing sth. 做某事的手段
A dictionary is a helpful tool for learning English. 字典是学习英语的有用工具。
We can help solve the problems. 我们可以帮助解决这些问题。
solve vt. 解决；解答 solve a problem 解决问题 solve a math problem 解一道数学题
Can you solve this problem for me 你能帮我解决这个问题吗？
He spent 20 minutes solving the math problem. 他花了 20 分钟解这道数学题。
We should keep beaches clean and use more environment-friendly products. 我们应该保持海滩清洁，使用更多环保产品。
environment n. 环境 environment-friendly adj. 环保的，不损害环境的
Everyone can do something to improve the environment. 每个人都可以做些事来改善环境。
We should use environment-friendly bags instead of plastic bags. 我们应该使用环保袋，而不是塑料袋。
environmental adj. 环境的
The environmental problem is becoming more and more serious. 环境问题正变得越来越严重。
It is meaningful to join an environmental group and work as a volunteer. Please join us. 加入环保组织并担任志愿者是非常有意义的。请加入我们。
join v. 加入；参加；连接 join + 组织 / 团体（表示成为其中一员）
join sb. 加入某人，和某人一起 join in + 活动（表示参与某项活动）
My brother plans to join the school sports team next term. 我弟弟计划下学期加入校运动队。
Please join me to clean the classroom after school. 放学后请和我一起打扫教室。
We were invited to join in the wetland protection activity last Saturday. 上周六我们受邀参加了湿地保护活动。

展开更多......

收起↑