Unit1 Stay Healthy 语法:情态动词should和could与反身代词(含答案) 人教版(2024)八年级英语下册

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Unit1 Stay Healthy 语法:情态动词should和could与反身代词(含答案) 人教版(2024)八年级英语下册

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Unit2 Stay Healthy
Section A What should we do when we don't feel well
Section B How should we stay safe
单元语法:一、情态动词should与could
二、反身代词
(八年级英语下册)(2024版)(人教版)
合作探究 语法考点
一、情态动词should与could
考点1 should的用法
1.定义:
should作情态动词,后接动词原形,没有人称、时态和数的变化。其否定形式为shouldn't。变一般疑问句时把should提前放于句首,回答时仍借助should。具体用法如下:
1.表示职责或义务,意为“应该;应当”。
例子:
(1)We should respect our elders.
我们应该尊敬长辈。
(2)Drivers should obey the speed limit.
司机应该遵守限速规定。
2.表示劝告或提出建议,意为“应该”。
例子:
→You should give up smoking. 你应该戒烟。
3.用于征求意见,常用于第一人称的疑问句中,意为“应该;应当”。
例子:
→Should I open the window?
我应该打开窗户吗?
4.表示推测,指某事发生的可能性,意为“可能”。
例子:
→They should be there by now,I think.
我认为现在他们应该在那儿了。
考点2 could的用法
1.情态动词could也用于提出建议,比can语气更委婉。“You
could...”意为“你可以......”。
例子:
→Perhaps you could send an email to confirm the meeting
time.
或许你可以发封邮件确认会议时间。
2.could表示过去的能力,表示现在的能力用can,此时could是can的过去式。
例子:
→He could swim at the age of five.
他五岁时就会游泳。
3.could表示推测时,后接动词原形,表示对现在或将来的推测。could与“have+过去分词”连用,表示对过去的推测。
例子:
→The road could be icy in such cold weather.
这么冷的天,路面可能结冰了。
→If she leaves now,she could arrive by 8 PM.
如果她现在出发,可能晚上8点前到。
→The package could have arrived yesterday,but no one was at
home.
包裹可能昨天就到了,但家里没人。
拓展:
1.could用于提出要求或请求。“Could you please...?”意为“请你······好吗?”用于提出要求或请求。答语通常为:肯定回答:Sure!/OK/All right...(当然!/好的。/可以······)否定回答:I'm sorry,but...(抱歉,但是······)
例子:
—Could you please pass me the book on the table?
你能把桌子上的书递给我吗?
—Sure! Here you are./I'm sorry,but I'm a bit busy right now.
当然!给你。/抱歉,但我现在有点忙。
2.could用于请求许可。“Could I...?”意为“我可以......吗?”用于请求对方允许自己做某事。答语通常为:
肯定回答:Of course you can!/No problem./Help yourself.
/Go ahead...(当然!/没问题。/请自便。/去吧......)
否定回答:I'm afraid not.You can...(恐怕不行,你可以......)
/Sorry,you can't.(对不起,不行。)/You can,but not now...(可以,但不是现在······)
例子:
—Could I borrow your pen for a moment?
我能借你的笔用一下吗?
—Of course!/No problem./I'm afraid not. I need it myself.
当然!/没问题。/恐怕不行。我自己也需要用。
二、反身代词
反身代词是英语中表达“......自己:本身”含义的一类代词,是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称人称代词宾格形式词尾加-self或-selves组成的。
考点1 反身代词的构成
数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself 我自己 yourself 你自己 herself 她自己
himself 他自己
itself 它自己
复数 ourselves 我们自己 yourselves 你们自己 themselves 她/他/它们自己
考点2 反身代词的用法:
1.反身代词作宾语
反身代词可放在及物动词(短语)(或介词的后面作宾语,强调宾语和主语是相同的人或物。常见的后接反身代词作宾语的动词(短语)有:teach、hurt、enjoy、dress、help、take care of、look after等。
例子:
→He fell down from the wall and hurt himself.
他从墙上掉下来,伤了自己。
→Students should learn to look after themselves.
学生们应该学会照顾自己。
→The children can finish the puzzle by themselves.
孩子们能自己完成拼图。
2.反身代词作同位语
反身代词在句中通常作主语或宾语的同位语,译作“本身;亲自”,表示强调。
例子:
→I don't need any help.I can do it myself.
我不需要任何帮助。我自己能做。(主语同位语)
→You can ask Jenny herself.
你可以问问珍妮本人。(宾语同位语)
3.反身代词作表语
反身代词放在be动词、feel、look、seem等系动词后作表语,可以用来描述身体或精神状态。
例子:
→She was not herself yesterday.
她昨天感到不舒服。
考点3 反身代词常用于以下短语
enjoy oneself 玩得开心 hurt oneself 伤着自己
teach oneself 自学 dress oneself 自己穿(衣服等)
introduce oneself 介绍自己 help oneself to...随便吃/喝......
say to oneself 自言自语 by oneself 独自
例子:
→The little boy is old enough to dress himself.
这个小男孩足够大,能自己穿衣服了。
→He goes to school by himself every day.
他每天独自去上学。
对点突破 语法专练
一、写出下列句子中的情态动词和反身代词。
1.—The cake is delicious. Could I have another one
—Of course,you can.Help yourself,please.
2.Could you write a letter of introduction for me
3.Drivers should avoid using mobile phones while driving to ensure safety.
4.To keep themselves awake, they sat on the floor and told each
other stories.
5.To my amazement,the lost dog found its way home by itself.
二、单项选择。
1.Self-driving cars are smart enough to follow traffic rules and
park
A.they B.their
C.them D.themselves
2. you turn down the TV,please I'm trying to work.
A.Could B.Must
C.Might D.Should
3.Little Mary was proud of because she taught Uncle Li
how to borrow books online.
A.herself B.hers
C.she D.her
4.You eat too much food before you go to bed,because it's bad for you.
A.can B.could C.shouldn't D.would
5.Shh... This is a library.You keep your voice down.
A.can B.can't
C.should D.shouldn't
三、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
6.Be more active in class so that you can improve your ability to express (you).
7.—Mom,could you please help me wash my clothes
—Harry,you are a teen now.You can do it by (you).
8.Some tourists fall in love with Yangzhou (it)rather than just its tourist attractions.
9.—Where did you get the toy car
—From Betty.She made it (she).
10.—My best friend is more popular than me.I want to be like
him.
—It's not necessary to be the same.You should just be (you).
四、根据汉语意思完成句子。
11.如果累了,你可以先休息半小时再继续工作。
If you're tired,you a 30-minute break before
continuing working.
12.—请问我能看电视吗?—是的,你能。
— I watch TV
—Yes,you
13.我想知道我们接下来应该去哪里。
I wonder where we go .
14.我们应该帮助拯救鲨鱼。
We save the sharks.
15.你不应该等到最后一分钟才准备考试。
You wait the last minute to study for a test.
参考答案
一、1.Could;can;yourself 2.Could 3.should
4.themselves 5.itself
二、1.D 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.C
三、 6.yourself 7.yourself 8.itself
9.herself 10.yourself
四、 11.could take 12.Could;can 13.should:next
14.should help 15.shouldn't;until

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