资源简介

(共28张PPT)
Unit 7
The secret of memory
沪教牛津版八年级上册
主题范畴：
人与自我；人与自然
Focusing on culture
What things can “remember” things
Human beings have the ability to remember the past.
The ruins witness the history of China.
The moments help us record colorful life.
The wrinkles represent the experience of the worker.
The diary keeps our feelings.
The coins witness the rise and fall of a dynasty.
1.What is this
2. Look at the picture. What can you see from the picture
Rings of trees.
It is a tree trunk.
In one way, nature is also able to remember past events.
wide ring 宽的
narrow ring 狭窄的
scar 伤疤
first year growth
What do they mean
过去的事情
Reading
Read the article about tree rings to learn what they can tell us.
Scientists have long studied tree rings. This branch of science is called dendrochronology. Experts in this field use tree rings to learn more about our world. They compare tree rings from different trees in the same area to collect data about the
past.
Notes
/ dendr kr 'n l d /
树木年代学
领域
比较
The memories of trees
Do trees have memories This may seem like a strange question, but trees can actually tell us things about the past. When a tree is cut down, you can see something special inside: rings. These rings are the memories of trees. Tree rings contain lots of secrets from the forest.
Every year the tree grows, there is a new ring. Scientists can count the rings to tell the age of the tree. They also study tree rings to learn about the climate and the environment. Tree rings are a record of the climate. Some rings are quite wide. This is a good sign as it means the tree grew well and was healthy. This happens when the tree gets enough sun and rain. When it doesn’t rain enough, the tree won’t grow as much, and the rings are narrow. Thanks to this, scientists can look at the tree ring patterns to learn about
climate change in a particular place.
Scientists also look at tree rings to study natural disasters. For example, sometimes there is a black area on a tree ring. This usually means there was a forest fire. If scientists count the rings from the black area, they can answer difficult questions, such as “When did the fire happen ” and “How common are forest fires ”
Tree rings can also help us understand human history. For example, scientists can use tree ring patterns to learn the age of old buildings. Nowadays, they can even look at the chemistry of each tree ring to figure out exactly when the tree was cut down. Thanks to this new method, a team of archaeologists discovered that a Viking village in Canada was built in the year 1021 CE.
It’s amazing that trees can tell us so much, even though they cannot talk!
Read the title and the first paragraph and answer.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Tree rings contain lots of secrets from the forest.
2.How does the writer start the passage
The writer starts the passage by asking a question.
①
②
③
④
⑤
//
//
//
Para. 1 Introduction
Para. 2-4 Trees rings are useful.
Para. 5 Summary
Tree
rings
tell the age of the tree
Scientists count the rings to tell the age of a tree.
are a record of climate change
provide information about natural disasters
help us understand human history
Scientists look at the tree ring patterns to learn about climate change in a particular place.
Scientists look at tree rings to study natural disasters.
Scientists use tree ring patterns to learn the age of old buildings.
2 Why are tree rings useful How do scientists make use of them Complete
the mind map below with the information from the article on page 110.
1. What do wide tree rings show
2. What do narrow tree rings mean
A wide tree ring shows that the tree grew well that year. This happens when the tree gets enough sun and rain.
A narrow tree ring means that the tree did not grow as much that year. This can happen when a tree doesn’t get enough water.
Every year the tree grows, there is a new ring. Scientists can count the rings to tell the age of the tree. They also study tree rings to learn about the climate and the environment. Tree rings are a record of the climate. Some rings are quite wide. This is a good sign as it means the tree grew well and was healthy. This happens when the tree gets enough sun and rain. When it doesn’t rain enough, the tree won’t grow as much, and the rings are narrow. Thanks to this, scientists can look at the tree ring patterns to learn about climate change in a particular place.
Read para. 2 and answer.
Read para. 3 and answer.
Scientists also look at tree rings to study natural disasters. For example, sometimes there is a black area on a tree ring. This usually means there was a forest fire. If scientists count the rings from the black area, they can answer difficult questions, such as “When did the fire happen ” and “How common are forest fires ”
What does a black area on a tree ring mean
A black area on a tree ring usually means there was a forest fire.
Read para. 4 and answer.
Tree rings can also help us understand human history. For example, scientists can use tree ring patterns to learn the age of old buildings. Nowadays, they can even look at the chemistry of each tree ring to figure out exactly when the tree was cut down. Thanks to this new method, a team of archaeologists discovered that a Viking village in Canada was built in the year 1021 CE.
　　
How do tree rings help us understand human history
By showing the age of old buildings and some scientists can figure out exactly when the tree was cut down by looking at the chemistry of each tree ring.
Background information
1. They show when trees “Get Sick” or have other problems.
2. They “remember” air changes and pollution.
3. They tell how trees “Interact” with other living things.
4. They help police and archaeologists “Solve Mysteries”.
5. They can also help you know the direction.
...
Further thinking--draw your life ring.
Our life is actually like a ring.
Post-reading
Tree rings record the changes of the 4 seasons.
Our life rings record what we ____________ and _____________.
remember
forget
The Forgetting Curve
Do you ever forget things you have studied
What do you think the graph below shows
The Forgetting Curve
遗忘曲线
How much can you remember after 24 hours
Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first person to study learning and memory by carrying out an experiment on himself. Below are his findings:
Ebbinghaus’s work showed that:
... forgetting happens quickest in the first nine hours.
... the things we study longer and more carefully will remain in our memory longer.
... things close to the beginning and end of a list or series are remembered most easily.
... it is easier to relearn things forgotten, than new things.
... learning meaningless things is difficult. Things that make sense and have meaning are remembered about ten times longer than things that don’t.
... it is easier to remember things if we study them in many learning sessions over longer periods of time.
停留
系列
再次学习
无意义的
讲得通
学习期间
Ebbinghaus discovered a pattern in remembering.
He found that in the first hour he forgot things very
quickly. Although this slowed down, after about
nine hours, people forgot about 60 per cent of what
they tried to learn. Finally, he found that 24 hours
after studying, people had forgotten around two-
thirds of anything they tried to learn and remember. This is the well-known “forgetting curve”. It starts with a sharp drop, followed by a gentle curve! Ebbinghaus’s work encouraged scientists to explore memory further and it became a field of study. He also helped create proper methods for experimenting in psychology. These are still used to this day.
Please give Li Hua more specific advice according to the forgetting curve.
Li Hua can’t remember English words and what he has learned in class.
You can/should/must...
You can also...
It is...for you to...
It’s a good idea to...
You’d better+V.原
One of the most effective ways is to...
Why not +V.原/why don’t you+V.原？
I would strongly advise you to...
我会强烈建议你
1. Try to place the most important words at the beginning or end of your list.
2. Connect new words with images, stories, or real-life situations.
3. Review new vocabulary within 9 hours after first learning it.
4. If you forget a word, don’t worry—relearn it. It will stick faster this time.
For example
Discussion
1. Why is the forgetting curve important for students
It shows that it is important to review things. Unless we review what we have studied, we will quickly forget most of it.
2. How can Ebbinghaus’s findings help you improve your study habits
Ebbinghaus’s findings suggest that we should study in many sessions over time, focus on meaningful information, and review material within the first few hours to avoid forgetting.
Language points
3 Find the words and phrases in the article and match them with
their meanings.
(1) contain (line 4)
(2) particular (line 12)
(3) natural disaster (line 14)
(4) chemistry (line 24)
(5) figure out (line 24)
a used to refer to a specific
person or thing
b to discover the answer
c to have / hold something inside
d the chemicals that something is
made up of
e used to refer to an earthquake,
flood, forest fire, etc.
The memories of trees
Do trees have memories This may seem like a strange question, but trees
can actually tell us things about the past. When a tree is cut down, you can
see something special inside: rings. These rings are the memories of trees.
Tree rings contain lots of secrets from the forest.
Every year the tree grows, there is a new ring. Scientists can count the
rings to tell the age of the tree.
...的记忆
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事
be done 被动语态
砍倒
adj.修饰不定代词，放不定代词后(不定代词要先行)
年轮
...的年龄
at the age of ... 在...多少岁的时候
tell 分辨
seem
They also study tree rings to learn about the climate and the environment.
Tree rings are a record of the climate. Some rings are quite wide. This is a
good sign as it means the tree grew well and was healthy. This happens when
the tree gets enough sun and rain. When it doesn’t rain enough, the tree won’t
grow as much, and the rings are narrow. Thanks to this, scientists can look at
the tree ring patterns to learn about climate change in a particular place.
学习；了解
气候
环境
一个...的记录['rek rd]
相当宽
标志
as 因为(原因状语从句)
adj.狭窄的
年轮模式
一个特定的区域
Scientists also look at tree rings to study natural disasters. For example,
sometimes there is a black area on a tree ring. This usually means there was a
forest fire. If scientists count the rings from the black area, they can answer
difficult questions, such as “When did the fire happen ” and “How common are
forest fires ”
自然灾害
黑色区域
意味着(宾从)
森林火灾
Tree rings can also help us understand human history. For example, scientists
can use tree ring patterns to learn the age of old buildings. Nowadays, they
can even look at the chemistry of each tree ring to figure out exactly when
the tree was cut down. Thanks to this new method, a team of archaeologists
discovered that a Viking village in Canada was built in the year 1021 CE.
It’s amazing that trees can tell us so much, even though they cannot talk!
弄清
多亏
新的方法
一队
考古学家
被建造
CE 公元
BCE 公元前
even though/even if 即使
宾从
干燥的季节
scar 伤疤
即便我们尽了最大的努力，也很难赢得比赛。
Even if/Even though we tried our best, it’s difficult to win the game.
1.This may seem like a strange question, but trees can actually tell us things about the past.
这似乎是个奇怪的问题，但树木确实能向我们讲述过去的事情。
seem like 似乎是，像。
seem用法
1.seem + 形容词：表示 “看起来 / 似乎是……”，
2.seem + to do sth：表示 “似乎 / 好像做某事”
3.It seems + that 从句：表示 “看起来 / 似乎……”
The English problem seems easy. 这道英语题看起来很简单。
He seems (to be) a kind boy. 他似乎是个善良的男孩
She seems to know the result. 她好像知道结果。
It seems that it will rain today. 看起来今天要下雨了。
back幻灯片 20
1. This is a good sign as it means the tree grew well and was healthy.
句意：这是一个好迹象，因为这意味着这棵树生长得很好，而且很健康。
★ as 作连词，意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句；表示的理由较弱。
★ because强调直接的、根本的原因，语气最强，可用于回答 “why” 的提问。
★ since意为“既然；由于”，通常表示已知的、显而易见的原因。
Wits corner 智慧角
The true art of memory is the art of attention.
— Samuel Johnson
记忆的真正艺术是专注的艺术。
— 塞缪尔·约翰逊
（英国作家）
More wits
1. Memory is the diary that we all carry about with us.
记忆是我们随身携带的日记。
2. The best way to remember something is to teach it to someone.
记住某事的最好办法就是把它教给别人。
3. Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.
告诉我，我会忘记；教我，我会记住；让我参与，我会学会。
THANKS

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