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Section Ⅲ　Using Language
语篇精读　形成阅读能力
Task 1文本微观剖析：细节探究
1．What subjects did Albert Einstein like best in middle school
A．Politics and geography. B．Physics and maths.
C．English and art. D．Chemistry and history.
2．When did Einstein publish four extraordinary physics papers
A．In 1902. B．In 1904.
C．In 1905. D．In 1906.
3．Why was Einstein awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics
A．Because of his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
B．Because of his courageous and kind character.
C．Because of his strong passion for knowledge.
D．Because of his fulltime research at a university.
4．What happened to Einstein in 1933
A．He came to power in Germany.
B．He was forced to leave Germany.
C．He moved to Europe for his degree.
D．Her refused to work as a researcher in the US.
Task 2佳句妙笔生辉：应用文提能
1.Read the text and find out the sentences with which the author describes a person.
①________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________(Para.1，人物评价)
②________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________(Para.2，人物出生介绍)
③________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________(Para.2，接受教育介绍)
④________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________(Para.3，取得成就介绍)
⑤________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________(Para.5，外貌描写1)
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________(Para.5，外貌描写2)
⑥________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________(Para.6，去世介绍)
2．Say what rhetorical devices are used in the following sentences.
①Following this，he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.________
②Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.________
③He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.________
④On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.________
学·语言要点知识
核心词汇诠释
1)passion n．酷爱；激情)
full of passion 　充满激情
with passion 富有激情
have a passion for 对……情有独钟；酷爱……
[练透]　单句语法填空
①Delighted to know that you have a passion ________ Tang poetry，I'm writing to inform you of some relevant information about it.
②He delivered a speech ________ passion，which left us a deep impression.
[写美]　完成句子
③满怀热情和善良的约翰开始做爆米花来帮助伯纳德赚点外快。
_________________， John set about making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.
2)come to power (开始)掌权；上台)
(1)power n.　 　权力；能力；能量
be in power 掌权，执政
have the power to do sth. 具有做某事的能力/权力
beyond/out of one's power某人力所不能及的
(2)powerful adj. 强有力的
[练透]　单句语法填空
①Sensing that the problem was ________ my power，I was so anxious that tears flowed down my cheeks. (读后续写之情感描写)
②With the remarkable development of science and technology，China has become ________ (power) than ever before.
[写美]　完成句子
③我非常确信我有能力担任您的助教，所以请考虑我的申请。(申请信)
I am greatly convinced that ______________________________ take up a position as your teaching assistant，so please take my application into consideration.
[名师指津]　in power 表示状态，可以和一段时间连用；come to power表示动作，不可以和一段时间连用。
The politician full of passion came to power three years ago. In other words，he has been in power for three years. 这位充满激情的政治家三年前上台执政。换句话说，他已经执政三年了。
3)consequence n. 结果；后果)
(1)as a consequence 因此；结果
as a consequence of 由于……；作为……的结果
(2)consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的
consequently adv. 因此；结果
[练透]　单句语法填空
①________ (consequence), she understood it and became interested in traditional Chinese culture.
②It is known to us that the rise in global temperature will result in serious ________ (consequent).
[写美]　一句多译
③我祖父在医院接受治疗，因此我得照顾他。(道歉信)
My grandfather was under treatment in hospital, and ______________________， I have to attend to him.
＝My grandfather was under treatment in hospital, and ____________________， I have to take care of him.
＝My grandfather was under treatment in hospital, and ____________________， I have to care for him.
[拓展记忆]　“因此” 如此表达：as a consequence; as a result; therefore; thus
4)take up a position 担任；任职)
take up 　接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间或空间)
take off 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞
take over 接管；获得对……的控制或管理
take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
[练透]　语境辨义
①Smartphones not only take up our valuable time but also do great harm to our health.________
②The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.________
③No matter what happens, I'm going to take up the challenge.________
[写美]　完成句子
④我打算担任志愿者一职，从中可以开阔我的视野。
I intended to _______________________， through which I can broaden my horizons.
5)sum vi. 总结；概括　n．金额；款项；总数；总和)
(1)sum up 总结；概括；计算……的总数
(2)to sum up 总之
(3)a large sum of 一大笔；大量的
[写美]　完成句子
①你有必要经常总结你的经验， 提高你工作的效率。
It is necessary for you ______________________ constantly and improve the efficiency of your work.
②总之， 当谈到拯救我们的传统文化财富的时候， 共同的努力是重要的。(应用文之倡议书)
__________________， it's joint efforts that count when it comes to the rescue of our traditional cultural treasure.
[拓展]　“总之”表达荟萃：in conclusion; in short; in a word; to sum up
经典句式解构
1)句型公式：独立主格结构)
【教材原句】　He made numerous contributions to the world, the most wellknown being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.
他为世界做出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E＝mc2。
句中the most wellknown being the general theory of relativity ...为独立主格结构；独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在；常见的独立主格结构有：
名词/代词＋doing (主动/进行)
名词/代词＋done (被动/完成)
名词/代词＋to do (未发生的动作)
名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语
[写美]　完成句子
①听到这个好消息， 我高兴得跳了起来，幸福和感激的泪水涌上双眼。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)
Hearing the good news, I jumped for joy, ____________________________．
②女孩笑得很甜，眼里闪着兴奋的光芒。
The girl was smiling sweetly, ________________________．
③我们七点半在校门口集合，水果采摘活动将于8点整开始。(通知)
We shall get together at 7：30 at the school gate, ____________________________．
④她紧紧地闭上眼睛，双手抱着头。
She closed her eyes tightly, ____________________________．
⑤下课了，兴奋的学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。(读后续写之动作链描写)
____________________________， the excited students rose to their feet，grabbed their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like an arrow.
2)句型公式：状语从句的省略)
【教材原句】　While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
在那里工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他仍继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。(1)当when，while，before，if，unless，as if等词引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it且谓语中含be动词时，可同时省略状语从句中的主语和be动词；
(2)省略句中非谓语的选用要根据动词和主语的关系：主动关系用现在分词；被动关系用过去分词；尚未发生用不定式。
[写美]　完成句子
①当想到狼的血盆大口，马克因害怕几乎昏厥。尽管吓得要死，马克挣扎着爬起来，拼尽全力把自行车扔向狼。(读后续写之片段)
_________ the wolf's bloody mouth，Mac nearly fainted with fright. ____________________， Mac struggled to crawl up and threw his bicycle at the wolf with all his strength.
②他张开嘴好像要说些什么，但是他摇了摇头，什么也没说就离开了。
He opened his mouth as if ________________________， but he shook his head and left without a word.
③当有必要时，你可以向慷慨的教授寻求指导。
________________________， you can turn to the generous professor for guidance.
3)句型公式：find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
【教材原句】　Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.
身为犹太人的爱因斯坦发现学术机构纷纷对他关上大门。“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构形式归纳：
(2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)
[写美]　完成句子
①环顾四周，简发现她自己在陌生的树林里迷路了，她发现她的腿止不住地颤抖，她吓得直冒冷汗。同时她发现很难走出树林，最终，她控制不住自己，大声哭了起来。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
Looking around，Jane found herself ____________________. She found her legs ________________ uncontrollably and she was breaking out in a cold sweat. Meanwhile，she found ____________________ and finally，she couldn't contain herself and burst out crying.
②爸爸发现厨房混乱不堪，发现双胞胎既失望又沮丧。知道他们想做什么之后，他主动提出帮助他们做美味的早餐。
The father found the kitchen ________________ and the twins ________________. After knowing what they wanted to do，he offered to help them cook a delicious breakfast.
③我的确希望你会觉得以上建议在构建“绿色北京”方面有用。(2023·北京卷书面表达)
I do hope that you can find ________________ in building a Green Beijing.
练·课堂5分钟夯基
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Being caught in the storm made him rather anxious, as he seldom ________ (遇到) such a situation.
2．The old ________ (教授), as well as his students, was invited to attend the graduation ceremony yesterday.
3．The club, ________ (创建) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.
4．Everyone in the village regarded him as a ________ (天才), for he went to college at the age of 14.
Ⅱ.固定搭配和句式
1．Mr. King ________________ (任职) as a headmaster in a high school, so he knew the importance of education.
2．________________ (总而言之)，it is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults.
3．Her medicine has saved large numbers of lives in the world. ________________ (因此), she was awarded the Nobel Prize.
4．The newlyelected President has taken a series of measures to improve the economy since he ________________ (上台).
5．________________ ( 工作完成了), she sat down for a cup of tea.
温馨提示：请完成晚练3
Section Ⅲ　Using Language
预学案
语篇精读　形成阅读能力
Task 1
1．B　2.C　3.A　4.B√
Task 2
1．①Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.
②This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.
③After studying for another year，he managed to pass the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.
④In 1922，he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
⑤To the public，he was seen as a slightly oddlooking but kind and funny man.; He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
⑥On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
2．①类比　②暗喻　③拟人；明喻　④委婉
研学案
学· 语言要点知识
核心词汇诠释
1．①for　②with　③Being full of passion and kindhearted
2．①beyond　②more powerful　③I have the power to
3．①Consequently　②consequences　③as a consequence; consequently; as a result
4．①占据　②继续　③接受　④take up a position as a volunteer
5．①to sum up your experience　②To sum up
经典句式解构
1．①tears of happiness and gratitude welling up in my eyes　②her eyes sparkling with excitement　③the fruitpicking activity to start at 8 sharp　④her head buried in her hands
⑤Class over
2．①When thinking of; Though frightened/scared to death　②to say something　③When necessary
3．①lost in the unfamiliar forest; trembling; it difficult/hard to walk out of the forest　②in a mess/messy; disappointed and upset　③the above suggestions useful/of use
练· 课堂5分钟夯基
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．encountered　2.professor　3.founded　4.genius
Ⅱ.固定搭配和句式
1．took up a position　2.To sum up　3.As a consequence
4．came to power　5.Her work done/finished/completed??????UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
开篇·把握单元目标
素养目标
学习能力
能够把握主题，运用寻读策略快速找出语篇中描写人物外貌、品质等特征的表达。
文化意识
了解诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者屠呦呦的生平和她发现青蒿素的主要研究过程，理解我国传统中医药对人类健康和世界发展的贡献，深入理解“伟大”的含义。
思维品质
正确认识、理解“个人成就”与“社会价值”之间的辩证关系，对照自身的成长经历，思考成长的意义和未来努力的方向。
语言能力?
必记单词
crucial　 　vital
commit academic
evaluate liquid
obtain acknowledge
defeat apparently
insist scientific
mostly conclusion
flee circumstance
novelist found
theory gentle
patent passion
extraordinary
gradually
consequence
encounter
professor remarkable
sum draft ,
重点短语
get stuck
by chance
draw out
insist on
commit oneself to(sth./doing sth./do sth.)
wear and tear
flow chart
make contributions to
come to power
as a consequence
take up a position
stand on end
sum up,
经典句型
1．upon/on doing...
2．It is an honour for sb. to do sth.
3．独立主格结构
4．状语从句的省略
5．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语,
核心语法
非限制性
定语从句
话题写作
介绍人物
三言两语背金句
1．Only those who dare to fail greatly can ever achieve greatly. —Robert F. Kennedy
只有敢于经历重大失败的人才能取得重大成就。——罗伯特·肯尼迪
2．The reason why a great man is great is that he resolves to be a great man. 伟人之所以伟大， 是因为他立志要成为伟大的人。
3．The greatest test of courage on earth is to bear defeat without losing heart.
世界上对勇气的最大考验是忍受失败而不丧失信心。
4．It's great to be great, but it's greater to be human. 成为伟人固然伟大， 但成为真正的人更加伟大。
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
语篇精读　形成阅读能力
Task 1 Fastreading
1.What is the main idea of the passage
The passage is mainly about Tu Youyou's ________ of artemisinin and her great ________ to the medical field.
2．Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Task 2 Carefulreading
Read the text on Pages 2－3 carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．What does the author want to tell us in the first paragraph
A．A great many people die from malaria every year.
B．The reason why Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize.
C．Malaria has brought much harm to the people in Africa.
D．Artemisinin is used to treat many kinds of diseases.
2．What does the word “promise” refer to in the second paragraph
A．Discovery. B．Possibility.
C．Activity. D．Examination.
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Tu Youyou was not sure about the value of traditional Chinese medicine.
B.Tu Youyou and her team had tested many times before they succeeded.
C．Tu Youyou was modest and was proud of traditional Chinese medicine.
D．Tu Youyou was clever and determined while doing some research.
4．Where does this text probably come from
A．A TV interview. B．A medical report.
C．A book review. D．A newspaper.
Task 3 Postreading
Ⅰ.破解生僻词
熟词 生义 【教材原句】 Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280，000 plants for their medical properties. 常见义： n．财产→文章义： ________________________
【教材原句】 From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. 常见义： vt.& n．许诺→文章义： ____________________
构词法 【教材原句】 This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (cowinner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. co(表示“一起，共同，联合”)＋winner→ ____________________
Ⅱ.破译长难句
1．[教材原句] This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (cowinner)，whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria.
[结构分析] 本句是________句，whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin是定语从句，修饰先行词 Tu Youyou，a crucial new treatment for malaria是________的同位语。
[尝试翻译] _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．[教材原句] In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
[结构分析] 本句是and连接的________句。the Chinese government formed a team of scientists是一个简单句，with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria作后置________，修饰a team of scientists; Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen是另一个简单句，过去分词chosen作____________，表示被动，修饰名词短语the first researchers。
[尝试翻译] ______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．[教材原句] They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.
[结构分析] 本句是________连接的并列句。句中boiling fresh wormwood和using the liquid作tried的并列________；obtained from this是过去分词短语作后置________，修饰liquid, to treat malaria是动词不定式短语作________状语。
[尝试翻译] ______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.写作特色品鉴
Read the passage carefully and find the phrases and sentences to describe the characters of Tu Youyou.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
学·语言要点知识
1)vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的)
be vital to/for... 对……是至关重要的
It is vital to do... 做……很重要
It is vital that ...(should) do sth. ……做某事是十分重要的
[练透]　单句语法填空
①To learn Chinese well，reading interesting Chinese news every day is vital _______American exchange students.
[写美]　完成句子
②我们从失败中吸取教训是至关重要的。(续写之主旨升华)
It is ____________________________ that we (should) learn something from failure.
③对我们来说，掌握一些基本的生活技能，为我们未来的生活做好准备是至关重要的。
________________________ to prepare us for our future life.
[小词汇·大文化]
If we are to make a difference in life, it's vital that we should begin with small things.
如果我们想要在生活中发挥作用，重要的是我们应该从小事开始。(读后续写之主旨升华)
2)committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的)
[练透]　单句语法填空
①________ to education，he committed every minute to ________ (study) and teaching，so his ________ finally paid off.(commit)
(1)be committed to (doing) sth.
致力于做某事
(2)commit oneself to (doing) sth.
专心致力于(做)某事，献身于(做)某事
commit oneself to do sth.承诺做某事
(3)commitment n. 投入；奉献；承诺
make a commitment to (doing) sth. 保证/承诺做某事
[写美]　 完成句子/一句多译
②我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误，满脸窘得通红。(读后续写之尴尬心理描写)
I ______________________________， my face red with embarrassment.
③因为他致力于帮助那些需要帮助的人摆脱困境，我们的班长被称为“活雷锋”。 (2023·天津3月卷书面表达)
Because he _________________， our monitor is called “a living Lei Feng”．
＝________________________， our monitor is called “a living Lei Feng”．(分词短语作状语)
[指津]　committed; devoted; buried等常用过去分词作状语表示状态！
3)acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢)
acknowledge doing/having done sth.
承认做了某事
acknowledge sth./sb. to be/as...
承认某事/某人是……
It is universally/generally acknowledged that...
……是大家公认的
[练透]　单句语法填空
①As you ________ (acknowledge) as one of our best English teachers, we hope you can make a speech about how to learn English well.
②Tom acknowledged ________ (defeat) in the competition, which made us quite depressed. (读后续写之情感描写)
[写美]　完成句子
③大家公认张骞是中国历史上著名的人物，是丝绸之路的开拓者之一。(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)
________________________________ Zhang Qian, a wellknown figure in Chinese history, was one of the pioneers of the Silk Road.
[熟词生义]　I'm writing to acknowledge my English teacher，without whom I couldn't have made such great progress in English.
我写这封信是为了感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语上取得如此大的进步。 (vt. 感谢)
4)insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求)
(1)“insist on doing sth.”意为“坚持做某事”；
(2)“insist(坚决要求/主张) that sb. (should)＋动词原形”，从句用虚拟语气；
(3)“insist(坚持说/认为) that...”，从句用陈述语气。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①The teacher insisted that every minute ________ (make) full use of to do the work well.
②You can master Chinese as quickly as possible only when you insist on ________ (put) what you have learnt into use.
[写美]　一句多译
③我们的班主任坚决要求我们每天读半小时英语。
Our headteacher ________________________________．(insist that...；commit)
＝Our headteacher __________________________________．(insist on；commit)
[助记]　My teacher insisted that I had a talent for writing，so he insisted that I (should) take part in the approaching writing contest. 他坚持认为我有写作天赋，所以他坚持要我参加即将到来的写作比赛。
[拓展]　“动词＋介词on ”构成的动词短语
insist on坚决要求　　　take on呈现； 承担　　　turn on打开　　　put on穿上
用·中频词汇句式
核心词汇诠释
1)evaluate vt.评价；评估；估计)
(1)evaluate sb. on...根据……评价某人
(2)evaluation n. 估计，评价
make an evaluation of... 对……进行评估
[练透]　单句语法填空
①It is widely acknowledged that students should ________ (evaluate) in terms of overall qualities.
②Three professors were asked to make an ________ (evaluate) of the teaching plans designed by the new teachers.
2)obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得　vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行)
(1)obtain sth. for sb.为某人取得某物
(2)obtainable adj. 能得到的；可获得的[练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Finally, he acknowledged __________ (obtain) his father's financial support.
②他不仅帮助我更好地了解中国，而且我(也)学到了诚实的重要性。
Not only does he help me ____________________________， but I (also) have learnt the importance of honesty.
3)defeat n．失败；挫败　vt.击败；战胜；使困惑；难住)
(1)suffer a defeat　　　　遭受失败
acknowledge/admit defeat 承认失败
(2)defeat sb. 击败某人
[练透]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Although ________ (defeat), you can still find something more precious than victory.
②听说你在比赛中击败了其他所有的竞争对手，我写信向你表示祝贺。
________________________ in the contest，I am writing to congratulate you.
③我们遭受失败的原因是我们没有做好充分的准备。
The reason ________________________ was that we hadn't made a full preparation.
4)apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然)
(1)As is apparently shown in the picture above...
正如上面图画中所明显展示的那样……
(2)It is apparent/obvious that...
显然……
[练透]　一句多译
显而易见，早睡早起对我们的身体健康非常有益。
①__________________， going to bed early and getting up early is of great benefit to our health.
②________________________ going to bed early and getting up early is of great benefit to our health.
经典句式解构
1)句型公式：upon/on doing...在……的时候；当……时；一……就……)
【教材原句】　Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said，“The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country...”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我个人。我的身后是一个团队以及全国人民……”
(1)upon/on doing (that) ... 一……就……(表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生)
(2)表示“一……就……”的其他形式：as soon as, the moment/minute/instant, immediately/directly/instantly
[写美]　完成句子/一句多译
①我一看到老师就含着泪感谢了他。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷续写)
__________________________， I thanked my teacher with misty eyes.
②得知伯纳德处境困难，约翰立即致力于制作爆米花来帮助他。
________________________， John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.
＝________________________， John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.
2)句型公式：It is an honour for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是一种荣誉/一件幸事)
【教材原句】　It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。
it作形式主语的常用句式：
(1)It be＋过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, reported ...)＋that从句
(2)It be＋形容词(strange, important, vital, obvious, possible ...)＋that从句
(3)It be＋名词短语(a pity, a fact, a good idea, no wonder ...)＋that从句
[写美]　完成句子
①我很荣幸能代表我的班级参加写作比赛。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)
____________________ my class to take part in the writing contest.
②听说你要去拜访一个中国家庭，我非常高兴。 你有必要了解一下中国的餐桌礼仪。
I'm more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family. ____________________ the table manners of China.
③作为高中生，保护海洋是我们的责任，海洋是我们星球的肺。
As high school students, ____________________， which are the lungs of our planet.
练·课堂5分钟夯基
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．After all, the College Entrance Examination next year is ________ (至关重要) to your future.
2．If I hadn't given up after suffering the heavy ________ (失败), the situation I am in now would be totally different.
3．________ (显而易见), hard work, passion and good habits are necessary for people who want to succeed.
4．We should appreciate what we have ________ (获得) from life and seize every opportunity to help others.(主旨升华句)
Ⅱ.固定搭配和句式
1．As far as I'm concerned, success is the result of efforts, which doesn't happen ______________ (偶然).
2．As we all know, success lies in hard work while laziness ______________ (导致) failure.
3．Tu Youyou ______________ (毕业于) Peking University Medical School in 1955.
4．The farmers ______________ (坚持)sending us some tasty apples when we set off for our school.
5．To our surprise, the car didn't show any sign of ______________ (磨损；损耗) after a long journey.
温馨提示：请完成晚练1
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
预学案
语篇精读　形成阅读能力
Task 1
1．discovery; contributions
2．①discovery　②introduction　③process　④opinion
Task 2
1．B　2.B　3.C　4.D√
Task 3
Ⅰ.破解生僻词
n．性质；特征； n. 获得成功的迹象； n. 共同获奖者
Ⅱ.破译长难句
1．[结构分析] 复合；artemisinin
[尝试翻译] 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖被授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她在研究中发现了青蒿素，这是一种治疗疟疾的关键新药物。
2．[结构分析] 并列；定语；后置定语
[尝试翻译] 1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
3．[结构分析] but；宾语；定语；目的
[尝试翻译] 之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾，但是依旧无效。
Ⅲ.写作特色品鉴
(1)Tu Youyou，a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo，China，on 30 December 1930，and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
(2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
(3)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
研学案
学· 语言要点知识
1．①to/for　②of vital importance/significance　③It is vital for us to master some basic living skills
2．①Committed; studying; commitment　②committed a silly mistake in front of so many people　③commits himself to/is committed to helping those in need out of trouble; Committing himself to/Committed to helping those in need out of trouble
3．①are acknowledged　②being defeated　③It is acknowledged that
4．①(should) be made　②putting　③insisted that we (should) commit half an hour to reading English every day; insisted on us committing half an hour to reading English every day
用·中频词汇句式
核心词汇诠释
1．①be evaluated　②evaluation
2．①obtaining/having obtained　②obtain a better knowledge of China
3．①defeated　②Learning that you have defeated/beaten all the other competitors　③why we suffered a defeat
4．①Apparently　②It is apparent that
经典句式解构
1．①On/Upon seeing him　②Upon learning that Bernard was in trouble; The moment he learned that Bernard was in trouble
2．①It is a great honour for me to represent　②It is necessary that you should know about　③it's our responsibility to protect the oceans
练· 课堂5分钟夯基
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．crucial　2.defeat　3.Apparently　4.obtained
Ⅱ.固定搭配和句式
1．by chance　2.leads to　3.graduated from　4.insisted on　5.wear and tearSection Ⅱ　Learning About Language——非限制性定语从句
背·美文悟语法
　　①My classmate is named Li Meng，who is an easygoing boy. ②He was born into a wealthy family，whose parents are doctors. ③Li Meng studies hard and he is good at all the subjects，the best of which is maths. ④Last week he won first prize in the Maths Competition，which made his parents full of pride. ⑤However，there was a time when he disliked learning maths. ⑥It was our maths teacher，who had a long talk with him，that informed him of the reason why we should learn maths well. 1.以上句子中含有非限制性定语从句的是句____________，含有限制性定语从句的是句________。 2.非限制性定语从句用________隔开，而限制性定语从句不用________隔开。
探·语法课堂学习
一、非限制性定语从句的特点
1．非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明；如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)I will never forget this experience, which will always be one of the most precious memories of my life.
我永远不会忘记这次经历，它将永远是我人生中最宝贵的回忆之一。
②My teacher, who had always believed in me, was proud of my achievement.
我的老师一直相信我，为我的成就感到骄傲。
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)I am grateful to my teacher, whose encouragement and support helped me discover my potential.
我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持让我发现了自己的潜能。
2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以为单个的名词或代词，也可以为整个句子或其中一部分，且常译成并列的分句。
①We'll graduate in June, when we will be free.(先行词为名词)
我们将于六月份毕业，那时我们就自由了。
②He often comes to class late, which makes his teacher very angry.(先行词指代主句的内容)
他经常上课迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。
即时演练1用适当的关系词填空
①(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)Last summer, I learned the new skill of traditional Chinese painting, ________ turned out to be a fulfilling journey.
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)We met at the bus station, ________ he had dropped me off four days before.
③A movie is being shown these days, ________ theme is to save the earth and protect our common home.
④Many young people, most of ________ were welleducated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
⑤We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.
二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
1．关系代词
(1)关系代词who，whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人；who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语； whom作宾语；介词后用whom，不用who；
(2)whose作定语，先行词是人时，“whose＋名词”相当于“the＋名词＋of whom”；先行词是物时，“whose＋名词”相当于“the＋名词＋of which”；
(3)which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
①This is our headmaster, who I think has something crucial to tell you.
这是我们的校长，我认为他有至关重要的事情要告诉你。
②There are twenty students in this class, whose backgrounds are different.
这个班上有20名学生，他们的背景各不相同。
③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)I paid him for the ride, along with a generous tip, which he declined. 我付了他车费，还给了他一笔慷慨的小费，但他拒绝了。
名师指津　(1)that不可引导非限制性定语从句；
(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整句话的内容，也可指代某个词或词组，但是不能放于句首。
He was late for the meeting, which made the chairman very angry.(which指代整个主句的内容)
他开会迟到了，这使主席非常生气。
I want to buy the house, which has a garden.(which指代the house)
我想买这座房子，它带有一个花园。
2．关系副词
(1)when指代时间，在从句中作时间状语，可与“介词＋which”互换；
(2)where指代地点，在从句中作地点状语，可与“介词＋which”互换；
(3)why不能引导非限制性定语从句，可用for which代替。
①We will put off the outing until next Sunday, when/on which we won't be so busy.
我们将推迟郊游到下个星期天，那时我们就不会这么忙了。
②Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, where/in which they had a good time.
昨天，他们去公园野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。
③The reason, for which he was absent from the meeting, wasn't clear.
他为何缺席会议，原因不清楚。
即时演练2用适当的关系词填空
①Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
②He is a Chinese student named Li Hua, ________ is studying in London during the summer vacation.
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文)In conclusion，we all look forward to attending your class, ________ we can take the chance to improve our oral English.
④The MidAutumn Festival falls on 15 August of the Chinese lunar calendar, ________ a family get together and enjoy the dinner.
⑤(2024·山东潍坊高二检测)The main activities of the festival, ________ include competitions for kite making, flying and fighting, are scheduled.
三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as which
指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 不可位于主句之前
意义 正如 这，那
功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
①As is often the case, I have got inspiration as well as encouragement from the paper.
我经常从这份报纸中得到灵感和鼓舞。
②The singer, as was expected, achieved great success.
正如人们所期盼的那样，这位歌手取得了巨大的成功。
③It is the third time that she has won the race, which has surprised us all.
这是她第三次在比赛中获胜了，这让我们都很吃惊。
即时演练3选词填空(as/which)
①________ is mentioned in your report, traditional Chinese medicine has shown great power in the epidemic prevention.
②There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.
③The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
④________ is known to us all, the 19th Asian Games will be held in Hangzhou.
四、 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词＋关系代词”中，关系代词用whom指人， 用which指物。
①In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。
②I expressed my sincere gratitude to John, without whose help I couldn't have finished my task.
我向约翰表达了我诚挚的谢意，没有他的帮助，我不可能完成我的任务。
③The committee consists of ten members, all of whom are in favour of the plan.
委员会由十人组成，他们都支持这一方案。
即时演练4用适当的关系词填空
①Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of ________ were English novels.
②Participants, most of ________ are middle school students, will meet at the Olympic forest park.
③You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms, of ________ papercutting is one of the most popular.
学·语言要点知识
1)conclusion n．结论；推论)
(1)come to/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion 总之；最后
(2)conclude v. 结束；终止；推断出
conclude from... 从……中推断出
conclude sth. with sth. (by doing ...) (通过做……)以某事结束某事
[练透]　单句语法填空
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文)________ conclusion, I do hope that you can take what I've stated above into account.
②He concluded his speech ________ a famous saying “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
[写美]　一句多译
③我们可以得出结论：当我们面对困难的时候，只有通过共同合作我们才能克服困难。
__________________ when we face the difficulty, only by working together can we overcome it.(conclusion)
＝__________________ when we face the difficulty, only by working together can we overcome it.(conclude)
[拓展记忆]　 “总而言之”的表达：
①all in all　 ②in conclusion　③in short　④in brief　⑤in a word
2)circumstance n．[usually pl.] 条件；环境；状况)
in/under no circumstances决不　
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下
if circumstances allow/permit 如果条件允许的话
[写美]　完成句子
①如果情况允许的话，我会立即采取行动实现梦想。
____________________________， I will take immediate action to achieve my dream.
②我尴尬极了，我提醒自己决不会再犯这样的错误了。
Embarrassed, I reminded myself that under no circumstances _______________________．
③我无论如何都不会错过这个宝贵的机会，这对我未来的发展至关重要。
_______________________， which is vital for my future development.
[名师指津]　表示“决不，无论如何不”的其他相关表达：in no case, by no means, at no time, on no account, in no sense等。
练·课堂5分钟夯基
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Soon we were busy preparing presents for our unexpected guests, ________ just wanted to stay warm on Christmas Day.
2．The Chinese knot, ________ is a pretty decoration popular with Chinese，is usually hung in the sitting room of our home.
3．Last week，we took the foreign students to experience the tea culture, ________ turned out to be extremely rewarding.
4．She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of ________ had taken more than three years.
5．The flat should not be far away from the center of the city, ________ the traffic is convenient for me to go around.
6．I sincerely invite you and your family to join us for the Spring Festival, ________ you can fully experience the fun holiday.
Ⅱ.使用本单元所学的定语从句翻译下面的语段。
I have a classmate called Kate, 1.___________________________ (她的妈妈是我以前的英语老师). Kate is a girl 2.__________________________ (一个容易相处的女孩)and we all like her. Kate won the first place in the speech contest, 3.____________________________ (这使得她妈妈很高兴). The New Year is coming, 4._________________ _________ (到时Kate会和她妈妈一起去香港). As we all know, Hong Kong is a shopping paradise, 5._______________________ (Kate打算在那里买她需要的东西).
温馨提示：请完成晚练2
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
——非限制性定语从句
预学案
1．①②③④⑥； ⑤
2．逗号； 逗号
研学案
探·语法课堂学习
[即时演练1]　①which　②where　③whose　④whom　⑤when
[即时演练2]　①whose　②who　③where　④when　⑤which
[即时演练3]　①As　②as　③which　④As
[即时演练4]　①which　②whom　③which
学· 语言要点知识
1．①In　②with　③We can draw the conclusion that; We can conclude that
2．①If circumstances permit　②would I commit such a mistake again　③Under no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity
练·课堂5分钟夯基
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．who　2.which　3.which　4.which　5.where　6.when
Ⅱ.使用本单元所学的定语从句翻译下面的语段。
1．whose mother is my former English teacher
2．who is easy to get along with
3．which made her mother very happy
4．when Kate will go to Hong Kong together with her mother
5．where Kate intends to buy what she needsSection Ⅳ　Writing——介绍人物
通·题型解读
介绍人物通常使用第一人称或第三人称来表达。主体时态常用一般现在时和一般过去时。介绍人物时要注意以下五个方面：
(1)出生年月和出生地；(2)家庭背景；(3)教育；
(4)人生中的重要事件；(5)评价。
析·谋篇思路
注意：运用正确的时态。描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出生地、教育背景、经历、事迹时常用一般过去时。
积·满分素材
第一段：开门见山，指出要介绍的人物的一些个人信息
1．Knowing that you're interested in Chinese expert Zhong Nanshan, I'm writing to share something about him.
得知你对中国专家钟南山感兴趣，我写信告诉你一些关于他的信息。
2．As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.
至于我最喜欢的中国历史人物，那一定是魏源，晚清时代的伟大思想家。
3．The greatest person I know of is Dr. Zhong Nanshan, who is one of the most respectable and trusted figures.
我所知道的最伟大的人是钟南山院士，他是最受尊敬和信任的人物之一。
第二段：个人的成长经历以及取得的成就
1．When I come across the problems of learning in my study, he will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely.
当我遇到学习中的困难的时候， 他都会耐心地倾听， 并鼓励我勇敢地克服困难。
2．He inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world in the future.
他激励我在大学里以英语为专业， 将来成为中国和世界的桥梁。
3．After graduating from Xi'an Jiaotong University, he received a doctor's degree in computer science.
从西安交通大学毕业后，他获得了计算机科学博士学位。
4．Madame Curie made great contributions to the development of science, which paved the way for further research.
居里夫人对科学的发展做出了巨大的贡献，这为进一步的研究铺平了道路。
5．She devoted her whole life to scientific research and her scientific findings benefited people all over the world.
她毕生致力于科学研究，她的科学成果造福了全世界的人民。
第三段：总结概括，简短评论
1．Such is Wang Xiaoping, a simple man who has made great achievements in the field of medicine.
这就是王小平，一个在医学领域取得巨大成就的普通人。
2．He was one of the best professors I've ever met, and he really cared about his students and their work.
他是我遇到过的最好的教授之一，他对他的学生们和他们的学习非常关心。
3．He serves as a good role model and makes great contributions to society.
他是一个好榜样，对社会做出了巨大贡献。
练·写作规范
假定你是李华，你校英文报将举办题为“My Favorite Chinese Scientist”的征文活动，请你写一篇文章投稿，要点包括：
1．科学家简介； 2.该科学家的贡献； 3.对你的影响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
?第一步：认真审题　谋篇布局
?第二步：斟词酌句　靓化表达
?完成句子
1．________________________ Zhao Jiuzhang.
我最喜欢的科学家是赵九章。
2．Zhao Jiuzhang ________________________ of China's first manmade satellite.
赵九章是一位伟大的物理学家，也是中国第一颗人造卫星的设计者之一。
3．In 1933, he ______________________ Tsinghua University and ____________________ he went to study meteorology in Berlin University.
1933年在清华大学毕业后，他去柏林大学学习气象学。
4．________________________， he ________________________ physics and the research of climate, ________________________.
当他回到中国的时候，他把一生都奉献给物理和气候的研究，并收获了无数奖项。
5．(一句多译)他用他对科学和祖国的奉献精神激励着我。(inspire sb. with sth.)
______________________ is the spirit of being devoted to science and our country.(主语从句)
＝______________________ he inspired me with.(强调句)
语句升级
6．用非限制性定语从句提升句1、2。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7．用动词ing形式把句3变为简单句。
____________________________ in 1933, he went to study meteorology in Berlin University.
?第三步：合理过渡　完美卷面
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
温馨提示：请完成晚练4 　 单元素养评价（一）
Section Ⅳ　Writing——介绍人物
练·写作规范
第二步
1．My favorite scientist is
2．was a great physicist and also one of the designers
3．graduated from; later
4．When he returned to China; devoted all his life to; receiving a lot of awards
5．What he inspired me with; It is the spirit of being devoted to science and our country that
6．My favorite scientist is Zhao Jiuzhang, who was a great physicist and also one of the designers of China's first man made satellite.
7．After graduating from Tsinghua University
第三步
参考范文：
My Favorite Chinese Scientist
Hello, everyone! My favorite scientist is Zhao Jiuzhang, who was a great physicist and also one of the designers of China's first man made satellite.
Zhao Jiuzhang was born in 1907 and died in 1968.After graduating from Tsinghua University in 1933, he went to study meteorology in Berlin University. After 3 years' hard work, he received his doctor's degree. When he returned to China, he devoted all his life to physics and the research of climate, receiving a lot of awards. Besides, he helped train many excellent young scientists for the country.
In a word, he set a good example to me and what he inspired me with is the spirit of being devoted to science and our country.
That's all. Thank you!

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