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(共33张PPT)
The future is in our genes
未来存在于我们的基因之中
What’s going to be talked about in the lecture, according to the title
Prediction
Pre-reading
Why do they look alike
What do you know about genes
Pre-reading
What do you know about genes
small sections of DNA
control a particular quality ( passed on from parents)
一小段DNA
控制一种特定的品质（从父母那里遗传）
Skimming 略读
Please find the topic sentences of each paragraph.
Pay attention to the first sentence and the last sentence 注意第一句和最后一句
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Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you all for coming to this lecture. Over the course of my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome editing. I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and hope to share my excitement with you today.
女士们，先生们，下午好。谢谢大家来听这个讲座。在我的职业生涯中，我见证了许多了不起的科学发展，但没有一个能像基因组编辑那样改变游戏规则。我对这一科学进步所带来的可能性充满了兴奋，我希望今天能与你们分享我的兴奋。
输入
内容
输入
内容
para.1
What’s the type of this passage
Who might be the speaker
lecture transcript 讲座记录
biologist/geneticist
生物学家/遗传学家
As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. Everything from the color of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on genes. The complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being is called a genome.
你们很多人可能已经知道，基因在塑造我们的生活中起着至关重要的作用。从眼睛的颜色到我们的数学天赋，一切都取决于基因。一个细胞或生物体内的整套基因被称为基因组。
Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop. It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. Some people, for example, carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus or develop a particular form of cancer.
我们个人的基因组携带着使我们成长和发展所需的所有信息。它(基因组）还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。例如，有些人携带一种基因,使他们更容易感染某种病毒或患上某种癌症。
Main Idea Aspects
Genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. 基因在塑造我们的生活中起着至关重要的作用。 The of eyes and of math.
Make us and .
Helps determine and affects our chances of .
colour
our talent
grow
develop
lifespan
contracting certain diseases
Reading for information (para 2)
What information does our personal genome carry
Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material. In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems.
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。它允许遗传学家通过纠正、增加、刪除或替换遗传物质的特定部分的方式对基因组进行修正。在不久的将来，遗传学家希望将这项技术应用于治疗广泛的健康问题。
Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person's vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing. Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on. Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.
也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力，或者让先天性失聪的人拥有敏锐的听力。最终，这项新技术甚至可能通过早期纠正异常基因来预防疾病的发展。基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的新武器，将导致我们的医疗保健方法发生根本性变化。
Ways to make changes to the genome: _____________________________________ specific parts of the genetic material.
Application in medical fields of :
Disease treatment eg. _________________________________________
____________________________________________
It might even prevent diseases from ever developing
by _______________________________.
Significance: It will lead to a _____________ change in our
______________________.
Correcting, adding, deleting or replacing
Disease
prevention
correcting abnormal genes early on
fundamental
Reading for information (para 3)
How does genome editing help with disease treatment and prevention
Restore a blind person’s vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.
approach to health care
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies
然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。我们是否应该将这种技术的使用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面？我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它(基因组编辑技术)来使健康的身体更加强健？
One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent. We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born, creating what some have called “designer babies”.
不久的将来，我们将能够使用基因组编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的抵抗力，使人长高，帮助他们的肌肉更快地发育,使他们所有的感官更加敏锐，或使他们更加聪明。我们也将能够在孩子出生前为他们选择特定的特征，创造一些所谓的“定制/编辑婴儿”。
However, is this a good thing What consequences might it have Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues. We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild. This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
然而，这是一件好事吗？会有什么后果呢？哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力解决这样的道德问题。我们必须想办法防止技术失控。这意味着适当的管制要准备到位/就绪，以确保基因组编辑会对我们有利。没有它们,基因组编辑可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。
1、What is a “designer baby”
A “designer baby” is a baby whose characteristics have been specifically selected before it is born.
2、What dose the lecturer compare uncontrolled genome editing to
A car out of control.
Reading for information (para 4)
There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing. Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond. Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest innovations in the history of science. Thank you for listening.
在基因组编辑这个主题上还有很多有待探索和争论的地方。尽管公众对这项技术争论不休，但它的可能性已经在整个医学界内外引起了极大的兴奋。毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的创新之一。谢谢大家的聆听。
What is the lecturer’s attitude toward genome editing
Evidence:
Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the medical community and beyond.
Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.
Reading for information (para 5)
A. Disapproving (反对) B. Doubtful (怀疑)
C. Neutral (中立) D. Supportive (支持)
Read the lecture transcript again carefully and answer the following questions.
A2
1 What information does our personal genome carry
It carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop. It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. (L9-11)
2 How can geneticists make changes to the genome
By correcting, adding, deleting replacing specific parts of the genetic material.
3 How might genome editing make it possible to prevent diseases from developing
By correcting abnormal genes early on.
4 What is a “designer baby”
A “designer baby” is a baby whose characteristics have been specifically selected before it is born.
5 What does the lecturer compare uncontrolled genome editing to
The lecturer compares it to a car out of control.
The News report below is about the discovery of genetic markers that are tied to plete the news report with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
B1
pace means identify wrestle with
cell fundamental affect without doubt
This week, a team of scientists based in Switzerland(瑞士) announced the discovery of sixteen genetic markers(遗传标记) that relate to human lifespans. (1) _________________, the discovery is an important finding(研究结果) in the field of(在…领域) genetics.
Without doubt
For years, scientists have been working to (2) __________ specific genetic markers that are connected with a long lifespan. Until recently, only two such markers were known to the scientific community(科学界).
Genes play a critical role in overall health(整体健康). Every (3) _____ in the human body contains genetic information. Everything from the ageing process(衰老过程) to the development of deadly diseases, such as cancer, is tied to(与...密切相关) an individual’s genetic make-up(遗传构成).
identify
cell
However, scientists have long been (4) _________________ the question about which genetic markers indicate(表明，象征) a short or long lifespan. The discovery by the research team may quicken the (5) ______ of the study on genes and human lifespans, and eventually help answer this question.
Scientists say that locating(定位) these sixteen genetic markers will greatly improve their understanding of how genes (6) ________ lifespans.
pace
wrestling with
affect
These genetic markers may eventually function as a (7) ________ of targeting(针对) the specific genes connected with lifespans. This could significantly(显著地) enhance people’s chances of living to a ripe(成熟) old ages. According to some scientists, it could make a (8) _______________ change to the future of human life.
fundamental
means
The lecture transcript uses a number of words related to “gene”. Look at the examples, think of more word families with a similar pattern and fill in the table below.
Suffixes Meanings Words
-(t)ics / -(o)logy the study of a subject genetics(遗传学)
-(t)ic / -al related to genetic(基因的，遗传的)
-ist / -ian a person who studies a subject geneticist(遗传学家)
statistics(统计学), economics(经济学), sociology(社会学)
economic(经济的), political(政治的), musical(音乐的)
physicist(物理学家), politician(政治家), musician(音乐家)
B2

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