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高中英语必修二 unit 4 词汇归纳
Confucius [k n fju s] n．孔子
词性转换： Confucian adj. 儒家的，儒学的； n. 儒家学者； Confucianism n. 儒家思想，儒学
2.mansion [ m n n] n．公馆；宅第
3.cemetery [ sem tri] n．墓地；公墓
☆ tomb n. 坟墓，公墓 ☆ grave n. 坟墓
philosophy [f l s fi] n．哲学
词性转换：philosopher n.哲学家
descendant [d send nt] n．后裔；后代；子孙
☆ ___________ v. 下降，降临，来临
individual [ nd v dj l] adj．单独的；个别的; n．个人
eg: The competition is open to both teams and individuals.
eg: A teacher cannot give individual attention to each pupil if his class is large.
词性转换：________________ adv. 分别地，单独地，个别地
heel [hi l] n．足跟；（脚、袜子、鞋等的）后跟
Achilles' heel [ k li z hi l] （喻）（希腊神话）阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
eg: Everyone has his Achilles' heel.
kingdom [ k d m] n．王国；领域
chief [ i f] adj．最重要的；最高级别的; n．（公司或机构的）首领；遒长
☆ pl. chiefs eg: The meeting was attended by all the department chiefs.
词性转换：_____________ adv. 主要地，首要地
puzzle [ p zl] n．谜；智力游戏；疑问; vt．迷惑；使困惑
eg: What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.
☆ be in a puzzle 感到困惑 eg: I am in a puzzle about the matter.
☆ ....be a puzzle to sb 对某人来说....是个难题/谜
eg: Finding a parking spot in the city center is always a puzzle to me.
词性转换：___________ adj. 困惑的，迷惑不解的； _______________adj. 令人困惑的； _____________n. 困惑
☆be puzzled about... 对...感到困惑 eg: Scientists are puzzled about the sudden disappearance of the species.
填空： 1) The___________ puzzle made her __________. (puzzle)
2)She had a __________ expression on her face. (puzzle)
3)I am still puzzled ___________ the instructions she gave us.
12. nearby [ n ba ] adj．附近的；邻近的; adv．在附近
eg：a nearby supermarket = a supermarket nearby
eg: He lives nearby.
13.join…to…． [l n…tu …．] 把……和……连接或联结起来
eg: You should never join an electric wire to a water pipe.
eg: The island ___________________ the mainland by a bridge. 这个岛有一座桥与大陆相连。
14.break away（from sb/sth）脱离；背叛；逃脱
eg: The prisoner broke away from his guards. 凡人逃脱了看守。
eg: They attempted to break away to form an independent state. 他们企图分裂出去成立一个独立的国家。
☆ break down （物质）分解； （数据，清单）细分；（机器，设备） 出现故障，失灵 ；（身体，精神）垮掉，崩溃
☆ break out （战争，疾病，火灾等） 突然开始，爆发
☆ break up （关系）破裂，分手；（群体）解散，结束；（物体）拆分，打碎，分解
eg: My car broke down on the highway.
eg: They broke up after three years of dating.
eg: World War Ⅱ broke out in 1941.
belong [b l ] vi．应在（某处）；适应
词性转换： belonging n. 归属 eg: a sense of belonging 归属感
belongings n. 个人财物，随身物品 eg: Please take care of your personal belongings.
belong to [b l tu ] 属于
17. as well as [ z wel z] 同（一样也）；和；还
☆ as well as 连接词性，结构完全平行的并列成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致。
eg: I love playing basketball as well as swimming.
eg: We can watch a movie as well eat some snacks tonight.
eg: Tom as well as his friends __________(like) playing soccer. （就远原则）
区别： as well 只用于句末。 eg: Ellen can speak English, and she can speak Japanese as well.
currency [ k r nsi] n．通货；货币
eg: We need some local currency for the trip.]
eg: The pound is one of the major international currencies.
词性转换：current adj. 流通的，通用的； 当前的； n. 电流,气流，水流
eg: This kind of coin is no longer current in our country. 这种硬币在我国已经不再流通。
eg: The current situation requires immediate action. 当前的形势需要立即的行动。
eg: current events 时事； current fashion trend 当前的时尚趋势
eg: The current is too weak to power the machine.
military [ m l t ri] adj．军事的；军用的
eg： military training 军训
defence [d fens] n．防御；保卫
eg: military defence 军事防御
☆ in defence of 为了保卫... ; 为...辩护 eg: In defence of my rights, I will not back down.
词性转换：___________ v. 保卫，防御
defend sth 保卫... eg: defend the castle
defend against sth 抵御.... eg: The castle's walls were built to defend against enemy attacks.
defend sb against sth 保护某人免受...的攻击/伤害 eg: Wearing a mask helps to defend us against viruses.
_____________ adj. 防御性的，自我保护的 eg: When I asked about the mistake, he gave a very defensive answer.
legal [ li g l] adj．法律的；合法的
词性转换： ___________ adj. 不合法的； __________adv. 合法地； __________adv. 不合法地
surround [s ra nd] vt．围绕；包围
☆ be surrounded by 被...包围/围绕 eg: The building is surrounded by trees.
☆ surround ...with... 用...包围... eg: They surrounded the building with police.
词性转换：______________ adj. 周围的，附近的 _____________n. 环境
填空：1. She arrived and sat in the front row, _____________by his family.
She was faced with a new job in unfamiliar _____________.
Standing on the top , we admired the ____________ scenes.
When I came to the airport, I saw that the place ____________by police.
evidence [ ev d ns] n．证据；证明
eg: They have destroyed all the evidence.
☆ There is (no) evidence of / that (没）有证据证明....
eg: There is no evidence of his crime.
eg: There is evidence that a small amount of alcohol(酒精） is good for health.
词性转换： ___________ adj. 明显的，明白的; ___________ adv. 显然，明显地，清楚地
☆It is evident that .... 显而易见 eg: It is evident that his opinion is wrong.
= ____________, his opinion is wrong.
achievement [ i vm nt] n．成就；成绩；达到
eg: a sense of achievement 成就感
词性转换： ___________ v. 实现，达到
location [l ke n] n．地方；地点；位置
词性转换： ___________ v. 确定...的位置，把...安置在
→ be located in.... 位于，坐落于.... eg: My hometown is located in the northeast of China.
conquer [ k k ] vt．占领；征服；控制
eg: Man must conquer nature.
词性转换： ___________ n. 征服者，胜利者
battle [ b tl] n．战役；搏斗; vi．＆vt．博斗；奋斗
☆ battle against/with...(for... ) （因.. .) 和...作斗争 eg: She has battled against cancer for years.
port [p t] n．港口（域市）
词汇扩展： import v. 进口 export v. 出口 airport n. 机场 passport n. 护照
fascinating [ f s ne t ] adj．极有吸引力的；迷人的
词性转换： ___________ v. 深深吸引，迷住； ______________ adj. 入迷的，极感兴趣的
______________ n. 魅力，极大的吸引力
keep your eyes open (for) 睁大眼睛； 留心；留意
eg: Keep your eyes open for a boy in a red sweater.
eg: When you travel, keep your eyes open. You will learn more by observing different cultures.
☆ keep an eye on 照看，照顾 eg: Will you keep an eye on my luggage
charge [ ɑ ] n．收费；指控；主管; vt．收费；控告；充电
☆ free of charge 免费
☆ in charge of 主管，负责 eg: Ellen is in charge of this class.
☆ in the charge of =in sb's charge eg: This class is in the charge of Ellen/ in Ellen's charge.
☆ take charge of 开始负责，主管，掌握 eg: He took charge of the farm after his father died.
☆charge sb (money) for sth 因某事向某人收费 eg: We won't charge you for delivery. It is free of charge.
☆ charge sb with (doing) sth 因（做）某事而控告某人 eg: He was charged with murder.
announce [ na ns] vt．宣布；通知；声称
eg: She announced that she had give up smoking.
☆ announce sth to sb 向某人宣布某事
☆ It is announced that 据宣布...
词性转换：__________________n. 宣布，通知，通告； _________________n. 广播员，播音员
amount [ ma nt] n．金额；数量; v.总共，合计
☆ the amount of.... ...的数量 eg: The amount of time he spends on video games is concerning.
☆ a large/small amount of + 不可数名词， 做主语时，谓语动词用_______数
☆ large/small amounts of + 不可数名词， 做主语时，谓语动词用_______数
eg: So far, large amounts of money ____________________(donate) to charity.
34.gallery [ g l ri] n．（艺术作品的）展览馆；画廊
35.approach [ pr ] n．方法；途径；接近; vt．接近；接；着手处理; vi．靠近
☆ an approach to (doing) sth (做)某事的方法/途径
eg: Facing up to your problems is the best approach to ____________(work) things out.
☆ at the approach of... 在快到... 的时候
eg: People are busy shopping _____ the approach of New Year.
☆approach the problem 处理问题
方式；方法
way 方式，方法。最通用，口语化。不强调是否系统或正规。 the way to do the way of doing in this way the best way to learn English the best way of learning English
means 实现某个目的工具，手段或媒介。单复同形 by means of a means of (doing) sth by no means They make money by means of online sales. a means of transportation 交通工具
method 系统，科学，有条理的方法。强调一套成体系的步骤。 a method for （doing) The book provides new methods of study. teaching method; training method
approach 解决问题的思路/途径 an approach to doing We need a different approach to solving the problem. (to 是介词）
方式方法类词汇填空题 (means / way / method / approach)
1.We should use more environmentally friendly ___________ of transportation to reduce pollution.
2.My English teacher has a special ___________ of making grammar lessons interesting.
3.Could you please show me the ___________ to operate this new machine I’m not familiar with it.
4.The research team spent three months developing a new ________ for testing the effectiveness of the drug.
5.By no ___________ should we give up when facing difficulties; persistence is the key to success.
6.This book presents a creative ___________ to helping children develop reading habits from an early age.
ensure [ n ] n．保证；确保；担保
☆ ensure sb sth 向某人保证某物 eg: The medicine can ensure you a good night's sleep.
☆ ensure that+ 从句 eg: I cannot ensure that he will be there in time.
landscape [ l nske p] n．（陆上，尤指乡树的）风景
词义辨析： 1.scenery 自然风光的总称，不可数。尤指那些被认为是美丽或吸引人的户外自然风景。
scene 指具体的场景或画面
view 多指从高处或远处看到的景色（强调观察者的特定角度看到的景色）
landscape 强调地质地貌特征，可以是自然景观也可以是人工规划的风景。
sight 视觉焦点或名胜古迹
generous [ en r s] adj．慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
☆ be generous with sth 对某物毫不吝啬 eg： He is generous with money.
☆ be generous to sb 对某人宽厚，慷慨 eg: The boss is very generous to his employees.
☆ be generous in doing sth 在做某事时表现的慷慨eg: She is generous in sharing her study notes before exams.
词性转换：____________n. 慷慨，大方
butter [ b t ] n．黄油；奶油; vt．涂黄油于
eg: Can you butter my bread for me
honey [ h ni] n．蜂蜜
ancestor [ ns st ] n．祖宗；祖先
position [p z n] n．位置；姿态；职位
courtyard [ k t jɑ d] n．庭院；院子
snack [sn k] n．点心；小吃
eager [ i g ] adj．热切的；渴望的
☆ be eager for sth 迫切要... eg: We are eager for success.
☆ be eager to do 渴望做... eg: I am eager to be successful.
词性转换：____________n. 热切，渴望，热心
poet [ p t] n．诗人
词性转换：____________n. [C] 诗 ____________n. [U] 诗歌（艺术）
county [ ka nti] n．（英国、爱尔兰的）郡；（美国的）县
feast [fi st] n．盛宴；宴会；节日； v. 款待
eg: a feast of colors and sounds 赏心悦目的颜色和声音
eg: a feast for the eyes 大饱眼福
eg: feast one's friends 设宴招待朋友
roll [r l] vi．＆vt．（使）翻滚；（使）滚动; n．卷（轴）；翻滚
☆ rock and roll 摇滚乐
☆ a roll of ... 一卷... eg: a roll of toilet paper; a roll of tape
☆ roll up 摇上（车窗）； 卷起（某物）
☆ roll down 摇下（车窗）； 滚下 eg: Tears rolled down the little girl's cheek.
☆ roll in 大量涌入
dot [d t] n．点；小（圆）点; vt．加点；遍布 ( dotting; pt./pp. dotted; dotted)
eg: mark with a dot 用一个点做标记
☆ be dotted with 点缀，布满... eg: The sky is dotted with stars.
cattle [ k tl] n．牛 (集合名词，谓语动词用复数）
eg: The cattle are grazing. 牛在吃草。
☆ 其它集合名词： people, police , clothes
roar [r ] vi．&n．吼叫；咆哮
53. ocean [ n] n．大海；海洋
54. scent [sent] n．气味；气息
55. greet [gri t] vi．问候；迎接
☆ greet sb with ... 以...方式问候某人 eg: She always greet me with a smile.
词性转换：____________n. 问候，招呼
pub [p b] n．酒吧；酒馆
wine [wa n] n．葡萄酒；果酒
beer [b ] n．（一杯）啤酒
stew [stju ] n．炖菜（有肉和蔬菜）; vt．＆vi．炖；煨
eg: prepare a stew
eg: stew chicken
custom [ k st m] n．风俗；习俗；习惯
词汇扩展： customs n. 海关
sensory [ sens ri] adj．感觉的；感官的
eg: sensory organs/nerves 感觉器官/神经
词性转换：_sense n. 感觉，知觉，意识，观念 eg: sense of humour
make sense 有道理
make sense of ...理解，弄懂 eg: Can you make sense of the poem
sensitive adj. 敏感的 eg: She is very sensitive to criticism (批评）and gets upset easily.
sensible adj. 明智的，合乎情理的 eg：It is more sensible to save money for emergencies than to spend it all on luxuries(奢侈品）.
striking [ stra k ] adj．引人注目的；显著的
eg: I was attracted by the striking idea.
词性转换：________ adv. 惊人地，显著地;
strike v. 打击，袭击，敲击，擦（火柴） pt./pp. struck/ stuck/ striken
☆ It strikes sb that 某人突然想到 =It occurs to sb that= It hits sb that
eg: It struck her that she had no money on her.
transition [tr n z ( )n] n．过渡；转变；变迁
eg: Adolescence(青春期） is the period of transition between childhood and adulthood.
词性转换：______________ adj. 过渡的，临时的，转型的
crowd [kra d] n．人群；一群人；民众; vt．挤满；使………拥挤
☆ a crowd of 一群，许多
☆ crowd into 挤进...
词性转换：_____________ adj. 拥挤的 _____________ adj. 不拥挤的
Wales [we lz] 威尔士（英国）
词性转换：Welsh adj. 威尔士的，威尔士（人/语） 的
Scotland [ sk tl nd] 苏格兰（英国）
词性转换：Scottish _ adj. 苏格兰的，苏格兰人的
Northern Ireland [ n n a l nd] 北爱尔兰（英国）
词性转换：Irish [ a r ] adj. 爱尔兰的
Anglo-Saxon [ gl s ks n] 盎格鲁．撒克逊人
69.Viking [ va k ] n．维京人；北欧海盗
70.Norman [ n m n] adj．诺曼式的；诺曼人的
71.the Normans [ n m nz] 诺曼人
72.Battle of Hastings [ b tl v he st z] 黑斯廷斯战役
73.Roman [ r m n] adj．古罗马的；罗马的; n．古罗马人；罗马市民
74.Van Gogh [v n g ] 梵高（荷兰画家）
75.the Emerald Isle [ i em r ld a l] 绿宝石岛（爱尔兰的别称)

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