资源简介

(共49张PPT)
Xb1 Unit 1
People of Achievement
Words and Expressions
Part 01
Key words
1. physiology
/ f zi l d i/
n. 生理学；生理机能
-(o)logy = 科学或研究的领域
biology: 生物学
geology：地质学
sociology：社会学
ecology：生态学
biologist: 生物学家
geologist：地质学家
sociologist：社会学家
ecologist：生态学家
________ n. 物理学 ________ adj. 身体的，物理的
________ n. 物理学家 ________ n. 内科医师
physics
physical
physicist
physician
2. crucial
/ f zi l d i/
n. 生理学；生理机能
The support of our fans is crucial to/for our winning the Super Cup.
球迷的支持对我们赢得超级杯非常关键。
Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school.
父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。
It is crucial that all students (should) develop these basic skills.
所有学生都要培养这些基本技能，这是极其重要的。
/'kru l/
adj. 至关重要的；关键性的
be crucial to/for... 对……至关重要
play a crucial role/part in... 在……中起至关重要的作用
It is crucial that... ……极其重要。
(that引导的主语从句中谓语要用“(should)+动词原形”
3. vital
/ va t( )l/
adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
单句语法填空
① Enough sleep is vital _________ the students’ well-being and health.
② It is vital that we _____________(take) measures to prevent the disease from spreading.
③As far as I’m concerned, it is vital____________(raise) people’s awareness of environmental protection.
for / to
(should) take
to raise
(1)be vital for/to sth 对……极为重要
be of vital importance 至关重要
(2)It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要
It is vital that ...(should) do sth……做某事是十分重要的
/k m t/
4. commit
vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)；犯 (错误、罪行等)
vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
committed (过去时) --- committed (过去分词)
(1)commit a mistake/murder/a crime 谋杀/犯罪
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)
承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
(2)committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的
be committed to (doing) sth
commit oneself to (doing) sth
(3)commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺
make a commitment to (doing /do)sth保证/承诺做某事
致力于做某事
其他常用的“献身于；致力于；专心致志于”的表达：
·be devoted to (doing) sth
·be dedicated to (doing) sth
·be absorbed in (doing) sth
·be buried in (doing) sth
·be engaged in (doing) sth
·apply oneself to (doing) sth
5. academy
/ k d mi/
n.（艺术、文学、科学等的） 研究院；学会；
专科院校（军事，音乐等）；（美国的）私立学校
CAS - Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院
academic
adj. 学业的；学术的
/ k dem k/
academic performance 学业表现
6. objective
/ b d ekt v/
(1) n. [C] 目标; 目的
The Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective/aim of discovering a new treatment for malaria.
中国政府组建一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍。
(2) adj. 客观的
[反] subjective (主观的)
What is the author’s attitude objective or subjective
aim / purpose / goal
object to (doing) sth.
反对(做)某事
object n./vi.
objection n. [C/U]
反对；异议
物体,实物；目的,宗旨；反对
7. botanical
/b t n k( )l/
adj. 植物（学）的
botany
/ b t ni/
n. [U] 植物学
8. evaluate
/ v ljue t/
vt. 评价；评估
同义：judge / assess
evaluation n. 评估；评价
make an evaluation 进行评估
self-evaluation 自我评价
Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.（全国卷III）
(1)It is distinct that...　　很明显…
be distinct from...in... 在...方面与…不同=be different from...
(2)distinction n.差别；区别；优秀；卓越　
make a distinction between...and..对… 和… 加以区分
(3)distinctive adj.与众不同的;有特色的
distinguish v. 区分；分清
用distinct及其正确形式填空
The two flowers are quite _______ from one another, so it is easy to make a _________ between them.
翻译：很明显，吸烟有害健康。
distinct
distinction
9. distinct
/d st kt/
adj.清晰的；清晰的；有区别的
It is distinct that smoking is harmful to health.
10. acknowledge
/ k n l d /
vt. 承认（属实、权威等);（公开）感谢;告知收到
承认错误：
acknowledge one’s mistake
acknowledgement / acknowledgment
n. [C] & [U] 承认；确认；[常用复数] 鸣谢
有些英文书的正文前或正文后有一页Acknowledgements，可翻译成“致谢；感谢；鸣谢”。
11. defeat
/d fi t/
n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜
单句语法填空/完成句子
①The navy played a significant role in (defeat) the rebellion.
②Li Na (defeat) her opponent and won the first in the final of the French Open in 2011.
③Our baseball team last week, but we didn’t give up.
我们的棒球队上周失利了，但我们没有放弃。
defeating
defeated
suffered defeat
defeat sb. 击败某人
suffer (a) defeat 遭受失败
a narrow/heavy defeat 惜败/惨败
acknowledge/admit/accept defeat 承认失败/认输/接受失败
区分defeat, beat, win
defeat/beat
宾语为对手时，两者可通用。
defeat宾语通常是敌人
beat多用于竞争、比赛、辩论等的对手
win
表示在竞争中取得胜利
宾语一般为race, game, match, election, prize等
不能接人，但可以说win over sb（把某人争取过来）
Yesterday I ___________ Hanks in the match. He _____only one set, while I won two. 昨天在比赛中我赢了汉克斯。他只赢了一局，而我赢了两局。
defeated/beat
won
(1)insist on/upon (doing) sth 坚持(做)某事
(2)insist that...
·坚持说/认为…(从句内容表示一个事实，从句谓语按实际需要选择时态)
·坚持主张，坚决要求…(从句用虚拟语气，即(should)＋动词原形)
Translate:
①He insisted (that) he hadn’t done anything wrong and that he (should) be set free.
②She insisted that the man had stolen her wallet and that he
(should) be sent to the police station.
12. insist
/ n s st/
vi. / vt. 坚持；坚决要求
13. conclusion
/ k n klu n /
n. 结论;推论
(1)in conclusion＝to conclude 总之；最后
draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论；作出推断
(2)conclude vt. & vi.断定；推断出；得出结论；(使)结束
conclude ....from ... 从……中推断出……
conclude ...by doing sth (with sth) 以……结束……
1. We’ll have a further discussion before we come to a conclusion.
得出结论之前我们将做进一步的讨论。
2. I concluded from my own experiences that “Where there is a will,
there is a way. ” 我从自己的经历中得出结论：“有志者，事竟成。”
14. circumstance
/ s k mst ns /
n. 条件；环境;状况
Remember that goals are flexible. They can change according to circumstances. 记住，目标是灵活的。它们可以根据情况而改变。
I know I can trust the woman in any circumstances.
我知道我在任何情况下都能信任那个女人。
Under/ In no circumstances should you evaluate his scientific research in public. 你无论如何都不该当众评价他的科学研究。
under / in no circumstances 无论如何不，决不
(放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
under / in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此
15. chart
/t ɑ t/
n. 图表 vt. 记录；制定计划
Flow chart 流程图
Pie chart 饼图
Line Chart 线形图
16. found
/ fa nd /
vt. 创建; 建立; 把……建立在
found (founded, founded) 创建，建立
founder n. 创办者，发起者
foundation n. 地基；基础，根据
lay a (firm/solid) foundation for. . . 为……打下(坚实的)基础
establish
单句语法填空
1. The town ____________ by English settlers in 1790.
2. Harvard University, _______ in 1636, is the oldest university in the United States.
founded
was founded
17. infer
/ n f (r)/
v. 推断；推定
What can we infer from the text
因infer意为“推断”，必定是推断文中没有明说的，是要求考生根据文中已有信息再结合已有常识进行适当推断得出作者没有明说的言外之意或弦外之音。
18. passion
/ p ( )n /
n. 酷爱; 激情
full of passion /with passion 富有激情
have a passion for... 非常喜欢
passionate adj.热诚的;狂热的
be passionate about…对…狂热/酷爱
单句语法填空/完成句子
①He has a passion Chinese literature, which dates back to his youth.
②One should always be full passion in his life no matter how old he is.
③He played such great passion that no one could compare with him.
④Being good at something and it are not enough.
擅长某件事情并对它情有独钟是不够的。
for
of
with
having a passion for
19. doctorate
/ d kt r t /
n. 博士学位
doctor’s degree 博士学位
bachelor’s degree 学士学位
master’s degree 硕士学位
in +专业
/ b t l (r)/
e to power
(开始) 掌权; 上台
这位总统几年前当选执政，到现在他已经执政4年了。
The president came to power several years ago, and until now he has been in power for 4 years.
be in power 掌权；执政(表示状态，和一段时间连用)
have the power to do sth. 具有做某事的能力/权力
within one’s power 在某人的能力范围内
beyond/out of one’s power 某人力所不能及的
powerful adj. 强有力的
21. institution
/ nst tju ( )n/
n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗
institute
/ nst tju t/
n. （教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑
a mental institution 精神病院
an educational/financial institution 教育、金融机构
the institution of marriage 婚姻制度
单句语法填空
①The warming of the earth and the ___________(consequence) climatic changes affect us all.
②As __ consequence of /____consequence of his bad behaviour, he was dismissed.
③My car broke down and ____________(consequent) I was late.
22. consequence
/ k ns kw ns /
n. 结果; 后果
consequent
a
In
consequently
(1)as a consequence / in consequence 因此；结果
as a consequence of / in consequence of 由于；因为……的缘故
of no / little consequence 不重要的；无足轻重的
(2)consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的
(3)consequently adv.所以；因此；结果
语境辨义
When she graduated，she took up journalism.________________
Writing the paper took up most of the weekend.________________
He takes up a pen and writes down his name.________________
Let’s take up the text where we stopped yesterday._____________
开始从事
占据
拿起
继续某事
23. take up 拿起；开始从事/担当；占据(时间或空间)；接受；继续
I couldn’t _________ his story at all.
我一直也不理解他的故事。
Some insects_______ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.
一些昆虫呈现它周围环境的颜色来保护自己。
The plane will _________ once the fog has lifted.
等雾一消散，飞机便起飞。
take 的常用短语：
take in 收留；吸收；领会，理解；欺骗
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take off (飞机等)起飞；脱下；突然成功/腾飞；(突然)离开；休假
take over 接管
take on
take off
take in
24. encounter
/ n ka nt (r) /
vt. 偶然碰到; 遇到 n. 邂逅; 遭遇
encounter problems/difficulties 遇到问题/困难
encounter opposition/resistance 遇到反对/抵抗
a close encounter with... 近距离接触……
have an encounter with... 与……相遇
注：表示“偶然碰到，碰见”的短语还有: come across， run across， run into
25. remarkable
/ r mɑ k bl /
adv. 非凡的;显著的
同义词：outstanding，extraordinary
be remarkable for 以……著称
remarkably adv. 非常；极为；格外；出乎意料地
remark n.谈论；言论；评述 v. 谈论；评论；说起
make a remark / remarks on/upon... 对……发表意见
remark on/upon... 谈论/评论……
(1) sum up 总结；概括
to sum up 总之，总的来说(常位于句首)
(2) in sum 总之，总而言之
a large sum of… 一大笔……
the sum of... ……的金额；……的总和
(3) summary n. 总结；概要 summarize vt. 总结；概括；概述
26. sum
/ s m /
v. 总结; 概括 n.金额; 款项; 总数; 总和
She has donated a large sum of money to the hospitals.
她已经向这些医院捐出一大笔善款。
To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.
Part 02
Sentence patterns
upon/on doing... 当……时；一……就……
表示“一……就……”的结构有：
(1)as soon as
(2) 名词作连词、后跟句子 the moment/minute/instant/second+句子
(3)副词用作连词，后跟句子immediately/instantly/directly+句子
(4)Hardly/scarely…when…/ no sooner….than…
(注意：当hardly, scarcely, no sooner than 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构，从句不用倒装)
翻译：我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。 (2021·1月浙江，读后续写)
① ，I sighed with relief. (as soon as)
② ，I sighed with relief.(the instant)
③ . I sighed with relief.(immediately)
④_________________________________________________________ I sighed with relief.(hardly...when...)
As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
The instant my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
Immediately my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
Hardly had my head been pulled out of the huge pumpkin when
让我非常惊讶的是，她一读那封信就哭了起来。
①Much to my surprise，she burst into tears _____ moment she read the letter.
②Much to my surprise，she burst into tears ________ she read the letter.
③Much to my surprise, ________ reading the letter，she burst out crying.
④Much to my surprise, ________ had she read the letter when she burst out crying.
the　
instantly　
on/upon　
hardly
It struck/strikes sb that…. 某人突然想到......
It occurred to me that we ought to make a new plan.
Then it struck him that his farm had much potential
and that the death of cow was a bit of luck.
【翻译】
某人突然想到......的其他表达方式：
sth occurs to sb/sth hits sb/sth strikes sb
It hits/strikes/occurs to sb that …
It hit/struck/occurred to sb that…
as though/if 仿佛；好像（从句内容与事实不符，则用虚拟语气）
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it？
He treats his elder sister as though she were a stranger.
【翻译】
as if/though
从句用一般过去时（与现在事实相反）
从句用过去完成时（过去事实相反）
从句用would/ could/ might do形式（与将来的事实相反）
主语＋be thought＋不定式 “某人、某物被认为...”
He is thought to be a learned and modest scholar.
A healthy life is usually thought to be related to the open countryside and home-grown food.
(1)sth./sb. is thought to do
不定式根据语境可用一般式、进行式或完成式。
(2) 这个句型可以转换为It is thought that... 据认为……, 常用于该句
型的过去分词还有said, believed, considered, hoped, reported等。
Practice!
①The old man is said ___________ (go)through varieties of sufferings during the war.
②Health is frequently thought ________ (be) associated with a balanced diet and plenty of exercise.
③______ is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.
to have gone
to be　
It
Part 03
Games
sum up
take up a position
come to power
flow chart
insist on
commit oneself to
sum up
wear and tear
总结；概括
担任；任职
掌权；上台
流程图
坚决要求
承诺；保证
总结；概括
磨损；损耗
担任；任职
总结；概况
承诺；保证
磨损；损耗
值班；值勤
坚决要求
掌权；上台
流程图
wear and tear
insist on
sum up
commit oneself to
flow chart
come to power
take up a position
担任；任职
总结；概况
承诺；保证
磨损；损耗
值班；值勤
坚决要求
掌权；上台
流程图
wear and tear
insist on
sum up
commit oneself to
flow chart
come to power
take up a position
担任；任职
总结；概况
承诺；保证
磨损；损耗
值班；值勤
坚决要求
掌权；上台
流程图
wear and tear
insist on
sum up
commit oneself to
flow chart
come to power
take up a position
担任；任职
总结；概况
承诺；保证
磨损；损耗
值班；值勤
坚决要求
掌权；上台
流程图
wear and tear
insist on
sum up
commit oneself to
flow chart
come to power
take up a position
担任；任职
总结；概况
承诺；保证
磨损；损耗
值班；值勤
坚决要求
掌权；上台
流程图
wear and tear
insist on
sum up
commit oneself to
flow chart
come to power
take up a position
担任；任职
总结；概况
承诺；保证
磨损；损耗
值班；值勤
坚决要求
掌权；上台
流程图
wear and tear
insist on
sum up
commit oneself to
flow chart
come to power
take up a position
担任；任职
总结；概况
承诺；保证
磨损；损耗
值班；值勤
坚决要求
掌权；上台
流程图
wear and tear
insist on
sum up
commit oneself to
flow chart
come to power
take up a position
Well done!
Congratulations!
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Unit 1
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