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(共26张PPT)
Science and Scientists
Unit1
Predicative Clause
表语从句
新人教版选择性必修 2
A severe cholera broke out in London.1. _________. Under the circumstances, John Snow’s determination was that he should find out the cause and defeat the disease once and for all. In order to find out the cause, he was faced with two apparently contradictory theories. 2._____________. After marking, his finding was that multiple deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street.3.__________. To make further investigation, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could be used. 4.______________. Then, what he concluded was that there was a link between the pump and the Broad Street outbreak. He urged people to drink salty water or boiled water. Soon, where the cholera broke out saw a substantial decrease in cholera cases. Thanks to his solid work, people were able to defeat cholera. Besides, his use of maps and statistics transformed the thinking of the scientific world towards infectious disease. 5._____________.
A.This is why he is considered “Father of Modern Epidemiology(流行病学)”.B.Whether the water pump was to blame was what he needed to investigate. C.It seemed as if the outbreak cast a shadow over Londoners’ life.D.Marking on a map where the victims lived was how he tested the theories about the possible cause.E.Through this intervention, what surprised him was that the disease was immediately under control.
C
D
B
E
A
Lead in
Review the story of “how John Snow defeats King Cholera”
1.It seemed as if the outbreak cast a shadow over Londoners’ life.
2.Marking on a map where the victims lived was how he tested the theories about the possible cause.
3.Whether the water pump was to blame was what he needed to investigate.
4.Through this intervention, what surprised him was that the disease was immediately under control.
5.Then, what he concluded was that there was a link between the pump and the Broad Street outbreak.
6. This is why he is considered “Father of Modern Epidemiology(流行病学)”.
Observe
Judge the types of clauses
表语从句:在复合句中充当表语的从句。位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明。
be look grow turn out seem sound appear become prove smell taste turn feel get remain stay go keep
1.状态类:__________________________
2.变化类:__________________________
3.感官类:__________________________
4.“似乎”类:__________________________
5.“证明”类:__________________________
6.“保持”类:___________________________
系动词分类
be
grow; become;turn;get;go
look;sound;smell;taste;feel
seem;appear
turn out;prove
remain;keep;stay
1.What John Snow showed to the world was ____ .
cholera could be overcome
how 意思为“如何”，在表语从句中充当状语
3.Snow’s discovery in two particular streets in London was _____
the cholera outbreak was so
2.What Snow was determined to find out was _____ the outbreak of cholera had caused
over 500 deaths within ten days.
4.The exact places Snow marked on the map were _____
all those who died had lived
5. Snow’s finding was _____
the pump water carried cholera germs
severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
how
why
that
where
that
why 意思为“...的原因”，在表语从句中充当状语
that 无意义，不充当成分，起连接作用，不可省略
where 意思为“...的地点“，在表语从句中充当状语
Inquire
Fill in the appropriate conjunctions
无意义，不充当成分，起连接作用，不可省略
引导词 用法
从属连词 that 在从句中不充当成分，无意义
whether 在从句中不充当成分，意为“是否”
连接代词 what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever), whose 在从句中充当主语，宾语，定语
连接副词 how,when,where,why 在从句中充当状语,本身词义
其它连词 because, as if, as though 在从句中不充当成分，意为“因为，好像，似乎”
Conclude
Summarize the conjunctions
Practice
Fill in each blank with appropriate conjunctions and add a title（p.10）
Science is simply __________ you can do. And doing science makes you a scientist! So, what do scientists do Actually, what matters is not only ________ they observe in the world around them and what questions they ask, but also _______ they use evidence or data to answer the questions. They identify useful data and take new measurements.
what
what
how
Practice
Fill in each blank with appropriate conjunctions and add a title（p.10）
Some of the key issues that scientists face are ______ calculations they do and _________ they analyse their data to draw conclusions about the questions they ask. The final issue, which many believe to be the most important, is _______ they need to communicate their results. This is _________they want everyone to benefit from their work! It seems _________ science is all around us. You see, by doing science, scientists get a better understanding of the world around them and share that understanding with the whole world.
what
how
why
because
that/as if
What do scientist do
Attention!
1、表语从句一定是陈述语序。
The question is when will he come.
The question is when he will come.
The question is whether is the enemy marching towards us.
The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
It looked as if had he understood this question.
Inquire
Judge whether the sentences are true or not
The question is if he has passed the test.
The question is whether he has passed the test.
2、if可以引导宾语从句，但是不能引导表语从句，引导表语 从句表达“是否”只能用whether：
3、主句时态和表语从句时态可以不一致。
The question is who will company me to Paris.
The question is why he was absent.
What I said was that I would give him a better one.
4、that 引导表语从句时，和宾语从句不同，that 不可省略。
The problem is millions of people died of illnesses caused by smoking.
The boy believes he will travel through space to other planets.
David is talking to Maria about their scientific research project. First complete David’s lines (A–E), using the words in the box.（p.5）
as if that what who when how
why whose which whether
A. Absolutely. You may not believe it, but that was ______ happened at the initial stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
B. Yes, it is. And it seemed _____ all the theories were useful, but the fact was _____ we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
what
as if
that
Practice
C. Exactly. The problem was not about _________ all our
theories were equally good, but in deciding ________
____________ theory to depend upon.
D. We realised that what we cared about was not
____________ aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather ____ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
E. You’re right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was ____ we had to carry out the research in the first place.
whether
which
/what /whose
which / what
how
why
Objective Clause
as if that what who when how
why whose which whether
Now put David’s lines in the correct order and practise the conversation.
A. Absolutely. You may not believe it, but that was what happened at the initial stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
B. Yes, it is. And it seemed as if all the theories were useful, but the fact was that we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
C. Exactly. The problem was not about whether all our theories were equally good, but in deciding which/what/whose theory to depend upon.
D. We realised that what we cared about was not which/what aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather how we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
E. You’re right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was why we had to carry out the research in the first place.
对话语篇常见的衔接手段：
逻辑纽带
语法纽带
词汇纽带
Maria: This mix of theory and data is one of the key
characteristics of what we call science.
David:
Maria: With your theoretical framework
David:
Maria: Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.
David:
Absolutely. You may not believe it, but that was what happened at the initial stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
Exactly. The problem was not about whether all our theories were equally good, but in deciding which/what/whose theory to depend upon.
Yes, it is. And it seemed as if all the theories were useful, but the fact was that we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
Maria: This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.
David:
Maria: So what happened in the end
David:
You’re right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was why we had to carry out the research in the first place.
We realised that what we cared about was not which/what aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather how we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
Think and write
What do you think a great scientist needs most
Apply
theoretical background
professional knowledgeleadershipimaginationdeterminationlogical reasoningresearch methods
talent
devotion
creativity
inspiration
statistical ability
..........
What a great scientist needs most is that …because....
What makes a scientist great … is that …because...
It is important that …
Homework
Textbook p.62 Using Structure ①②
Research is ___________ I'm doing when I don't know what I'm doing.
— Werner von Braun沃纳·冯·布劳恩
2. The saddest aspect of life right now is _________ science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.
— Isaac Asimov艾萨克·阿西莫夫
3. An expert is someone ____________ has made all the mistakes that can be made in a very narrow field.
— Niels Bohr 尼尔斯·玻尔
what
that
whoever
Homework
Textbook p.62 Using Structure ①②
4....when different experiments give you the same result, it is no longer subject to your opinion. That's the good thing about science: it's true whether or not you believe in it.That's _________ it works:
— Neil deGrasse Tyson尼尔·德格拉斯·泰森
5.This applied science, which saves work and makes life easier, brings us little happiness.That is __________ we have not yet learnt to make sensible use of it.
— Albert Einstein阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
6.There are only two ways to live your life. One is ____________ nothing is a miracle. The other is ____________ everything is a miracle.
— Albert Einstein阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
why
because
as though
as though
Homework
Textbook p.62 Using Structure ①②
A: Papermaking, printing, gunpowder, and the compass are the four great inventions of ancient China. They are significant contributions of the Chinese nation to the world.
(造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针是古代中国所拥有的四大发明。这些发明是中华民族对世界作出的重大贡献。)
B: Sure, they are. What I want to know is _____________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
which one is the greatest invention.
how these inventions have changed China and the world.
why they had such a great impact on human history.
Homework
Textbook p.62 Using Structure ①②
A: The ancient Chinese were the first to invent paper and printing. Then they went on to invent books and had opened bookshops in many cities.
(古代中国人是最早发明纸张和印刷术的民族。随后他们又发明了书籍，并在许多城市开设了书店。)
B: What I'm curious about is _______________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
who invented paper.
how people made the first paper.
why ink was invented.
Homework
Textbook p.62 Using Structure ①②
A: The compass is a special invention of ancient China, dating back to as early as the Warring States Period.
(指南针是古代中国的一项特殊发明，其历史可以追溯到战国时期。)
B: Yes, it seems _____________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
that the compass was particularly useful.
as if people had to depend on the position of the sun, the moon and so on.
Homework
Textbook p.62 Using Structure ①②
A: Gunpowder was originally used for making fireworks.
(火药最初是用于制造烟花的。)
B: But what surprises me is _____________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
that gunpowder was not used initially for firearms.
how it it so unexpectedly used today.
that it has been generally used not only in industries but in Wars across the world.
Homework
Textbook p.62 Using Structure ①②
A: After the discovery of medicine, acupuncture was invented in China. Acupuncture is a treatment which doesn't involve any drugs. Very thin needles are put in certain parts of a person's body.
(在医学出现之后，针灸技术便在中国诞生了。针灸是一种不使用药物的治疗方法。非常细的针会被插入人体的特定部位。。)
B: Really What puzzles me is ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
who first started this practice.
for whom this practice was first done
why anyone would stick a needle in their body, even to become well.
Homework
Textbook p.62 Using Structure ①②
A: High-speed trains, mobile payments, the bike-sharing system, and online shopping are considered by some as the new "four inventions" of China.
(高速列车、移动支付、共享单车系统以及网上购物，被一些人视为中国的新“四大发明”。)
B: Is that so I feel/It seems_______________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
as if I could not live without them, especially when it comes to online shopping.
that these inventions have really made our lives easier.
that every Chinese is proud of the new “four inventions”.
Thank you!
新人教版选择性必修 2

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