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专题二 词汇
CONTENT
目录
考纲要求
01
知识精讲
02
综合训练
03
考纲要求
01
考纲要求
掌握《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版)附录5收录的约2490个词汇,包含九年义务教育阶段和中等职业教育阶段基础模块、职业模块及拓展模块的词汇。能借助词典等资源,理解词汇在语篇中的意义;了解常见词根和词缀;掌握常见构词法,如合成法和派生法等;能利用所学词汇,就熟悉话题表达个人的交际需求。
考核目标与要求
01
考生应掌握九年义务教育阶段和中等职业教育阶段基础模块、职业模块及拓展模块的词汇;应通过学习词汇的用法,积累词块,借助构词法扩展词汇量,并在语言实践活动中有效运用所学词汇知识,发展词汇应用能力。
考试范围与要求
02
知识精讲
02
知识精讲
词汇是构成语言最基本的材料,在英语学习中词汇占据很重要的地位,英语交流也是通过词汇来实现的。学好词汇对理解阅读材料和写作均有益处。学业水平考试的重点是掌握单词或词组的特定含义并能在实际语境中应用。在英语学习中除了重视提高记忆和使用英语词汇及词组的能力外,还应该注意以下几点。
1.学习单词时,搭配其短语一起学。
4.注意总结归纳和辨析易混单词,准确掌握每个词汇的含义。
3.掌握常见的构词法,熟知英语中常见的词根或词缀,有助于记忆单词。
2.学会在语境中理解单词或词组的含义,大胆猜测单词的意思。
知识精讲
知识点一 派生法
一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原词意义相近或截然相反的新词,这个新词叫派生词,这种构词法叫派生法。
1.前缀
前缀一般改变单词的意义,但不改变单词的词性。例如:
前缀 含义 例词
a- 处在…… arise, aside, alone
auto- 自动的 automatic, automobile
anti- 反对,抵抗 antifreeze, antinuclear
bi- 两个 bicycle, biennial, bilingual
co- 共同 co-worker, cooperate, co-exist, co-education
知识精讲
前缀 含义 例词
de- 向相反方向发展 Decentralize (分散), defrost (解冻)
dis- 不,否定 disbelieve, disagree, dishonest, disappear, disorder
en- 使可能 enrich, enable, enlarge, encourage
ex- 以前的 ex-husband, ex-president
in- 不,非 inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect, inaccurate
im- impossible, imbalance, impersonal, impolite, impractical
ir- irregular, irresponsible
il- illogical, illegal
inter- 相互,之间 international, interact
kilo- 千 kilometer, kilogram
知识精讲
前缀 含义 例词
micro- 极小的,微小的 microwave, microcomputer
mis- 错误的,坏的 misbehave, mislead, mistake, misunderstand, misfortune
multi- 多,多种 multiply, multinational, multicolor, multicultural
non- 不,非 non-existent, non-smoker, non-stop
over- 太多,过分 overwork, overdo, overestimate
re- 重复,再 rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle, rethink, retell
self- 自己,本身 self-centered, self-confident, self-control
semi- 半 semifinal, semicircle, semi-automatic
sub- 下,次 subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subway
super- 在上面,超级 supermarket, superpower
知识精讲
前缀 含义 例词
tele- 远程的 telephone, telegraph, telescope
trans- 过,穿过,变 transformation(变形), translate
tri 三个 triangle(三角形), tricycle(三轮脚踏车), triplets(三胞胎)
un- 不,表相反意义 unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair, unclose, undress, uncover, untie
under- 在……之下 underline, underestimate, underground
vice- 副 vice-premier, vice-president
知识精讲
知识点一 派生法
2.后缀
后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近但词性不同的新词;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原词词义相反的新词。
形容词后缀 含义 例词
-able 可……的,具有……的 reasonable, knowledgeable, believable, comfortable, forgettable, acceptable
-al 与……有关的 physical, magical, political, central, industrial, national, natural
-an 属于某地方的人 European, American, Australian, African
-ern 方向 eastern, northern, southern
-ful 有……的 helpful, careful, cheerful, grateful, faithful, useful
（1）形容词后缀
知识精讲
形容词后缀 含义 例词
-ive 有……倾向的 attractive, expensive, destructive, collective, active, creative, effective
-y 表天气,状态 noisy, dusty, thirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny
-less 没有……的 careless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless
-en 由……制成的 golden, wooden, woolen
-ous 有……(性质)的 dangerous, poisonous, courageous, famous, continuous, serious, various
-some 引起……的 troublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome
-like 像……的 childlike, womanlike, manlike
-ant 有……(性质)的 ignorant, significant, observant, important
-ent 有……(性质)的 diligent, silent, excellent, frequent
知识精讲
形容词后缀 含义 例词
-ly 以……方式;有……性质的 lively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly
-ish 像……似的,有……性质的 childish, foolish, selfish
(2)名词后缀
名词后缀 含义 例词
-ence 性质,状态 difference
-er/-or ……的人(或物) writer, farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
-ese 某国(人)的 Chinese, Japanese
-ess 女性,雌性 hostess, actress, princess
知识精讲
名词后缀 含义 例词
-ian 某国、某地人; 精通……的人 musician, Asian, Russian, technician
-ist 专业人员 physicist, scientist, communist, socialist
-ment 行为,状态 government, movement, achievement
-ness 性质,状态 illness, sadness, carelessness
-tion 动作,状态,结果 invention, organization, translation
-th 性质,情况 depth, warmth, truth
-ful (满的)量 handful, spoonful, mouthful
-(a)bility 抽象,性质,状态 possibility, disability, reliability
知识精讲
名词后缀 含义 例词
-y 性质,情况 modesty, delivery, honesty
-dom 处于……状态;性质 freedom, boredom
-age 状态,行为,身份,结果 courage, storage, marriage
(3)副词后缀
副词后缀 含义 例词
-ward(s) 向…… upwards, forward, northward(s), backwards, downwards
-ly 方式,程度 slowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily
知识精讲
动词后缀 含义 例词
-ize 使成为 apologize, specialize, realize, modernize, mechanize, criticize
-en 使……变得 widen, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, shorten, deepen
-fy/-ify 变为,……化 simplify, beautify, terrify, purify
(5)数词后缀
数词后缀 含义 例词
-teen 十几 fourteen, eighteen, thirteen, fifteen, nineteen
-ty 整十位数 forty, fifty, sixty, ninety
-th 序数词 fourth, twelfth, twentieth
(4)动词后缀
知识精讲
知识点二 合成法
由两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,这种构词法叫作合成法,合成的词叫作合成词。合成词一般看其词知其意。
构成方式 例词
n.+n. horseback, banknote, newspaper, cellphone
adj.+n. backyard, forehead, greenhouse, highway
v.+n.;n.+v. typewriter, pickpocket, daybreak
adv.+n. overcoat, outside
v.-ing+n.;n.+v.-ing living room, freezing point, handwriting
1.合成名词
知识精讲
构成方式 例词
v.+adv.;adv.+v. breakthrough, outbreak, outcome, overflow
n.+prep.+n. sister-in-law, editor-in-chief
2.合成形容词
构成方式 例词
adj.+adj. red-hot
adj.+n.;n.+adj. first-class,full-time,part-time,world-famous,day-long
adj.+v.-ing good-looking,free-thinking,easy-going
adj.+v.-ed ready-made
adj.+n.-ed good-tempered,high-heeled,cold-blooded,warm-hearted,absent-minded
知识精讲
构成方式 例词
n.+n.-ed iron-willed
n.+to+n. face-to-face,door-to-door
n.+v.-ing beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting, peace-loving, English-speaking
n.+v.-ed man-made, water-covered, sun-burnt
adv.+adj. ever-green, over-anxious
adv.+v.-ing hard-working, far-seeing, far-reaching
adv.+v.-ed well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known, well-informed, widespread
num.+n. five-year, one-way, five-star
num.+n.+adj. five-year-old, 800-meter-long
num.+n.-ed four-legged, six-storied
知识精讲
构成方式 例词
n.+v. daydream, babysit, sleepwalk
adv.+v. overcome, upturn, outnumber, underestimate, overwork
adj.+v. whitewash
4.合成副词
构成方式 例词
adj.+n. meanwhile
adj.+adv. everywhere, nowhere
adv.+adv. however, wherever, whenever
prep.+n. beforehand, overhead
prep.+adv. forever
3.合成动词
知识精讲
构成方式 例词
pron.+self/selves herself, themselves, myself, yourselves
adj.+n. anything, nothing, nobody, something
pron.+adv. whoever, whatever
6.合成介词
构成方式 例词
adv.+n. inside, outside
prep.+adv.;adv.+prep. without, within, into
5.合成代词
综合训练
1. She offered some useful advice.
A. 建议 B. 通知 C. 通告
2. What a brave boy he is!
A. 可爱的 B. 勇敢的 C. 聪明的
3. We plan to call on our teacher this Sunday.
A. 参观 B. 联系 C. 拜访
4. Tom wants to become a famous writer.
A. 熟悉的 B. 著名的 C. 满意的
5. This factory produces many kinds of cars.
A. 生产 B. 销售 C. 出口
综合训练
6. They seldom watch television these days.
A. 经常 B. 几乎不 C. 从不
7. There is something important to tell you.
A. 匆忙的 B. 紧急的 C. 重要的
8. The man died when he was struck by lightning.
A. 光线 B. 闪电 C. 雷声
9. Don’t worry about me.I can take care of myself.
A. 担心 B. 害怕 C. 介意
10. He helps me repair the bike.
A. 要求 B. 修理 C. 购买
谢谢聆听

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