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主谓一致
Subject-Verb Agreement
Learning aims:
State the basic rule of subject-verb agreement
Apply specific agreement rules for challenging subjects (e.g., collective nouns, indefinite pronouns, expressions of quantity, either...or).
高考早知道
近年高考真题对谓语动词的考查是结合时态、语态和主谓一致综合进行的考查。近年对时态、语态和主谓一致的考查比较稳定，但又稳中求变，注重在复杂语境中考查句子的语态，且长句有增加的趋势。在解答涉及动词题时，需要考虑全面，不能单纯的考虑某一个语法现象，而需要考虑语境整体时态、语态和主谓一致的综合运用。
什么是主谓一致？
1.We ____ students .
2.He ____ a student .
3.There ____somes students in the classroom .
are
is
are
主谓一致是指谓语动词在语法形式或意义上与主语保持人称和数的一致关系，是英语语法的核心规则之一，其基本原则包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
1.语法一致原则 ：谓语动词的形式严格依据主语的语法标记（单数或复数）决定。例如，单数主语用单数动词（如"He runs"），复数主语用复数动词（如"They run"）。
2.意义一致原则 ：谓语动词的选择取决于主语的实际意义而非表面形式。例如，集体名词"family"表示整体时用单数动词（"The family is united"），强调成员时用复数动词（"The family are arguing"）。
3.就近一致原则 ：当主语由多个成分组成时，谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的主语部分一致。例如，"Neither the teacher nor the students are present"中，动词与复数主语"students"保持一致。
主谓一致（Subject-Verb Concord）这一规则基于三个核心原则：
一.语法一致原则详解--
1.单数主语 ：包括第三人称单数代词（he/she/it）、不可数名词或单数形式名词，谓语动词用单数。例如："The book is on the table"。
2.复数主语 ：明确复数形式的名词或代词，谓语动词用复数。例如："The books are on the shelf"。
特殊主语处理 ：
①不定代词（如everyone、something）作主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如："Everyone has arrived"。
②动名词或不定式短语作主语时，视为单数，例如："Reading books is beneficial"。
③“a number of＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名 词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
主单谓单；主复谓复
Task1:
1.People often feel they _________(be) too busy to volunteer.
2.His glasses ________(be) unclear，so he can’t see well.
3.The famous musician ____________ (be) invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taibei Flower Expo（展览会）.
4.The poet and the writer _________ (have/has) come.
5.The poet and writer, Li Ming ,_________ (have/has) come.
are
were
was
have
has
解：1. and 连接的两个名词，指同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数，此时and 的后面的名词前面没有冠词 2.连接的名词表示不同的事物,谓语动词用复数. （由此可知有时主语在形式上为单数，但意义上却为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）
意义一致强调主语的实际含义而非形式，常见于以下场景：
1.集体名词 ：集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。如"team"、"government"，若指整体用单数动词（"The team wins"），若指个体成员用复数动词（"The team are arguing"）。
2.表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，应视为一个整体概念，谓语动词使用单数形式。
Three thousand miles is a long distance.
Seven days is enough for completing this task.
3.地理名称（如the United States）作单一实体时用单数，群岛或山脉（如the West Indies）用复数。
二.意义一致原则详解
4.单复数同形的名词，如：deer， sheep， fish， means， works， Chinese等作主语时，要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
eg: All means have been tried.
Every means has been tried.。
5.“the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如the rich，the poor， the disabled，等。
The wounded have been cured and the lost have been found.
6.以-s结尾的名词 ：疾病名称（如diabetes）或学科名称（如physics）作主语时，谓语用单数，例如："Mathematics is difficult"。
二.意义一致原则详解
7.分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致.plenty of, most of, some of, 等+名词等＋主语，谓语动词的单复数形式应与of后的名词一致。
eg: 1.The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was very boring. 2.About one third of the books are worth reading.
8.定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
例1.Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study.
例2.Russia is upgrading its northern fleet, which includes 18 icebreakers. 俄罗斯正在升级它的北海舰队，准备增加18艘破冰船。
二.意义一致原则详解
Task2:
1.The injured _______(be) saved after the fire.
2.The old________ (be) well taken care of in our country.
3.Half of the water _______ (be) drunk by Jack.
4.Nearly 60 percent of the students in our class___( be) boys.
5.Twenty years ____ (be) only a short time in human history.
6.Ten dollars ______(be) enough to buy a notebook.
7.Each of the participants ________ (have/has)played a role.
8．Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who _______(wear) evening dress.
9.Many a young man __________(speak) highly of this show.
were
are
is
are
is
is
has
wears
speaks
若主语中有more than one 或many a/an（许多） 后接名词单数谓语动词用单数.
A or B
either A or B
neither A nor B
Not only A but also B
not A but B
Verb
谓语与最靠近的主语保持一致
There/here be +A and B
三. 就近一致(Proximity principle): 谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定
There __________ (be ) a captain and three members in a team.
Not only my parents but also I________ (be ) fond of the show.
is
am
补充： 就远原则 : 谓语动词的人称和数由离他最远的主语决定
四个“和”
with
together with
along with
as well as
五个“除”
but
except
besides
apart from
in addition
一个“包括”
including
一个“不是 ”
谓语与最远的主语保持一致
rather than
The son as well as his parents ____________(want) to watch the film .
Everyone except you __________(clean) the classroom.
wants
cleans
拓展
what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，但所指的具体内容如果是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。
例1.What we need is a clean and peaceful world. 我们需要的是一个干净和平的世界。
例2.What I have are nothing but two hands and a willing mind. 我所有的只是双手和决心。
真题lianjie
1.(2024全国甲卷)They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
2.(2024新课标II卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion 《牡丹亭》is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.
3.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, _________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
were
were
was built
真题lianjie
4.(2025年全国高考一卷)“The players’ personalities _________ __(reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ___________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side.”
5.(2025年全国高考二卷)The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ___________ (be) one of them.
are revealed
tries
is
summary:
1.解题时，要仔细分析句子成分，找出句子的主语和谓语动词。
2.判断主语的单复数形式，从而确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
3.主谓一致的考点常常结合时态和语态一起考查。
thank you

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