资源简介

(共23张PPT)
高中英语听力渐进式听力训练法
专题08
主旨大意类
目 录
01
03
02
04
解题指导
各个击破
真题演练
技巧提点
01 解题指导
考点应对技巧
1) 从整体的角度抓住中心词，记住说话人加重语气所强调的人、事物以及概念；说话人不止一次提到的内容。
2) 标出题干和选项中的重点词汇，特别是选项中具有区分性的词汇，把注意力集中在有较大差异的部分。对材料整体内容进行预测。
3)此类题型主要情况：一是几个选项都在听力原文中出现，要求考生辨别哪个是中心词，反复讨论的对象。二是几个选项都没有在听力原文中出现，这时要求考生对所听内容进行归纳、概括，得出正确答案。
常见的设问方式
What are the speakers talking about
What’s the passage mainly about
What’s the topic of the passage
What is the main idea from this conversation
What happened to the man
主要问对话谈论的主题。特点是对话双方就一件事进行探讨。要求学生注意对话的完整性，在答题时把双方的内容联系起来考虑，概括出对话的要点。应对该种类型的题目，必须具有较强的语篇理解、概括能力。要求学生首先听懂整段对话的大体含义，结合内容及所给选项做出判断。领略主旨大意，概括话题内容。这类试题要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，抓住说话者究竟在说什么，然后进行归纳、概括。
1、解题指导
01 解题指导
What are the speakers talking about
A new office.
A change of their jobs.
A former colleague.
M: Lisa, I saw Jack this morning.
W: You mean the former designer of our company What’s he doing these days
M: He said he’s got a new job as an art reporter.
例题分析
例题：(2023年6月高考英语全国甲（乙）卷试题 Text 4)
本题关键信息：
B选项张冠李戴，将Jack所做的事放在了说话者身上；
与A选项有关的词“company”虽然在原文中出现，但需从整体上把握说话者双方讨论的内容，该对话主要谈论的是他们的一位前同事Jack在离开公司后的近况，故答案为C。
解题技巧：首先听完整对话内容；再从整体上体会主旨大意，抓住关键词。不应纠缠在某一处上，避免造成以偏概全。
01 解题指导
一、注意开头句
开头句往往是一段材料的主题句，起着引领全文的作用。即使不是主题句，也对理解全文有着重要意义。
【例】 2016全国 Ⅰ
What are the speakers talking about
A. Having a birthday party.
B. Getting Lydia a gift.
C. Doing some exercise.
【例】 2016全国 Ⅰ
What are the speakers talking about
A. Having a birthday party.
B. Getting Lydia a gift.
C. Doing some exercise.
W: What are we going to get for Lydia’s birthday
M: How about a pair of running shoes
W: You know she hates doing exercise.
M: Then I guess we can buy her a birthday cake.
主题句
01 解题指导
二、通过话题词汇推测主旨
有的材料中对话双方都没有点明谈论的事物，需要我们根据对话中的话题词汇来判断。
【例】2018年11月浙江
What are the speakers talking about
A. A travel plan.
B. An exam result.
C. A sports game.
【例】2018年11月浙江
What are the speakers talking about
A. A travel plan.
B. An exam result.
C. A sports game.
【录音原文】
W: What’s the score now
M: It’s 3-2 at the moment in England’s favor. But Spain seems to be taking the upper hand on the field.
01 解题指导
三、学会归纳总结
材料中没有明显主题句，需要在理解全文的基础上进行归纳总结，明确对话双方谈论的主线，不要被细枝末节所影响。
【例】2021新高考
What are the speakers talking about
A. How to fry fish.
B. How to make coffee.
C. How to remove a bad smell.
【例】2021新高考
What are the speakers talking about
A. How to fry fish.
B. How to make coffee.
C. How to remove a bad smell.
【录音原文】
M: We deep-fried fish three days ago in the kitchen but
the unpleasant smell stays.
W: There is a method you can try. Every time you make
coffee, dry the leftover coffee grounds and keep them
in small bowls, then place the bowls in the kitchen.
02 各个击破
核心考点 1：主旨归纳（Main Idea）
主旨归纳（Main Idea）
“Hi everyone, today I want to talk about urban gardening. First, it helps reduce food miles since you grow vegetables at home. Second, it improves air quality by adding more plants to the city. Third, it’s a great way to connect with neighbors—many communities share gardening tools and harvests. So, urban gardening isn’t just about growing food; it’s about building healthier, more connected cities.”
定位信号词：材料开头 “today I want to talk about urban gardening” 点明话题，结尾 “So, urban gardening... ” 总结核心 ——“不只是种植食物，更是建设更健康、更紧密的城市”，隐含 “益处”。
题目1：What is the main idea of the talk
A. How to grow vegetables in cities
B. The benefits of urban gardening
C. Ways to connect with neighbors
02 各个击破
核心考点 2：话题判断（Topic）
话题判断（Topic）
M: Have you seen the new schedule The math class is moved to 2 PM on Tuesdays.
W: Oh, that’s good. I used to have a conflict with my biology lab.
M: Yeah, and the final exam will be on the last Friday of the semester, not the Thursday.
W: Thanks for telling me. I need to adjust my study plan.
抓核心名词：对话中反复出现 “schedule”“math class... moved”“final exam... on the last Friday”，均围绕 “课程安排” 展开。
02 各个击破
核心考点 3：目的 / 意图推断（Purpose）
目的 / 意图推断（Purpose）
“Attention all passengers. The 3:15 train to London has been delayed due to mechanical issues. We apologize for the inconvenience. Please wait in the main hall, and we’ll announce updates every 15 minutes. Refreshments will be available at the café with a 20% discount for affected passengers.”
结合场景与语气：开头 “Attention all passengers” 表明是广播通知，语气正式，目的是传递信息。
03 真题演练
What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. An old friend.
B. A terrible car.
C. A football team.
What does John Henderson look like
A. He has thick black hair.
B. He has lines on his face.
C. He is a little bit thin.
Why did John Henderson come back
A. To get his old car.
B. To visit his mother.
C. To watch a match.
What do we know about John Henderson
A. He had bought a new Ford car.
B. He had worked abroad for ten years.
C. He and the man had been football
teammates.
03 真题演练
【录音原文】
Text 9（第 13 题为主旨要义题）
M: Liza, darling, you’ll never guess who I ran into the other day.
W: Who
M: John Henderson.
W: John Henderson
M: You remember John Henderson Yeah, I haven’t seen him for...God knows, it must be about ten years, isn’t it He lives overseas now. And he’s just back to visit his mother here, and...er...well, he looked the same as ever, you know. He doesn’t seem to change but his hair is a bit thinner and he’s got a few more lines on his face. And he’s got a bit more money.
W: Ah, has he
M: Yeah. Well, we talked about the old days. You know, how...oh... we were in the same football team and he sold a terrible old Ford car which kept breaking down.
W: Oh, I remember that.
重点语块
run into sb. 偶然遇见某人
line n. 皱纹（此处为熟词新义）
03 真题演练
W: We really need to move, Steve. So many cars go by every day and no sun comes through the windows.
M: Yeah, this house is kind of old. What do you have in mind
W: Maybe we should have a look in the suburbs.
主旨大意题。女士表示想要搬家，原因是每天有很多汽车经过，并且没有阳光从窗户照进来。
3. What are the speakers talking about
A. Buying a car. B. Moving house. C. Fixing the window.
(2025年新高考Ⅰ卷)
03 真题演练
W: We really need to move, Steve. So many cars go by every day and no sun comes through the windows.
M: Yeah, this house is kind of old. What do you have in mind
W: Maybe we should have a look in the suburbs.
主旨大意题。女士表示想要搬家，原因是每天有很多汽车经过，并且没有阳光从窗户照进来。
3. What are the speakers talking about
A. Buying a car. B. Moving house. C. Fixing the window.
03 真题演练
W: There’s nothing decent to watch these days on TV.
M: Nothing decent There’s tons of stuff.
W: (11)They’ve cut down on the number of news programs, and the number of documentaries. All have been replaced by these stupid reality shows and game shows, you know.
M: (12)Well, they often make me laugh. People want to watch that kind of thing. It’s good, you know. As long as there’s a balance, there’s a bit of this, a bit of that.
(2025年新高考Ⅰ卷)
根据女士的话“They’ve cut down on the number of news programs, and the number of documentaries.”可知，他们减少了新闻节目和纪录片的数量。
11. What does the woman say about news programs
A. They are replaced by documentaries.
B. They have been reduced in number.
C. They focus on the life of celebrities.
体面的
03 真题演练
W: Tom, shall we invite the Smiths around for dinner this Sunday
M: Sure. But I need to pack for Monday’s business trip. What about Saturday
W: Okay.
(2024年全国新课标II)
主旨大意题。女士表示周日是否要邀请史密斯夫妇来吃晚餐，男士表示周日需要打包周一出差的行李。
3. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A:A weekend plan.
B:A wedding invitation.
C:A business deal.
03 真题演练
W: How do you like your school, Tom
M: Oh! I like it a lot. And I also like the area. The nearby recreation center is cool. Thank you, Mom.
W: What a relief that you’re happy with your new home.
(2024年全国甲卷)
主旨大意题。由最后一句女士所说的“真让人松了口气，你对新家很满意”得知，他们谈论的应该是搬家到了一个新地方。
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. Their move to a new place.
B. Tom’s friends at school.
C. A sports center.
03 真题演练
M: Lisa, I saw Jack this morning.
W: You mean the former designer of our company What’s he doing these days
M: He said he’s got a new job as an art reporter.
(2023年全国甲乙卷)
主旨大意题。女士表示看见了Jack，也就是公司的前任设计师，可知他们谈论的是他们之前的同事。
4.What are the speakers talking about
A. A new office.
B. A change of their jobs.
C.A former colleague.
04 技巧提点
区分 “整体概括” 与 “局部内容”
关注材料首尾句
梳理反复出现的关键词或话题
结合场景和说话人语气
识别功能性表达句型
长材料中若出现话题转折,判断主要话题。
Thank You

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