2026年译林版中考英语一轮复习同义词近义词辨析 part A

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2026年译林版中考英语一轮复习同义词近义词辨析 part A

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初中英语同义词近义词辨析 part A
A
1. a bit, a little
a bit 和 a little 在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级时,可以互换。表示“一点儿”的意思。如:
The speaker spoke up a bit/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly.
演讲者把嗓门提高一点,以便使别人听得更清楚。
In fact, the earth is actually a bit ( = a little) nearer to the sun during the winter.
事实上,冬天地球离太阳更近一点。
a bit 和 a little 在否定句中意思恰恰相反。not a bit 相当于 “not at all”(一点都不),not a little 相当于 “very (much)” 和 “extremely”。如:
He wasn’t a bit hungry. ( = He was not very hungry.) 他一点儿都不饿。
He wasn’t a little hungry. ( = He was very hungry.) 他饿极了。
注意:not a bit 可分开使用,而 not a little 不可分开。
a little 可直接作名词的定语,而 a bit 则要在后面加 of 构成短语才能作定语,二者都只能修饰不可数名词。如:
There’s only a little ( = a bit of) food left for lunch. 午餐只剩一点儿食品了。
说明:a bit of 的复数形式是 bits of, a little 不能变复数。如:
Besides this, he used part of an old army wireless set, and some bits of
wood.
除此之外,他还利用了一部分旧的军用无线电发报机的一部分部件和一些木片。
He took some paper and a few bits of wood and soon made a fire.
他取出一些报纸和一些木片很快地生着了一堆火。
Bits of glass were all over the floor. 玻璃碎片满地都是。
2. a couple, a pair
a couple (of) 主要用于表示人和动物。如:
a married couple 一对夫妇 a dancing couple 一对舞伴
a couple of rabbits 一对家兔 a couple of eggs 一两只鸡蛋
a couple of players 一对选手
注意:two couple of players, five couple of eggs, several couple of days 中的 couple 前虽有数词,但不加
a pair (of) 多指东西 (有时指夫妇), 这种东西由两部分组成, 分开则不能单独使用。如:
a pair of glasses 一副眼镜 a pair of trousers 一条长裤
注意:①以上短语中的名词受形容词修饰时,要注意形容词的位置。如:“一双新鞋子”,既可说:a pair of new shoes,也可说:a new pair of shoes,后一种说法更普遍,但后一种有时还表示“另一双鞋子”的意思。
② five pair of socks 和 five pairs of socks 均可使用。
in couples和in pairs都表示“成双地”、“双双”的意思。如:
They are practising spoken English in couples. 他们两人一组在练习英语口语。
Do the exercises in pairs. 两人一组做练习。
3. a friend of Tom, a friend of Tom’s
这两个短语译为汉语时都是“汤姆的朋友”,但在英语中使用时要注意其细微差别。试比较:
Mr Wang, a friend of my father, often goes to Shanghai.
王先生,我父亲的朋友,常去上海。(father后不加’s,只须便说明一下双方的关系是朋友。)
Mr Wang is a friend of my father’s. 王先生是我父亲的朋友。[father’s后可看作省去了 friends, 这里不说 a friend of my father, 而说 a friend of my father’s, 隐含“父亲有很多朋友, 他是其中之一”的意思。用于介绍人物之间关系的场合 (introduction), 感彩较浓。]
4. a kind of, kinds of, of a kind
(1)kind指品种,说“一种”事物常用a kind of作定语。a kind of animal一种动物,a kind of car一种小车。animal和car前不再有冠词。说“各种各样”用various kinds of animal, various kinds of animals, animals of various kinds均可。kind侧重指“品质、性质”。如:
She’s not the kind of woman to lie. 她不是说谎的人。
a kind of 常可表示不确定的“某种类似”的意思。如:
I received a gift. It was a kind of plate.
我收到一份礼物,是一种类似盘子的东西。
of a kind 作后置定语,意为“同一类的”、“完全相同的”。如:
They look alike, talk alike, even think alike—They’re two of a kind.
他们俩的外表、谈吐,甚至思想都很相似——他们完全是同一类
型的人。
5. a number of, the number of
a number of (= some), 修饰复数名词, 作定语。谓语用复数。如:
A number of people are standing outside the office. 办公室外面站着很多人。
注意:谓语用单数形式的情况也时有见到。如:A number of books is missing from the library. 图书馆里有一些书丢了。句中谓语用单数,可理解为把 a number of books 视为一个整体,指丢失的一批书。
a number of 的复数形式是 numbers of, 意为 “很多” 如:
Numbers of people came from all parts of the country to see the exhibition.
许许多多的人从全国各地前来参观展览。
the number of 中的 number 指 “总数量”, 与复数名词连用。如:
The number of people there is at least over 500. 那儿的人数至少超过 500。该句主语是 number, people 作 number 的后因置定语,因此谓语用单数 is。
6. a second, the second
英语序数词与汉语“第一、第二”相同,但用法要复杂一些。
(1)序数词用来表顺序,前面要加the。如:
the first lesson ( lesson one) 第一课, the third world 第三世界
Xiao Li is always the first to get to school. 小李总是第一个到校。
He came here for the second time. 他是第二次来这儿。
有时序数词前加不定冠词表示“再一、又一、另一”的意思。如:
He tried, but failed. He tried a second time and failed again. He tried a third time and succeeded at last.
他试了一下,结果失败了。他又试了一次,又失败了。他再试一次,终于成功了。
说明:这种“不定冠词 + 序数词”结构作定语时,意思的侧重点不在“顺序”而在强调“一而再,再而三”地“重复”。尽管这时的序数词仍能表示出动作重复的“次数”,但句子的重点不在“第几次”,而在“又、再”地接连“重复”。又如:
Shall I ask him a third time 还要问一次吗?(我已问过他两次)
We’ll have to do it a second time. 我们只好重做一次。
当然,这里所说的“重复”并不总是同一动作的反复进行。有时,它用来表示同类情况“接二连三地发生”。如:
Now tell me why you took a second arrow. 告诉我,你为何手里还拿着一支箭。(尽管句中的second表示出这是第二只箭,但全句强调的是“还拿着一支箭”,而不在于这支箭是第几支。)
如果把句子改为定冠词,意思就大相径庭了。请比较:
Now tell me why you took the second arrow.
告诉我,你为何手里拿着第二支箭。(改为定冠词后,句子则强调“顺序”,不再强调“还拿着一支”。)
不难看出,用 a second arrow 时,句子侧重“还拿着一支箭要干什么”,用 the second arrow 时,句子侧重“不拿第一支,不拿第三支,为何偏拿第二支呢?”
下面的句子可以更加明显地看出,这种“不定冠词 + 序数词”结构描写的重点不是“顺序”,而在于渲染同一情况接二连三地进行。再如:
A third bullet passed, and at almost the same moment the boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.
又一颗子弹飞了过来,差不多与此同时,只见男孩忽然从树上掉了下来。
7. about, on 表 “关于”
about侧重叙事,on侧重论述;about多用于个人事迹、故事内容、一般的书籍、讲话文章等较浅显的问题,on多用于比较重大的、涉及比较深广的诸如国际形势、政治、理论、学术报告、专著等方面的问题。如:
a book on the radio 关于无线电方面的专著
stories about Lei Feng 关于雷锋的故事
说明:①a book on the radio 中,若 on 改用 about 时,指一本关于无线电的科普故事书。
② story 后只能用 about,不能用 on。
about 常和 learn, teach, read, tell, know 等动词连用。如:
What do you know about it 对此你知道些什么?
Tell me all about him. 告诉我他的全部情况。
He talked a lot about his family. 他说了许多关于他家庭的事情。
注意:read, tell, know 等动词后也可用 of,但 about 指“细节情况”,of 指“粗略涉及”。如:He told of you at the meeting. 他在会上谈到你。若用 about 则是具体地讲了你的情况。
8. about, on, with 表 “手头、带在身边”
with 表 “随身带着” 时, 多指一般的东西。如:
I have no money with me. 我没带钱。
She always carries a handbag with her. 她总是带着一只手提袋。
说明:have,carry,take,bring等动词多和with来搭配使用。
on表“带着”时,指“在手头”。如:
Have you any money on you 带钱了吗?(有时也用 about 和 with)
(3)about常用于表示身边带着的“小物件”。如:
I have no change about me. 我没带零钱。
9. above, beyond
(1)beyond“在……那边”,指“在……较远的一边”。如:
What lies beyond the mountains 位于山那一边的是什么地方?
The mountains beyond were covered on snow. 远处的群山被积雪覆盖。
beyond 表时间,作 later than(晚于,越过)解。如:
She carried on teaching well beyond retirement age.
她已大大超过退休年龄还在进行教学工作。
beyond, above 均有“超出”的意思。above 表示高于一般标准之上,beyond 表示超出本身所能达到的能力。如:
This is beyond ( = above) my comprehension. 这真叫我不能理解。
The car is beyond repair. 这车坏得不能修了。(车本身已不具备修的价值了。)
Her skill as a musician is beyond praise.作为音乐家,她的演技极为高超,令人赞叹不已。(水平超出赞扬所能及的范围,令人叫绝。)
10. accident, incident
accident是“意外事件,偶发事件”,一般指不幸的事故,如车
祸、天灾之类。incident 多指较小的事件、小插曲或人生中所碰到的虽小但留下较深印象的平凡事情,也可以指外交、政治方面的重大事件。如:
He was killed in a motoring accident. 他在一起车祸中丧生。
He met with an accident on the way. 他在路上出了事。
frontier incident 边界事件
the Southern Anhui Incident 皖南事变
On my way home my father told me of an incident that took place on his first day at school in Mr Crossett’s class.
在回家的途中,父亲给我讲了他第一天上克罗塞特先生的课时发生的一件事。
11. across, through, over, past
across 表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的;through 则表示动作是在某一空间进行的;over 指从上方跨越而过;past 指从某物旁边经过。如:
It winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.
它(长城)从西向东,越过沙漠,跨过高山,穿过深谷,蜿蜒而行,最后直抵大海。
注意:past是介词,不可与动词pass相混。We walked past the hospital. = We passed by the hospital. 我们从医院旁边经过。
12. advice, advise, persuade, suggest
advice 是名词,与动词 advise 只有一个字母之差,不可相混。advice 不可数,不可说 an advice,应说 a piece of advice。
(2) advise
We advised an early start. 我们建议早点出发。I advise his starting at once. 我建议他马上开始。He advised waiting till proper time. 他劝告(我们)等到适当时机再行动。He often advised people to use their brains. 他常常劝人多用脑子。I advised that he (should) buy the book. 我建议他买这本书。
persuade 作“劝服”解,强调劝说“成功”。常用于下列句型:persuade sb. to do sth. 和 persuade sb. into doing sth. 如:
They persuaded her to take the TOEFL(托福)exam. 他们说服了她参加托福考试。How can I persuade him into accepting the invitation I tried to persuade him not to go to the cinema but he didn’t listen to me. 我试图说服他不要去看电影,但是她不听我劝告。此句不可用 persuaded 代替 tried to persuade. 因为并未“成功”,只是“试图”说服。Though the doctor advised his patient to give up smoking, yet he wasn’t able to persuade him to do so. 虽然医生建议病人戒烟,但是,他没有能够说服他这样做。
suggest 是及物动词,常作“提议、建议”讲。后接名词、动名词,含疑问词的不定式短语或从句,从句要用虚拟语气。但不能接不定式和复合宾语。如:
Did he suggest anything to the boss I suggested going home.
They have suggested (to me) that he (should) study medicine.
He didn’t suggest what to do. He didn’t suggest where I should (或 could) park my car.
注意:suggest后绝不能跟复合宾语。如:绝不可说He suggested her to take the money.应说成He suggested that she should take the money.或说成He suggested for/to her to take the money.其中,for或to不可省。
13. after, behind
after 表示位置时,一般指次序的先后,意思是“跟在……后面”、“次于”。如:Your name comes after mine in the list. 在名单上你的名字在我的后面。He goes to the room after his father. 他跟着他父亲走向房间。
behind 指物体静态位置的前后。如:There are many trees behind the house. 在房后有许多树。He stood behind the door. 他站在门后。
after 和 behind 往往通用。下列句子中的 after 也可换用 behind。Please shut the door after you. He came in after her.
说明:表时间时,behind指“耽误时间”、“过了时刻”、“落后时代”等。如:The train is ten minutes behind the time. 火车误点十分钟。
14. after, in, later
(1)after和in都可与终止性动词连用,可用于将来时,表示“在……时间之后”。in接时间段,after接时间点。Xiao Li, let’s hurry. The train will leave in five minutes. 小李,我们得赶紧,火车五分钟后就要开走。I am busy now. I will see you again after seven tonight. 我此刻很忙,今晚七点后我再见你。We will hold a class meeting after supper. 晚饭后我们将召开班会。
(2) later 即可用于将来时,又可用于过去时,与时间段连用,放在其后。也可单独使用。They finished their lessons at four and a little while later they went out to take a walk. 他们四点钟做完了功课,一会儿之后他们出去散步。I shall reach Shanghai on May 1, and about days later I shall leave for Hangzhou. 我要在五月一日到达上海,大约二十天以后去杭州。I will see you later. 我以后去看你。
说明:later on 是副词短语,多用于口语,意思是“以后,后来”,可与单独使用时的 later 互换。
after 还常用过去时的句子中,这时其后既可跟一个时间点,也可跟一段时间。如:Just after seven the rain began to fall. 刚过七点钟,雨就开始下了。He was still weak after his long illness. 他长期患病后(身体)仍然很虚弱。
in 也可与延续性动词,表示“在……时间内”,这时可用于任何时态。如:We stayed(stay, will stay)at the seaside in summer. 天天我们曾在海边呆过(呆在海边,将呆在海边)。
试比较:He will begin to learn a foreign language in two years. 他将在两年后开始学一门外语。(begin 是终止性动词,故 in 译为“……以后”。)He will learn a foreign language in two years. In five minutes he finished drawing a very beautiful horse. 五分钟之内他就画好了一匹非常漂亮的马。I am going to read through the story - book “Snow White” in a week. 我打算在一周内读完故事书《白雪公主》。
after 用作副词时,构成词组常同过去时连用,此时可与 later 互换。如:Two months after(=two months later)they came back to their village. 两年后他们回到了村子里。A few minutes after(=A few minutes later)there was a great noise. 几分钟之后出现了一种巨大的噪音。
15. after a time, for a time
after a time 相当于 after some time, after a while, 常与终止性动词的一般过去时连用,表示谓语动作发生的时间点。for a time 相当于 for some time, for a while,常与持续性动词连用,表示谓语动作或状态持续的时间长度。
如:After a time they went out. 过了一会儿他们出去了。He rested for a time and went on with his work. 他休息了一会儿,又继续工作了。
16. ago, before
ago 只能用于过去时,放在表示“时间段”的词语之后,表示从现在算起的一段时间之前。如:His father died five years ago. 他的父亲五年前去世了。
before 后接“时间点”,可用于任何时态。如:She got to his office before 5 o’clock. 她五点钟以前就到了办公室。We hope to get home before six o’clock. 我们希望六点前回到家。
注意:① before 单独使用,常与现在完成时连用,也可与一般过去时连用。如:I have never met him before. 我从前未见过他。
I never met him before. 我没见过他。
② before 也可放在表“时间段”的词语后,与过去完成时连用,表示从过去某时刻算起的若干时间以前。如:He said he had finished his job two days before. 他说他两天前就完成了他的工作。
17. agree to, agree with
(1)agree to 意为“同意”,后面往往接计划、安排、建议、意见、条件之类的名词或动词原形,含愿意协助工作之意。如:Do you agree to this arrangement?对于这样安排你同意吗?He didn’t agree to her taking up the job. 他不同意她担任这项工作。They agree to our study plan at once. 他们立即同意了我们的学习计划。We all agreed to his proposal. 我们都同意他的建议。They agreed to the terms. 他们同
意了这些条件。He agreed to help us. 他同意帮助我们。
agree with 意为“与……(意见)一致”,后面一般接人,也可接意见、看法等。但不含协力合作之意,不用于被动语态。如:I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。I do not agree with what you have said. 我不同意你所说的。I don’t agree with your idea. 我不同意你的主意。
表示“就取得一致意见”时,agree 可以和 about, on 或 in 连用。如:There is one point in which they all agree. 他们在这点上意见一致。They all agree on the matter. 他们在这个问题上意见一致。The two sides have agreed on the date of negotiations. 双方商定了谈判的日期。We can not agree about it. 关于此事我们意见不能统一。
注意:现代英语中,倾向于agree作及物动词用,不再跟to, on,with等。
18. all, both
(1)作代词时,both表示“两者”,“两者都”,修饰复数名词,它做主语时,谓语动词用复数。all指三者或三者以上“都”,意为:“所有的人或物”,“一切”。all可修饰可数名词,做主语时,谓语动词用复数;也可修饰不可数名词,做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Both are good. 二者皆好。I don’t know which book is the better; I shall read both. 我不知道哪本书较好,因此两本书都读。It is hard to please all. 使人人都满意是很难的。Now all was changed. 现在一切都改变了。
注意:使用both…and结构连结两个介词短语时,后一个名词前的介词不能省略。如:
(误)both in Taiwan and Japan
(正)both in Taiwan and in Japan
(误)both because of the weather and his poor health
(正)both because of the weather and because of the health
all 和 both 充当主语同位语时,其位置主要有以下几种情况:
紧跟主语之后,实义动词前。如:
The students all went home. 学生们都回家了。
They both agreed to stay there. 他们两人都同意呆在那里。
放在情态动词或第一个助词之后。如:
Steel, iron, glass, cloth and paper can all be recycled. 钢、铁、玻璃、布和纸都能回收再用。
They have both decided to leave today. 他们俩决定今天离开。
We have all been waiting for more than an hour. 我们都等了一个多小时。
放在be动词之后,表语之前。如:
There were to many things and they were all beautiful. 东西是那么多,而且都很美。
You are both completely wrong. 你们两人都完全错了。
但是如果要强调表语而将其放在主语前面时,all, both 则要放在主语之后,连系动词之前。如:
I learned a great many new words that day. Now I do not remember what they all were. 那天我学了许多新单词,但我现在却记不得都是些什么了。
Oh, how silly you both are! 啊!你们俩是多么愚蠢呀!
How kind you all are to me! 你们对我实在好啊!
用作形容词时,all表示“所有的,一切的”、“全部的,整个的”,可修饰可数名词复数,也可修饰不可数名词;both表示“两者都”,二者皆用于定冠词、指示代词、所有格名词及其他形容词
之前。如:
All the children were under seven. 所有的孩子都在七岁以下。
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子要变傻。(谚语)
He spent all that year in London. 他那年全年都在伦敦度过。
I want both books (both the books, both these books). 这两本我都要。
Both his younger brothers are in the army. 他的两个弟弟均在服兵役。
19. all, whole,
all 着重“整体”,指各个“个体”或各个“部分”组成的“全部的、所有的”整体。修饰可数名词复数时,指所有的数量;修饰不可数名词时,指整个范围或全部数量。位于定冠词、指示代词、物主代词、基数词的前面。如:
All that afternoon I jumped and sang and did all kinds of things. 整个下午我跳呀唱呀做了各种多样的事情。
All the Chinese people are going all out for the realization of the four modernizations. 全中国人民正在全力以赴为实现四化而奋斗。
常见短语有:
all day, all night, all day long, all the morning, all the summer, all the year, all the month; all his books, all these sentences, all the people, all five men, all the students, all (the) horses, all animals, all the news, all the work, all China, all the world, all the city, all his life…
注意:① 英美人在 all day, all night 中常不用 the。其它情况下,美国人常不用 the。
② all 常可与 whole 互换,但 whole 位于定冠词、物主代词等之
后。如:
all the afternoon→the whole afternoon
all the year→the whole year
all the city→the whole city
all the world→the whole world
③ all 与地点名词连用指人, whole 指人指地区均可。因此, whole 指地区时, 不能与 all 互换。如: The whole city was flooded. 全城水淹。不可说 All the city was flooded.
④ all 不与不定冠词连用, whole 则可。不可说 all a year, 但可说 a whole year。
(2) whole 着重“完整的”整体。指完整无缺的统一体,不可分割,一点不缺,一个不少,没有丝毫减少和遗漏。如:
Nature is a whole. 自然界是一个统一体。
The workers devoted their whole energy to the task. 工人们把全部精力都放在工作上。
常见短语有:
the whole day, the whole thing, the whole class, the whole story, the whole country, the whole army, the whole family, the whole truth (真相), a whole year (全年), a whole number (整数); one’s whole heart (全心全意), one’s whole attention (一生), one’s whole energy (全力)
注意:① whole 可与 all 互换,但有时意思不同。如:the whole of China 指中国的领土,all China 指全中国人民。
② whole 后不能接专有名词或代词。不能说 whole China, whole it, 应说 the whole of China, the whole of it.
③ whole 作“全体的、一切的”讲时,不与普通名词复数连用,all 则可。如:不能说 the whole books,也不能说 the whole of books,应说 all (of) the books.
whole也可见到与名词复数连用的情况。这时,其意思为
“多数”或“整整的”,其用法特点是前面不能加定冠词。如:whole cities 多数城市,whole forests 成片成片的森林。又如:It rained three whole days. 句中 whole 指三天里每天都是整天下雨。
当然也可见到 whole 前有 the,后有复数的情况。如:the whole ten days,是指以 10 天长度为一个整体单位的一段时间。the ten whole days,是指 10 个整天。
⑤ 不能说 your whole money, the whole water, 应说 all your money, all the water, 不可说 all the hour, all the century, 应说 the whole hour, the whole century.
20. All right; That’s all right; That’s right.
(1)All right, That’s all right 用作“好吧,行吧,可以的”意思时可换用,表示同意对方看法或意见。如:
—Let’s go to school. 咱们上学去。
—All right. 好吧。
对方向你致谢或道歉时,表示“不必谢、不客气、没关系”时,不能用 All right,只能用 That’s all right. 等于 Not at all, Don’t mention it 等。如:
—I’m sorry. I can’t go with you. 对不起,我不能和你一起去。
—That’s all right. (没关系。)
(3)That’s right(=Right)表示肯定对方说的对。如:
The moon goes round the earth. 月亮绕着地球转。
—That’s right. 对了。
(4)all right 用法很多。如:
—How is your father 你父亲好吗?
—He is all right. 他身体很好。
—May I come in 我可以进吗?
—All right. 行,请进。
—How is your work 你工作怎么样?
—My work is all right. 顺利
—How do you think of the film 你认为电影怎么样?
—It’s all right. (满意)
—All right, all right, all right, I’m just coming! (不耐烦、恼怒)
21. almost, nearly
almost, nearly, 都表示“几乎、差不多”,常可通用。如:
It’s almost nearly two o’clock.
He fell off a tree and almost/nearly died. 他从树上摔下,险些儿丧命。
说明:从实际事实角度讲,almost比nearly的“差距更小”。从说话人的心理角度讲,almost暗含“仍有差距”,nearly暗含“似无差别”。比如上面的例句,第一句用almost比nearly反映出实际时间更接近two o’clock,但用almost时反映出说话人的心理活动是“还差一点才到整两点”,若用nearly则心理活动是“可以说已到整两点了”。第二句也是这样。用almost的心理活动是“仍活着”,用nearly是“快死了”。可以看出,心理角度的不同决定着二者的选用。
almost and nearly
① 在肯定句中
I am almost/nearly 90 years old. 我几乎 90 岁了。
She fell and almost/nearly broke her neck. 他跌倒了,颈骨险些骨折。
② 修饰 all, every, always 等时
I almost/nearly always go to bed at eleven. 我几乎总是十一点钟上
床睡觉。
③ 在行为动词的否定式前
He almost/nearly didn’t hear what I said. 他几乎听见我讲了些什么。
只能使用 almost 的场合:
① no, none, never, any 以及 no 和 any 的合成词
I have almost nothing to do today. 我今天几乎无事做。
This word is to be found in almost any dictionary. 这个词儿几乎在任何一本词典都能查到。
There is almost none left. 几乎没剩。
I get almost no help from others. 我几乎没有外援。
说明:almost 与否定词连用时,可与 hardly, scarcely (any) 换用。
② 修饰表示感觉或心境的动词和形容词
You could almost imagine you were in Switzerland. 你几乎可以设想你在瑞士。
I almost think you’re right. 我还不完全相信你是对的。
③ 修饰 more than 和 too
That’s almost too much. 那简直太过分了。
注意:谓语不是行为动词时,almost 不与 not 连用,almost not 和 not almost 都不能说。如:不能说 I am not almost prepared.
只能用 nearly 的场合:
① 被 very、not、pretty 所修饰时
I’m not nearly ready. 我还没准备好。
I know pretty nearly all the secrets of her married life. 她婚姻生活的秘密我几乎全部知道。
注意:not nearly far from, much less than 差得远,远远不够。如:
There’s not nearly enough money for a new car. 买一部新车的钱还差得远。
“几乎不……”只能用hardly,不能用nearly not,也不能说almost not。如:可说She sang so quietly that I could hardly hear her. 不可说She sang so quietly that I almost couldn’t hear her. 可说That is hardly possible. 不可说That is nearly not possible.
② 表示快要做什么事但后来“没有做”或“避开不做”时,
We nearly came to see you last Saturday. 我们上星期六差点来看你。
22. aloud, loud, loudly
(1)aloud 往往与 read, think 连用,表示真地把话说出来,而不只是在脑子里默默地“说”。只有修饰 cry, shout 时,才表示“大声”的意思。如:
She has a good pronunciation when she reads aloud. 她朗读时,发音很好。
—What did you say 你说什么?
—Oh, nothing I was just thinking aloud. 哦,没说什么,我只是把心里想的话说出来了。
注意:aloud没有比较级形式。
loud 和 loudly 都意为“响亮地”、“大声地”,有时可以互换,但比较级用 louder,常与 speak, talk, laugh, say, shout 等连用,loud 要置于动词之后,loudly 放在动词前后均可,含有“喧闹”的意思。如:
Don’t talk so loud (= loudly). 不要这么大声讲话。
In order to be heard, the teacher speaks loud and clear. 为了让大家听得清,老师说话宏亮而清晰。
Louder please, I can’t hear you. 大声点,我听不见你的话。
Someone knocked loudly at the door.
注意:loudly 还可以和一些表示发出声响的动词连用。如:
I feel very much annoyed when my neighbor’s cock loudly crows outside my window. 听到邻居家的公鸡在我窗外大叫我就心烦。
The bomb exploded loudly (with a loud noise). 炸弹轰地一声爆炸了。
loud 还常用作形容词。如:a loud voice(高声)a loud laugh(大笑)
23. already、yet、still
(1)already作“已经”解,通常用于肯定句;yet通常用于疑问句和否定句,在疑问句中作“已经”解,在否定句中作“还;尚”解。如:
The students have already checked their exercises. 学生们已经检查了他们的练习。
Have the conductors had their lunch yet. 售票员已经吃过午饭了吗?
But perhaps they don’t know that yet. 但是或许他们还不知道这个呢。
still 说明某种情况和过去一样地继续着,表示“仍然”、“仍旧”的意思,可以用于肯定句,疑问句与否定句中。如:
While I was still in bed, someone telephoned. 我还没起床,就有人打电话给我。
He still lives in the house where he was born. 他仍旧住在他出生的那幢房子里。
Have you still kept his letter 你仍旧保存着他的信吗?
They still haven’t get more money. 他们直到现在还是没有得到更多的钱。
注意:① already 如用于肯定的疑问句,常常表示问话人对某一动作或状态开始或完成得比预想的要快、要早而表示的惊异。如:
Have you finished the novel already 你已经写完了这部小说?
Is it twelve o’clock already 已经十二点了吗?
Is it Sunday already 已经到星期天了吗?
② already 一般用在完成时和进行时的句子中;如用于过去时的句子里,动词须是延续性的,一般不用非延续性动词。如:
The police were already looking into the matter. 那时警察已经在调查这件事了。
He already knew about it. 那时他已经知道这件事了。
③ already 一般不用在否定的陈述句中,但可以用于否定疑问句中和 if 引导的否定的条件从句中,表示问话人对某一动作或状态开始或完成得比预想的要慢、要迟而感到惊讶。如:
Hasn’t he seen it already 他不是已经看见它了吗?
If he haven’t seen the novel already, I may lend it to him. 如果他还没有看过这本小说,我可以借给他。
④ yet也可用在否定疑问句中,already表示问话人期望得到肯定的答复;而yet并不指望得到肯定或否定的明确答复。如:
Haven’t you meet him already in the street 你不是已经在街上碰见他了吗?
⑤ yet 有时用在肯定中,等于 still。如:
The robot is yet in its infancy. 机器人仍(尚)处于发展的初期。
There is yet hope. 还有希望。
I have yet to meet him. 我还是得见见他。
The worse is yet to come. 更糟糕的事还在后头。
⑥ still 用在否定句中,必须放在否定词 yet 之前,yet 一般放在主要动词之前或句末。如:
I have still not heard the story.
I have not heard the story yet.
24. also, too, either, as well
also 用于肯定句,既可表示两人干了同样的事,也可表示一个人干了两件事,通常位于 be 动词,助动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。如:
He has been to Beijing. I have also been there. 他去过北京,我也去过。
He is good at English. He is also good at Japanese. 他擅长英语,也擅长日语。
I also wants some tea. 我也要点茶。
注意:表示强调时,also也可放在助动词或情态动词等之前。比较:
I can also do it. 我也能干。
I also can do it. (同上)
too 也用于肯定句,比 also 更通俗,和 also, as well 可以相互替换,可放在句中,也可放在句末。如:
Xiao Li went to Beijing and Xiao Zhao, too, went to Beijing. 小李到北京去了,小赵也到北京去了。
He studies hard and I study hard, too.
either 用于否定句,而且只能放在句末。如:
He didn’t know it. I didn’t know it, either. 他不知道那件事,我也不知道。
I can’t speak French and can’t write, either. 我不会讲法语,也不会写法语。
as well 在口语中用得很多,用法和 too 完全一样,可以互换,通常位于句末。如:
She not only sings, she plays the piano as well. 她不但会唱歌,而且会弹钢琴。
I can do it as well. 这事我也能做。
注意:① 在含有责备、抱怨或规劝之类的句子中,若句子本身是以否定的形式表达肯定的意义时用“too”,而不用“either”。这类句子一般可用should,had better,would rather等改成肯定的形式,只是语气稍有不同。如:
Can’t you see I’ve got teeth, too 你难道看不出我也有牙齿吗?(= You should see I’ve teeth, too.)
② 在表示建议或邀请的句子中,若句子是否定的形式,肯定的意义,用“too”而不用“either”。这类句子大都可以改成肯定的形式。如:
Won’t you come, too 你的也来吗?(= Will you please come, too 或 = Please come too.)
Wouldn’t you have a cup of coffee too 您也来杯咖啡好吗?(= Please have a cup of coffee too.)
③ 在反意疑问句中,若主体句是肯定式,否定式的追加问句不影响整句的肯定意义,那么,主体句中可用“too”,而不可用“either”。如:
She went to see her last Sunday too, didn’t she 她上星期天也去看她了,(不)是吗?(=Did she go to see her last Sunday too )
④ 在具有否定意义的否定句中,否定词前可用“too”而不用“either”。但这类句子更常用“not…either”结构来表达。如:
He did not come, and she too did not come. 他没来,她也没有来。(= He did not come, and she did not come either.)
I believed, too, that I had never listened so attentively. 我觉得我从来没有这么用心地听讲过。
③ too 虽在否定词组,但否定词仅仅是否定某个词或词语,而不影响全句内肯定意义时,一般用“too”而不用“either”。如:
No worries and a comfortable place to sleep in are important, too. 无忧无虑,好的地方舒适也非常重要。
25. although, though, in spite of
(1)although较正式,语气强,though最常用。现代英语中两者可随意换用。如:
Though he was tired, he went on working. = Although he was tired, he went on working. 尽管他很累,他还继续工作。
although 和 though 引导的从句放在主句前后均可,有时还可放在句中。如:
He often helps me with my English (al) though he is quite busy. 尽管他相当忙,但是还常常帮我学英语。
John, though (he was) young, did it very well. 约翰虽然年轻,但事情做得很出色。
Although many difficulties are still ahead, we are determined to make greater achievements. 尽管在前面的道路上还有许多困难,但是,我们决心要取得更大的成就。
though, although 引导的从何不能与 but, however 连用, 但可与 yet, still 连用。不能说: Though he was old, but he worked hard. 应把 but 去掉。当然, 保留 but 而去掉 though 也可。
though 有时指假设的情况,不指事实,从句用虚拟语气。although 不能这样用。如:
Einstein cared little for money, though he could have been very rich.
尽管爱因斯坦本可以成为非常富有的人,但他对金钱却不感兴趣。(though 引导的情况是假设的,并非事实。)
He will never do such a thing though he (should) be forced to. 即使强迫他,他也决不会干这样的事。
注意:不能用 is
though 引导的从句,可用倒装语序,即把从句中的表语或状语等放到 though 之前;although 不能这样用。如:
Young though she is, yet she is fit for the job. (= Young as she is, yet she is fit for the job.) 尽管她很轻,可她还胜任这项工作。
though 从的主谓若是系表结构时,可以省略从句主语和动词。如:
Though alone, he is happy. 虽然他独自一人,可是他很幸福。
注意:Though loving him, I cannot help him. 是错句。因为从句不是 be 构成的系表结构作谓语。应改为 Though I love him, I cannot help him. 或 Though fond of him.
though 还可与别的词结合使用,如 even though, as though 等;although 则无这种搭配功能
I’ll go and help them even though I stop my work. 即使我停下自己的活干,我也要去帮助他们。
though 还可作并列连词,相当于 and yet(然而,可是),它引导的分句常对另一分句起补充说明作用;although 则无此种用法。如:
They now can do most of the things people can do. though most scientists agree that computers cannot completely take the place of humans. 人们能做的大部分工作,计算机现在都能做,然而大多数科学家认为,计算机并不能完全代替人。
I wouldn’t like to go to the evening. though they will invite me to. 我不想去参加晚会,可是他们要请我去。
though 可用作副词,放在句尾。although 不可这样用。如:
He said he would come, he didn’t though. 他说要来却没来。
(10)in spite of后跟名词,不跟句子。如:
We went out in spite of the rain. = We went out (al) though it was raining. 尽管下着雨我们还是外出了。
26. altogether, all together
(1)altogether表示“完全、总之、总共”等意义。如:
The house was altogether destroyed by the fire. 这房子全部被火烧了。
It was raining, but altogether it was a good trip. 下雨了,不过总而言之,那趟旅行玩得不错。
He wrote six books altogether. 他总共写了六本书。
all together 意为 “一起”, 强调一个群体中的每一位。如:
Now we will sing the song all together. 现在我们一起来唱这首歌。
27. always, often, usually
(1)always(=at all times)作“总是”讲,含“毫无例外”之意。如:
She always stays at home in the evening. 她晚上总是待在家里。
注意:always 与进行时连用,表示赞扬、讨厌等感彩。如:
He is always asking why. 他总是爱问为什么。
often 指 “经常性” 的动作。如:
We often watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上常常看电视。
(3)usually也可指“经常”的动作,但侧重从已形成“习惯”
的角度来说明动作。如:
We usually do some washing on Sunday. 我们通常在星期天洗衣服。
28. among, between
(1)一般来说,among的宾语应是三个或三个以上的人或事物;between的宾语通常是两个人或事物。如:
Divide the cake among the three children. 把饼子分给这三个孩子。
Divide the cake between the two children. 把饼子分给这两个孩子。
between 的宾语有时也可以是三个以上的人或事物,这些人或事物一般都是具体的,表示句子的主语与他们各自之间的关系;用 among 则笼统表示在他们之中。试比较:
The town lies among the mountains. 这座小城市处于群山环抱之中。
Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy. 瑞士位于法、德、奥、意四国之间。
注意:① divide 和 share 之类的词,如果后面跟着几个单数名词,则用 between;如果后面是复数名词,between 和 among 都可以用。如:
He shared his property between his wife, his daughter and his sister. 他把财产分给了他的妻子、女儿和妹妹。
He divided his money between/among his five sons. 他把钱分给了五个儿子。
② between 后面不能用 each 或 every,如:between the acts(各幕之间),不能说:between each act。
29. animal, beast
animal 是动物的总称,以区别于植物(plant);也可以表示
除人类以外的“动物”,以区别于人。如:
Men, tigers, birds are all animals. 人、虎、鸟都是动物。
beast 主要是指四足兽。指人时,含贬义。如:
If any beast comes at you, I’ll stay with you and help you. 如果有什么野兽袭击你的话,我将和你在一起并且全力帮助你。
They hated that beast of a landlord. 他们恨透了那个狼心狗肺的地主。
He worked like a beast of burden. 他像牛马一样地工作。
30. answer, reply
(1)answer可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,常指口答和笔算的回答,系一般用语;而reply则为正式用语,多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答,常用作不及物动词。和介词to连用,其宾语为一般的名词或代词,这时可与answer互换。如:
Answer my question in English.
No one was able to answer him a word. 没人能回答他一句话。
The old man smiled before he replied to my question. 老人回答我的问题之前笑了笑。
reply 也可用作及物动词,其宾语只限于直接引语和宾语从句两种,这时 reply 可以和 answer 互换。如:
He replied/answered that he knew nothing about it. 他回答说他什么也不知道。
“No,” he replied/answered, “I only came yesterday.” “不”, 他回答道, “我昨天才回来。”
He replied that he might go. 他答复说他可能去。
注意:answer 可引申为“应答”之类的意义,这时不能用 reply 来代替。如:answer the door bell 听到铃声响去开门 answer
31. answer for, answer to
answer for 意为“对……负责”,“因……受责”,引申为“受到惩罚,得到报应”。如:
He wouldn’t answer for what his son had done. 他不愿意对他儿子的所作所为承担责任。
You will have to answer for your wrong doings one day. 终有一天你会因为你的错误行动而受到惩罚。
说明:answer for 还可作“保证”讲。如:
Knowing her well, I certainly answer for her honesty. 我对她深有了解,当然可保证她诚实。
(2)answer to 的意思是“符合,适合于”、“对……有反应”。如:
That answers just to our needs. 那正好符合我们的需要。
His deeds do not answer to his words. 他的行动跟他的言论不一致。
说明:answer to 还有“对……负责”之意,这时它可以和 answer for 换用。如:
You’ll have to answer to me if any harm comes to this child. 如果这个孩子受到任何伤害,你得对我负责。
32. anyone, any one
anyone用作代词,只能指人,意为“任何人”;anyone是一个词组,既可指人,又可指物,意为“任何一个(或物)”,表示只限一个。如:
Is there anyone at home 家里有人吗?
You may choose any one of these. 你可以任选一个。
33. arrive, get, reach
arrive 是不及物动词,要表示到达一个地方时,后面需加介词 in 或 at。
I had never seen a Red Army man before I arrived at Xi’an. 在我到达西安之前,从没有见过红军。
She was always the first to arrive at the workshop. 她总是第一个来到车间。
① 如果两个地名连用时,不能就其本身大小而论时,则要“论资排辈”,在表示较大地方前用 in,较小地方前用 at。如:
Mr Green, who arrived in China in spring last year, arrived at Shanghai yesterday. 格林先生是去年春季到达中国的,昨天又到上海去了。
②若两个地名连用时,第一个地名是经过作短暂停留的地点,即使较大也要用 at;另一个地名是目的地,即使较小也该用 in。如:
We arrived at Shanghai on the morning of May 28 and arrived in Wuhan on the evening of the same day. 我们于五月二十八日早晨到达了上海并于当天晚上抵达武汉。
get 也是不及物动词,多用于口语,要和 to 连用构成短语动词,然后再跟名词;当“到达”的地点是副词,则不用 to。如:
When did you get to Shanghai 你什么时候抵达上海的?
When did you get home 你什么时候回到家的?
注意:表示“到达”这一意义时若不指明到达的地点时,则不能用get可用arrive。如:
When we arrived, they had gone. 我们到达时,他们已经走了。(不能用 got 代替 arrived)
reach 是及物动词,后面可直接跟宾语,其后一般不接地点副词。如:
He reached Shanghai last month. 他上个月到达上海。
How did you reach the village. 你是怎么到达这个村庄的。
34. as, when, while
(1)when意为“在……时刻或时期”,它可兼指“时间点”与“时间段”,从句的动词既可以是终止性动词,也可是持续性动词。如:
When I got home, he was having supper. 我到家时,他正在吃饭。
When I was young, I liked dancing. 我年轻时喜欢跳舞。
as 意为 “边……边……” 或 “与……同时”, 重在表示动作同时发生伴随进行。如:
They talked as they walked. 他们边走边谈。
while 只指“时间段”,不指“时间点”,从句的动词只限于持续性动词。如:
While I slept, a thief broke in. 在我睡觉时,贼闯了进来。
注意:① when 从句与主句动作先后发生时,不能与 while, as 互换。如:
When he has finished his work, he takes a short rest. 每当他做完工作后,总稍稍休息一下。(when = after)
When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun. 当我到达电影院时,电影已经开始。(when = before)
② when 从句动词为终止性动词时不能由 while 替换。如:
When he came yesterday, we were playing basketball. 昨天他来时,
我们正在打篮球。
说明:此时when也不能用as替换,因为从句终止性动词时,主句通常也必须是终止性动词。
③ 当从句的谓语是表动作的延续性动词,when, while 和 as 才有可能互相替换。如:
While/When/As we were still laughing, the teacher came in. 正当我们仍在大声嬉笑时,老师进来了。
④ 当从句的谓语是终止性动词,而且主句的谓语也是终止性动词时,when可和as通用,而且用as比用when在时间上更为紧凑,有“正当这时”的含义。如:
He came just as (or when) I reached the door. 我刚到门那儿,他就来了。
⑤ 从句的谓语动词如表示状态时,通常用 while。如:
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们应该趁热打铁。
35.as…as…,so…as…
as…as…与原级形容词或副词连用,表示“和……一样”的意思;用于否定句,表示“不如(及)……”的意思。而 so…as…只用于否定句。如:
It is as cold as ice. 这和冰一样凉。
She isn’t as/so nice as her sister. 她不如她妹妹好。
as/so…as…中间可接单数可数名词,此时要特别注意名词前形容词及冠词的位置。如:
I have never seen as old a car as this. 我从未见过这么旧的汽车。
后与人称代词连用时,较正式的文体中用主格,在非正式英语中则多用宾格。如:
My wife is as old as I (me). 我夫人和我同龄。
但是,若代词后还有动词,则只能用主格。如:
My wife is as old as I am.
注意:This room is not as big as that one, but much bigger. 这间房和那间房不一样大,这间大得多。此句中如果不接 but,则 not as…as 和 not so…as 同义。
36. as much as, as many as
英语中在表示数量的词语前习惯上加as much as, as many as等来加强语气。as much as常用在“雨量、水量、时间量、重量、钱数、价格”等方面,表示“总量”和“单位量”的大小;as many as常用在人或物的具体数量前。前者从总体角度出发,侧重于“总量”;后者从个体出发,侧重于具体数目。如:
The rain is plentiful, often as much as seventy inches every year. 这儿雨水充足,年降雨量常达到70英寸之多。
At the job, she could earn as much as eighty dollars a week. 她干这个工作,周工资高达80美元。
The highest price of a jacket in the shop is as much as 500 yuan. 该店中,上衣的最高价高达 500 元。
The civil war in that country lasted as much as 16 years. 那个国家的内战竟然延续了16年之久。
In the countries of Africa (非洲) there are as many as 700 languages. 非洲国家的语言多达 700 种。
We must learn as many as 300 English words every month. 我们每月要学的英语单词多达 300 个。
The kings of Egypt built as many as 80 pyramids. 埃及国王们建造的金字塔数高达 80。
说明:在计量某个东西的长、宽、高、硬、深、年龄或距离
时往往用 . as结构,如as high as,as wide as,as deep as,…。如:
It is as deep as 8 metres. 深达 8 公尺。
He is as tall as 2 metres. 他高达 2 米。
My grandfather lived as old as 90 years. 我祖父去世时年龄高达 90 岁。
37. at night, at nights, in the night
at night 泛指“在夜间”。是“在白天 (in the day)”的反义词。如:
But if you go out at night, you’ll be able to see thousands of stars. 如果你夜间出去,就可以看到成千上万颗星星。
at nights 意为 “在夜里经常”。如:
She has evil dreams at nights. 她在夜里常做恶梦。
(3)in the night多指“夜间某时刻(at some time during the night)”。如:
I woke up twice in the night. 晚上我醒了两次。
38. at once, immediately, right now, right away
这四个短语常可互换,只是说话角度上有细微区别。
(1)at once等于now,without delay。如:
Do it at once. 立刻就做。
Come here at once! 马上就来!
at once也有“at the same time,together”的意思。如:
Don’t all speak at once! 不要全体同时说话!
注意:all at once = suddenly
immediately 和 at once 相同,但语意上侧重于“紧接着”。如:
She answered almost immediately. 她几乎立刻作了回答。(紧接着问,立刻作答)
He will be ready immediately. 他马上就会准备好。(暗指还需几分钟)
→注意:immediately 还可作连词,等于 as soon as。如:
I told him immediately he came. 他一来我就告诉他了。
right now 指 at this moment, right away 指毫不犹豫或毫不耽误的“立即”。如:
If you get the address, let me know right away. 你看到地址,请立即告诉我。
Shall we begin right now 我们正在开始吗?
39. at the corner of, in the corner of, on the corner of, round/around the corner
它们都表示“在角落”的意义,但要注意:
at the corner of 指 “在某物外部的角落上 (拐角处)”, 也可用 on, round, around 等; in the corner of 指 “在某物内部的角落里”; 而 on the corner of 则指 “在某物体表面的角上”, 也可说 at (in, on) + 地点名词 + corner。corner 后接 of 不接 between。如:
The bookshop is at the corner of the street. 书店就在街的拐角处。
Turn right at the next corner. 在下一个拐角处向左拐。
A car is waiting on the street corner. 小车正在街的拐弯处等着。
I’ll meet you on (at) the corner of the East Street and the Huaxia Street. 我们将在东大街和华夏路的拐弯处碰头。
Don’t put the glass on/at the corner of the table. 不要把玻璃杯放在桌子角上。
I found my pen in the corner of the classroom. 我在教室的一个角落里找到了钢笔。
He has been in every corner of the country. 他到过全国各地。
注意:表示“拐弯(就是)”或“在拐角(弯)处”时,常用round/around the corner。如:
The school is around the corner. 学校就在拐弯附近。
There’s a shop over there, round the corner. 那边拐角处有一家商店。
40. at the end of, before the end of, by the end of, in the end
这几个短语都可用来表示时间,但其起止的时间界限有所不同。
①at the end of 意为“在末”,指“年、月、日、世纪等时间点”。如:
at the end of this month 在本月底
before the end of意为“不超过,不到”,强调“时限”之前。如:
before the end of last term. 不超过上学期期末。
③by the end of 意为“不迟于”,强调“最后时限”,其中 by = not later than,概括了 before 和 at 两者的意思。如:
by the end of this month 直到本月底为止
in the end 意为“最后,终”。如
But in the end he gave in. 但最终他屈服了。
41. at the top of, on the top of
这两个短语介词都有“在顶上”的意义,其后均可接位置名
词。如:
There stands at tall tree at the top of the mountain. 山顶上矗立着一棵大树。
That high hill has a tower on (the) top if it. 在那座高山顶上有一座塔。
Put your bag on top of mine. 把你的包放在我的上面。
注意:① on后的the常可省,at后的the不可省。
② 用 on 侧重 “面” 的接触, at 只指位置 “点”。
at the top of one’s voice 意为 as loudly as one can。
42. at times, at all times, at a time, at one time, at no time, at the same time, for a time
(1)at times(= sometimes)意为:有时,间或。如:
The tide is, at times, very high. 潮水有时涨得很高。
At times he was late for school. 他有时上学迟到。
at all times ( always) 意为:随时,不论什么时候。如:
We should be ready at all times to wipe out any enemy who dares to come. 我们必须随时准备消灭一切敢于来犯之敌。
at one time ( once)意为:从前,曾经。如:
Lincoln was at one time a postmaster. 林肯曾经当过邮局局长。
We were good friends at one time. 我们曾经是好朋友,但现在不是了。
at a time ( = each time) 意为:一次,每次。如:
Enter two at a time.每次进两个人。
Please give me two books at a time. 请一次给我两本书。
at no time 意为:在任何时候都不,决不。如:
You should at no time divorce yourself from the masses of the people. 你在任何时候都不要脱离群众。
at the same time 意为:同时。如:
The two balls fell to the ground at the same time. 这两个球同时落地。
for a time 意为:一度,一段时间,相当于 for some time。如:
He was for a time a professor of Cambridge. 他一度是剑桥大学的教授。
43. attend, join, join in, take part in, go in for
它们都可表示“参加”的意思,但用法不同。
(1)attend是正式用语,及物动词。指参加会议或仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、上课、上学、听报告等,强调的是发生这一动作的本身,而不强调参加者在活动中起的作用。如:
He’ll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要参加一个重要会议。
They didn’t attend the wedding. 他们没来参加婚礼。
attend也能用作不及物动词。如:
He often attends at a night school. 他常去上夜校。
If they invite us, we’ll be delighted of to attend. 如果他们邀请,我们会高兴地参加。
注意:enter for 意为“报名参加某项比赛”或“让某人替某人报名参加比赛”。
join 指加入某组织团体,成为其成员之一。如参军、入团、入党等。如:
My wish is to join the army after graduation. 我的愿望是毕业后参军。
We’ll have to join the nation - wide strike, too. 我们不得不参加这
次全国性罢工。
My father joined a revolutionary organization in 1938. 我父亲 1938 年参加了革命组织。
注意:表示“参加某项活动或比赛”用join和join in都行。如join(in)the game,join(in)the discussion.若该项活动用动名词表示时,则只能用join in.
join in 指参加比赛或活动等,常用于日常口语。如:
Almost all the teams in our school joined in the basketball tournament. 我校几乎所有的队都参加了这次篮球锦标赛。
Why didn’t you join in the talk last night 你为什么晚不参加座谈?
如果要表示“加入到他人的行列一道从事某项活动”,则要用join sb. in sth。如:
Our headmaster will join us in the discussion this afternoon. 校长今天下午要参加我们的讨论。
Her husband joined her in her search for this unknown radiation. 她的丈夫和她一道寻找这种不知名的射线。
注意:参加说话人双方都清楚的活动时,in sth、可以省略。如:Come and join us, Xiao Wang. 小王,快来和我们一起玩吧。
take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等,重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。如:
We’ll take part in social activities during the summer vacation. 我们在暑假期间将参加社会活动。
We often take part in physical labour. 我们经常参加体力劳动。
→注意:part前有修饰语时,要用不定冠词。如:
Lincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery. 林肯积极参加政治活动,强烈反对奴隶制度。
go in for 指参加某项比赛、考试。如:
Jack’s gone in for the long-jump, but I don’t think he has a chance to win. 杰克参加跳远比赛去了,但我想他获胜机会甚微。
Which events is he going in for at the Olympics. 他在奥林匹克运动会上参加哪几项比赛?
She went in for a singing competition. 她参加了歌咏比赛。
注意:go in for 还有“爱好”的意思。如:
He goes in for swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
说明:sit for 指“参加考试”,be present at 表示出席会议或仪式。

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