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Unit 1 Time to Relax语法讲练
动词不定式作目的状语及宾语补足语
一、动词不定式作目的状语
1. 结构: 表示“为了……”。常见结构有：
（1）to + 动词原形
例句： I study hard to get good grades.（我努力学习是为了取得好成绩。）
（2）in order to + 动词原形
例句： She got up early in order to catch the bus.（她早起是为了赶上公交车。）
（3）so as to + 动词原形
例句： He lowered his voice so as to be quiet.（他降低声音是为了保持安静。）
2. 否定形式
（1）in order not to do
例句： She walked quietly in order not to wake the baby.
（她轻轻走路，为了不吵醒宝宝。）
（2）so as not to do
例句： He hurried so as not to miss the train.
（他匆忙赶路，为了不错过火车。）
3. 结构区别
to do：最常用，语气自然。
in order to do：更正式，可放句首。
so as to do：更正式，不能放句首。
4. 巩固练习
1. I went to the library ______ a book.
A. borrow B. borrowing C. to borrow D. borrowed
2. She opened the window ______ some fresh air.
A. get B. getting C. to get D. got
3. ______ arrive earlier, we took a taxi.
A. To B. For C. So D. Because
4. He lowered his voice ______ wake the baby.
A. to B. in order to C. so as to D. so as not to
5. They worked hard ______ finish the work on time.
A. so B. in order to C. because D. as
二、动词不定式作宾语补足语
1. 分类
（1）命令、要求类动词（加 to do）
常见动词： ask, tell, order,require
结构： 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + to do
例句： The teacher told us to be quiet. 老师告诉我们要安静。
例句： The teacher asked us to finish the homework.老师让我们完成作业。
例句： My mother told me to clean my room.我妈妈让我打扫房间。
例句： The policeman ordered the man to stop.警察命令那个男人停下来。
例句： The rules require students to wear school uniforms.规定要求学生穿校服。
（2）希望、期望类动词（加 to do）
常见动词：want, wish,expect,would like
例句：I want you to help me with my English.我想让你帮我学英语。
例句：She wishes her parents to come to the school concert.
她希望她的父母来参加学校音乐会。
例句：They expect us to finish the work today.他们期望我们今天完成这项工作。
例句：I would like you to come to my birthday party.我想让你来参加我的生日派对。
（3）使役动词（不加 to）
常见动词： let, make, have
例句：My parents let me to watch TV after I finish my homework.
我父母让我在完成作业后看电视。
例句：The teacher made him to stand up.老师让他站起来。
例句：I have my sister to help me with my math.我让我姐姐帮我学数学。
（4）感官动词（不加 to）
常见动词： see, hear, watch, notice, feel,
例句： I saw him run away.（我看见他跑开了。）
She heard someone call her name.她听到有人叫她的名字。
例句：They watched the children play in the park.他们看着孩子们在公园里玩。
例句：I noticed him leave the classroom.我注意到他离开了教室。
例句：She felt the ground shake.她感觉到地面在震动。
感官动词（see、watch、hear、notice、feel 等）后面既可以接省略 to 的不定式（do），也可以接**现在分词（doing）**作宾补，但两者含义不同：
一、区别
do（原形）：表示动作已经完成、全过程、一次性。
doing（现在分词）：表示动作正在进行、持续、部分过程。
二、感官动词例句
1. see
I saw him run away.我看见他跑开了。（动作完成）
I saw him running in the street.我看见他正在街上跑。（正在进行）
2. watch
They watched the children play basketball.他们看孩子们打篮球。（全过程）
They watched the children playing basketball.
他们看孩子们正在打篮球。（正在进行）
3. hear
She heard someone call her name.她听到有人叫她的名字。（动作完成）
She heard someone calling her name.她听到有人在叫她的名字。（持续、反复）
4. notice
I noticed him leave the classroom.我注意到他离开了教室。（动作完成）
I noticed him leaving the classroom.我注意到他正离开教室。（正在进行）
5. feel
She felt the ground shake.她感到地面震动了一下。（动作完成）
She felt the ground shaking.她感到地面在持续震动。（正在进行）
三、口诀
“原形看完全，分词看正在。”
（5）其他动词（允许、邀请、建议、提醒、警告、鼓励、教等动词，加 to do）
常见动词： allow, invite，advise, remind, warn, encourage, teach
例句：My parents allow me to watch TV on weekends. 我父母允许我在周末看电视。
例句：They invited me to join the club.（他们邀请我加入俱乐部。）
例句：The doctor advised him to exercise more.（医生建议他多锻炼。）
例句：She reminded me to bring my umbrella.她提醒我带伞。
例句：The teacher warned us not to run in the hallway.
老师警告我们不要在走廊里跑。
例句：My friends encouraged me to join the English club.
我的朋友鼓励我加入英语俱乐部。
例句：He taught me to ride a bike.他教我骑自行车。
2. 巩固练习
1. My father asked me ______ my homework.
A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished
2. They didn’t allow us ______ the room.
A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered
3. The teacher made him ______ the text again.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads
4. I heard her ______ in the next room.
A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang
三、混综合练习
1. She went to the shop ______ some milk.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought
2. My mother told me ______ early.
A. get up B. to get up C. getting up D. got up
3. He works hard ______ a better life.
A. have B. having C. to have D. had
4. The teacher made the students ______ the exercise again.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. done
5. I came here ______ you.
A. see B. seeing C. to see D. saw
6. They invited us ______ their party.
A. join B. to join C. joining D. joined
7. She turned on the light ______ see better.
A. for B. to C. because D. so
8. I saw him ______ the street just now.
A. cross B. to cross C. crossing D. crossed
9. He saved money ______ buy a new bike.
A. for B. to C. because D. as
10. The doctor advised her ______ more water.
A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drank
11. She walked quietly ______ wake the baby.
A. to B. in order to C. so as to D. so as not to
12. My parents don’t allow me ______ out late.
A. go B. to go C. going D. went
13. He ran quickly ______ catch the bus.
A. so B. because C. to D. for
14. I heard someone ______ my name.
A. call B. to call C. calls D. called
15. She opened the door ______ let the cat out.
A. for B. to C. because D. so
16. They want us ______ the meeting.
A. attend B. to attend C. attending D. attended
17. He sat in front ______ hear the speaker clearly.
A. for B. to C. because D. so
18. The boss ordered the workers ______ at once.
A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left
19. She practiced every day ______ improve her English.
A. for B. to C. because D. as
20. I watched them ______ basketball.
A. play B. to play C. plays D. played

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