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小学英语一般现在时专题
一、什么是一般现在时？
一般现在时是英语中最基础的时态之一，用来表示经常发生的动作、习惯性的行为、客观真理、当前的状态或事实。
关键标志词（常出现在句子中，提示用一般现在时）：
1.频率副词：every day（每天）、often（经常）、usually（通常）、always（总是）、sometimes（有时）、on Sundays（在周日）、every week（每周）等。
2.客观真理提示：如太阳东升西落、地球绕太阳转等。
例句感知：
习惯性动作：I get up at 7:00 every morning.（我每天早上7点起床。）
经常发生的动作：She often plays ping-pong after school.（她经常放学后打乒乓球。）
客观真理：The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。）
当前状态：He is tall and thin.（他又高又瘦。）（注：be动词的一般现在时也是其重要用法）
二、一般现在时的基本结构
一般现在时根据主语的不同，分为“be动词结构”和“实义动词结构”，其中实义动词结构要特别注意第三人称单数的变化。
1. be动词结构（am/is/are）
核心：主语 + be动词（am/is/are） + 其他（表语，如形容词、名词、地点等）
be动词的选择规则：“我用am，你用are，is连着他、她、它；单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。”
主语类型 be动词形式 例句
第一人称单数（I） am I am a student.（我是一名学生。）
第二人称（you）/ 复数（we/they/复数名词） are You are my friend.（你是我的朋友。）They are teachers.（他们是老师。）
第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词） is She is a doctor.（她是一名医生。）The cat is black.（这只猫是黑色的。）
2. 实义动词结构（有具体动作的词，如play、eat、read等）
核心：主语 + 实义动词（原形/三单形式） + 其他
关键区别：主语是“第三人称单数”时，实义动词要变“三单形式”；其他主语（第一、二人称，复数）用动词原形。
主语类型 动词形式 例句
第一人称（I/we）、第二人称（you）、复数（they/复数名词） 动词原形 We play football every Sunday.（我们每周日踢足球。）You eat breakfast at 7:30.（你7点半吃早餐。）
第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词） 动词三单形式 He plays football every Sunday.（他每周日踢足球。）The dog eats meat.（这只狗吃肉。）
三、核心难点：第三人称单数（三单）的判断与动词变化规则
1. 什么是“第三人称单数”？
简单来说，就是除了“我（I）、我们（we）、你（you）、你们（you）、他们/她们/它们（they）”以及复数名词之外的“单个对象”，具体包括：
人称代词：he（他）、she（她）、it（它，指动物、事物、天气等）。
单数名词：如Tom（人名）、my mother（我的妈妈）、the bird（这只鸟）、the book（这本书）等。
小练习：判断下列主语是否为“第三人称单数”（是打√，否打×）
1.Lucy（ ） 2. we（ ） 3. the cat（ ） 4. they（ ） 5. my father（ ）
答案：1.√ 2. × 3.√ 4. × 5.√
2. 动词三单形式的变化规则（重点！）
大部分动词变三单时，直接在词尾加-s；特殊情况有固定变化，具体如下：
规则类型 变化方法 例词
规则1：一般动词 词尾直接加-s play → plays（玩）、read → reads（读）、like → likes（喜欢）
规则2：以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾 词尾加-es pass → passes（传递）、fix → fixes（修理）、watch → watches（看）、wash → washes（洗）、do → does（做）、go → goes（去）
规则3：以“辅音字母 + y”结尾 变y为i，再加-es study → studies（学习）、fly → flies（飞）、cry → cries（哭）
规则4：以“元音字母 + y”结尾 直接加-s play → plays（玩）、stay → stays（停留）、enjoy → enjoys（喜欢）
不规则变化（特殊记） 无固定规则，单独记忆 have → has（有）、be → is（是）
四、一般现在时的否定句和一般疑问句（重点应用）
1. be动词结构的否定句和疑问句
否定句：在be动词后加not（am not/isn't/aren't）
原句：He is a student.（他是一名学生。） 否定句：He isn't a student.（他不是一名学生。）
原句：They are teachers.（他们是老师。） 否定句：They aren't teachers.（他们不是老师。）
一般疑问句：把be动词提到主语前面，句尾加问号（第一人称I变第二人称you）
原句：She is from Beijing.（她来自北京。） 疑问句：Is she from Beijing （她来自北京吗？）
原句：I am tall.（我很高。） 疑问句：Are you tall （你很高吗？）
2. 实义动词结构的否定句和疑问句（难点！区分三单）
关键：借助助动词do/does（否定句加not，疑问句提至句首），助动词后接动词原形。
句子类型 非三单主语（I/we/you/they/复数名词） 三单主语（he/she/it/单数名词）
肯定句 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + 动词三单 + 其他
否定句（加not） 主语 + don't + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他
一般疑问句（提助动词） Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
例句对比：
非三单： 肯定：I play basketball every day.（我每天打篮球。） 否定：I don't play basketball every day.（我不每天打篮球。） 疑问：Do you play basketball every day （你每天打篮球吗？）
三单： 肯定：He plays basketball every day.（他每天打篮球。） 否定：He doesn't play basketball every day.（他不每天打篮球。） 疑问：Does he play basketball every day （他每天打篮球吗？）
五、课堂小练习（巩固提升）
1. 用be动词am/is/are填空
1.I ______ a pupil.）
2.She ______ my sister.
3.They ______ in the classroom.
4.The dog ______ black and white.
5.______ you a teacher
答案：1.am 2.is 3.are 4.is 5.Are
2. 用所给动词的适当形式填空（变三单）
1.My father ______ (work) in a hospital.
2.She ______ (wash) her clothes every Saturday.
3.The bird ______ (sing) very well.
4.Tom ______ (study) English every morning.
5.It ______ (rain) a lot in summer.
答案：1.works 2.washes 3.sings 4.studies 5.rains
3. 改为否定句和一般疑问句
1.原句：We go to school on foot.
否定句：________________________ 疑问句：________________________
原句：She likes ice cream.（她喜欢冰淇淋。）
否定句：________________________ 疑问句：________________________
答案：1.否定句：We don’t go to school on foot. 疑问句：Do you go to school on foot
2.否定句：She doesn’t like ice cream. 疑问句： Does She like ice cream
小学英语一般现在时专项练习
一、选择正确的词填空
He often ______ (play/plays) football after school.
My mother ______ (cook/cooks) dinner every day.
They ______ (go/goes) to the park on Sundays.
Tom ______ (watch/watches) TV in the evening.
I ______ (like/likes) reading English books.
She ______ (wash/washes) her clothes every morning.
The cat ______ (catch/catches) mice at night.
We ______ (study/studies) English hard.
My father ______ (drive/drives) to work every day.
Lily ______ (sing/sings) very well.
It ______ (rain/rains) a lot in summer here.
You ______ (do/does) your homework carefully.
Mike ______ (finish/finishes) his class at 4:30.
The students ______ (have/has) four classes in the morning.
Lucy ______ (brush/brushes) her teeth twice a day.
He ______ (not like/doesn't like) playing basketball.
______ (Do/Does) your sister like dancing
______ (Do/Does) they often go swimming
My brother ______ (play/plays) the piano every weekend.
The sun ______ (rise/rises) in the east.
They ______ (not watch/don't watch) TV on weekdays.
______ (Do/Does) your father read newspapers every morning
She ______ (have/has) a new schoolbag.
I ______ (not do/don't do) my homework at night.
The dog ______ (bark/barks) when it sees strangers.
______ (Do/Does) you like eating apples
Tom and Jerry ______ (play/plays) together every day.
She ______ (go/goes) to bed at 9:00 every night.
My teacher ______ (teach/teaches) us English.
We ______ (visit/visits) our grandparents on holidays.
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
My sister ______ (dance) well.
They ______ (play) football every afternoon.
Tom ______ (not like) coffee.
______ (do) your mother go to work by bus
The bird ______ (sing) beautifully.
I ______ (get) up at 7:00 every morning.
He ______ (finish) his homework at 6:00.
______ (do) they have a picnic on Saturdays
She ______ (wash) her face every morning.
We ______ (not watch) TV in the afternoon.
The boy ______ (run) fast.
______ (do) your father like fishing
My mother ______ (cook) breakfast for me.
They ______ (not play) computer games on school days.
The sun ______ (set) in the west.
______ (do) you read English every day
She ______ (have) a pet dog.
He ______ (not go) to school on Sundays.
The children ______ (like) playing games.
My brother ______ (study) hard at school.
三、句型转换
He plays basketball every day.（改为否定句）
________________________________________________________
They go to school by bike.（改为一般疑问句）
________________________________________________________
She likes reading books.（改为否定句）
________________________________________________________
My mother cooks dinner at home.（改为一般疑问句）
________________________________________________________
Tom watches TV in the evening.（改为否定句）
________________________________________________________
We have four classes in the morning.（改为一般疑问句）
________________________________________________________
The cat catches mice.（改为否定句）
________________________________________________________
Lucy does her homework every day.（改为一般疑问句）
________________________________________________________
He goes to the park on Sundays.（改为否定句）
________________________________________________________
They play football after school.（改为一般疑问句）
________________________________________________________
参考答案：
一 选择正确的词填空
plays
cooks
go
watches
like
washes
catches
study
drives
sings
rains
do
finishes
have
brushes
doesn't like
Does
Do
plays
rises
don't watch
Does
has
don't do
barks
Do
play
goes
teaches
visit
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
dances
play
doesn't like
Does
sings
get
finishes
Do
washes
don't watch
runs
Does
cooks
don't play
sets
Do
has
doesn't go
like
studies
三、句型转换
He doesn't play basketball every day.
Do they go to school by bike
She doesn't like reading books.
Does my mother cook dinner at home
Tom doesn't watch TV in the evening.
Do we have four classes in the morning
The cat doesn't catch mice.
Does Lucy do her homework every day
He doesn't go to the park on Sundays.
Do they play football after school

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