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小升初英语专题复习
陈述句的构成与句式变化
知识点归纳及专项练习（附答案解析）
一、知识点归纳
（一）陈述句的构成
陈述句一般用于陈述事实或者说话人的看法。包括肯定句和否定句两种形式。陈述句在书写时句末用句号，朗读时降调。
如：I’m a student.→ I’m not a student.
I’m a teacher.→ I’m not a student.
I like reading.→ I don’t like reading.
I like cats.→I don’t like cats.
陈述句一般由主语、谓语动词、宾语、补语、状语等成分构成。
主语一般包括名词或名词性短语、人称代词（I、you、he、she等）、指示代词（this、that）等。
谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词，一般指实义动词（like、eat等）。情态动词（can、should等）、be动词（am、is、are）和助动词（do、does等）只能协助主要动词一起构成谓语动词。
（二）句式变化
1.陈述句的肯定形式
结构 例句
主语+be动词+表语 This is my brother. She is kind and funny.
主语+实义动词（+宾语+其他） I study very hard. He often plays football after class.
主语+情态动词+动词原形（+其他） I can swim very well. She should finish her homework on time.
2.陈述句的否定形式
结构 例句
主语+be动词+not +表语 I’m not a teacher. They are not my new friends.
主语+助动词+not+实义动词原形（+宾语+其他） He doesn’t like maths. They didn’t do their homework last night.
主语+情态动词+not+动词原形（+其他） I can’t swim very well. You should not stay up too late.
二、专项练习
（一）选择题。
1.Most of my friends like very much.
A. take photos B. taking photos
C. takes photos D. taking photoes
2. I want a map of China.
A. buy B. is buying
C. to buy D. am buying
3. This is my toy. It a teddy bear. It_ a small mouth and two big black eyes.
A. has； is B. is； is
C. has； has D. is； has
4.I can't my pen. I think it is lost.
A. find B. look
C. put D. look for
5. Mike usually gets up 8:00 Sundays.
A. for； in B.at；on
C. at； in D. in；of
6. Look at the sign“Danger!” near the river. It means .
A. we should fish by the river B. we can go boating on the river
C. we can swim in the river D. we should be careful by the river
7. You play football on the road.
A. should B. mustn't
C. can D. could
8. We eat or drink in the library. We keep quiet.
A. must；can B. should；shouldn’t
C. shouldn’t；should D. can；must
9.You can something from the book.
A. learn B. learning C. learns D. learned
10.I pens.
A. haven’t B. doesn’t have C. don’t have any D. doesn’t some
11.Jim’s mother housework at home.
A.do B. does C. have D. doing
12. It's time for sports. Let's tennis, shall we
A. plays B. played C. play D. playing
13. The bus is coming. Be careful when you the bus.
A. get on B. get up
C. get to D. get in
14. Mark six lessons on Mondays.
A. have B. doesn't have
C. don't have D. doesn't has
15. My mother make zongzi. She'll teach me how to do it.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
16. Chen Jie to Zhengzhou in two years.
A. will move B. Moves C. move D. moved
17. I sunny this morning. It .
A. was；snowy B. wasn't； snowed
C. wasn't； snowy D. was； snowed
18.—My mother is going to buy a bike for me.
— .
A. Thank you. B. Wow! That's nice.
C. Yes, please. D. Good
19. Tom's address is .
A. 3 Green Park, London, England
B. America, New York, NY Road
C. China, Guilin Road, Changchun
D. Tokyo, Flower Road, Japan
20.The books on the desk. Can you see
A. are；them B. are；they
C.is；them D.is；they
21. There any tomatoes in the fridge. But there some tomato juice in it.
A. are；are B. aren’t；is C. aren't；aren't D.is；are
22. — your brother in the English Club
—Yes, but he go there very often.
A. Does；doesn't B. Does； isn't
C. Is； does D.Is；doesn’t
23. Tom help his mother clean the house.
A. not B. don't C. didn’t D. isn’t
24. We any Chinese classes on Friday.
A. are having B. aren't having
C. don’t have D. are have
35. She like drawing.
A. doesn't B. don't
C. isn’t D. not
36. There any traffic lights here.
A. are B. aren't C. isn’t D.is
37. —How did you spend your weekend
—I to any places. It the whole(全部的) weekend.
A. went； rainy B. weren't go； rainy
C. didn't go； rained D. didn't went；rained
38. She be Helen. She went to the UK yesterday.
A. shouldn't B. can't C. mustn't D. doesn't
39. I always brush my teeth twice a day, but my brother .
A. does B. doesn't C. don't D. isn’t
40. The boy to his teachers at school, but he well at home.
A. listens; doesn't do B. listens; does
C. listen; doesn't do D. listen；does
（二）肯定句改否定句。
41.Tom likes playing basketball.
42.She is reading a book under the tree.
43.They have three cats.
44. My sister can speak three languages.
45. The children played in the park yesterday.
46.He has a red car.
47. There is a lot of water in the bottle.
48. The teacher told us to be quiet.
49. I will go to the party tomorrow.
50.The dog barks loudly at night.
51. Tom did the housework yesterday.
52. Helen did her homework on time yesterday.
53. Mrs. White did housework yesterday.
54.Wendy has lunch with clients（客户）every day.
55.Tom does his homework carefully.
答案解析
1. 答案：B
解析：“like doing sth.”是固定搭配，表示“喜欢做某事”；“photo”的复数是“photos”，因此选“taking photos”。
2. 答案：C
解析：“want to do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“想要做某事”，因此选“to buy”。
3. 答案：D
解析：第一空表示“它是一只泰迪熊”，用“is”；第二空表示“它有一张小嘴和两只大黑眼睛”，“有”用“has”（主语It是第三人称单数）。
4. 答案：A
解析：“find”强调“找到（结果）”，“look for”强调“寻找（动作）”；句中“我认为它丢了” 是结果，因此用“find”。
5. 答案：B
解析：具体时间点前用“at”（如 8:00）；星期前用“on”（如 Sundays），因此选“at； on”。
6. 答案：D
解析：“Danger!”是“危险”的标识，意味着“我们在河边应该小心”，其他选项（钓鱼、划船、游泳）均不符合“危险”的提示。
7. 答案：B
解析：“在马路上踢足球”是危险行为，应该禁止，“mustn’t”表示“禁止”，符合语境。
8. 答案：C
解析：图书馆里“不应该吃喝”（shouldn’t），“应该保持安静”（should），符合图书馆的规则。
9. 答案：A
解析：“can”是情态动词，后接动词原形，因此选“learn”。
10. 答案：C
解析：主语 I 对应的否定形式是“don’t have”；“any” 用于否定句中修饰可数名词复数（pens），因此选“don’t have any”。
11. 答案：B
解析：主语“Jim’s mother”是第三人称单数，“做家务”用“does housework”（do 的第三人称单数形式是does）。
12. 答案：C
解析：“Let's + 动词原形”是固定结构，表示“让我们做某事”，因此选动词原形“play”。
13. 答案：A
解析：get on：表示“登上（公交车、火车等大型交通工具）”；get up：意为 “起床”；get to：意为“到达（某地）”；get in：通常指“进入（汽车等小型交通工具）”。此处是“上公交车”，故选get on。
14. 答案：B
解析：主语“Mark”是第三人称单数，否定实义动词“have”需借助助动词“doesn’t”，且助动词后接动词原形“have”，因此选“doesn’t have”。
15. 答案：D
解析：句中“她会教我做粽子”表明妈妈“具备做粽子的能力”，“can”表示“能够、会”，符合语境；must（必须）、need（需要，后常接to do）、should（应该）均不符合句意。
16. 答案：A
解析：“in two years”（两年后）是将来时间标志，需用一般将来时“will + 动词原形”，因此选“will move”。
17. 答案：B
解析：第一空：“sunny”是形容词，需与 be 动词搭配；“this morning”是过去时间，主语应为“It”（描述天气），对应的 be 动词过去式为“wasn’t”（结合句意“早上不是晴天”）；第二空：“snowed”是动词“snow”的过去式，可直接作谓语，表示“下雪了”。（注：题干中“I”应为“It”的笔误，描述天气需用“It”作主语）
18. 答案：B
解析：对方告知“妈妈要给我买自行车”是好消息，“Wow! That's nice.”（哇！那太棒了）是合适的回应；Thank you（谢谢）、Yes, please（好的，请）、Good（好的）均不符合语境。
19. 答案：A
解析：英文地址的格式为“小地点→大地地点”（门牌号 / 街道→城市→国家）。A 选项（3 Green Park→London→England）符合格式；B、C、D 均将国家 / 城市置于街道前，顺序错误。
20. 答案：A
解析：主语“The books”是复数，be动词用“are”；“see”是动词，后接宾格代词，“they” 的宾格为“them”。
21. 答案：B
解析：第一空后“tomatoes”是复数，“any”用于否定句，故用“aren’t”；第二空后“tomato juice”是不可数名词，故用“is”。
22. 答案：D
解析：第一句“在俱乐部”是状态，用“be in”，主语“your brother”是单数，故用“Is”；第二句“go”是实义动词，否定需借助助动词“doesn’t”（主语为第三人称单数）。
23. 答案：C
解析：“help”是实义动词，否定需借助助动词；主语“Tom”是第三人称单数，“didn’t”（过去式助动词）可接动词原形“help”；A（“not”不能单独否定）、B（“don’t”对应非单数主语）、D（“isn’t”后不能接动词原形）均错误。
24. 答案：C
解析：“周五没语文课”是经常性情况，用一般现在时；主语“We”，实义动词“have”的否定形式为“don’t have”；A/B 是现在进行时，不符合“any”（否定）的语境，D 结构错误。
35. 答案：A
解析：主语“She”是第三人称单数，实义动词“like”的否定形式需借助助动词“doesn’t”。
36. 答案：B
解析：主语“traffic lights”是复数，“any”用于否定句，故“there be”的否定形式为 “aren’t”。
37. 答案：C
解析：问句是过去时，答句需用过去式；“没去任何地方”的正确表达是“didn’t go”（助动词“didn’t”后接动词原形）；“下雨”的过去式为“rained”。
38. 答案：B
解析：句中“她昨天去了英国”是依据，此处表示“否定推测”（她不可能是海伦），“can't” 用于否定推测，意为“不可能”；“shouldn't”（不应该）、“mustn't”（禁止）不符合推测语境，“doesn't”后不能直接接“be”，故选 B。
39. 答案：B
解析：前半句为肯定表述，“but”表转折，后半句需用否定；主语“my brother”是第三人称单数，前文动词为“brush”，故用助动词 “doesn’t”替代“brush my teeth”，体现否定含义。
40. 答案：A
解析：第一空：主语“The boy”是第三人称单数，“listen to”（听）的第三人称单数形式为 “listens”；
第二空：“but”表转折，前文是“在学校听老师的话”，后文对应“在家做得不好”，“do well”（做得好）的否定形式为 “doesn’t do”（主语“he”是第三人称单数）。
41. 答案：Tom doesn't like playing basketball.
解析：一般现在时，主语“Tom”是第三人称单数，实义动词“likes”的否定需借助助动词“doesn't”，动词还原为原形“like”。
42. 答案：She isn't reading a book under the tree.
解析：现在进行时，否定形式为“be 动词 + not”，此处“is”后加“not”，缩写为“isn't”。
43. 答案：They don't have three cats.
解析：一般现在时，主语 “They”是复数，实义动词 “have” 的否定需借助助动词“don't”。
44. 答案：My sister can't speak three languages.
解析：情态动词“can”的否定形式为“can't”（直接在情态动词后加“not”）。
45. 答案：The children didn't play in the park yesterday.
解析：一般过去时，实义动词“played”的否定需借助助动词“didn't”，动词还原为原形“play”。
46. 答案：He doesn't have a red car.
解析：一般现在时，主语“He”是第三人称单数，实义动词“has”的否定需借助助动词“doesn't”，动词还原为原形“have”。
47. 答案：There isn't a lot of water in the bottle.
解析：“There be”句型的否定形式为“be 动词+ not”，此处“is”后加“not”，缩写为“isn't”。
48. 答案：The teacher didn't tell us to be quiet.
解析：句子为一般过去时，实义动词“told”的否定需借助助动词“didn't”，同时动词还原为原形“tell”。
49. 答案：I won't go to the party tomorrow.
解析：句子为一般将来时，“will”的否定形式为“won't”（“will + not”的缩写），直接替换“will”即可。
50. 答案：The dog doesn't bark loudly at night.
解析：句子为一般现在时，主语“The dog”是第三人称单数，实义动词“barks”的否定需借助助动词“doesn't”，同时动词还原为原形“bark”。
51. 答案：Tom didn't do the housework yesterday.
解析：句子为一般过去时，实义动词“did”的否定需借助助动词“didn't”，同时动词还原为原形“do”。
52. 答案：Helen didn't do her homework on time yesterday.
解析：句子为一般过去时，实义动词“did”的否定需借助助动词“didn't”，同时动词还原为原形“do”。
53. 答案：Mrs. White didn't do housework yesterday.
解析：句子为一般过去时，实义动词“did”的否定需借助助动词“didn't”，同时动词还原为原形“do”。
54. 答案：Wendy doesn't have lunch with clients every day.
解析：句子为一般现在时，主语“Wendy”是第三人称单数，实义动词“has”的否定需借助助动词“doesn't”，同时动词还原为原形“have”。
55. 答案：Tom doesn't do his homework carefully.
解析：句子为一般现在时，主语“Tom”是第三人称单数，实义动词“does”的否定需借助助动词“doesn't”，同时动词还原为原形“do”。

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