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Section C　Lesson 2　Top Five Secrets of Success
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ adj. 杂交的
n. 杂交种；混合体
2．____________ n. 最少量；最小数；最低限度
3．____________ vt. 拒绝接受
4．____________ n. 合同；契约
5．____________ vt. 说服；使确信
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ v．影响；支配　n．影响力；有影响力的人→________ adj.有影响力的
2．________ vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于→________ n．关爱；奉献；专心→________ adj.忠诚的；全心全意的
3．________ vt.生产，制造→________ n．生产；产量→________ n．产品
4．________ v．成为……的动机；激励，激发→________n．动机→________ adj.积极的，主动的→________ adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的
5．________ vt.限制，限定→________ n．限制，限定→________ adj.有限的→________ adj.无限制的
6．________ vt.说服；使确信→________ adj.确信的，信服的→________ adj.有说服力的，使人信服的
7．champion n．冠军→________ n．冠军称号，冠军地位
8．reject vt.拒绝接受→________ n．拒绝　(同义) refuse
9．attract vt.吸引→________ vt.分散(思想)，转移(注意力)→________ n．使人分心的事物　(生义)n.消遣
10．________ vt.出版　(生义)v.发表→________ n.出版商
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________ 成功的五大秘诀
2．________________ 最有影响力的科学家之一
3．________________ 他毕生致力于水稻生产
4．________________ 消除饥饿
5．________________ 获得三次大的世界冠军
6．________________ 给她一份合同
7．________________ 在低谷
8．________________ 这是非常鼓舞人心的
将英文短语译成汉语
1．have vision and determination ________________
2．start one's business ________________
3．be committed to... ________________
4．give him a big advantage over... ________________
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．influential adj.有影响力的　influence v．影响；支配　n．影响力；有影响力的人
(教材原句)Take Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, one of the most influential scientists in agriculture, for example.
以杂交水稻之父、农业领域最有影响力的科学家之一袁隆平为例。
an influential figure 有影响力的人物
a highly influential book 一本十分有影响力的书
be influential in (doing) sth. 对(做)某事有影响
influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事
influence sb. in sth. 在……方面影响某人
the influence on 对……的影响
under the influence of 在……的影响之下
have an influence on/upon 对……有影响
have an influence over 有左右……的力量；
对……有影响
The factor is influential in reaching a decision.
这一因素对做出决定是有影响的。
She is one of the most influential figures in local politics.
她是本地政坛举足轻重的人物之一。
Influential friends helped him to get a good job.
有权势的朋友们帮他弄到一份美差。
What influenced you to do so？是什么影响你这么做？
Her parents tried to influence her in her choice of university.
她父母试图影响她对大学的选择。
[语境助记]
Emma says it's challenging to be a health expert, because people can be easily influenced by advertisements that lack scientific support.
埃玛说，作为一名健康专家很有挑战性，因为人们很容易受到缺乏科学依据的广告的影响。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The education I have received is ________ (influence) in forming my character.
②He begins writing ________ the influence of his friend, Robert Frost.
③You are the leader and only you can be influential ________ the decision.
④His teaching methods still have a strong influence ________ young people.
完成句子
⑤He committed the crime ______________________ (在……的影响下) alcohol.
⑥What my parents said and did ________________________ (影响我努力学习).
2．devote vt.把……奉献给；专心致力于；把……用于　devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的　devotion n．奉献；忠心；热爱
(教材原句)For more than 50 years, he has devoted his life to rice production...50多年来，他致力于水稻生产……
devote one's life/time/energy to...
把生命/时间/精力献给(用于)……
devote oneself to... 专心于/献身于……
be devoted to 专心于/致力于……的；献身于……的
be devoted to sb. 深爱某人
a devoted son 孝子
a devoted friend 忠诚的朋友
He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.
他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生奉献给这门学科。
He devoted all his spare time to helping his students with their English.
他把所有的业余时间都用来帮助他的学生学英语。
She was devoted to her mother and looked after her for many years.她深爱着她的母亲并照顾了她很多年。
Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time.
她全身心投入工作，几乎没有闲暇。
[误区警示]　他专心致志地学习英语。
He devotes his attention to study English．(×)
He devotes his attention to studying English．(√)
He devotes his attention to the study of English．(√)
devote...to中to是介词，其后只能接名词或动名词作宾语，而不能接动词原形。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Every time I saw him, he always devoted ________ (he) to his work.
②Half of these plots are devoted to ________ (raise) improved seeds.
③We looked up to you as a shining example of devotion ________ the scientific cause.
④Leslie Nielsen's ________ (devote) to acting is wonderfully inspiring.
⑤This department of the store is ________ (devote) to machine tools and engineering needs.
⑥He ____________ (devote) to the cause of education for many years.
3．minimum n．最少量；最小数；最低限度　adj.最少的；最低限度的　maximum n．最大量；最大限度　adj.最高的；最大极限的
(教材原句)．..you need to practise for a minimum of 10，000 hours.……你需要练习至少10 000小时。
a minimum of 至少；最少的
at a minimum 最少；最低限度
to the minimum/maximum 到最小/大值；最小/大限度地
be at a minimum 处于最低限度
at the minimum cost 以最低的成本
keep...to a minimum 把……保持在最低限度
reduce...to a minimum 把……减少到最小/低限度
The class needs a minimum of six students to continue.
这个班最少需要六名学生才可以继续办下去。
At a minimum, we must recruit two new teachers.
我们最起码应该招两名新教师。
The minimum number of students we need to run the course is fifteen.我们开这门课程最少要有15个学生。
The job will require you to use all your skills to the maximum.
这项工作将要求你最大限度地发挥你所有的技能。,[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Repairing your car will cost ________ minimum of 100 dollars.
②You should use your work experience ________ the maximum to achieve your goal.
③Their strategy is designed to achieve its ends ________ a minimum cost.
完成句子
④The paper will be two thousand words ________________ (至少).
4．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用；冷落；排斥　n．废品，次品　rejection n．拒绝，嫌弃
(教材原句)．..the author J．K. Rowling didn't listen to the negative comments from the twelve publishers who rejected her books.……作家J.K.罗琳没有听信拒绝她书的那12家出版商的负面评论。
(1)reject one's idea/suggestion/plan
拒绝接受某人的想法/建议/计划
reject
reject sb. 拒绝某人
be rejected by 被……拒绝
be firmly rejected 被断然拒绝
(2)a rejection letter 一封回绝信
rejection reaction 排异反应
He was afraid she would reject him because he was a foreigner.
他担心她会因他是外国人而拒绝他。
Children feel abandoned or rejected if they don't see their parents regularly.
小孩子如果不能经常见到父母，就会感到被遗弃或冷落。
He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.
他因怕遭拒绝而决定不再去找她。
[比较]　reject/refuse
(1)reject vt.正式用词，“摒弃，不采用，不使用”，不可接不定式作宾语；
(2)refuse vi. & vt.普通用词，“拒绝”，可接不定式作宾语。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①When her husband left home, she felt ________ (reject) and useless.
②However, the offer ________ (reject) by Dr Lin, who wanted to serve the women and children at home.
③Although writing a ________ (reject) letter can be difficult, there are situations where it's absolutely necessary.
④The prime minister ________ (reject) any idea of reforming the system.
选词填空：reject/refuse
⑤I absolutely ________ to take part in anything that's illegal.
⑥When she was sent to a boarding school, she felt ________ by her parents.
5．limit vt.& n．限制，限定
(教材原句)．..such as making to-do lists and limiting time on social networking and other distractions.……如制订待办事项清单，限制社交网络和其他干扰活动的时间。
limit...to... 把……限定在……
set a limit to/on 设定……的限度；限制，控制
within (the) limits 不超出限度/有一定限制
beyond/over the limit 超过限度
without limits 无节制地
to the limit 达到极限
There is a/no limit to... ……是有/无限度的。(to是介词)
We must limit the expense to what we can afford.
我们必须把开销限制在我们的经济能力范围内。
The author will limit himself to discussion of these two topics.
作者只准备讨论这两个题目。
Set a limit to the number of tasks you take on each day and stick to it.
给你每天要做的事情在数量上设定一个限度，然后坚持下去。
She has to work within the limits of a fairly tight budget.
她不得不在相当紧张的预算范围内精打细算。
There is no limit to what we can accomplish if we work hard enough.只要足够努力，我们就能做成任何事。
[单词积累]　limited adj.有限的
limitless adj.无限制的
limitation n．限制
My life is limited, but learning is limitless.
吾生有涯，而知无涯。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We must set a limit ________ the expense of the trip.
②I'll help as much as I can, but there's ________ limit to what I can do.
③All the talk had been about the ________ (limit) of nuclear weapons.
④The noise of your radio must ________ (limit) to a level that we can all bear.
⑤There is a limit ________ what one person can do.
⑥My knowledge of running a restaurant is ________ (limit).
6．convince vt.使确信；使信服；说服　convinced adj.确信的，信服的　convincing adj.有说服力的，使人信服的
(教材原句)…you've convinced me to read this book!
……你说服了我去读这本书！
convince
be convinced of... 确信……；相信……
be convinced that... 确信……
be/feel firmly convinced that... 确信……；笃信……；坚信……
a convincing
We were able to convince the students of the need for extensive reading.
我们能让学生们认识到广泛阅读的必要性。
I think you will help me convince my uncle to leave.
我认为你会帮我说服我叔叔离开。
I could not convince my father that there was no need for him to go there.我无法使父亲相信他没有必要去那儿。
[一言辨异]　In order to convince us of his honesty, he gave us several convincing cases which could make us convinced of it.
为了使我们相信他的诚实，他给我们列举了几个有说服力的事例，这些事例可以使我们相信他的诚实。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I've been trying to convince him ________ (see) a doctor.
②You'll need to convince them ________ your enthusiasm for the job.
③Johnson's ________ (convince) speech won most of the committee over to his opinions.
④I'm not ________ (convince) that your idea will work, but I'll keep an open mind for the moment.
完成句子
⑤Scientists ________________ (相信) the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.
7．motivating adj.起激励作用的；激发(人)的　motivate v．激励，激发　motivation n．动机
(教材原句)I think it's very useful and motivating.
我认为这很有用并且它很激励人。
motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
be motivated by... 受……激励/激发；出于……的动机
one's motivation for (doing)... 某人(做)……的动机
lose motivation for doing sth. 失去做某事的动机(兴趣)
lack motivation in sth. 在某事上缺乏积极性
I like the music; It's motivating.
我喜欢此音乐；它很有激励作用。
His greed for money motivated him to do such a thing.
他对钱的贪欲促使他做了这种事。
He lacks motivation in his study.他学习上没有积极性。
We don't understand his motivation for doing such a thing.
我们不懂他做此事的动机。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①A ________ (motivate) manager knows how to help others make things happen.
②The plan is designed ________ (motivate) employees to work more efficiently.
③Many of the boys have a very strong ________ (motivate) ________ football.
④His strong motivation ________ (succeed) made him work hard day and night.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．His presentation ran over the time ________ (限制).
2．You must reject ________ (使人分心的事物) and concentrate on your work at hand.
3．I sincerely hope this will ________ (使信服) you to change your mind.
4．Two top competitors have been disqualified from the ________ (冠军称号) after positive drug tests.
5．I'm only on a temporary ________ (合同) and barely have a say in the team.
6．The host's proposal is not ________ (起激励作用的) to the guests.
7．He is regarded as one of the most ________ (有影响力的) film directors of his generation.
8．The astronaut ________ (把……奉献给) his life to serving his country.
9．My nephew needs ￡200 ________ (最小量) for his holiday expenses.
10．It was so hard to find a ________ (出版商) for her first novel that she felt depressed.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be influential in, be rejected by, devote one's life to, be motivated by, limit...to, convince...of
1．The competitor ____________ the company because of his poor eyesight last year.
2．The fact ____________ reaching a contract.
3．You are advised to ________ your presentation ________ 10 minutes.
4．It is generally accepted that ambitious people ____________ success.
5．The professor ____________ academic research.
6．You can never ____________ the alcoholics ____________ the bad effect of excessive drinking.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．The tests show that the social environment is extremely ________ (influence) when we're making decisions.
2．In the future, I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, ________ (devote) myself to my work.
3．He says it's not easy to convince people ________ nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.
4．Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay ________ (motivate) after one or two nights.
5．Many people in China have ________ (limit) exposure to English.
6．I felt some kind of relief and convinced him ________ his capability to fulfil this ambition since he had had sufficient practice and strong determination.
7．All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to ________ (protect) oceans.
8．It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables ________ (reject) by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．__________________________________________ (为了帮助更多的贫困儿童), the rich man set up the charity.
2．Having so little money to spend on a car does __________________________________ (萨姆只能买一辆二手车).
3．All the staff ______________________________________________________________
(都深信这次改革会给他们带来一个新的开始).
4．____________________ (他跑步的动机) is to build up his body.
5．The organs ________ automatically ________ by the immune system (这些器官受到免疫系统的自动排斥).
Section C　Lesson 2　Top Five Secrets of Success
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．hybrid　2.minimum　3.reject　4.contract　5.convince
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．influence; influential　2.devote; devotion; devoted
3．produce; production; product　4.motivate; motivation; motivated; motivating　5.limit; limit/limitation; limited; limitless
6．convince; convinced; convincing　7.championship　
8．rejection　9.distract; distraction　10.publish; publisher
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．top five secrets of success　2.one of the most influential scientists　3.devote his life to rice production　4.remove hunger　5.win three major world championships　6.give her a contract　7.at the bottom　8.it's very motivating
1．有远见和决心　2.开办某人的企业　3.致力于……
4．给了他相比……很大的优势
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①influential　②under　③in　④on/upon　⑤under the influence of　⑥influenced me to work hard at lessons
2．①himself　②raising　③to　④devotion　⑤devoted
⑥has been devoted
3．①a　②to　③at　④at a minimum
4．①rejected　②was rejected　③rejection　④rejected
⑤refuse　⑥rejected
5．①to/on　②a　③limitation　④be limited　⑤to　⑥limited
6．①to see　②of　③convincing　④convinced　⑤are convinced of
7．①motivating　②to motivate　③motivation; for/in
④to succeed
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．limit　2.distractions　3.convince　4.championship
5．contract　6.motivating　7.influential　8.devoted
9．minimum　10.publisher
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．was rejected by　2.is influential in　3.limit; to　4.are motivated by　5.devoted his life to　6.convince; of
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．答案与解析：influential　形容词作表语。句意：这些测试表明，在我们做决定时社会环境有极大的影响。
2．答案与解析：devoting　主语I与devote之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。句意：在未来，我将成为一名救死扶伤的好医生，致力于我的工作。
3．答案与解析：that　convince sb. that使某人相信……。句意：他说，让人们相信海狸鼠的毛是环保的并不容易，但他对此毫不怀疑。
4．答案与解析：motivated　连系动词stay后接形容词作表语。motivated主动的，积极的。句意：除非你能睡个好觉，否则一两个晚上之后，你就会丧失集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性的能力。
5．答案与解析：limited　修饰名词exposure应该用形容词形式，故填limited。句意：许多中国人接触英语的机会有限。
6．答案与解析：of　convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事，为固定搭配。句意：我感到有些宽慰，并让他相信他有能力实现这个抱负，因为他有足够的练习和坚定的决心。
7．答案与解析：protecting　devote oneself to doing sth.致力于做某事，为固定搭配。句意：总之，我们是时候致力于保护海洋了。
8．答案与解析：rejected　分析语境可知，此处________ by grocers是分词短语作后置定语，修饰vegetables，因为蔬菜是“被拒绝”的，故用过去分词形式。句意：令人瞠目结舌的是，有多少非常好的食物被扔掉——从被食品杂货商拒绝接受的“丑陋”(但还可以食用)的蔬菜，到大量没吃完的被扔进餐馆垃圾桶的菜。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Devoted to helping more poor children
2．limit Sam to a used/second-hand car
3．are convinced that the reform will bring them a new start
4．His motivation for running
5．are; rejectedSection A　Topic Talk
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 职业，事业
2．____________ adj. 遵守纪律的
3．____________ n. 伤，损害
4．____________ adj. 坚守的；尽心尽力的
5．____________ n. 雇员
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.决定，决心→________ adj.坚定的，坚决的→________ n．决心
2．________ adj.乐观的，乐观主义的→________ adv.乐观地→________ n．乐观；乐观主义→________ n．乐观的人；乐天派
3．________ vt.做(错事)，犯(罪)；承诺→________ n．承诺；奉献→________ adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的
4．________ v．管教→________ n．纪律→________ adj.遵守纪律的
5．________ adj.热心的，热衷的→________ adv.热心地，热衷地→________ n．热心，热情，热忱→________ n．热心者；爱好者
6．________ adj.有抱负的，有雄心的→________ n.志向，抱负；夙愿
7．________ vt.感激；欣赏→________ n．感激；欣赏→________ adj.感激的
8．________ vt.使受伤；伤害；损害→________ adj.受伤的→________ n．伤，损害
9．________ vi.合作；协助；配合→________ n．合作，协作→________ adj.合作的，协助的
10．________ vt.雇用；使忙于；使从事于→________ n．雇员→________ n．雇主→________ adj.失业的→________ n．雇用→________ n．失业
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________ 成功的关键
2．________________ 坚持不懈
3．________________ 从事一个项目
4．________________ 过成功的生活
5．________________ 我认为……
6．________________ 对……感激
7．________________ 对生活保持积极态度
8．________________ 很有道理
9．________________ 尽管多次受伤
10．________________ 某人的投入
11．________________ 坚定而又专注
12．________________ 热情而又雄心勃勃
将英文短语译成汉语
1．come up with a few tips　　　________________
2．be passionate about ________________
3．in one's effort ________________
4．at a very young age ________________
5．believe in oneself ________________
6．remain committed ________________
7．follow these tips ________________
8．how to achieve success ________________
9．be optimistic about ________________
10．become an astronaut ________________
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．determined adj.坚定的，坚决的　determine vt.决定，决心；确定　determination n．决心；决定，确定
(教材原句)be passionate and determined about what you do 对你所做的事情充满激情和决心
(1)be determined
make you more determined 让你更坚定
a determined effort to do sth. 坚决做某事的努力
(2)determine to do sth. 决定/决心做某事
determine on (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
determine that... 决定……
be determined by 由……决定
(3)with determination 坚决地
have the determination to do sth. 有决心做某事
We are determined that the work should be completed ahead of time.我们决心把这项工作提前完成。
We are determined to defend our motherland at all costs.
我们决心不惜任何代价保卫我们的祖国。
The employee quitted his job with determination because of salary.由于薪水问题，这名雇员毅然辞掉了工作。
Have you determined the date of the wedding
你们确定婚礼的日期了吗？
Your success is mostly determined by the efforts that you make.你的成功取决于你所付出的努力。
His determination to go to college is firm.
他读大学的决心是坚定的。
I have the determination to finish the work well on time.
我有决心很好地按时完成工作。
[语境助记]
Determined to increase the production of rice, Yuan Longping, with his team, overcame many difficulties.
一心想要增加稻米产量，袁隆平和他的团队克服了很多困难。
The determination of the title for the book is the first thing we will do at the meeting.
书名的确定是会上我们要做的第一件事。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Paul was fond of Chinese culture, so he determined ________ (settle) in China.
②His ________ (determine) remains as strong as ever despite all the setbacks he has encountered.
③Sports teach us to accept challenges and face difficulties ________ determination.
完成句子
④Sandra ____________________ (决心) become a doctor and her persistence paid off.
⑤He ______________________ (决心) the same mistake would not be repeated.
2．optimistic adj.乐观的，乐观主义的　optimism n．乐观；乐观主义　optimist n．乐观的人；乐天派,optimistically adv.乐观地　反义词：pessimistic adj.悲观的
be optimistic about/that... 对……乐观
express optimism about 对……表示乐观
He was always optimistic, even when things were at their worst.他即使在情况最糟糕的时候也总是很乐观。
She's not very optimistic about the outcome of the talks.
她对会谈的结果不太乐观。
They are cautiously optimistic that the reforms will take place.他们对实行改革表示审慎的乐观。
Both parties expressed optimism about the eventual solution.双方对最终的解决方案都表示乐观。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He ________ (optimistic) considered it a temporary phenomenon.
②Doctors are not optimistic ________ the results of the operation.
③I am an ________ (optimism), but on this day my faith was shaken.
④At the airport, he expressed ________ (optimistic) about the talks.
3．committed adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的　commit v．犯(罪)；把……送进；承诺　commitment n．投入，奉献；承诺
(1)be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事
a committed
(2)commit a crime 犯罪
commit suicide/murder 自杀/谋杀
commit a mistake/an error 犯错误
commit sb. to... 把某人送进(医院或监狱等)
commit sb./oneself to do/doing sth.
承诺某人/某人自己做某事
commit to sb./sth. 忠于某人/物
(3)make a commitment (to sb.) (对某人)作出承诺
a sense of commitment 使命感；责任感
carry out one's commitment 履行某人的承诺
This development area is committed to creating a perfect investment environment.
这个开发区致力于创造一个完美的投资环境。
They are committed socialists.他们是坚定的社会主义者。
He is still committed to the struggle for the equal rights of the black.他仍然致力于为黑人争取平等权利的斗争。
He has committed a crime and should be sent to prison.
他犯了罪，应该被送进监狱。
She committed herself body and soul to fighting for the cause.她全心全意为这一事业而奋斗。
You cannot imagine his commitment to work.
你无法想象他的敬业精神。
They are looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job.他们正在找对这份工作真正有责任感的人。
[语境助记]　
Let me repeat that we are fully committed to this policy.
我再说一遍，我们完全拥护这项政策。
The government committed itself to reduce taxes.政府承诺要减少赋税。
He has made a commitment to work hard at his lessons and will carry out the commitment to the end.他已承诺努力学习功课并将把此承诺履行到底。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The government can't commit any more money ________ improving the National Health Service.
②He quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was ________ (commit) to practising it.
③But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable ________ (commit).
完成句子
④He ____________________________ (献身于) the cause of modernising the country's industry.
⑤We ________________________ (致力于) beautifying our environment now.
4．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的　enthusiastically adv.热情地　enthusiasm n．热情，热忱　enthusiast n．热心人；爱好者
be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对(做)某事热心
an enthusiastic
be greeted enthusiastically 受到……的热烈欢迎
have/lose enthusiasm for (doing) sth. 有/失去(做)某事的热情
with enthusiasm 热情地
be full of enthusiasm 充满热情
Many people are enthusiastic about online shopping because of its convenience.很多人热衷于网购的原因在于其便利性。
He joined in the class discussion enthusiastically.
他热情地参加了班级讨论。
If you have enthusiasm for English, why not come and join our club？如果你对英语有热情，为什么不来加入我们的俱乐部呢？
With the help of the enthusiast, I had no difficulty finding his home.在这个热心人的帮助下，我毫不费力地找到了他的家。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I gathered from the way she replied that she wasn't very ________ (enthusiasm).
②The audience cheered him ________ (enthusiastic).
③She seemed lacking in ________ (enthusiastic) when we were talking about that film.
④She is enthusiastic ________ the new teaching method.
⑤The journalist has no enthusiasm ________ his present work.
5．ambitious adj.有抱负的，有雄心的；野心勃勃的　ambition n．志向，抱负；夙愿
(1)be ambitious for 渴望得到……；对……野心勃勃
be ambitious to do sth. 渴望/雄心勃勃地做某事
young and ambitious 年轻有抱负
(2)a lack of ambition 缺乏抱负
be full of ambition 充满野心
achieve one's ambition 实现某人的抱负
have the ambition to do sth. 有雄心做某事
Her parents were intensely ambitious for her and her younger sister.她的父母对她和她妹妹有着很高的期望。
She is ambitious to succeed in life as a woman journalist.
她渴望自己作为一名女新闻工作者在生活中取得成功。
He is an ambitious young man full of enthusiasm and vitality.他是个充满热情与活力的有远大抱负的青年。
She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition.
她很聪明，但是缺乏远大志向。
She never achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer.她一直未能实现当著名作家的夙愿。
[拓展]　
an ambitious yet simple time
一个雄心勃勃而又简单的时代
have no ambition to do sth.
完全不想做某事
one's ambition is to be/do...
某人的理想是成为……/做……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①His ambition is ________ (become) a successful scientist.
②She is ambitious ________ (get) through high school in two years.
③When he was only a kid, he had the ambition ________ (become) a doctor.
④One of his greatest ________ (ambition) is to be admitted into a key university.
⑤His latest book The Social Animal, however, is ________ (ambitious) and serious than his earlier books.
⑥Only when you have the ________ (ambitious)to be successful can you be successful eventually.
6．appreciative adj.感激的，感谢的；赏识的，欣赏的　appreciate vt.感激；欣赏；领会　appreciation n．欣赏；感激；评价
(教材原句)Well, being grateful means you're always appreciative of what you have and what other people have done for you.噢，感恩意味着你总是感激你所拥有的和别人为你所做的事情。
(1)be appreciative of 感激……
(2)appreciate (sb.) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激。
(3)show appreciation to 向……表示感激
in appreciation of 感激；欣赏
We have been very appreciative of their support.
我们对他们的支持一直非常感激。
The company was very appreciative of my efforts.
公司对我的努力十分赞赏。
His talents are not fully appreciated in that company.
他的才干在那家公司未受到充分赏识。
I would greatly appreciate it if you could send me the application form as soon as possible.
如果您能尽快寄来申请表，我将不胜感激。
Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you've done for us.承蒙鼎力相助，不胜感激，谨备薄礼，敬请笑纳。
[学法点拨]　appreciate、hate、love、like、dislike、prefer等词后通常先接it再接when或if引导的从句，it指代后面从句的内容。
appreciate/like/hate＋it＋从句
Mike hates it when his wife calls him at work.
迈克不喜欢妻子在上班时给他打电话。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Tom is genuinely ________ (appreciate) of all the success he's had.
②I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
③I'm writing to show my sincere ________ (appreciate) for the book you gave me before you left China.
④The manager gave him a gold watch ________ appreciation of his dedication to the company.
⑤This is often ________ (appreciate) since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served.
7．injury n．伤，损害　injure vt.使受伤；伤害；损害　injured adj.受伤的
(1)protect...from injury 防止……受伤
have/suffer an injury 受伤
treat an injury 疗伤
recover from an injury
＝make a recovery from an injury 从伤病中恢复
a head/leg/shoulder injury 头部/腿部/肩部受伤
cause an injury 造成伤害
do sb./oneself an injury 使某人/自己受伤
receive an injury to ……受到伤害
(2)injure one's knee 某人的膝盖受伤
be/get badly/seriously injured 严重受伤
the injured 伤员
The training is super hard, but the hardest part for me is that I got an injury，the injury which may take me out for years.
训练是非常艰苦的，但对我来说最艰苦的是我受了伤，这个伤可能会让我好几年无法比赛。
The driver of the car received serious injuries to the arms and legs.汽车司机的双臂和双腿严重受伤。
This could seriously injure the company's reputation.
这会严重损害公司的声誉。
Many of the injured are still in a serious condition.
很多伤者仍然情况危急。(“the＋adj.”表示一类人)
[提示]　“the＋adj./p.p.”表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
[比较]　injure/wound/hurt
(1)injure 指在事故中受伤；
(2)wound 指用刀、枪等武器造成的伤害；
(3)hurt 指身体或精神受伤。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The victim suffered a dreadful ________ (injure) and lost a lot of blood.
②He ________ (injure) in the first game and unluckily missed the final.
③It was a race against the clock whether the doctor would get to the accident soon enough to save the ________ (injure) man.
④I've been lucky enough to avoid any other serious ________ (injury).
选词填空：injure/wound/hurt
⑤Five people were killed and many others were seriously ________ in the attack.
⑥She's afraid she's going to be ________ and that she'll never fall in love again.
⑦The people who were ________ in the traffic accident have been sent to hospital immediately.
8．cooperation n．合作，协作；配合　cooperate vi.合作；协助；配合　cooperative adj.合作的，协助的
(教材原句)By working with others you develop a lot of key skills, cooperation, communication, building agreement and others.通过与他人合作，你可以培养很多关键技能、加强合作和沟通以及达成共识等。
(1)business/project cooperation 商务/项目合作
seek/promote cooperation 寻求/促进合作
active/close/economic/technical/international cooperation 积极/密切/经济/技术/国际合作
in cooperation with 与……合作
(2)cooperate with 与……协作/合作
cooperate in/on 在……方面合作
cooperate to do sth. 合作做某事
a cooperative partner 合作伙伴
a cooperative activity 协作活动
You see, a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.你看，一点儿尊重和合作就能把工作做得更好。
We would like to see closer cooperation between parents and schools.我们希望看到家长和学校之间有更加紧密的合作。
The two groups agreed to cooperate with each other.
这两个组同意相互协作。
The two companies are cooperating in the development of a new engine.两家公司正在合作开发一种新的发动机。
We are cooperating on a research project.
我们正在合作搞一个科研项目。
[语境助记]
Adult education is run in cooperation with the extramural departments of the universities.
成人教育是和大学校外课程部合办的。
They'll cooperate to build a water-factory.
他们将合作修建一个水厂。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The school was very ________ (cooperate) when we made a film there.
②If they can cooperate ________ each other, everything should run smoothly.
③We would be grateful for your ________ (cooperate) in clearing the hall as quickly as possible.
④I'll be very glad if you cooperate ________ the development of this kind of new plan.
⑤Two well-known firms of drug manufactures are cooperating ________ (find) a cure for cancer.
⑥The workers, ________ cooperation with the managers, have increased output by 10 per cent.
第二版块|重要短语
1．make sense 有意义；解释得通；易于理解
(教材原句)Ahh.Yes，that makes a lot of sense.
啊。是的，那很有道理。
make no sense 没道理，没意义
make sense of 理解；明白；弄懂
make sense to sb. 对某人有意义
in a sense 在某种意义上
in no sense 决不
common sense 常识
a sense of humour/direction 幽默感/方向感
There's no sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没道理/没意义。
She doesn't talk much, but what she says makes sense.
她讲话不多，但言之有理。
This word doesn't make sense in this sentence.
在这个句子中，这个词讲不通。
The plot of the movie was so complicated that it made no sense.这部电影的情节是如此复杂，以至于很难理解。
Please make sense of these marks on paper immediately.
请马上弄清纸上这些符号的意义。
You are right in a sense, but you don't know all the facts.在某种意义上你是对的，但你不了解全部事实。
It's common sense to dress more warmly when it gets cold.天冷了要穿得暖和一点儿，这是常识。
There is no sense in asking questions if you don't listen to the answer.如果你不听答案，提问则毫无意义。
[语境助记]　
In no sense should such a thing be allowed to happen in our school.
这种事情决不允许发生在我们学校。(in no sense置于句首，引起部分倒装)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Can you make sense ________ what this author says
②I don't think it makes sense ________ you to buy so big a house.
③There is no sense ________ (force) yourself to get what you don't want.
④________ no sense did he realise he had made such a serious mistake.
完成句子
⑤Planning so far ahead ________________ (无意义)—so many things will have changed by next year.
⑥You can ask the teacher to speak slowly so that you can __________________________(弄懂他所说的).
2)the key to……的关键
说明：the key to...中的to为介词，后跟名词或代词，有这种搭配的短语还有：
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the solution to the problem 问题的解决办法
the entrance to... ……的入口
the approach to... ……的方法
the way to... 通往……的路
The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.
成功闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人建立(良好)关系，而不仅仅是与他们交流。
I expect a straight answer to a straight question.
我希望问得直率，答得也坦诚。
His plan does not offer a real solution to the problem.
他的计划并未提出一个真正解决问题的方法。
He was waiting at the entrance to the cave.他在洞口等候。
Some teachers have a more traditional approach to teaching.有些老师采用较为传统的教学方法。
The student is on the way to school.
这位学生正在上学途中。
[拓展]　
key to sth. 对……起关键作用
in a low key用低调
the key of...……调子
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Can you try it ________ a lower key
②The key changes ________ C major ________ A minor.
完成句子
③They were seeking an ultimate __________________________ (解决方案) the city's traffic problem.
④Language is __________________________________ (理解你周围人的关键).
⑤First-time voters could ____________________________ (对……起关键作用) the election result.
第三版块|典型句式
　It＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式．
(教材原句)It's easier to get to the top when you're shooting for the top.
当你朝着顶峰努力的时候，你会更容易到达顶峰。
It's necessary (for us students) to learn English well.
(对我们这些学生来说)，学好英语是必要的。
[归纳拓展]　it作形式主语时的常见句型：
①It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句．
②It＋be＋名词词组＋主语从句．，这类名词词组有a fact、a pity、a shame、an honour、a question等。
③It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句．，这类过去分词有announced、believed、expected、hoped、reported、said、shown等。
④It＋不及物动词(appear、happen等)＋主语从句．
⑤It＋be＋形容词＋for sb.＋动词不定式．，这类形容词有easy、difficult、 hard、important、possible、vital、lucky等。
⑥It＋be＋形容词＋of sb.＋动词不定式．，这类形容词常是表示心理品质和性格特征的形容词，如kind、stupid、rude、foolish、polite、selfish、considerate等。
⑦It＋be＋名词(词组)或形容词＋动名词．，这类名词(词组)或形容词常常是good、no good、no use、useless、senseless等。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It's easier ________ (say) than to do.
②With such busy lives, it can be hard ________ (try) and find the time to work out.
③It is a pity ________ you are rejected by the company.
④It is vital ________ (remain) optimistic when you are struggling.
⑤It ________ (report) that the competitors will come to visit our school.
⑥It is rude ________ you to talk to your teacher like that.
⑦It is lucky ________ him to get support from his family constantly.
⑧It is no use ________ (cry) over spilt milk.
⑨It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I need your ________ (合作) to make this presentation a success.
2．The number of ________ (雇员) is increasing constantly.
3．The host gave the unexpected guest an ________ (热心的，热情的) reception.
4．She's very ________ (有雄心的)but in reality she never makes it to the top.
5．We are very ________ (感激的)of those astronauts for their commitment.
6．Two competitors are out of the team because of ________ (伤).
7．My niece is ________ (坚持不懈的)and passionate about her career.
8．His ________ (坚定的)look showed that he could handle the problem on his own.
9．The employees are ________ (乐观的) about the company's future.
10．Those freshmen in the dorm are well ________ (遵守纪律的).
Ⅱ.短语填空
be grateful to, be committed to, full of ambition, be determined to, make sense, the key to
1．I ____________ get the work done without delay.
2．He ____________ his scientific research.
3．Success favors those who are ____________．
4．His presentation doesn't ____________．
5．____________ success is your commitment and persistence.
6．I ____________ you for your invitation.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the ________ (commit) Wilson made to preventing the preventable.
2．But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to ________ (practice) it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
3．Write a poem about how courage, ________ (determine), and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
4．See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn't make sense ________ (buy) the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
5．Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer ________ (injure).
6．Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't been ________ enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
7．I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my ________ (enthusiastic) for the theatre with others.
8．Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ________ (ambition) sportsmen.
9．The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international ________ (cooperate) and cultural exchanges.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．他们的观点都有道理，所以很难从中选出最好的。
Their opinions ____________________________， so it is really hard to choose the best of them.
2．那家美国公司陷入了困境，决定与中国公司合作以开发他们的新产品。
Getting into trouble, the American company has decided to develop their new product ________________________．
3．经历失败后，桑迪决心把她的新想法付诸实践。
Having experienced failure, Sandy ________________________．
4．医院已承诺为病人提供最好的医疗服务。
The hospital ______________________________ to provide the best possible medical care for its patients.
5．雄心勃勃要实现目标的人往往具有成功的内在动力。
People ________________________ tend to have the internal motivation to succeed.
Section A　Topic Talk
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．career　2.disciplined　3.injury　4.committed　5.employee
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．determine; determined; determination　2.optimistic; optimistically; optimism; optimist　3.commit; commitment; committed　
4．discipline; discipline; disciplined　5.enthusiastic; enthusiastically; enthusiasm; enthusiast　6.ambitious; ambition　7.appreciate; appreciation; appreciative　8.injure; injured; injury　9.cooperate; cooperation; cooperative　10.employ; employee; employer; unemployed; employment; unemployment
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．the key to success　2.be persistent　3.work on a project　4.lead a successful life　5.I suppose...　6.be appreciative of
7．stay positive about life　8.make a lot of sense　9.despite many injuries　10.one's commitment　11.committed and focused　12.enthusiastic and ambitious
1．想出几点建议　2.对……有激情　3.在某人的努力下
4．在很年轻时　5.相信自己　6.保持坚定　7.遵循这些建议
8．如何获得成功　9.对……乐观　10.成为一名宇航员
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①to settle　②determination　③with　④was determined to
⑤was determined that
2．①optimistically　②about　③optimist　④optimism
3．①to　②committed　③commitment　④committed himself to　⑤are committed to
4．①enthusiastic　②enthusiastically　③enthusiasm　④about
⑤for
5．①to become　②to get　③to become　④ambitions
⑤more ambitious　⑥ambition
6．①appreciative　②it　③appreciation　④in　⑤appreciated
7．①injury　②was injured　③injured　④injuries
⑤wounded　⑥hurt　⑦injured
8．①cooperative　②with　③cooperation　④in/on　⑤to find
⑥in
第二版块|重要短语
1．①of　②to　③forcing　④In　⑤makes no sense　⑥make sense of what he says
2．①in　②from；to　③solution to　④the key to understanding the people around you　⑤have/hold the key to
第三版块|典型句式
①to say　②to try　③that　④to remain　⑤is reported　⑥of　⑦for　⑧crying　⑨to walk
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．cooperation　2.employees　3.enthusiastic　4.ambitious　5.appreciative　6.injury　7.persistent　8.determined　
9．optimistic　10.disciplined
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．am determined to　2.is committed to　3.full of ambition　4.make sense　5.The key to　6.am grateful to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．答案与解析：commitment　由空格前的the可知，此处要填commit的名词形式commitment。句意：由于威尔逊对预防可预防疾病所作的奉献，非洲和亚洲的数千万人可以看见了。
2．答案与解析：practicing　be committed to“致力于”，是固定搭配，其中to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。句意：但他很快发现自己喜欢上了演奏这种乐器，并致力于练习它，所以不出几个月，他就演奏得相当不错了。
3．答案与解析：determination　and连接并列名词。句意：写一首关于勇气、决心和力量如何帮助你面对生活中的挑战的诗。
4．答案与解析：to buy　It makes sense to do sth.做某事是明智的。句意：瞧，你的电脑又坏了！只是为了省几美元而买最便宜的牌子的电脑是不明智的。
5．答案与解析：injuries　fewer后要接名词复数。句意：研究表明，竞走和跑步有很多共同的健身益处，而竞走造成的伤害很可能更少。
6．答案与解析：an　此处是泛指，且enthusiastic的读音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。句意：对那些处于中年的人来说幸运的是，莱文发现，即使你不是一个热衷于运动的人，但现在保持体形可能有助于改善你的心脏老化。
7．答案与解析：enthusiasm　名词作宾语。句意：我是一个活跃的戏剧爱好者和戏剧读者，也许我编辑这本书最好的原因是希望与他人分享我对戏剧的热情。
8．答案与解析：ambitious　空格处修饰名词sportsmen，应用形容词形式，故填ambitious。句意：数以百万计的水禽死于市场猎人和少数过于野心勃勃的运动员之手。
9．答案与解析：cooperation　由空格前的形容词international可知该空填名词形式，cooperate的名词为cooperation。句意：在开幕式上发布的“首个国际茶日茶路合作倡议”呼吁茶行业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．make sense
2．in cooperation with the Chinese company
3．was determined to put her new ideas into practice
4．has made a commitment
5．who/that are ambitious to achieve their goalsSection G　单元主题写作——成功
1．写作任务
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Jim在探讨成功的话题，请你回复他一封邮件，以感动中国人物为例，说明你对成功的理解，内容包括：
(1)人物名字；
(2)他或她的事迹；
(3)你对成功的理解。
注意：(1)词数80左右；
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
How is everything going？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
2．写作思路
(1)一审：体裁、结构和主题
体裁：应用文——观点交流信件
结构：三段
主题：对成功的理解
(2)二定：时态与人称
时态：一般现在时为主
人称：第三人称为主
(3)三明确：写作要点
①导入话题
②人物介绍：名字＋事迹(献身教育、建立学校、带病工作)
③个人理解：成功的标准是对社会的贡献
3．素材整理
(1)关键词语
become a millionaire 成为百万富翁
be honored as... 被誉为……
with complete commitment 完全献身(投入)
apply oneself to sth. 致力于
mountainous areas 山区
sacrifice everything to do... 奉献一切去做……
strive to do sth. 努力做某事
set up a school 建立一所学校
despite her serious illness 尽管她自己有严重疾病
(2)完成句子
①我曾经认为成功就是成为一名百万富翁。
I once ____________ success was ____________ a millionaire.
②这个人是张桂梅，被誉为感动中国年度人物。
The person is Zhang Guimei, ____________ the person ________________ China.
③张桂梅，既热情又充满奉献精神，致力于山区贫穷女孩的教育。
Zhang, ________________ and with complete ________________， __________________ the education of poor girls from mountainous areas.
④坚定、坚持不懈、尽心尽力，张桂梅为了帮助她们献出了一切。
________， ________ and ________， Zhang ________ everything to help them.
⑤她设法为女孩们建立了一所学校，努力通过教育改变她们的命运。
She managed to ____________ for the girls, ____________ their fate ____________．
⑥正是通过她的事迹，我认识到真正的成功不在于金钱，而在于一个人为社会贡献了什么。
It's from her deed ____________________ I know the real success doesn't ________________ money ________________ one has ____________ society.
4．整理成文
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．写作练习
每个人都有梦想，但是并不是每个人都可以成功。假设你是李华，请你写一封邮件给你的英国笔友Joe，说明你的观点，内容包括：
(1)对梦想的理解；(2)实现梦想的秘诀。
注意：(1)词数80左右；
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Joe，
How is everything going？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
Section G　单元主题写作——成功
3．素材整理
(2)①thought; to become　②honored as; who moves
③enthusiastic; commitment; applied herself to　④Deter-mined; persistent; committed; sacrificed　⑤set up a school; striving to change; with education　⑥that; lie in; but in what; contributed to
4．整理成文
(注：黑体部分为本单元的重点词汇)
Dear Jim，
How is everything going I once thought success was to become a millionaire. However, one person completely changed me.
The person is Zhang Guimei, honored as the person who moves China. Zhang, enthusiastic and with complete commitment, applied herself to the education of poor girls from mountainous areas. Determined, persistent and committed, Zhang sacrificed everything to help them and managed to set up a school for them, striving to change their fate with education, despite her serious illness.
It's from her deed that I know the real success doesn't lie in money but in what one has contributed to society.
Yours，
Li Hua
5．写作练习
参考范文：
(注：黑体部分为本单元的重点词汇)
Dear Joe，
How is everything going Everyone has their own dream. But what they strive to achieve and how to realise it matter more.
From my perspective, only if the dream relates to commitment to society will it be meaningful. If one is too selfish and only applies himself to his own interest, it will make no sense.
Once we determine what dream to follow, the key is to devote ourselves to it, because it's only with traits of being persistent and committed that we can finally achieve it.
Yours，
Li HuaSection F　单元语法专项——(1)动词-ing形式作主语、宾语和表语(2)冠词
(1)动词-ing形式作主语、宾语和表语
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1．位置
一种是动词-ing形式位于句首；另一种是用it作形式主语，而将动词-ing形式后置。单个的动词-ing形式作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
·Saying is easier than doing.说起来容易做起来难。
·Being forced to write with our left hand made us uncomfortable.被迫用左手写字让我们感到不舒服。
·He feels it is his duty raising the whole family.
他觉得养家糊口是他的责任。
2．常用动词-ing形式作主语的句型
It is a waste of time doing...做……是浪费时间。
It is no good/use doing...做……是不好/没用的。
It is worthwhile doing...做……是值得的。
It is no fun doing...做……没有乐趣。
·It was a waste of time accepting his invitation to attend such a party.
接受他的邀请来参加这样的聚会是浪费时间。
·It is no good being too ambitious.
野心太大没有好处。
·It is hardly any use trying to persuade him to take up such a demanding job.
试图说服他从事这样一项要求高的工作几乎没有任何用处。
·It is worthwhile hiring some experienced employees to help finish the task on schedule.
雇用一些有经验的员工来帮助按时完成任务是值得的。
·It is no fun playing with such a depressed person.和这样一个沮丧的人玩是毫无乐趣的。
【学法点拨】　动词-ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
·To live in Beijing for a few days is one of his biggest dreams.在北京住几天是他最大的梦想之一。
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
接动词-ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：
avoid、 miss、 delay/put off
避免 错过 少延期
advise、 finish、 practise
建议 完成 多练习
enjoy、 imagine、 can't help
喜欢 想象 禁不住
admit、 deny、envy
承认 否定与嫉妒
escape、 risk、excuse
逃避 冒险莫原谅
stand、 keep、mind
忍受 保持不介意
·My only wish is that my daughter can do what she enjoys doing all the time.
我唯一的愿望是我的女儿能一直做她喜欢做的事。
·I couldn't help wondering why he chose to live such a life.我不禁想知道他为什么选择过这样的生活。
·Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款。
2．作介词的宾语
动词-ing形式作介词的宾语时，常用在某些动词短语后面，如dream of、 care about、 feel like、 insist on、 think of、 aim at、 set about、 keep on、 succeed in、 pay attention to等。
He doesn't feel like doing anything today.
他今天什么也不想做。
More attention should be paid to protecting our environment.我们应该更加注意保护环境。
3．接动词-ing形式和to do作宾语意义差别不大的动词
常见的有begin、 start、 continue、 like、 love、 prefer、 hate、 intend等。
意义差别较大的动词(短语)有remember、 forget、 regret、 mean、 try、 stop、 can't help等。
·They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走，说个不停。
·I am a little tired. Let's stop to have a rest.
我有点儿累了。让我们停下来休息一下吧。
4．用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词-ing形式
·We all consider it no use spending too much time on such a project.
我们都认为在这样一个项目上花太多时间没有用。
5．介词in常可省略的几种句型
①have ＋(in) doing...
②spend time (in) doing...
③be busy (in) doing...
·You can't imagine the difficulty I had handling the problem.
你无法想象在处理这个问题时我有多困难。
6．主动形式表被动意义
＋doing...to be done...需要被……
need、require、want作“需要”讲时，接动词-ing形式作宾语，相当于不定式的被动形式。
·Your hair needs cutting.
＝Your hair needs to be cut.你的头发该剪了。
三、动词-ing形式作表语
1．动名词(短语)作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。
The best policy is being honest.最好的策略是诚实。
One of his hobbies is painting.他的爱好之一是绘画。
2．现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可以看作形容词。
·The news that he was killed in a car accident is astonishing.他在车祸中丧生的消息令人震惊。
·He is still committed to his research in spite of the fact that the result is a little disappointing.
尽管结果有点儿令人失望，他仍专心于他的研究。
【学法点拨】　动名词(短语)作表语表抽象的一般性的动作，动词不定式(短语)作表语表一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。
·My job is teaching English but today I am to teach you to sing a Japanese song.
我的工作是教英语，但今天我要教你唱一首日文歌。
四、动词-ing形式的时态、语态
动词-ing形式通常有以下几种变化形式(以do为例)
形式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
一般式：表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或表示一般情况。
·We are very interested in collecting stamps.
我们对集邮很感兴趣。
·He appreciates her living such a peaceful life.
他很欣赏她过这样平静的生活。
完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
·He regrets not having taken part in the work.
他后悔没有参加这项工作。
·We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。
主动语态：它的逻辑主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态：它的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。
·No one likes being laughed at in public.
没有人喜欢在公共场合下被别人嘲笑。
·I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.我很高兴你能被授予勋章。
五、动词-ing形式的复合结构
动词-ing形式加上自己的逻辑主语，便构成了动词-ing形式的复合结构。具体形式有：
＋doing
·Do you think my going there will be of any help？你认为我去那里会有什么帮助吗？
·The student's knowing English well helps him in learning French.
这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。
·Do you mind my (me) smoking？你介意我抽烟吗？
·They insist on Mary's (Mary) going with them there.他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。
【误区警示】　动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语时，只能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
·Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓励。
·Li Ping's dropping out of school is a great disappointment to his parents.
李平辍学使他的父母非常失望。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We consider it no good ____________ (do) the experiment again without the guide of the professor.
2．It was ____________ (astonish) that the shy girl stood up and gave a determined answer.
3．Her job is ____________ (keep) the dormitory hall as clean as possible.
4．His wish is ____________ (build) up his own studio with his mate.
5．What injures me most is her ____________ (stay) too late every night.
6．The room needs ____________ (equip) with a wired video camera.
7．He barely admitted ____________ (refer) to his notes in the exam.
8．She can't stand ________________ (be) looked down upon.
9．Statistics show that prices will continue ________________ (rise) constantly.
10．The police had much difficulty ________________ (find) out the extraordinary connection between the man and the case.
11．The problem which these athletes meet is quite ________________ (puzzle).
12．The situation both at home and abroad is very ________________ (inspire) and optimistic.
13．________________ (experience) quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, the educationalist didn't take much notice.
14．________________ (see) a lot of the world in enthusiastic youth is a good thing.
15．The educationalist had as much fun sailing the seas as he now does ________________ (work) with students.
16．I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel guilty.
17．________________ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an extremely interesting and rewarding experience.
18．________________ (learn) to think critically is an important and worthwhile skill today's children will need for the future.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．They describe the film star Louis as ______________________ (很吸引人).
2．They ____________________ (停下来看一看) the fantastic scenery.
3．The specialist spent much time __________________ (观察星星).
4．The millionaire enjoys ____________________ (和他父母聊天).
5．The light in the office is off, but she forgets ________________________ (已关了灯).
(2)冠词
一、定冠词the的用法
1．表示特定的或上文中提到的人或事物
·There is a cat in the tree. The cat is black.
树上有一只猫，这只猫是黑色的。
2．特指说话双方都知道的人或事物
·The dog is sick.这只狗生病了。(双方都知道是哪一只狗)
3．用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物
·The dog is the faithful friend of human beings.狗是人类忠实的朋友。
4．用于表示独一无二的事物的名词前
·If only I could fly to the moon and do some research there！要是我能飞到月球，在那儿做些研究就好了！
5．用于表示方向、方位的名词前
·The sun rises in the east and falls in the west.
太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。
6．用于序数词或形容词的最高级前
·One of the greatest ambitions of him is to find a cure for cancer.
他最大的雄心之一是找到治疗癌症的方法。
【误区警示】　序数词前也可加不定冠词，表示“又一，再一”或动作的重复。
7．用于某些形容词前，表示一类人
·The injured are being treated in the hospital.
伤者正在医院接受治疗。
8．用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前，表示国家、党派、组织、机构、报刊、朝代、海洋、河流、山脉、群岛等
·The People's Republic of China was founded on October 1st, 1949.
中华人民共和国于1949年10月1日成立。
9．用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”
·The Smiths are desperate to own a new house of their own.
史密斯一家渴望拥有一所他们自己的新房子。
10．用于被演奏的西方乐器前
·The man who is playing the piano is an outstanding pianist.那个弹钢琴的人是位杰出的钢琴家。
11．用于某个世纪的某个年代前
·The film was set in the 1930s in Shanghai.
这部电影以20世纪30年代的上海为背景。
12．用于习惯用语或固定搭配中
at the same time 与此同时
in the way 碍事，挡道
make the bed 铺床
at the end of 在……的末尾
in the end 最后
all the time 一直
by the way 顺便说一下
on the way 在路上
二、不定冠词a/an的用法
1．用在单数可数名词前，泛指一类人或事物
·A horse is a useful animal since the ancient times.自古以来，马就是一种有用的动物。
2．表示数量“一个”，相当于one，但语意较弱
·We can only borrow a/one book from the library at a/one time.我们一次只能从图书馆借一本书。
3．表示单位，相当于every或per，有“每一”的意思
·He can travel 30 kilometers an hour by bike.
他每小时可以骑30公里的自行车。
4．用于某些不可数的物质名词前，表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”等
A rain can refresh ourselves in the hot summer.
在炎热的夏天，一场雨可以使我们恢复精神。
5．用于某些固定词组中
a little/few 少量
a good/great many 许多
many a/an 许多
in a hurry 匆忙
as a rule 通常，一般来说
all of a sudden 突然
keep an eye on 注意
have a try 试一试
三、零冠词的用法
1．表示泛指的复数名词前不用冠词
·They are teachers and those sitting next are doctors.他们是老师，那些坐在他们旁边的是医生。
2．表示语言、学科的名词前不用冠词
·English is of great significance in international communication.英语在国际交流中很重要。
3．名词前有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰或限定时不用冠词
·The Yellow River is our mother river.
黄河是我们的母亲河。
4．表示人名、地名的专有名词前不用冠词(由普通名词构成的专有名词除外)
·He volunteered to work in Africa last year.
去年他志愿到非洲工作。
【误区警示】　当表示“像……那样的人或事物”“一个名叫……的人”时，专有名词前可以用不定冠词。
·A Mr Li is waiting for you at the school gate.
一位李先生正在学校门口等你。
5．表示泛指的物质名词、抽象名词前不用冠词
Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。
【误区警示】　有些抽象名词用来指具体的人或事物时，其前可加不定冠词，如success、failure、excitement、pleasure、pity等。
Carol was a pleasure to work with.
和卡罗尔共事很愉快。
6．表示季节、月份、星期、节假日、三餐、球类、棋类等的名词前不用冠词
【误区警示】　季节、月份、星期、三餐等前的冠词要依据具体情况而定，并非所有的这些名词前都不加冠词。
7．称呼语或表头衔的名词(作表语、同位语、补足语时)前面不用冠词
·He is president of an international company.
他是一家跨国公司的总裁。
8．“by＋交通工具名词”短语中不用冠词
·We can only have access to the island by boat.
我们只能乘船去那个岛。
9．有些表示场所、地点的名词前用不用定冠词the意思差别很大。加上定冠词表示“具体场所或位置”，不加定冠词往往表示“社会功能或用途属性”
·He has been in prison for three years.
他已经入狱三年了。
·My brother has worked in the prison for three years.我哥哥在监狱工作三年了。
10．某些固定词组中不用冠词
①成双成对出现的名词词组中。
day and night 夜以继日
here and there 到处
②一些介词短语中。
in search of 寻找
in response to 对……的回应
in addition to 除……之外还……
in place of 代替
in fact/reality 事实上，实际上
语法专项训练
单句语法填空
1．I don't think she released Brian's hand ________ entire time that we were in the room.
2．A child born in the US today has ________ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
3．Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
4．Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.
5．As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
6．The plum trees are ________ first to flower even as the snow is melting.
7．Then, with ________ rise of science, changes began.
8．The outbreak of COVID-19 has meant ________ abrupt change in our life and work.
9．When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was ________ joke.
10．“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain ________ advantage，” he said.
11．This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.
12．Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as ________ model in New York.
13．For Pahlsson, its return was ________ wonder.
14．Like many things in life, it's ________ ongoing process...
15．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
16．________ unpleasant smell floated into my nose as the bowl of fried stinky tofu settled onto my grandmother's dinner table.
17．Recently, people have begun studying ________ connection between the natural world and healing.
18．Gordon says the HUNCH program has ________ impact on college admissions and practical life skills.
19．Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.
20．________ more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.
21．Now, years later, this river is one of ________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
22．I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.
Section F　单元语法专项——(1)动词-ing形式作主语、宾语和表语(2)冠词
(1)动词-ing形式作主语、宾语和表语
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．doing　2.astonishing　3.keeping　4.to build　5.staying　6.equipping/to be equipped　7.referring　8.being　9.rising/to rise　10.finding　11.puzzling　12.inspiring　13.Having experienced　14.Having seen　15.working　16.looking　
17．Travelling　18.Learning
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．being attractive　2.stopped to have a look at　3.observing the stars　4.chatting with his parents　5.turning it off
(2)冠词
语法专项训练
单句语法填空
1．the　2.a　3.the　4.the　5.a　6.the　7.the　8.an　9.a
10．an　11.the　12.a　13.a　14.an　15.a　16.An
17．the　18.an　19.a; the　20.The; the　21.the　22.the; aSection D　Lesson 3　Getting to the Top
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ vi. 努力；奋斗
2．____________ vt. 毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏
3．____________ vt. 不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走
4．____________ n. (英式)橄榄球
5．____________ adj. 平庸的，普通的；平均的 n. 平均水平；平均数
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．极端→________ adj.极端的，极度的，极其的→________ adv.极度，极其
2．________ vi.& vt.保护，保卫→________ n．保卫；防御物→________ adj.戒备的，自卫的
3．________ adj.自私的，自私自利的→________ adj.无私的→________ adv.无私地→________ adv.自私地
4．________ v．计数→________ adj.无数的，数不尽的→________ n．柜台；计算器→________ adj.可数的→________ adj.不可数的
5．________ vi.& vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸→________ adj.炽热的；很热的→________ adj.煮熟的
6．________ adj.长的→________ n．长度→________ v．加长；延长
7．________ vt.使受伤；伤害；损害→________ adj.受伤的→________ n．伤
8．________ adj.正常的，平常的→________ adj.反常的；不正常的→________ adv.通常；正常情况下
9．________ n．运动员→________ n．铁人三项运动员→________ adj.体育运动的
10．academic adj.学术的→________ n．专科学院，研究机构→________ adv.在学术上
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________ 把自己逼到极限
2．________________ 专注于
3．________________ 为……而奋斗
4．________________ 剩有，被留下(某种结果)
5．________________ 本可以做(但未做)
6．________________ 在内心深处
7．________________ 忙于做某事
8．________________ 租车
9．________________ 归结为；要点是
10．________________ 与生俱来；天生具有
11．________________ 努力；专心致志于某事
12．________________ 使与众不同
13．________________ 平庸无为
14．________________ 愿意做某事
将英文短语译成汉语
1．across the table　　________________
2．in danger of... ________________
3．on a day-to-day basis ________________
4．be so selfish ________________
5．What are the sacrifices for ________________
6．countless birthday parties ________________
7．an enormous amount of ________________
8．stay in ________________
9．get ahead ________________
10．rather than... ________________
11．on one's own ________________
12．be committed to ________________
13．get injured ________________
14．prefer to do sth. ________________
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What can we know from the first paragraph
A.Olympic athletes usually push themselves to the limits.
B．Olympic athletes always miss birthday parties, ruin family holidays and skip nights out.
C．Olympic athletes are not fun to train with.
D.Olympic athletes are unwilling to share their medals.
2．What can we learn from the text about a professional athlete
A．He is always tired and every workout has a mental intensity that most cannot handle.
B．He may face fears and make sacrifices on a day-to-day basis.
C．He may be selfish not to have fun with families and friends.
D．He may be fun to train with and his only goal is to win medals in the games.
3．What can we infer from the fifth paragraph about the author
A．She's optimistic and stubborn.
B．She's determined and devoted.
C．She's hard-working and easy-going.
D．She's friendly and mild.
4．What takes an athlete to get to the top according to the text
A．Being willing to do that extra little bit.
B．Being injured in the training or the games.
C．Missing so much fun.
D．Winning the gold medal of the Olympics.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
As one of the Olympic 1.________ (athlete), it is hard to be at the top in sport. I was pushing the limits and 2.________ (extreme) beyond what most thought were healthy. These are the fears I face as 3.________ professional athlete on a day-to-day basis. I may miss 4.________ (end) fun and make sacrifices in the daily life. For example, I have missed countless birthday parties and nights out. It may be because I was born with an enormous amount of drive and 5.________ (determine). I have always lived my life 6.________ extremes, which is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying 7.________ (I) to.
As an athlete, if your dream is to be the best and reach the winner's platform, you had better be totally 8.________ (commit) to your sport. In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee, even if it means getting injured, “I'd prefer 9.________ (have) three or four outstanding years of winning stuff than having ten years of being average.” Doing 10.________ we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take us to the top.
教材助读·开放课堂
[教材原文]
Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits①？ As one of the Olympic athletes, I miss birthday parties, ruin② family holidays and skip③ nights out, but there is a very good reason for giving up so much. “We're worried about you，” said my friend from across the table④. He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of⑤ being left with⑥ only a world championship medal and no one to share it with 【1】．
【1】本句为主从复合句。worried后面包含两个that引导的宾语从句。第二个宾语从句中，and连接两个并列成分only...medal和no one...with作being left with 的宾语，其中不定式短语to share it with作后置定语修饰one。
I could have become⑦ angry or defensive⑧. Don't they know how hard it is to be at the top in sport 【2】？ Don't they know what it takes to get there However, deep down⑨ I knew elements⑩ of what he was saying were right 【3】. I was always tired and every workout had a mental intensity that seemed too much for most to handle. I was pushing the limits and extremes beyond what most thought were healthy.
【2】画线部分为how hard引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。it在此为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。
【3】画线部分为what引导的宾语从句，作of的宾语。
These are the fears I face as a professional athlete on a day-to-day basis . Who am I doing this for How much is too much Why am I doing this How can I be so selfish ？ What are the sacrifices for
I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed, ruining a family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in 【4】， almost missing my brother's wedding 【5】 because I was too busy hiring a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes . The list is endless.
【4】画线部分为动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰a swimming pool。
【5】画线部分为现在分词短语作结果状语。miss与其逻辑主语I之间为主谓关系。
It boils down to this: I was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination. From a small girl, I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather than go out and play; I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool while other kids played pool games; I was the only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys. I have always lived my life to extremes. Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to 【6】．
【6】本句为并列复合句。but前的分句中包含一个if引导的条件状语从句，其对应的主句为祈使句。but后的分句中包含一个no matter what引导的让步状语从句，其对应的主句中I roll为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词way。
Being a professional athlete is no different. If you want to be an Olympic champion, it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
Can this be overdone ？ Absolutely. But if your dream is to be the best and reach the winner's platform ， you had better be totally committed to your sport. In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee, even if it means getting injured 【7】， “I'd prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average .”
【7】画线部分为even if引导的让步状语从句。
Doing what we do as athletes 【8】 sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take us to the top. It is certainly not a balanced way to live 【9】 and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness.
【8】画线部分为v.-ing结构作主语，其中what we do为what引导的宾语从句作Doing的宾语，what在该从句中作do的宾语。
【9】to live为动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰抽象名词way。
[汉语译文]
为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢？作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚会、破坏家庭旅行、放弃夜晚外出，但是放弃这么多是有非常合理的理由的。“我们很担心你，”隔着桌子坐在我对面的朋友说。他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。
我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。难道他们不知道在运动中处于顶峰有多难吗？难道他们不知道到达顶峰需要付出多少吗？然而，在内心深处，我知道他说的有一些是对的。我总是疲惫不堪，每次锻炼带来的心理压力对于大多数人来说都难以应对。我把极限提升到了大多数人认为超出健康的程度。
这些是我作为一名职业运动员日常面临的恐惧。我这样做是为了谁？太多是多少？我为什么要这样做？我怎么能这么自私？这些牺牲是为什么？
我想到了曾经错过的无数个生日派对和本来可以外出的夜晚，因为一直寻找可以训练的游泳池，而破坏了一次去法国的全家旅行；因为忙于在约翰内斯堡市中心租车，开车闯过“禁行”区，以便和当地的铁人三项运动员组团骑行，而差点错过哥哥的婚礼。这样的事情不计其数。
归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。我还是个小女孩时，为了在课业上名列前茅，午餐时间我会留下来学习而不出去玩；十岁的时候，当别的孩子在泳池戏水时，我会自己乘公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回；橄榄球俱乐部里，有250个男孩，只有我一个女孩。生活中我一向把事情做到极致。你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
做一名职业运动员也不例外。你如果想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
这过分吗？当然。但如果你的梦想是成为最棒的并站上胜利者的奖台，你最好全身心投入运动项目中。用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着要受伤，“我宁愿有三四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。”
做运动员让我们与众不同，因为我们愿意做到那额外的一点点，以使我们走向顶峰。它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但寻常、平衡那些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。
[词汇注释]
①push oneself to the limits把自己逼到极限
②ruin/ ru In/vt.毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏
ruin family holidays破坏家庭旅行
③skip/skIp/vt.不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走
skip nights out放弃夜晚外出
④across the table桌子对面
⑤in danger of处于……危险之中
⑥be left with剩有，被留下(某种结果)
⑦could have done本可以做(但未做)
⑧defensive/dI fensIv/adj.
戒备的，自卫的
defend v．防御，保护；辩解
defense n．防御(能力)
⑨deep down在内心深处；实际上
⑩element/ el m nt/n.基本部分；要素
workout/w ka t/n.训练，
锻炼
work out锻炼身体；解决；算出；弄懂
intensity/In tens ti/n.强度；强烈
a mental intensity心理压力
on a day-to-day basis日复一日地；每日
selfish/ selfI /adj.自私的，自私自利的
sacrifice/ s kr faIs/n.牺牲
countless/ ka ntl s/adj.
无数的，数不尽的
because of由于……
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
hire/haI /vt.租用
“no-go” areas禁行区
triathlete/traI θli t/n.铁人三项运动员
boil down to sth.归结为；要点是
boil/b Il/vi.& vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸
be born with与生俱来；天生具有
enormous/I n m s/adj. 巨大的，庞大的
an enormous amount of 巨量的；海量的
drive n．干劲
stay in待在家里
get ahead走在前面；领先
would do...rather than do...宁愿做……而不做……
on one's own靠某人自己
length/le θ/n.长度
此处的长度是指从游泳池一端至另一端的距离，所以原文中的100 lengths就是50个来回。
rugby/ r ɡbi/n.(英式)橄榄球
apply oneself to sth.努力；专心致志于某事
it's all about sb./sth.最重要的(问题)是某人/某物
set sb./sth. apart使与众不同
apart/ pɑ t/adj.& adv.分开；散开
apart from...除……之外
overdone adj.过头的，过分的
platform/ pl tf m/n.舞台；月台
be committed to致力于
in the words of sb.用某人的话来说
injured/ Ind d/adj.受伤的
get injured受伤
outstanding/a t st ndI /adj.杰出的，优秀的
average/ v rId /adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的　n．平均水平；平均数
be willing to do sth.愿意做某事　
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．ruin vt.毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏；使破产　n．毁灭；废墟；破产
(教材原句)As one of the Olympic athletes, I miss birthday parties, ruin family holidays and skip nights out...
作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚会、破坏家庭旅行、放弃夜晚外出……
(1)ruin one's health 毁掉某人的健康
ruin
get ruined 被糟蹋/毁掉
(2)go to ruin/fall into ruin 衰落，败落；倒塌
be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪
leave sth. in ruins 使某物成为废墟
reduce...to ruins 把……变为废墟
the ruins of... ……的遗迹
The smell ruined my appetite, and I pushed the dish away.
这味道毁了我的胃口，我把菜推开了。
Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day
谁没有收到过一封惹人心烦以至于毁了一整天的电子邮件？
It is apparent that the house was ruined beyond repair.
很明显，房屋被破坏到了无法修复的程度。
The city was in ruins and we moved into tents once more.
这座城市变得残破不堪，我们又住进了帐篷里。
Many ancient sculptures fell into ruin after the earthquake.
地震过后，许多古老的雕像都毁了。
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.第二天，当他们回到洛克威时，他们发现他们的街区已经成了一片废墟。
[拓展]　单复数意义不同的常考词：
ruin毁灭→ruins废墟
damage损害→damages损害赔偿金
force力量→forces武装力量
instruction指导→instructions说明(书)
spirit精神→spirits情绪，心境
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The whole town ________ (ruin) by the heavy storm last night.
②Many houses were reduced to ________ (ruin) in the storm.
③He served four years in prison, emerging to find his brilliant career ________ ruins.
完成句子
④To our disappointment, the bad weather ________________ (毁了我们的旅行).
⑤That mistake ____________________ (毁掉了他的机会) of getting the job.
⑥Their shape has made them less likely to ________________ (倒塌).
⑦The strong earthquake ____________________ (把这个村庄夷为平地).
2．skip v．不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走；略过；跳绳　vi.快速转移 (skip—skipped—skipped)　n．蹦跳
skip breakfast 不吃早饭
skip a grade 跳级
skip along 连蹦带跳地走
skip through 快速阅读；大致浏览
skip over the details 略过细节
skip school/class 逃学/逃课
skip the first chapter 跳过第一章
skip over 略过
skip rope 跳绳
Skip it! (生气地说)别提这件事！不说这个了！
Williams skipped the game to be with his wife in the hospital.
威廉姆斯为了在医院里陪他妻子而放弃了这场比赛。
We can skip over the details and concentrate on the general issues.我们可略过细节部分，而把精力集中在一般性问题上。
I skipped through the first part of the book, eager to get to the exciting bits.我只大致浏览了这本书的第一部分，急于去看那些令人激动的部分。
She skipped happily along beside me.
她连蹦带跳，高高兴兴地跟着我走。
She gave a skip and a jump and was off down the street.
她一蹦一跳就顺着马路跑了。
[拓展]　
give a skip of joy 欢呼雀跃
give a skip and a jump 蹦蹦跳跳
[语境助记]　
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.这些结果的含义是，为了从锻炼中获得最大的健康益处，最好先不吃东西。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The boxer gave ________ little skip as he came out of his corner.
②They saw the man with a little girl skipping ________ behind him.
写出句中skip的含义
③It is important not to skip meals.____________
④Every day we play basketball, play football, and skip rope.____________
⑤The parents want their child to skip to the second grade.____________
3．hire v．租用；租赁；雇用　n．租用；租赁；租金；被雇用的人
(教材原句)．..I was too busy hiring a car in downtown Johannesburg...……我忙于在约翰内斯堡市中心租车……
(1)hire a car/a room 租用一辆小汽车/租房
hire sth. out (短期)出租某物；把……出租出去
hire sth. out (to sb.) 把某物出租(给某人)
hire oneself out to sb./sth. 受雇于某人/某机构
hire sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
fire sb. for sth. 因某事解雇某人
get fired 被解雇
(2)on hire 在出租，供出租
for hire 供出租，用来出租
boats for hire 可供出租的船
They hired a firm of consultants to design the new system.
他们请了一家咨询公司来设计新的系统。
Why don't you hire out your spare room to other people to earn some money
你为什么不把你多余的房间出租给别人赚点钱呢？
Farm workers used to hire themselves out for the summer.
农场工人过去经常夏天打工。
The costumes are on hire from the local theatre.
戏装可向本地剧院租用。
[拓展]　hire/employ v.雇用 fire/dismiss v.解雇
[比较] hire/employ/rent
(1)hire 指短期、临时或一次性“雇用;租用”，宾语可以是人，也可以是物;
(2)employ 指长时间“雇用”，宾语一般是人;
(3)rent 指长时间“出租;租用”，宾语
一般是房屋、土地等，如rent a house租用房子。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There are three small boats available hire.
② He hired (he) to work in the fields for one summer.
③David used to hire his car when he didn't need it himself.
④ The professor hired a young man (drive) for him every day.
选词填空: hire/rent/employ
⑤I would rather have my own house than
⑥I took my driving license with me on holiday, in case I wanted to a car.
⑦It's standard practice for a company like this one to a security officer.
4．boil vi.& vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸　n．沸腾　boiling adj.炽热的；很热的　boiled adj.煮熟的
(教材原句)It boils down to this: I was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination.
归根结底：我天生就是个特别有干劲儿和意志力的人。
(1)boil down to sth. 要点是；归结为
boil away 煮干
boil sth. down (to sth.) 概括；归纳；压缩
boil an egg for sb. 为某人煮鸡蛋
boil with anger/rage 十分生气
(2)boiling water 沸水
boiling point 沸点
boiled water 开水
boiling hot 滚烫的；炎热的
heat/bring sth. to the boiling point 把某物加热到沸点
(3)bring sth. to boil 把某物煮至沸腾
come to boil 开始沸腾
go off boil 不再沸腾，不如从前
put sth. onto boil 把某物烧开
Read through this passage and then boil it down to a hundred words.把这篇文章通读一遍，然后将其概括为一百字。
He was driving so fast that the engine got very hot and the water boiled away.
他开车太快，以致引擎过热，水箱里的水也烧干了。
Warm the pot by pouring in a little boiling water, and then empty it out.向壶内倒一点儿沸水把壶烫热，然后把水倒掉。
I'd like to drink a glass of cool boiled water.
我想喝一杯凉开水。
Kate's anger was reaching the boiling point.
凯特已怒不可遏了。
He played brilliantly for the first set but then went rather off the boil.他第一盘表现得非常出色，但接下来就有失水准了。
I'll put the kettle on to boil.我会放上水壶把水烧开。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①These vegetables have had all the goodness ________ (boil) out of them.
②Here's some ________ (boil) water. Have a drink whenever you're thirsty.
③The water is ________ (boil) hot. Pour it from one cup to another repeatedly to cool it.
④You can boil the long story down ________ a few sentences and it still has the same meaning.
⑤He was so concentrated on the TV programme that he forgot the cooking and the water in the pot boiled ________．
完成句子
⑥When it ________________________ (开始沸腾), reduce the heat.
5．length n．长度；细长的一段，一节；时间的长短　lengthen v．加长　vt.使变长
(教材原句)．..I would...go to swim 100 lengths of the pool while other kids played pool games...……当别的孩子在泳池戏水时，我会……去游泳池游50个来回……
length of service 服务年限
in length 在长度上
the length of ……的长度
at (great) length (＝in detail) 最后；详尽地
at arm's length 一臂之遥；以一定距离
two metres in length＝two metres long 两米长
This room is twice the length of the kitchen.
这个房间的长度是厨房的两倍。
The pieces of wood are uneven in length and can't be used.
这些木条长短不齐，没法用。
He talked at length about his work and his family.
他详谈了他的工作和家庭。
He has to hold newspapers at arm's length to focus on the print.他必须将手臂伸直拿着报纸才能看清上面的字。
The pipe was six feet in length (＝long).管道长6英尺。
Vacations have lengthened and the work week has shortened.
假期延长了，工作周变短了。
She lengthened the skirt.她将裙子放长。
[学法点拨]　“数词＋单位量词＋in＋length/height/width/depth”相当于“数词＋单位量词＋long/high/wide/deep”。
The house is 9 metres in height, and 14 metres in length．
＝The house is 9 metres high, and 14 metres long．
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The snake usually reaches ________ length of 100 cm.
②She got a headache if she had to read for any ________ (long) of time.
③The room he has just rented is about 9 metres ________ length and 3 metres wide.
④They talked about the comedy last night ________ length that he would star in.
同义句转换
⑤The biggest is about four metres in length, weighing 500 kilogrammes.
→________________________________________________________________________，
weighing 500 kilogrammes.
6．apart adj.& adv.分开；散开
(教材原句)．..it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.……就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
come apart 破碎；破裂
keep apart 把……分开
take apart 拆开
tell apart 区分，区别
fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃
set apart 留出……；使不同
tear apart 撕毁，撕碎
When you're apart, you rely so heavily on the phone to keep in touch.你们要是不住在一起，就得大量地依靠电话保持联系了。
These toys aren't well made—they come apart far too easily.
这些玩具做得不好——太容易散架了。
His use of language set him apart from most other modern writers.他对语言的运用使他与其他大多数现代作家截然不同。
The child took apart the toy but he didn't know how to put them together.这个小孩把玩具拆开了，却不知道如何组装起来。
It's easy to tell my pills apart because they're all different colours.我的药片很容易区分，因为它们的颜色都不一样。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Anna did what she could to keep the marriage from falling ________．
②The child kept ________ (him) apart from other children.
选词填空：come/set/take/tell
③The camera just ________ apart the first time he used it.
④But even to the trained eye, two species of earthworms can be tough to ________ apart.
⑤Two rooms were ________ apart for use as libraries.
⑥He ________ apart two old chairs in order to make a sofa.
7．average adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的　n．平均水平；平均数
(教材原句)．..“I'd prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.”……“我也宁愿有三四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。”
(1)an average cost/price 平均成本/价格
a child of average intelligence 智力平常的孩子
(2)an average of 平均有……
above/below average 平均水平以上/下
on average 平均/平均来看
There was nothing special about the meal; it was average.
饭菜没什么特别，挺平常的。
The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.
本班男生的平均年龄是十五岁。
It takes an average of ten weeks for a house sale to be completed.售出一幢房子平均需要10周的时间。
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2，000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight.如今，在澳大利亚，平均而言，大多数儿童比避免超重所需的体育活动少2 000步。
Her elder brother is above average in his reading ability.
她哥哥的阅读能力在平均水平以上。
[语境助记]　
The amount of snowfall this year has been below average．
今年的降雪量低于平均水平。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The province's rainfall this year is ________ average. Many plants are short of water and have been dead.
②Parents spend ________ average of $200 a year on toys for their children.
③________ average, women live between five and seven years longer than men.
写出句中average的词性及含义
④Their language development and reading are below average.____________
⑤What is the average annual snowfall for this state？____________
⑥He is an average man, and there's nothing special about him.____________
8．normal adj.正常的，平常的　n．常态；通常标准
(教材原句)It is certainly not a balanced way to live and it is certainly not normal...
它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常……
(1)quite/perfectly normal 相当/完全正常
under normal circumstances 一般情况下
(2)above/below normal 高于/低于正常水平；
通常标准之上/之下
恢复正常
normal college 师范学院
It is normal to feel nervous when you deliver a speech in public.你在公众场合演讲时感到紧张是正常的。
It was several days before the floodwater sank and life returned to normal.过了几天洪水才退，生活恢复了正常。
Rainfall has been above normal this July.
今年7月份降雨量高于正常水平。
[单词积累]　
ab-否定前缀(离去、相反、不)：
abuse v．& n．滥用
absorb v．吸收
[句式]　It is/was normal (for sb.) to do sth.
(对某人来说)做某事是正常的。
It is/was abnormal (for sb.) to do sth.
(对某人来说)做某事是不正常的。
[比较]　normal/ordinary/usual/average/common
normal：正常的—a normal working day
正常工作日
ordinary：普通的—ordinary people普通人
usual：惯常的—at the usual time/place在老时间/地点
average：普通的；平均的—an average adult普通的成年人
common：共同的，常见的—a common name常见的名字
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The rainy season in the Andes ________ (normal) starts in December.
②We must delay our journey because of the ________ (normal) weather conditions.
③My wife was delighted that things had returned ________ normal once more.
④It is normal ________ (feel) anxious about your and your family's safety.
⑤By the end of the century, the average global temperature will be 3.5 degree Celsius ________ normal.
选词填空：normal/usual/average
⑥As ________， they left the children in charge of the house.
⑦A man of ________ height donated the money to you.
⑧Everything seemed to return to ________ shortly after the frightening explosion.
第二版块|重要短语
1．stay in待在家里；不外出(in在此处是副词)
(教材原句)From a small girl, I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather than go out and play...我还是个小女孩时，为了在课业上名列前茅，午餐时间我会留下来学习而不出去玩……
stay in one's house/home 待在某人家里
stay on 留下来继续
stay in bed 卧床
stay behind 留下
stay up late 熬夜到很晚
stay awake (＝keep awake) 保持清醒
stay (at) home (＝stay in) 待在家里
stay healthy (＝keep healthy) 保持健康
stay out 不在家
We stay in almost every night and watch television.
我们几乎每个晚上都在家里看电视。
Shall we eat out or stay in？It's up to you.
咱们是到外面吃饭还是待在家里？你决定吧。
[拓展]　
stay in
[即学即练]　完成句子
①He found it unnecessary for us to ________________ (留下来).
②As the afternoon wore on, I found it more and more difficult to ____________________ (保持清醒).
③A survey showed people were confused about what they should eat to ________________ (保持健康).
④I used to __________________________________ (熬夜到很晚) with my mom and watch movies.
2．apply oneself to sth.努力；专心致志于某事
(教材原句)Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to.
你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
applicant n. 申请人
application n. 申请(书)；应用
apply to 适用于；向……申请
apply...to... 把……应用于……；将……涂抹于……
apply (to sb.) for... (向某人)申请……
She could not entirely apply herself to the arrangements for her wedding.她不能全力以赴地安排自己的婚礼。
He is now applying himself to the study of traditional Chinese medical science.他现在正致力于传统中医的研究。
These regulations only apply to the younger children.
这些规定只适用于较小的儿童。
In this way they can better apply theory to practice.
这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。
Apply the paint to the prepared wood and allow it to dry.
把油漆涂在备好的木料上，让它自己晾干。
They applied to other medical institutions for assistance.
他们向其他医疗机构申请援助。
[语境助记]　
There are more than 300 applications for the job in this company. In other words, more than 300 applicants have applied for the job.
这家公司已有300多份对这一工作的申请。换句话说，已经有300多名求职者申请了这份工作。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I don't think what he says ________ (apply) to you as much as to us.
②She applied ________ (she) to her new duties with great enthusiasm.
③He applied himself closely ________ the study of the English language.
完成句子
④You must ________________ (专心致志于工作) you have to do.
⑤Find out ahead of time what regulations ________________ (适用于你的情况).
⑥Lynd and hundreds of young people like him ________________ (申请……的职位) of the typist.
⑦The new technology ______________ (已被应用于) farming.
3．be born with与生俱来；天生具有
(教材原句)It boils down to this: I was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination.
归根结底：我天生就是个特别有干劲儿和意志力的人。
be born with talent 与生俱来的天赋
be born to do/be sth. 注定要做；注定会成为
be born to a young mother 一位年轻母亲所生
be born of 出身于；源于
be born of noble parents 生于贵族之家
be born into... 生于……之家
be born blind/deaf 先天失明/失聪
be born lucky/unlucky 天生幸运/倒霉
Their child was born with a serious medical problem.
他们的孩子生来就有严重的疾病。
No one is born a winner.没有人天生就是赢家。
She was born into a wealthy family.她生在有钱人家。
Mary was born of rich parents.玛丽出身于有钱人家。
His wish to become a doctor was born of a desire to help sick people.他想成为医生是出于帮助病人的愿望。
[语境助记]　
Babies who are born to very young mothers are very healthy.
年轻妈妈生的孩子非常健康。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Human beings are born ________ this ability.
②He was born ________ (be) a statesman.
③John was born ________ a poor family and had to work to support his family as a little child.
④Lang Lang was born ________ gift of playing the piano.
⑤Mary, born ________ wealthy parents, got well educated and became a famous scientist in the world.
⑥The child, born ________ a middle-age mother, is very bright.
4．set sb./sth. apart 使与众不同
(教材原句)If you want to be an Olympic champion, it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争中脱颖而出。
set aside 保留，储蓄；把……放到一边
set down 放下；写下
set up 竖起，搭起；建立
set about doing/set out to do 开始/着手做
set sb. a good example 为某人树立榜样
set sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事
set sb./sth. doing sth. 使某人/某物开始做某事或处于做某事的状态
I set that apart for a special purpose.
我为了一个特殊的目的，取出了那件东西。
His far-sightedness set him apart from most of his contemporaries.
他的远见令他在大多数同辈中独树一帜。
[说明]　set sb./sth. apart作“使……与众不同；与……分别放置/隔离”用法时，常常与from连用；作“(为了某种用途而)取出，分开，保留，储备”用法时，往往与介词for连用。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①What sets it apart ________ hundreds of similar small French towns is the huge factory.
②We need to set out ________ (find) a solution to increasing production.
③You must set apart some money ________ the future.
④They decided to set a day apart ________ the work.
⑤Each week she tried ________ (set) aside some US dollars ________ use back home.
⑥They set her ________ (do) the work.
⑦The teacher set the pupils ________ good example.
⑧They set the machine ________ (go).
5．push oneself to the limits把自己逼到极限
push oneself too hard 给自己太大的压力
push sb. into (doing) sth. 说服某人(做)某事
push sb. to do sth. 鞭策某人做某事
push one's way 挤过去
push up 推上去；增高，提高
push for 急切、强烈地要求，为……奋力争取
push one's buttons 使某人深有感触
push the envelope 超越界线；突破
My favourite thing to do is distance running because it's a challenge. I like to push myself to the limits and see how far I can go.
我最喜欢做的事就是长跑，因为它是一个挑战。我喜欢把自己逼到极限，看自己可以跑多远。
He's been pushing himself too hard, working 12-hour days.
他给自己的压力太大了，每天工作12小时。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①My husband pushed me into ________ (leave) the job.
②The teachers pushed the students ________ (achieve).
③Shops are no longer allowed to push ________ their prices whenever they want.
④I shall really have to push ________ (me) to finish this book before the contract date.
⑤The newspaper reporters have been pushing the government ________ details.
⑥We can't push any more people ________； the bus is full！
6．strive for...为……而奋斗；努力争取……(strove, striven))
strive against 同……作斗争
strive to do sth. 力争做某事
strive against the stream 不随波逐流
He strove for the prize.他努力以求得奖。
He strove to win the prize.＝He strove for the prize.
他为得奖而努力拼搏。
He had to strive against fears.他必须与恐惧感抗争。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We encourage all the employees ________ (strive) for the highest standards.
②We must strive ________ (narrow) the gap between rich and poor.
第三版块|典型句式
1．形容词＋宾语从句
(教材原句)He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with...
他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情……
We're sure that they will stand by us.
我们肯定他们会支持我们。
I am certain that he will deliver on his promise.
我确信他会履行诺言。
[说明]　宾语从句分为三类：①动词的宾语从句；②介词的宾语从句；③形容词的宾语从句。
He told us that he would help us through the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中他都会帮我们忙的。
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我打扰你这么长时间。
[归纳拓展]　许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。结构：主语＋动词＋it＋形容词/名词等作宾语补足语＋宾语从句。
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.
我们认为他对每个人都说谎是不对的。
He hasn't made it known when he is going to get married.
他还没宣布他何时结婚。
[学法点拨]　有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句。后常接宾语从句的形容词有aware、confident、delighted、disappointed、sure、certain、glad、pleased、happy、sorry afraid、satisfied、surprised等。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We are delighted ________ the production plan has been fulfilled ahead of schedule.
②I thought it impossible ________ he could finish this job in just two hours.
完成句子
③They are all aware ________________________ (赢得的机会很小).
④I'm very pleased ________________________ (你决定参加了).
⑤She was disappointed ______________________________ (她被公司拒绝了).
⑥I'm not certain ____________________ (他什么时候来).
⑦He is glad ________________________________________ (在他生病的时候李明去看望他).
2．in order to用于构成目的状语
(教材原句)．..I was too busy hiring a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes.
……我忙于在约翰内斯堡市中心租车，开车闯过“禁行”区，以便和当地的铁人三项运动员一起骑行训练。
[易错警示]　
(1)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句；引导目的状语从句时必须放在主句之后，且从句谓语须有can、may、could、might等情态动词，而in order that引导目的状语从句时放在主句之前或主句之后均可。
(2)so that引导结果状语从句时， that可以省略。
(3)so that引导结果状语从句时，是指因主句的原因而产生的结果，所以从句中一般没有can/could、may/might等情态动词。比较：
I went to the lecture hall early so that I got a good seat.
我很早就去了报告厅，结果占了一个好座位。(结果)
I went the lecture hall early so that I could get a good seat.我很早就去了报告厅，以便能占个好座位。(目的)
[拓展]　in order that/so that用于引导目的状语从句，从句中常含有can、may、could、might等情态动词。
他戴上了眼镜，以便看清楚它。
He put on his glasses in order to see it clearly.
＝In order to see it clearly, he put on his glasses.
＝He put on his glasses so as to see it clearly.
＝He put on his glasses in order that/so that he could see it clearly.
[说明]　in order to do sth.和so as to do sth.均可在句中表示谓语动词的目的，但注意：
(1)in order to可放在句首或句中，否定形式是in order not to；
(2)so as to不可放在句首，否定形式是so as not to。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①She has turned down several invitations to star at shows ____________________ (为了集中精力学习).
②What's more, ____________________ (为了多了解中国文化), it is of importance for you to be aware of the content, Tang Poetry.
③The professor put on a mask ________________________ (以免被发现).
④I made the little girl stand on a chair __________________________________ (好让她看得见).
⑤The student worked very hard ______________________________________ (结果他被清华大学录取).
3．would...rather than...句型
(教材原句)．..I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather than go out and play...
……为了在课业上名列前茅，午餐时间我会留下来学习而不出去玩……
[句式分析]　would rather...than...，意为“更愿……而不愿……”“宁可……而不愿……”“和……相比，更愿意做……”。表主观意愿，在两者中选其一。than前后的两个相比较的部分一般是对等的，也就是我们说的平行结构。
would rather...than..., would...rather than..., rather than...would...可互换。would是情态动词，情态动词后要接动词原形。所以，当它后面接动词时，需要使用动词原形；同时，因为than前后两个相比较的部分对等，所以than后面也要接动词原形。
Tom would rather die than surrender.
＝Tom would die rather than surrender.
＝Rather than surrender, Tom would die.
汤姆宁死也不投降。
She'd rather die than give in.她宁愿死也不愿意屈服。
Would you rather go home than stay here
你宁愿回家也不愿留在这里吗？
Rather than work in factories, he would give up.
与其在工厂工作，他宁愿放弃。
I would rather go shopping by bus than by taxi.
我宁愿坐公共汽车去购物而不愿坐出租车。
Tom would rather not work in Shenzhen than in Shanghai.
汤姆宁愿不在深圳工作也不愿在上海工作。
Tom would rather have rice than noodles.
汤姆宁愿吃米饭也不愿吃面条。
[易错警示]　
(1)当than前后相比较的两者使用的动词相同， than后的动词就可以省略。
(2)than前后相比较的两者要使用同类的词或词组。
(3)would rather do...than...的否定形式为在rather后加否定词not，即would rather not do...than...。
(4)在疑问句式中， would放在主语之前。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Rather than ________ (go) there by air, I'd take the slowest train.
②I would rather ________ (watch) TV at home than ________ (go) to the movies.
一句多译
我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。
③I would ________ stay at home ________ go out.
④I would ________ (stay) at home rather ________ go out.
⑤Rather than ________ (go) out, I would ________ (stay) at home.
4．while连接并列分句
(教材原句)．..I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool while other kids played pool games...
……十岁的时候，当别的孩子在泳池戏水时，我会自己乘公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回……
[句式分析]　句中while作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比。如：
There's plenty of rain in the southeast, while there's little in the northeast.
东南部雨量充足，而东北部则很少下雨。
Some people believe that they can't help putting on weight as they get older, while others hold that if they stop exercising, their muscles will turn into fat.
有些人认为，随着年龄的增长，其体重会不由自主地增加，而其他人认为，如果停止锻炼，他们的肌肉会变成脂肪。
[归纳拓展]　
while还有以下几种常见用法：
①只要(＝as long as)
There will be life while there is water and air.只要有空气和水，就会有生命。
②当……时，在……期间
We must have been burgled while we were asleep.我们睡着时贼一定入室盗窃了。
③虽然；尽管(＝although)(表示让步)
While I see what you say, I can't agree with you.虽然我理解你说的话，但是我不能同意。
[即学即练]　写出下面句中while的含义
①I kept watch while they slept.____________
②While (she was) listening to the radio, she fell asleep.____________
③While in the countryside, he learned to grow some crops.____________
④Some people respect him, while others despise (轻视) him.____________
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The employees in this company can ________ (租用) a dress at a minimum price.
2．Before you give the water to your baby nephew, you have to ________ (煮沸) it first.
3．The boat they hired for the weekend is ten metres in ________ (长度).
4．My best mate was told to stay in bed to rest her ________ (受伤的) back.
5．The ________ (平均的) age of competitors was 52.
6．It's ________ (正常的) to feel a little depressed when someone is faced with failure.
7．The government organised ________ (自卫的) measures against the enemy.
8．The story lacked ________ (要素) of a popular soap opera.
9．The poem highlighted great ________ (强烈) of feelings.
10．You should be ashamed for your ________ (自私的) behaviour.
11．She used to ________ (牺牲) her precious time for meaningless things.
12．You can find ________ (无数的) jokes from this app.
13．Most people I know work fairly hard but my demanding boss takes it to ________ (极端).
14．We are constantly ________ (努力) to improve our service.
15．She had a brilliant ________ (学术的) career.
16．A couple of minor mistakes ________ (毁坏) his chances of getting the job.
17．You can ________ (跳过) the next chapter if you have covered the topic in class.
Ⅱ.短语填空
push oneself to the limits, be willing to, stay in, set sb. apart, on a day-to-day basis, be busy, apply oneself to, be committed to, strive for, be born with
1．Schools ____________ providing high quality physical and emotional education.
2．I ____________ share my tips on how to fight against the flu.
3．We must ____________ our country constantly!
4．The educationalist ____________ writing his new book for children living in the poverty.
5．He ____________ humour.
6．I will ____________ tonight because tomorrow is the deadline for my paper.
7．It's difficult to ____________ a task with so many distractions around me.
8．With the deadline approaching, I need to ____________．
9．Her elegant style ____________ from other competitors.
10．The owner usually hires a manager to run the team ____________．
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight when he could ________ (steal) the money and paid for a place to stay in.
2．No matter ________ you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
3．The parents were asked to interact with their children as they ________ (normal) would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time.
4．Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work ________！ You will feel energized all day long.
5．Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters ________ (hire) to sell tickets and promote the event.
6．Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and ________ the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own.
7．This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many ________ (extreme) lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating.
8．When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ________ (ruin).
9．The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training ________ new faces in the testing stage.
10．The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same ________ (long) of green twice in row, especially at rush hour.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．有些员工作出了巨大牺牲，然而另外一些员工行为却很自私。(while连接并列句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．他宁愿自己一个人处理难题而不愿告诉家人。(would do...rather than do...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．我朋友心情沮丧的原因是出版商拒绝了他的投稿。(The reason why...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．这位野心勃勃的商人正忙着扩大自己的生意。(be busy doing)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．为了晋升，她无数个日夜都在忙着这个项目。(in order to)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section D　Lesson 3　Getting To The Top
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．strive　2.ruin　3.skip　4.rugby　5.average
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．extreme; extreme; extremely　2.defend; defence; defensive
3．selfish; selfless; selflessly; selfishly　4.count; countless; counter; countable; uncountable　5.boil; boiling; boiled
6．long; length; lengthen　7.injure; injured; injury
8．normal; abnormal; normally　9.athlete; triathlete; athletic
10．academy; academically
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．push oneself to the limits　2.be focused on　3.strive for...
4．be left with　5.could have done　6.deep down　7.be busy doing sth.　8.hire a car　9.boil down to sth.　10.be born with　11.apply oneself to sth.　12.set sb./sth. apart
13．being average　14.be willing to do sth.
1．桌子对面　2.处于……危险之中　3.日复一日地；每日　4.这么自私　5.这些牺牲是为什么？　6.无数个生日派对　7.巨量的；海量的　8.待在家里；不外出；待在室内　9.走在前面；领先　10.而不是……　11.靠某人自己　12.致力于　13.受伤　14.宁愿做某事，更喜欢做某事
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
1．reasons　2.fun to　3.danger　4.hard　5.takes　6.ruin　7.apart
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．A　2.B　3.B　4.A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．athletes　2.extremes　3.a　4.endless　5.determination　6.to　7.myself　8.committed　9.to have　10.what
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①was ruined　②ruins　③in　④ruined our journey
⑤ruined his chance　⑥fall into ruin　⑦reduced the village to ruins
2．①a　②along　③不吃　④跳绳　⑤略过
3．①for/on　②himself　③out　④to drive　⑤rent　⑥hire ⑦employ
4．①boiled　②boiled　③boiling　④to　⑤away　⑥comes to boil
5．①a　②length　③in　④at　⑤The biggest is about four metres long
6．①apart　②himself　③came　④tell　⑤set　⑥took
7．①below　②an　③On　④名词，平均水平　⑤形容词，平均的　⑥形容词，普通的
8．①normally　②abnormal　③to　④to feel　⑤above ⑥usual　⑦average　⑧normal
第二版块|重要短语
1．①stay behind　②stay awake　③stay healthy　④stay up late
2．①applies　②herself　③to　④apply yourself to the job　⑤apply to your situation　⑥applied for the post　⑦has been applied to
3．①with　②to be　③into　④with　⑤of　⑥to
4．①from　②to find　③for　④for　⑤to set; for　⑥to do　⑦a　⑧going
5．①leaving　②to achieve　③up　④myself　⑤for　⑥in
6．①to strive　②to narrow
第三版块|典型句式
1．①that　②that　③that there is little chance to win　④that you've decided to take part　⑤that she was turned down by the company　⑥when he will come　⑦that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill
2．①in order/so as to concentrate on her studies　②in order to have much knowledge of Chinese culture　③in order/so as not to be discovered　④so that/in order that she could see　⑤so that he was admitted to Qinghua University
3．①go　②watch; go　③rather; than　④stay; than ⑤go; stay
4．①当……时候　②当……时候　③当……时候　④而，然而
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．hire　2.boil　3.length　4.injured　5.average　6.normal
7．defensive　8.elements　9.intensity　10.selfish
11．sacrifice　12.countless　13.extremes　14.striving
15．academic　16.ruined　17.skip
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．are committed to　2.am willing to　3.strive for　4.is busy
5．was born with　6.stay in　7.apply myself to　8.push myself to the limits　9.set her apart　10.on a day-to-day basis
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．解析：have stolen　由语境可知此处讲述过去的事情，且是对过去事情的假设。could have done意为“本能够做而未做”。句意：想想看他今晚本可以偷钱并找地方住下的，现在却睡在大街上。
2．解析：what　no matter what引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，都有一种方式可以参与地球日的各种活动。
3．解析：normally　修饰动词要用副词。句意：父母被要求像往常一样和他们的孩子们互动，并且研究中大约有一半的孩子曾经玩过拼图游戏。
4．解析：out　work out锻炼。句意：把你的闹钟提前一个小时，强迫自己去锻炼！你一整天都会感到精力充沛。
5．解析：are hired　hire在句中为谓语动词，主语是hire动作的承受者，描述现在的状况，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。句意：画家、数字媒体专家、摄影师、票务代理和推广人员被聘请来售票和推广这个活动。
6．解析：that　and连接前后两个并列的宾语从句。句意：Axani在他的帖子中写道，他并不寻求任何回报，使用额外机票的女士可以选择和他一起旅行，也可以拿着机票独自旅行。
7．解析：extremely　修饰形容词lonely，要用副词。句意：这使琼斯得出结论，在他的社区中有太多极度孤独的人，他们很容易成为被欺骗的对象。
8．解析：ruins　in ruins成为废墟。ruin表示“废墟”时常用复数形式。句意：第二天，他们回到洛克威时，发现他们的社区已经成为废墟。
9．解析：to　apply...to...将……应用于……，为固定搭配。句意：该项研究表明，这些动物已经知道如何将它们在训练中学到的关于人类面孔的知识应用到测试阶段的新面孔上。
10．解析：length　the same length相同的长度。句意：华盛顿贝尔维尤的法克托利亚大道上的交通信号灯通常不会连续两次闪烁相同长度的绿灯，尤其是在交通高峰期。
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．Some employees have made great sacrifices, while others' behaviour was selfish.
2．He would handle the problem on his own rather than tell his family.
3．The reason why my friend felt depressed was that the publisher rejected his contribution.
4．The ambitious businessman is busy expanding his business.
5．In order to get promotion, she spent countless days and nights on the project.Section E　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 铁；熨斗
2．____________ n. 方式，特点
3．____________ vi. 退休；退职
4．____________ vi. 突然倒下；倒塌
5．____________ n. 自制力　vt. 惩罚，处罚
6．____________ n. 标签，标记 vt. 贴标签于
7．____________ n. 榔头；锤子
8．____________ n. 收入；收益
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.认可；认出→________ adj.公认的；经过检验的→________ n．认可；认出，识别
2．________ vi.& vt.增进；捐献；促成→________ n．捐献；贡献；投稿→________ n．贡献者；捐助者；投稿人
3．________ vi.退休；退职→________ adj.不爱与人交往的→________ adj.退休的，退役的→________ n．退休；退休生活
4．________ v．献身→________ adj.忠诚的；全心全意的→________ n．奉献；忠心
5．________ n．前进；进展；提前→________ v．前进；提前→________ adj.先进的；高级的；晚期的
6．________ v．参考，查阅→________ n．推荐信；谈到，提及
7．________ n．相信；信任→________ adj.忠诚的；忠实的；如实的→________ adv.忠实地；忠诚地；如实地
8．________ n．自制力；纪律；行为准则→________ vt.惩罚，处罚→________ adj.受过训练的；遵守纪律的
9．________ v．拒绝→________ n．嫌弃；拒绝接受
10．________ n．时尚→________ adj.时髦的→________ adv.赶时髦地
11．found vt.创立；创建→________ n．建立者→________ n．地基；基础
12．enter vt.& vi.进入，入学，入会，参加→________ n．进入；入场；入会→________ n．入口；大门；入学，入会，登场
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________ 最受认可的运动员之一
2．________________ 为……作出巨大的贡献
3．________________ 强劲而凌厉的球风
4．________________ 得到“铁榔头”的美名
5．________________ 在她的领导下
6．________________ 她对职业生涯的奉献/投入
7．________________ 获得成功；赶上
8．________________ 推荐信
9．________________ 对……充满信心
10．________________ 更多关注
11．________________ 参加他的葬礼
12．________________ 非常失望
将英文短语译成汉语
1．achieve a series of success　________________
2．because of ________________
3．her ability to take on challenges ________________
4．retire as an athlete ________________
5．Lang Ping's commitment to Chinese volleyball ________________
6．sit back ________________
7．participate in ________________
8．take up a position ________________
9．describe sb. as ________________
10．be rejected by ________________
11．have discipline ________________
12．in one's view ________________
13．a fashion designer ________________
14．pay off ________________
15．put simply ________________
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．recognised adj.公认的；经过检验的　recognise vt.承认；认出；认可　recognition n．承认；认出；赏识
(教材原句)Lang Ping is one of China's most recognised athletes.郎平是中国最受认可的运动员之一。
(1)a recognized
an officially recognised English language school
官方认可的英语学校
(2)recognise one's voice 辨别出某人的声音
recognise...as/to be... 承认/认为……是……
be recognised as/to be... 被认为是……
recognise that/wh-从句 承认/意识到……
It is recognised that... 人们公认……
(3)change beyond/out of all recognition
(变得)(完全)认不出来；变得面目全非
receive full recognition 得到完全认可
They are each recognised specialists in their respective fields.
他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。
The hospital is recognised as a centre of excellence in research and teaching.这所医院被认为是成就卓著的研究和教学中心。
He is recognised to be one of the greatest poets in the 20th century.他被公认是20世纪最伟大的诗人之一。
It is recognised that Jane is the most intelligent girl among us.
大家承认简是我们当中最聪明的女孩。
After 25 years the town centre had changed beyond all recognition.25年过去了，市中心变得完全认不出来了。
[比较]　recognised adj.得到认可的
recognisable adj.易于识别的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①His government did not receive full ________ (recognise) by the United States until July.
②The magazine recognised her ________ a national leader in education reform.
③I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed ________ recognition.
④Professor Smith is recognised ________ (be) one of the greatest scholars in English philology.
⑤The moment I saw her, I ________ (recognise) her, although she changed a lot through the years.
2．contribute vi.& vt.增进；捐赠；促成；投稿，撰稿　contribution n．贡献；捐款（赠）；稿件　contributor n．贡献者；捐助者；投稿人
(教材原句)She has been a volleyball star for more than thirty-five years and has contributed greatly to the sport...
她成为排球明星已经35年多了，并为这项运动作出了巨大的贡献……
(1)contribute to 为……作出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成；给……撰稿；是……的原因之一
contribute...to... 为……贡献/捐献……
(2)make a contribution/contributions to
为……做出贡献；向……捐款
make an important contribution/make important contributions to
为……做出重要贡献
I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.我相信我们每一个人都能够对世界的未来有所贡献。
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
He contributes regularly to the magazine New Scientist.
他定期给《新科学家》杂志撰稿。
He has made an important contribution to the company's success.他对公司的成功作出了重要的贡献。
[语境助记]　
It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum of money.她很大方，捐助了这么一大笔钱。(It's generous of sb. to do sth.某人做某事很慷慨。)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①All the money has been raised by voluntary ________ (contribute).
②We contributed ￡5，000 ________ the earthquake fund.
③He made a very positive contribution to ________ (build) the project successfully.
写出句中contribute的含义
④Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.____________
⑤The local government hoped that everybody living in the region contributed to the Red Cross.____________
⑥I was asked to contribute to the local newspaper making predictions for the new year.____________
3．retire vi.退休；退职　retiring adj.即将退休的；不爱与人交往的　retired adj.退休的，退役的,retirement n．退休；退休生活；退出
(教材原句)After retiring as an athlete in 1986, she became a successful volleyball coach in the United States and Italy.
1986年以运动员身份退役后，她作为美国和意大利的排球教练而获得成功。
retire from 从……退休
retire as 以……职位退休
retire from
a quiet and retiring man 话少而又腼腆的男子
have reached the retiring age 已到退休年龄
a retired
take early retirement 提前退休
retirement age 退休年龄
a retirement pension 退休金
in retirement 退休
come out of retirement 复出
His grandfather retired from work through injury.
他祖父因伤而退休。
He wants to retire as the greatest basketball player who ever lived.他想以有史以来最伟大的篮球运动员的身份退休。
In his retirement, he lived a life of ease.
他退休后过着悠闲舒适的生活。
Sebastian Coe will come out of retirement to run the London marathon.塞巴斯蒂安科将复出参加伦敦马拉松赛。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He has no plans to retire ________ an editor of the magazine.
②He spent the last fourteen years of his life ________ retirement.
③A ________ (retire) person should not be made to feel he's on the shelf.
④She was forced to retire early ________ teaching because of ill health.
⑤She came out of ________ (retire) to win two gold medals at the championships.
⑥I'm still that shy, ________ (retire) little girl who was afraid to ask for sweets in the shop.
4．advanced adj.先进的；高级的；晚期的　advance n．前进；进展；提前　v．预付；增长；提前；促进
(教材原句)．..developing advanced cameras that can see through the Earth's crust so that it can be analysed without having to dig into it.……开发出能够穿透地壳的先进照相机，这样就可以在不深入地壳的情况下对其进行分析。
(1)advanced technology　　　 先进技术
advanced courses 高级课程
advanced material 先进的材料
advanced mathematics 高等数学
(2)of advanced years/sb.'s advanced age
高龄；年事已高
(3)make advances (in) (在……方面)进步，有进展
in advance (＝ahead of time/schedule)
提前；预先，事先
in advance of 在……前面；比……先进；超过
advance one's knowledge of 增长某人有关……的知识
be advanced by 由……促进
The subject of the talk is announced a week in advance.
会谈的主题已提前一周宣布。
I had asked everyone to submit questions in advance of the meeting.我已请每个人在会议之前提交问题。
Such books are likely to advance your knowledge of European history.这类书可能会增长你有关欧洲历史的知识。
We should learn their advanced experience in management from them.我们应该向他们学习先进的管理经验。
It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary.
建立一个高级的、庞大的词汇量并不是那么难。
[语境助记]　
The disease was too far advanced to be treated.
病情已经发展到晚期，没法治疗了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They use the Internet as a tool ________ (advance) their research.
②He was suffering from cancer which had already reached an ________ (advance) stage.
③Galileo's ideas were well ________ advance of the age in which he lived.
④While humans make ________ (advance) in some areas, they are always threatening the existence of natural resources.
完成句子
⑤You have to fix visits up ________________ (提前) with the museum.
⑥In the parade, the band will march ________________ (在……前面) the football team.
⑦The Chinese scientists ____________________________ (取得进步) in the last few years on several major fronts.
5．collapse vi.& n．突然倒下；倒塌；晕倒；突然失败；瓦解；崩溃；暴跌
(教材原句)In November 2016, Huang collapsed and was taken to hospital, where he was diagnosed with cancer.
2016年11月，黄晕倒并被送往医院，在那里他被确诊癌症。
collapse from 由于……而倒塌；由于……而垮掉
collapse under 被……压塌
collapse on the sofa 倒在沙发上
complete economic collapse 彻底的经济崩溃
in danger of collapse 有倒塌的危险
collapse under the weight of 在……重压下突然坍塌
The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。
He collapsed in the street and died two hours later.
他昏倒在大街上，两个小时后去世了。
He collapsed with a heart attack while he was dancing.
他跳舞时因心脏病突发晕倒了。
The walls were strengthened to protect them from collapse.
围墙已加固以防倒塌。
A few days after his collapse he was sitting up in bed.
他病倒后过了几天就在床上起身坐着了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The patient ultimately collapsed ________ heart failure.
②It seems that the walls will collapse ________ the load of these roofs.
写出句中collapse的词性及含义
③His business empire collapsed under a massive burden of debt.____________
④The governor called for an inquiry into the apartment's collapse.____________
⑤She was so tired when she got home that she collapsed on the bed.____________
6．forwards adv.向前
(教材原句)Like the true scientist he was, Huang never gave up, but always tried to push forwards.
作为一个真正的科学家，黄从不放弃，总是努力向前。
backwards and forwards 来回地
bring forward 把……提前；提出
look forward (to) 期待，盼望
push forward... 推进……；抓紧进行
push sb./oneself forward 使引人注目；使出风头；突显
put forward 提出(建议等)；把(表)拨快
Space scientists and astronomers have taken another step forwards.航天科学家和天文学家又取得了进展。
Travelling backwards and forwards every day costs him too much money.每天来回奔波花了他太多的钱。
She leaned forwards/forward and kissed her son on the cheek.
她倾身向前，吻了她儿子的面颊。
It was decided to bring the meeting forward two weeks.
已决定把会议提前两周。
Looking forward, we hope to expand our operations in several of our overseas branches.
展望未来，我们希望拓展我们其中几家海外分公司的业务。
He put forward a plan for the committee to consider.
他提出一项计划交由全体委员审议。
[说明]　forwards只作副词，而forward可用作形容词、副词或动词，后者更为常用。
[即学即练]　选词填空：look/put/push
①China would use its influence to help ________ forward the peace process.
②Come and bring your wife or another guest. We ________ forward to seeing you.
③He has ________ forward a proposal concerning child health.
完成句子
④My grandfather rocked ________________________ (来回地) on his chair.
⑤He had to ________________ (把……提前) an 11 o'clock meeting so that he could get to the funeral on time.
⑥We ________________ (期待) seeing Mrs Brown in Luoyang this evening.
7．reference n．推荐信；说到(或写到)的事，谈到，提及；参考，参照；征求，征询　,refer v．提到；涉及；查阅；交给
(教材原句)．..he continued his work, writing letters of reference for his colleagues and replying to questions from his students.……他继续他的工作，为他的同事写推荐信，回答学生的问题。
a reference letter　　　　推荐信
a reference book 参考书
for future reference 供日后参考
in/with reference to 关于
without reference to 不考虑……；置……于不顾
take up references 收推荐信
make no reference to 没提及……
refer to 指的是；提到；涉及；参考
refer sb./sth. to sb. 把某人/某事物交给某人
refer to...as... 称……是……；认为……是……
I would appreciate it if you could write a reference letter for me.
如果您能为我写一封推荐信，我将不胜感激。
The library contains a large number of foreign language reference books.图书馆有大量的外文参考书。
This test is to be taken by all pupils without reference to age or grade.这次测验的对象是全体小学生，无关年龄和年级。
When I said some people were stupid I wasn't referring to you.当我说有些人很蠢的时候，我指的不是你。
Refer to the dictionary when you don't know how to spell a word.当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时，查阅一下词典。
She referred to the novel as a good history book.
她把这本小说称作一本好的史册。
He referred me to a receptionist.
他指引我到接待员那里。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________ (refer).
②In fact, tradition also refers ________ the things that have been developing and that are still being created.
③He admitted ________ (refer) to his notes in the exam.
④The scientist referred to the discovery ________ the most exciting new development in this field.
⑤The members referred the question ________ the committee, as they were unable to reach a decision.
完成句子
⑥You should ________ this matter __________________ (把……提交给) the head office for a decision.
⑦The children used to ______________________ (把那位老师称为) Grandpa.
8．faith n．相信；信任；宗教信仰；真诚　faithful adj.忠诚的；忠实的；如实的　faithfully adv.忠实地；忠诚地；如实地
(教材原句)He had great faith in the talent of the up-and-coming generation.他对前程似锦的这一代人才充满信心。
(1)have faith in 对……抱有信心
lose faith in 不再信任；对……失去信心
break faith 背信弃义；失信
in good faith 诚心诚意地
put faith in 相信；信任
destroy one's faith 毁掉某人的信仰
(2)be faithful to 忠实于；忠心于
There are a lot of difficulties in front of us, yet we still have faith in victory.
虽然我们面临许多困难，但是我们仍对胜利充满信心。
He still has great talent, but he has lost faith in himself.
他仍然很有才气，却对自己失去了信心。
Never break faith, or you will lose all your friends.
不要背信弃义，否则你将失去所有的朋友。
Never lose your faith in the experiment.
你永远不要对实验失去信心。
His translation manages to be faithful to the spirit of the original.他的译文做到了忠于原文。
[易错警示]　faith在表示“信任……”时，后须接介词in。faith后可接由that引导的同位语从句。
I have great faith that this will happen.
我很有信心，这会发生。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We are all ________ (faith) listeners to the programme.
②She promised ________ (faithful) not to tell anyone my secret.
③She had been faithful ________ her promise to guard this secret.
④He sold us the car ________ good faith, not knowing that it didn't run properly.
选词填空： lose/put
⑤He has ________ faith in his ability since he failed the exam.
⑥When you ________ faith in yourself, you will always be full of power.
9．found vt.创立；创建；建立　founder n．创办者，发起人　foundation n．创建；基础；地基
(教材原句)The late Apple CEO Steve Jobs experienced failure early in his career, when he was fired from the company he had co-founded.
已故的苹果公司首席执行官史蒂夫·乔布斯在职业生涯早期经历过失败，当时他被自己共同创立的公司解雇。
found a
found sth. on sth.＝base sth. on sth.
把……建立在……的基础上
be founded on... 建立在……的基础上
one of the founders of ……的创建人之一
lay/provide a (firm/solid) foundation for
为……打下(坚实的)基础
without foundation 没有根据
Mr Smith founded a library and a hospital in the town.
史密斯先生在这座镇上建了一个图书馆和一家医院。
I found my hopes of success on my own hard work.
我把成功的希望建立在我辛勤的工作之上。
Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect.
他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。
Careful planning laid the foundations for the nation's economic miracle.精心的规划为国家的经济奇迹奠定了基础。
[易混警示]　
(1)·found “建立，创立(机构、组织等)”，同set up，但更强调打基础；
·build “建造，建立”，常指建造大型建筑物，可接具体或抽象的名词；
·put up “建造，搭建”，指搭建高于地平面的小型建筑物。
(2)found (建立)—founded—founded
find (发现)—found—found
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Although she ________ (found) her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit.
②It's widely accepted that friendship is founded ________ mutual trust.
③According to the old tradition, Romulus was the ________ (found) of Rome.
④Europe's 100 most valuable firms ________ (found) more than 40 years ago.
⑤Respect and friendship provide a solid ________ (found) for marriage.
10．promotion n．提升，晋升；促进，增进；推广，促销　promote vt.晋升；促进)
(教材原句)After 15 years at the magazine, she was passed over for promotion to editor-in-chief.
在杂志社干了15年后，她没有晋升为主编。
try for promotion 争取晋升
win promotion 赢得晋级
recommend sb. for promotion 推荐提升某人
get a promotion 得到/晋升/提升
a promotion to 提升为……(职位)
sales promotion 促销
a chance for promotion 晋级/晋升的机会
business/marketing/trade/website promotion
业务/市场/贸易/网站推广
be promoted to... 被提升为……
I have every confidence that he'll get a promotion soon.
我很有信心，他很快就会得到晋升。
Personal contact is beneficial to the promotion of understanding.
面谈有利于增进了解。
This year's sales promotions haven't been very successful.
今年的促销活动不是很成功。
He was promoted from assistant sales manager to sales manager.他从助理销售经理晋升为销售经理。
[拓展]　
promote sb. (from...) to...
把某人(从……)提拔到……
get promoted升职
promote peace促进和平
promote sb. to sth.
把某人提升到某个职位上
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Fortunately, Helen has been promoted ________ general manager.
②As she had always been working hard, Miss Smith got ________ (promote) soon.
③The news of her ________ (promote) went over well with her colleagues.
④After several years' hard work, I ________ (promote) to editor and then editorial director.
11．label n．标签，标记　vt.贴标签于；把……称为
(教材原句)However, this setback prompted her to set up her own bridal fashion label.
然而，这一挫折促使她创立了自己的婚纱时尚品牌。
(1)a designer label 名牌
on the label 在标签上
attach/paste a label 粘贴标签
remove/take off a label 除去标签
with a label 带有标签
a logo label 商标
(2)label...with sth. 在……上用某物标注；把……
贴在……上
label...(as)... (尤指不公正地)把……称为……
I read the information on the label before deciding which jam to buy.我先看果酱标签上的说明再决定买哪种。
She put a label on the bottle.她在瓶子上贴标签。
You have to attach a label to a box while posting it.
邮寄箱子时需在箱子上贴上标签。
Make sure your luggage is properly labelled.
确保你行李上的标签贴好。
We carefully labelled each item with the contents and the date.我们仔细地把每件物品用标签标明成分和日期。
He was labelled as a conservative.他被称为保守派。
[语境助记]　Women are tired of being labelled as unskilled workers.
妇女厌倦被列为非熟练工人。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She labelled the case ________ her name and address.
②The man ________ (label) as a traitor by his former colleagues.
③Never smoke on deck except in areas labelled ________ smoking areas.
完成句子
④According to the symbol ________________ (在标签上), this sweater should be washed by hand.
12．entrance n．进入许可；入口；进入；登场
(教材原句)Twice failing the college entrance examination at home, Lee turned to study drama in the US...
在国内两次高考失利后，李安转而去美国学习戏剧……
gain entrance to 进入
have free entrance to 免费进入
make one's/an entrance 出场；登台
an entrance examination 入学考试
at the entrance (to...) 在(……)入口处
the entrance to 通向……的入口(to表示方向)
the entrance of... ……的入口处(of表示所属关系)
the college entrance examination
高考/大学入学考试
entrance fees 入场费
The police were unable to gain entrance to the house.
警方无法进入这栋房子。
Guests have free entrance to the swimming pool and the health club.客人们可以免费使用游泳池和健身俱乐部。
When he made his entrance on stage, there was uproar.
当他登上舞台时，全场一片哗然。
[学法点拨]　名词后用of表示所属关系是最常见的用法。但在某些名词出现时，常用to来表示所属关系。如：
the entrance to...　　　　……的入口
the exit to... ……的出口
the answer to... ……的答案
the bridge to... 通向……的桥
the key to... ……的钥匙；……的关键
the secret to... ……的秘诀
the way to... 通向……的路
the solution to... ……的解决方案
[拓展]　
enter v．进入；输入；报名参加
enter for报名参加(比赛)
Fifty competitors have entered for the spring long distance race.已经有50名选手报名参加春季长跑比赛。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The students ________ (enter) the exhibition hall group by group.
②Last Sunday ten students from our class entered ________ the swim across the Yangtze River.
③The statue of the Little Mermaid stands at the entrance ________ the harbour.
④Many students have insufficient science and mathematics background to gain ________ (enter) to engineering school.
⑤I won't tell the student the answer ________ the maths problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.
完成句子
⑥At twenty to six I was waiting by __________________________________ (通向……的入口) the station.
⑦________________ (……的解决方案) this problem is acceptable.
13．income n．收入；收益
(教材原句)During six years with no income, he had to depend on his wife.
在没有收入的六年中，他不得不依靠他的妻子。
a high/large income 高收入
a low/small income 低收入
the average income 平均收入
have an income of 有……的收入
a source of income 收入来源
Many families on low incomes will be unable to afford to buy their own house.许多低收入家庭将买不起自己的房子。
To cover its costs, the company will need an annual income of ￡5 million.公司年收入需要达到500万英镑才能收支平衡。
[比较]　income/pay/salary/wage
(1)income指收入、收益、所得
(2)pay指工资、薪水
(3)salary通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金
(4)wage通常指按小时或按周领取的工资、工钱
[即学即练]　完成句子
①The journalist over there ________________ (收入很高).
②We ________________ (有……的收入) over $100，000 a year.
选词填空：income/pay/salary/wage
③Teachers will be awarded a 6% ________ increase this year.
④The Inland Revenue is responsible for collecting ________ tax.
⑤In our family both my husband and I are ________ earners.
第二版块|重要短语
1．take on 呈现；雇用；承担
(教材原句)Lang Ping became a star in China because of her success, her positive attitude and her ability to take on challenges.
郎平因为她的成功、积极向上的态度和接受挑战的魄力，成了中国的明星。
take after (外貌或行为)像(父或母)
take apart 拆开；拆卸
take a turn for the better/worse 突然好转/恶化
take it easy 别急；沉住气；从容点
take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
The chameleon can take on the colours of its background.
变色龙可以变成周围环境的颜色。
Don't take on more responsibilities than you can handle.
不要承担超出你能力范围的责任。
Your daughter doesn't take after you at all.
你女儿长得一点儿都不像你。
Take the watch apart and see if you can find out what's wrong with it.把这块表拆开，看看你能否找到故障在哪儿。
The doctor told me to take it easy.医生叫我放轻松。
It's an important decision for you, so take your time to think it over.对你来说，这是一项重要的决定，因此慢慢考虑一下吧。
[语境助记]　
He's spoken to a publishing firm. The manager is going to take him on．他和一家出版公司谈过了。经理打算雇用他。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It's nice to sit down and take ________ easy after a hard day's work.
②With her light hair and blue eyes Mary seems to take ________ her mother, but in character she is more like her father.
③He took the machine ________ to show every detail of its operation.
写出句中take on的含义
④Every classroom in our school is bright and clean and takes on a new look.____________
⑤He took on the responsibility for protecting her.____________
⑥Our factory will take on twenty more workers next month.____________
2．make it取得成功；及时到达
(教材原句)They figure they've made it, and then they sit back in their comfort zone.
他们认为自己成功了，然后就在自己的舒适区什么都不做。
make it to 到达；及时赶到
make up for 补偿；弥补
make out 辨认出；明白，理解
make the best of 尽力而为/充分利用
make up one's mind 下定决心
make good/full use of 好好/充分利用
The earliest possible date I can make it is the third.
我最早也要到三号才能赶到。
This will make up for what he lacked in book knowledge.这将会弥补他所缺的书本知识。
He could just make out a dark shape moving towards him.他隐约看到有个黑影朝他走来。
We should make full use of our opportunities to speak English.我们应该充分利用我们的机会讲英语。
[语境助记]　
I don't think we'll make it, but let's try anyway.我认为我们不会成功，但不管怎样还是试一试吧。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She's absolutely certain she's going to make ________ in the world.
②Hard work can often make up ________ a lack of ability.
③She thought she heard a name. She couldn't make it ________， though.
完成句子
④We did ____________________________________ (成功到达) Hefei finally that night after a long journey.
⑤I don't think he'll ________________________________________ (成功), but he is still persisting.
3．in common 共同的；共有的
(教材原句)All these individuals share something in common: At tough moments in their lives，they showed grit.
所有这些人都有一个共同点：在他们生活中的艰难时刻，他们表现出了毅力。
have everything in common (with)(与……)一切都相同
have something in common (with) (与……)有一些共同之处
have nothing in common (with) (与……)没有共同之处
have much/a lot in common (with) (与……)有许多共同之处
have little in common (with) (与……)几乎没有共同之处
in common with 与……一样
Ideologically, there was nothing in common between them.他们在思想观念上格格不入。
We happened to discover we had a friend in common.
我们碰巧发现我们有个共同的朋友。
Though the two versions have much/a lot in common, there are some important differences.
尽管这两个版本有许多共同之处，但还是有一些重要的差异。
They have little in common. They are on good terms with each other, however.他们几乎没有共同点。不过，他们彼此关系很好。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①In common ________ many others, she applied for a training place.
②We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have ________ common.
完成句子
③Though they are twin sisters, they __________________________________ (几乎没有共同之处).
④____________________________________________________(与……一样 ) other students, I arrive at school on time every day.
⑤The only thing we ____________________________________ (共同的) is that we've both been to France.
第三版块|典型句式
1．现在分词(短语)作状语
(教材原句)Under her leadership, the team came back to the top, winning the 2015 World Cup.
在她的领导下，中国女排国家队重返巅峰，赢得了2015年女排世界杯冠军。
Mother drew the curtain for me, blocking out the sunlight.妈妈为我拉上窗帘，把阳光挡在了外面。
Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，它将成为我国首批国家公园之一。
[说明]　(1)时间状语(相当于时间状语从句)
Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.听到老师的声音，学生们立刻停止了讲话。
When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences.
在比较不同的文化时，我们往往只注意差异。
(2)原因状语(相当于原因状语从句)
Being ill, she didn't go to school as usual today.
因为生病，她今天没像往常一样去上学。
(3)条件状语(相当于条件状语从句)
Turning right, you will find the circus you want.
向右转，你会找到你想看的马戏团。
(4)让步状语(相当于让步状语从句)
Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了这一切，他们还是让我赔偿损失。
(5)伴随状语
He sat at the table reading China Daily.
他坐在桌子旁看《中国日报》。
(6)结果状语
The mother died, leaving her children a lot of money.
那位母亲去世了，给她的孩子们留下了一大笔钱。
[误区警示]　(1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语表示自然的、顺理成章的结果，而不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，且常与only搭配使用。
Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines.
1 500万棵树被大风刮倒，堵塞了道路和铁路线。
I hurried to his house, only to find him not in.
我匆匆赶到他家，却发现他不在家。
(2)现在分词否定式：not＋现在分词。
Not recovering from the operation, I couldn't keep pace with you.由于尚未从手术中康复，我跟不上你的步伐。
[说明]　
现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果或伴随情况等。有时为了强调，分词前会加when、while、if、unless、once、though、 even if、as if等连词(短语)一起作状语。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ________ (allow) for a new generation of virtual reality.
②A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ (reflect) man's intelligence and creativity.
③Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period, ________ (exceed) the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts.
④The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ (range) from butterflies to elephants.
⑤The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ (allow) more patients to be treated.
⑥Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ (turn) the old town into dreamland.
⑦Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ________ (use) the sun and the stars.
同义句转换
⑧We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, and think that all children like these things.
→We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs， _________________．
⑨While I was waiting for the bus, I had a long talk with the agent about her work.
→________________________， I had a long talk with the agent about her work.
2．by the time引导时间状语从句
(教材原句)By the time Huang moved back to China in 2008, he had been living and working in the UK for 15 years.
到2008年黄回到中国时，他已经在英国生活和工作了15年。
[句式分析]　by the time表示“到……时为止，到……的时候”，可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英格兰回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
By the time he leaves university, he will have got work experience so long as he takes a part-time job.
只要他做兼职工作，到他大学毕业的时候，他就会有工作经验了。
[归纳拓展]　
by the end of＋
[说明]　
(1)by the time＋一般过去时，主句通常用过去完成时，表示截至从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成。
(2)by the time＋一般现在时(表示将来)，主句通常用将来完成时，表示截至将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成。
(3)如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，主句不用完成时，而应根据需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The phone was ringing, but by the time she got indoors, it ________ (stop).
②He ________ (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.
③By the end of next month, he ________ (be) away from his hometown for a whole year.
完成句子
④______________________________________________________________(等到他退休时)，he will have worked in this organisation for 35 years.
⑤By the time I got to the station, the train _____________________________(已经走了).
3．过去分词(短语)作状语
(教材原句)He had a good job and a life there, but he gave it all up to return home, driven by the idea that he needed to contribute to his country.
他在那里有一份不错的工作，而且过着优裕的生活，但他放弃了所有这一切回到了祖国，(因为)他的想法是要为祖国作贡献。
Seen from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.从塔顶望去，山的南麓是一片林海。
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
孩子们被这个故事深深地感动了，开始哭了起来。
[归纳拓展]　
(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式、伴随、让步、原因等。
Left alone at home, Jane didn't feel afraid at all.
被单独留在家里，简一点儿也不感到害怕。(表时间)
Given more attention, the fire could have been avoided.
如果多加注意，这场火灾本来是可以避免的。(表条件)
The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse.
那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。(表方式)
He stood there silently, moved to tears.
他静静地站在那里，感动得流下了眼泪。(表伴随)
Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。(表让步)
Born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling.
由于出生于贫寒家庭，纳迪亚只上过两年学。(表原因)
(2)过去分词(短语)作状语，前面可以带有相应的连词(短语)，如when、until、though、although、as if、as though、if、unless等，表时间、让步、方式、条件等。
When asked about her future plans, the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.
当问到她未来的计划时，这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。
If accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.
如果被录用，你很快就会被通知。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①When ________ (ask) to choose his “buddies”， Simon picked out a panda and soon after was sleeping through the night.
②Steve arrived and sat in the front row, ________ (surround) by his family.
③Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year, when ________ (call) upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
④Ordinary soap, ________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
⑤________ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
⑥________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
完成句子
⑦______________________(因为淋了一场大雨)，the girl was all wet.
⑧______________________(尽管被警告有危险), he still went skating on the thin ice.
⑨________________________(被他的学生簇拥着), the professor sat there cheerfully.
4．同位语从句
I couldn't bear the thought that these forests would be lost forever.一想到这些森林将永远消失，我就受不了。
[说明]　(1)同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，对名词作进一步解释，说明其具体内容。
(2)可接同位语从句的名词有fact、news、idea、doubt、thought、conclusion、question、feeling、promise、truth、report、possibility、problem、order、rumour等。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
我们明天放假的消息不实。
(3)连接词
①连接代词：what、which、who
②连接副词：when、where、why、how等
③连词：that、whether
Do you have any idea what time it starts
你知道它什么时候开始吗？
I have no idea when he will come back.
我不知道他什么时候会回来。
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.那笔钱不见了并不意味着是被偷了。
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.对还是错的问题取决于结果。
[误区警示]　
(1)在某些名词(如demand、wish、suggestion、resolution等)后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。
The suggestion that the new rule (should) be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的提议是主席提出的。
(2)有时同位语从句能够和同位的名词分开。
The news got about that our school football team had won.
消息传开说我们校足球队赢了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①There's a possibility ________ we will travel to Europe this summer vacation.
②I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn't working, so could you fix it for me
③The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
④I've come to the conclusion ________ it was unwise to do that.
单句写作
⑤消息传开说他中彩票得了一辆汽车。(the news got about that)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑥他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市了。(the thought came to him that)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．情态动词＋have done
(教材原句)Failure taught me things about myself that I could have learnt no other way.
失败让我了解了自己，这是我无法通过其他方式了解到的。
He wished he could have helped her more than he did.
他希望自己当时能更多地帮帮她。
The accident could have been much worse；luckily no harm was done.这次事故本来可能糟糕得多，所幸没有造成伤害。
He could have avoided the car crash, but he was too careless.本来他能够避免车祸，但是他太粗心了。
—Why are your eyes so red You couldn't have slept well last night.你的眼睛为什么这么红？你昨晚不可能睡得很好。
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.是的，我熬夜写报告了。
He might have arrived at his destination if he had followed his friends' advice.如果他听了朋友们的劝告，他可能已经到达目的地了。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。
You should have set down his telephone number yesterday, but you didn't.你昨天就应该记下他的电话号码，但是你没有。
You ought to have come to the meeting. It was interesting.
会议可有意思了，你真该参加。
I needn't have got up so early. It is Sunday.
我本不必起那么早的。今天是星期天。
[归纳拓展]　“情态动词＋have done”用法归纳：
needn't have done(过去)本没必要做(而实际上做了)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I could ________ (make) six salads with what I threw out.
②You could ________ (find) the deer if you had followed its track.
③You shouldn't ________ (go) without telling us; we were really concerned about you.
④Harry is feeling uncomfortable; he must ________ (drink) too much at the party last night.
⑤I needn't ________ (worry) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
完成句子
⑥George __________________________________________ (不可能走得太远).His coffee is still warm.
⑦Look at the time! We ____________________________ (本应该在剧院) ten minutes ago.
⑧She ____________________ (可能会取得更大的成功), if you had given her more chances.
⑨Look, Tom is crying. I ____________________ (本不应该) so strict with him.
6．表语从句
(教材原句)This is where the importance of failure comes in: If we can learn how to manage failure，we'll learn how to succeed.
这就是失败的重要性所在：如果我们能学会如何应对失败，我们就能学会如何成功。
The core of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.你们关系的核心是你们一直随时帮助彼此。
The problem is how we can get the things we need.
问题是我们怎样才能获得我们需要的东西。
[说明]　常见的表语从句的连接词：
(1)连词(词组)：that、whether/if、as if/though、because。在句中不充当任何句子成分；
The trouble is that we are short of funds.
困难是我们缺乏资金。
(2)连接代词：who、whom、whose、which、what等。在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等；
The reference book is not what I need.
这本参考书不是我所需要的。
(3)连接副词：when、where、how、why等。在句中作状语。
The problem is why she didn't go back home directly.
问题是她为什么不直接回家。
[误区警示]　
(1)表语从句前只能是连系动词，如be、seem、appear、look等。
(2)that在表语从句中只起连接作用，但通常不可以省略。
(3)as if/though引导的表语从句是否用虚拟语气，关键看是否有可能真实发生。
It looks as if/though it might rain.(可能性不大)
It looks as if/though it's going to rain.(陈述语气，可能性很大，很有可能成为事实)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The truth is ________ he has never been to the countryside.
②It appears to her ________ he wants to teach us all he has.
③The problem is ________ we can get to replace her.
④That is ________ you see this old woman before you now, Jeanne.
⑤The question is ________ we can reach the goal at the end of this month.
完成句子
⑥The reason why he was late is ______________________________________ (他的自行车坏了).
⑦At that time, it seemed __________________________________ (好像我想不出合适的词来).
⑧He did not see the film last night. __________________________________ (那是因为)he had to help his little sister with her homework.
7．强调句
(教材原句)．..it was this experience that helped her to succeed...……正是这段经历帮助她成功了……
[句式分析]　(1)基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分．。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。
(2)句式变化：
一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was it that/who＋其他部分？
We met a great scientist in the park yesterday.
昨天我们在公园遇到了一位伟大的科学家。
→It was we that/who met a great scientist in the park yesterday.(强调主语)
→It was a great scientist that/who we met in the park yesterday.(强调宾语)
→It was in the park that we met a great scientist yesterday.(强调地点状语)
→It was yesterday that we met a great scientist in the park.(强调时间状语)
[易错警示]　
(1)构成强调句型的it不能用其他词代替。
(2)被强调部分指人时，可以用who代替that，其他情况一律用that。
(3)用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。
(4)强调句型的判断方法：去掉it is/was和that/who，适当调整语序，能还原成完整的句子，则为强调句型，否则就不是。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
②You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.
③It is you ________________ to do the special project.
④________________ in this palace ________ the last emperor died
⑤It was ________________ (not, till) you telephoned me ________ I knew what had happened.
⑥It ________ Jack ________ loves football most.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He met with so many ________ (拒绝) that he could barely move on.
2．They made their fortune in the ________ (时尚) business.
3．This is a perfect platform where ________ (设计师) show off their works.
4．They complained ________ (痛苦地) about the new rules.
5．He pushes himself to the limits every day in order to have a chance of ________ (晋升).
6．The book written by the educationalist is now ________ (公认) as a classic.
7．Your feedback will ________ (促成) a lot to our improvement.
8．She ________ (退职) from politics after her second term in office.
9．His ________ (奉献) to his academic research left him little time with his family.
10．The course, which has attracted millions of students online, is suitable for beginners and ________ (高级的) ones.
11．He is a big fan of those fashion ________ (标签，品牌).
12．Students with references have a better chance to gain the ________ (进入许可)to the company.
13．In reality, many families with low ________ (收入) can't afford to buy their own house.
14．After the intense chase, he ________ (突然倒下) in the street.
15．I wrote down the name of the publisher for future ________ (参考).
16．We should have ________ (信任) in our leadership.
17．He'll never get anywhere—he lacks ________ (自制力).
18．The designer ________ (创立) his own studio two years ago.
Ⅱ.短语填空
further one's study, share something in common, pay off, get distracted, participate in, take on challenges, contribute to, come up with
1．Ultimately, their efforts ____________ and all of them got on.
2．We tend to make friends in the dormitory with those who we ____________ with.
3．He went to Sweden to ____________ and came back with outstanding achievements.
4．The professor is expected to ____________ the opening ceremony.
5．I ____________ by the countless advertisements when surfing the Internet for some information.
6．The designer ____________ a new wheelchair to help the disabled sit more comfortably.
7．I know I may face rejections, but I am willing to ____________．
8．Whether you are a millionaire or someone living in poverty, you can ____________ the future of the world.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural ________ (refer), making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
2．Participate ________ discussion forums, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.
3．“I'm trying to get more and more people to understand that there are solutions，” said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after ________ (retire).
4．Very small drones with ________ (advance) sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.
5．Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species, ________ (bring) protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
6．The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying ________．
7．In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual ________ (recognise) alone.
8．Of the nineteen ________ (recognize) polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
9．Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute ________ some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
10．When she retired ________ dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The driver admitted that the accident ______________________________(是可以避免的) if he had driven his car more slowly.
2．The citizens' concern is that ______________________________ (新机场会给他们带来噪声污染).
3．All communication systems, language included, ________________________________ (都有一些共同的特征).
4．________________________________________(专心写他的新小说), Dad has little time for recreation.
5．________________________________________(配备了先进的设备), the company will raise its production sharply soon.
6．Nobody doubt the fact ________________________________________ (只有毅力才能促成成功).
7．________________________(到他大学毕业时), he had set up two enterprises of his own.
8．Without doubt, a positive attitude ______________________________ (有助于我们的身心健康).
Section E　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．iron　2.style　3.retire　4.collapse　5.discipline　6.label
7．hammer　8.income
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．recognise; recognised; recognition　2.contribute; contribution; contributor　3.retire; retiring; retired; retirement　4.devote; devoted; devotion　5.advance; advance; advanced　6.refer; reference　7.faith; faithful; faithfully　8.discipline; discipline; disciplined　9.reject; rejection　10.fashion; fashionable; fashionably　11.founder; foundation　12.entry; entrance
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．one of the most recognised athletes　2.contribute greatly to 3．strong and powerful playing style　4.earn her the name “Iron Hammer”　5.under her leadership　6.her devotion to her career　7.make it　8.a letter/letters of reference/recommendation　9.have great faith in　10.pay more attention to　11.attend his funeral　12.be bitterly disappointed
1． 2.由于，因为　3.她接受挑战的魄力 4．以运动员身份退役　5.郎平对中国排球的奉献　6.舒舒服服地坐好；袖手旁观　7.参加　8.任职　9.将某人描述为……　10.被……拒绝　11.自律，有自制力　12.在某人看来 13．时装设计师　14.奏效；付清债务　15.简单地说，简而言之
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①recognition　②as　③beyond　④to be　⑤recognised
2．①contribution　②to　③building　④造成　⑤捐赠 ⑥投稿
3．①as　②in　③retired　④from　⑤retirement　⑥retiring
4．①to advance　②advanced　③in　④advances　⑤in advance
⑥in advance of　⑦have made advances
5．①from　②under　③动词，瓦解　④名词，倒塌 ⑤动词，突然倒下
6．①push　②look ③put ④backwards and forwards ⑤bring forward　⑥look forward to
7．①reference　②to　③referring　④as　⑤to　⑥refer; to
⑦refer to that old teacher as
8．①faithful　②faithfully　③to　④in　⑤lost　⑥put
9．①founded　②on　③founder　④were founded　⑤foundation
10．①to　②promoted　③promotion　④was promoted
11．①with　②was labelled/labeled　③as　④on the label
12．①entered　②for　③to　④entrance　⑤to　⑥the entrance to　⑦The solution to
13．①has a high/large income　②have an income of　③pay/salary　④income　⑤wage
第二版块|重要短语
1．①it　②after　③apart　④呈现　⑤承担　⑥雇用
2．①it　②for　③out　④make it to　⑤make it
3．①with　②in　③have little in common　④In common with
⑤have in common
第三版块|典型句式
1．①allowing　②reflecting　③exceeding　④ranging
⑤allowing　⑥turning　⑦using　⑧thinking that all children like these things　⑨While waiting/Waiting for the bus
2．①had stopped　②will have learned/learnt　③will have been　④By the time he retires　⑤had already gone
3．①asked　②surrounded　③called　④used　⑤Ordered　⑥Absorbed　⑦Caught in a heavy rain　⑧Though warned of the danger　⑨Surrounded by his students
4．①that　②why　③that　④that　⑤The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.　⑥The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
5．①have made　②have found　③have gone　④have drunk　⑤have worried　⑥can't have gone too far　⑦should have been at the theatre　⑧might have achieved greater success　⑨shouldn't have been
6．①that　②that　③who　④why　⑤whether　⑥that his bike broke down　⑦as if I couldn't think of the right word ⑧That was because
7．①that　②that　③who are　④Was it; that　⑤not until; that　⑥is; who
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．rejections　2.fashion　3.designers　4.bitterly
5．promotion　6.recognised　7.contribute　8.retired
9．devotion　10.advanced　11.labels　12.entrance
13．incomes　14.collapsed　15.reference　16.faith
17．discipline　18.founded
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．paid off　2.share something in common　3.further his study　4.participate in　5.got distracted　6.has come up with　7.take on challenges　8.contribute to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．解析：references　用名词作宾语。句意：比斯尔先生巧妙地组织了历史见解和文化借鉴，使他的故事从西方人的角度全面展现了乌兹别克斯坦。
2．解析：in　participate in参与。句意：参加论坛、博客和其他开放式论坛来进行对话。
3．解析：retirement　介词后面接名词作宾语，故用retire的名词形式retirement。句意：“我想让越来越多的人明白，有解决办法，”伯德尼女士说，她曾是一名训练有素的护士，退休后仍在工作，做一名私人教练。
4．解析：advanced　应该用形容词修饰名词sensors，故填advanced“先进的，高级的”。句意：配备先进传感器和人工智能并可以在列车前面飞行的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样引导列车。
5．解析：bringing　分析语境可知，句子成分完整，不缺少谓语动词，故此处需要填非谓语动词形式。giant pandas与bring之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。句意：大熊猫也是伞护种，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物提供了保护。
6．解析：off　pay off成功，奏效。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎正在奏效。
7．解析：recognition　由空格前的形容词visual可知此处填名词形式。recognise的名词为recognition。句意：在实验中，戈芬的凤头鹦鹉在大多数情况下，仅通过视觉识别就能够选择工作所需的正确工具。
8．解析：recognized　形容词recognized修饰名词subpopulations。句意：在19个已知的北极熊亚种群中，有3个种群数量在减少，6个种群数量稳定，1个种群数量在增加，9个种群数量数据不足。
9．解析：to　contribute to有助于，促成，为固定搭配。句意：研究表明，情绪技能可能对于这些品质中的一些有所助益，但它们中的大多数都远远超出了基于技能的情商。
10．解析：from　retire from从……退休，为固定搭配。句意：当她退休不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活时，她决定是时候冒险了。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．could have been avoided　2.the new airport will bring them noise pollution　3.have certain features in common 4．Applying himself to writing his new novel　5.Equipped with advanced facilities　6.that only perseverance can contribute to success　7.By the time he left college　8.contributes to our physical and mental healthSection B　Lesson 1　Money vs Success
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 大笔的钱，巨款
2．____________ n. 象征，标志
3．____________ adj. 最后的，最终的
4．____________ adj. 内疚的，羞愧的
5．____________ n. 家具
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．舒服，舒适 v．安慰→________ adj.舒服的，舒适的→________ adv.舒服地，舒适地
2．________ n．大笔的钱，巨款→________ adj.幸运的→________ adv.幸运地→________ adv.不幸地；令人遗憾地
3．________ n．家具→________ vt.为……配备家具；提供→________ adj.配备家具的，带家具的
4．________ v．感激；欣赏→________ n．感激；欣赏→________ adj.感激的；赏识的
5．________ n．饥饿，饥荒→________ v．渴求，渴望→________ adj.饥饿的；渴望的
6．________ n．内疚；罪行→________ adj.内疚的，羞愧的
7．symbol n. 符号；象征；记号，代号→________ vt.用符号代表；象征→________ adj.象征性的
8．million n．百万→________ n．百万富翁
9．profession n．职业；行业→________ adj.(具体专业知识)职业的→________ n．大学教授
10．ultimate adj.最后的，最终的→________ adv.最终，最后
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
将汉语译成相应的英文短语
1．________________ 成为百万富翁
2．________________ 实现某人的目标
3．________________ 舒适地生活
4．________________ 无忧无虑
5．________________ 抛弃；背弃；不理睬
6．________________ 对……厌倦
7．________________ 被认为是……
8．________________ 赠送；泄露(秘密)
9．________________ 死于饥饿
10．________________ 有机会做某事
将英文短语译成汉语
1．one's ultimate goal　　　________________
2．dream up ________________
3．the rest of their time ________________
4．a sense of success ________________
5．continue to do sth.
＝continue doing sth. ________________
6．a college professor ________________
7．a fortune of two million dollars ________________
8．a small dormitory room ________________
9．second-hand furniture ________________
10．enjoy doing sth. ________________
11．take care of ________________
12．appreciate this change ________________
13．be pleased to do sth. ________________
14．give up ________________
15．get on ________________
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What is the purpose of writing the first paragraph
A．To tell us something about Jason Harley.
B．To tell us how to become a millionaire.
C．To tell us how millionaires spend their money.
D．To introduce the topic.
2．Which words can describe Jason Harley
A．Selfish and mean.　 B．Selfless and generous.
C．Mean and helpless. D．Selfish and negative.
3．What kind of life does Jason Harley prefer
A．He prefers to live a simple life and help others.
B．He prefers to live in a big house.
C．He prefers to live comfortably with his family.
D．He prefers a house with a garden.
4．What can we know from the text
A．Success means giving away all the money to charities.
B．Success means having millions in the bank.
C．Success is not measured by how much money you have.
D．Success means having a big fortune.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Sixteen years ago, Jason Harley was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and 1.________ fortune of two million dollars. Today he lives in a small dormitory room with only second-hand furniture. There are certainly no signs 2.________ Jason is a rich and successful man! But Jason appreciates this change. He is pleased 3.________ (give) up the lifestyle of a rich man. He was tired of 4.________ (regard) as living a successful life. He made the choice to give all his money away, which brought him 5.________ (happy) and a sense of success in life. What he wants is to live 6.________ (simple) and be helpful to others. Therefore he gave 7.________ all his money to charities. He thinks his sense of achievement 8.________ (come) from helping others and finding true meaning in life. He discovered that having only a little money made him free and he is much 9.________ (happy) now. In his opinion, success is not 10.________ (measure) by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.
教材助读·开放课堂
[教材原文]
Angela Johnson interviews ex-millionaire① Jason Harley
For a lot of people，becoming a millionaire 【1】 is a symbol② of success and they set this as their ultimate③ goal④. They spend half of their time dreaming up⑤ ways of⑥ getting rich and achieving the success⑦ they expect，and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do once they become rich 【2】. But do all millionaires get the sense of success⑧ they were looking for after they achieve their goals⑨？ Some continue to⑩ worry about money when they become millionaires—they worked hard to become wealthy，but then they need to continue making money so they don't lose the sense of success they have achieved. However, there are people who have turned their backs on their millions and found other forms of success in their lives. Jason Harley is one example.
【1】becoming a millionaire是v.-ing短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
【2】half of their time和the rest of their time作spend的并列宾语；dreaming up...expect作第一个time后省略的in的宾语。thinking about...rich作第二个time后省略的in的宾语。they expect和they will do都为省略关系词的定语从句，分别修饰先行词success和things。once they become rich为once引导的条件状语从句，once在此作连词用，意为“一旦……”。
Sixteen years ago, Jason was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of two million dollars. Today he lives in a small dormitory room with only second-hand furniture . There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man 【3】！ There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees, which Jason enjoys taking care of 【4】. He also grows some vegetables and a few flowers. He gets his clothes and a lot of other things from charity shops .
【3】that Jason is a rich and successful man为that引导的同位语从句，作signs的同位语。
【4】which Jason enjoys taking care of是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fruit trees，which在从句中作taking care of的宾语。
But Jason appreciates this change. He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man. He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life ， as a person who had everything while many people had nothing 【5】. He made the choice to give all his money away 【6】. And this, he said, brought him happiness and a sense of success in life.
【5】as与前面的regarded连用，意为“作为”；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词person；while在此意为“而，然而”。
【6】to give all his money away修饰前面的名词choice，作后置定语。
“I don't need a lot of money. I don't want to buy more things. I have enough，” said Jason. “What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others 【7】. A few years ago, I was a millionaire, but I knew millions of people died of hunger every year, and there were places with no schools and no teachers. So many people could never go to school. They didn't have the chance to learn and get on in life. This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything.”
【7】What I want是What引导的主语从句：to live simply and be helpful to others是并列的不定式短语作表语。be helpful前省略to。
Therefore he gave away all his money to charities. Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars 【8】， he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas. “It was a kind of satisfaction and a real sense of success that I had never felt before 【9】，” said Jason. “Sure, many people think that ‘success’ means having millions in the bank or a well-paid job. But I think my sense of achievement comes from helping others and finding true meaning in life.”
【8】Whenever在此意为“每当”，引导时间状语从句。
【9】that在此引导定语从句，修饰前面两个并列的先行词。that在从句中作表语。
Most people believe when they are living comfortably and earning enough money ， they will have no worries. However, most people never feel they have earned enough. Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free 【10】. Are there any things he misses from his past “No, I'm much happier now, because I am living according to my values. Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life 【11】．”
【10】that在此引导宾语从句；其中having only a little money是v.-ing短语作主语。
【11】该句是“not...but...”结构，意为“不是……而是……”，两个介词by后接各自的宾语从句。“not...but...”连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
[汉语译文]
安吉拉·约翰逊采访前
百万富翁詹森·哈利
对于很多人来说，成为百万富翁是成功的象征，并且他们将此作为最终目标。他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达成他们期望的成功的方法，另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们都会干什么。但是，百万富翁们都在实现目标后获得所寻求的成功感了吗？有些人成为百万富翁后继续担心金钱问题——他们努力工作，变得富有，但接下来他们需要继续赚钱，这样才不会丧失已经获得的成功感。然而有些人却放弃了他们的百万财富，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。詹森·哈利就是一个例子。
16年前，詹森是一名大学教授，拥有一套带有6间卧室的大房子和200万美元的财富。现在他住在一间只有二手家具的小宿舍里。显然没有迹象表明詹森是一个富有且成功的人！房子外面有一个小花园，种了几棵果树，詹森喜欢照顾它们。他还种了一些蔬菜和花。他从慈善商店买衣服和许多其他的东西。
但是詹森欣赏这种变化。他很高兴能放弃富人的生活方式。他厌倦了过别人眼中成功的生活——在很多人一无所有的时候自己却能够拥有一切。他决定把自己的钱财都捐赠出去。他说这给他的生活带来了快乐和成功感。
“我不需要很多钱，也不想买更多的东西。我拥有的已经够多了，”詹森说。“我想要简单地生活并能帮助别人。几年前，我是百万富翁，但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿，而且有些地方没有学校和老师。因此很多人永远不能上学，他们没有学习和出人头地的机会。这让我非常担心，作为一位什么也不干的富人，我感到非常内疚。”
因此，他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。每当他的钱超过两千美元时，他就会给当地街头无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。“这是一种我从未感受过的满足感和真正的成功感，”詹森说。“当然，很多人认为‘成功’意味着有数百万银行存款或高薪的工作。但我认为我的成就感来自帮助他人并找到生活真正的意义。”
大多数人相信，当他们生活舒适并赚到足够的钱时，他们就可以高枕无忧了。但是，大多数人从未觉得自己赚够了。詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量的金钱使他获得了自由。和过去相比，他错过了什么吗？“不，现在我更开心，因为我依照自己的价值观生活。衡量成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而在于如何理解生命的真正意义。”
[词汇注释]
①ex-millionaire n．前百万富翁
millionaire/ m lj 'ne /n.百万富翁
②symbol/'s mb l/ n．象征，标志
a symbol of……的象征
③ultimate/' lt m t/ adj.
最后的，最终的
ultimate goal最终目标
④set...as a goal把……确立为一个目标
⑤dream up凭空想出
dream of/about梦见；梦想
⑥ways of doing sth.做某事的办法
⑦achieve success获得成功
⑧the sense of success成功感
lose the sense of success丧失成功感
⑨achieve one's goal达成某人的目标
⑩continue to do sth./doing sth.继续做某事
make money赚钱
turn one's back on抛弃；背弃；不理睬
professor /pr 'fes /n.教授
a college professor大学教授
fortune/'f t n/n.大笔的钱，巨款
a fortune of＋钱数　多少财富
make a fortune赚大钱；发财
dormitory/'d m t ri/＝dorm n．寝室，学生宿舍
a small dormitory room小宿舍
furniture/'f n t /n.家具
second-hand furniture二手家具
a piece of /an article of furniture一件家具
a set of furniture一套家具
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
charity shop慈善商店
慈善商店：廉价出售二手物品，将利润用于慈善事业的商店
appreciate / 'pri ie t/ vt. 欣赏；赏识
be pleased to do sth.很高兴做某事
give up放弃；投降
be tired of对……厌倦
be tired from因……而感到劳累
be regarded as被认为是……
live a successful life过成功的生活
make the choice to do sth. 决定做某事
give away赠送；泄露(秘密)
give in屈服，投降
give up放弃，认输
give off 放出(热、光、气味等)
give out发出；分发；用完，耗尽
die of死于(内因)
die from死于(外因)
hunger/'h g /n.饥饿，饥荒
have the chance to do sth. 有机会做某事
get on发迹；出人头地
guilty/'ɡ lti/adj.内疚的，羞愧的；犯罪的
be/feel guilty about对……感到内疚
be guilty of...犯有……罪
therefore adv.因此
bank note纸币，钞票(＝note)
mean vt.意味着；打算
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
a sense of achievement 成就感
comfortably/'k mft bli/adv. 舒服地，舒适地
live comfortably舒适地生活
earn money赚钱(＝make money)
drop out退出，脱离；辍学
make...free 使……自由
make＋宾语＋n./adj./现在分词/过去分词/不带to的不定式/介词短语
much程度副词，常用来修饰比较级。
常用的程度副词还有even、still、far、any等。
be measured by由……衡量
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．symbol n．象征，标志；符号，记号　symbolise vt.象征；是/成为……的象征　symbolic adj.象征性的　symbolism n．象征主义，象征手法)
(教材原句)For a lot of people, becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal.
对于很多人来说，成为百万富翁是成功的象征，并将此作为最终目标。
a cultural/political symbol 文化/政治象征
a/the symbol of... ……的象征
a/the symbol for... ……的符号
Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
橘子树不仅仅是装饰品；它们还是好运和财富的象征。
She had a silver peace symbol hanging on a chain around her neck.她脖子上挂着一条带有银制和平标志的项链。
What is the chemical symbol for copper
铜的化学符号是什么？
The use of light and dark symbolises good and evil.
用光明与黑暗来象征善与恶。
[比较]　symbol/sign/mark/signal
(1)symbol指作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。
(2)sign指代表某种固定意义的符号或标志，也可指某种情况的迹象或征兆。
(3)mark指在其他事物上留下的印痕或先天固有的标记。
(4)signal指用于传达某些信息的约定俗成的信号。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I frequently use sunflowers as ________ (symbol) of strength.
②He came to ________ (symbol) his country's struggle for independence.
③Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol ________ genius.
选词填空：symbol/signal/mark/sign
④Chest pains can be a warning ________ of heart problems.
⑤The gloomy (阴沉的) weather shows no ________ of improving.
⑥The architect made a ________ at the bottom of the page where he had problems.
⑦In Greece, the olive tree is a ________ of peace and wisdom.
2．fortune n．大笔的钱，巨款；机会，运气　misfortune n．不幸　fortunate adj.幸运的　fortunately adv.幸运地
(教材原句)Sixteen years ago, Jason was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of two million dollars.十六年前，詹森是一名大学教授，拥有一套6间卧室的大房子和200万美元的财富。
(1)cost a fortune 花大价钱
make one's fortune 发财
make a fortune 发财；赚大钱
try one's fortune 碰运气
tell one's fortune 给某人算命
seek one's fortune 寻找发财机会
have the good fortune to do sth. 有幸做某事
(2)have the misfortune to do sth. 不幸做某事
be fortunate
It is fortunate (for sb.) that... (对某人来说)……是幸运的。
He made a small fortune in the London property boom.
他在伦敦房地产繁荣期发了一笔小财。
Orange trees make great gifts and you see them many times decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
橘子树是很棒的礼物，而且你会经常看到它们被红包和祝福好运的信息装点着。
I have been fortunate enough to visit many parts of the world as a lecturer.我很幸运，去过世界许多地方作演讲。
It was very fortunate for him that I arrived on time.
算他运气好，我准时到了。
Fortunately, everything worked out all right in the end.
幸运的是，最后一切顺利。
[拓展]　
unfortunate adj.不幸的
unfortunately adv.不幸地
It's unfortunate when a father and a son can't relate to each other.
父子之间关系不好是很不幸的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He spotted a chance to make ________ fortune from petrol.
②This semester, I have the good fortune ________ (work) in our department office.
③I was nearly drowned last night, but was fortunate enough ________ (save).
④________ (fortunate), she promised me an interview chance.
⑤Central London is fortunate ________ having so many large parks and open spaces.
⑥I was late in getting to the station, but ________ (fortunate), the train was late too.
⑦It was ________ (fortune) enough for him to escape being attacked by the fierce creature.
选词填空：cost/try
⑧Knowing that it was easy to find diamond in the desert, he went there to ________ his fortune.
⑨One of the many things I love about running is that it doesn't ________ a fortune.
3．furniture n．家具　furnish vt.在……处布置家具；提供　furnished adj.装配好家具的，带家具的
(教材原句)Today he lives in a small dormitory room with only second-hand furniture.
现在他住在一间只有二手家具的小宿舍里。
(1)说明：furniture 是不可数名词。要表示“几件/套家具”，可借助piece，item或set。如：
a piece/an item of furniture 一件家具
a set of furniture 一套家具
some new furniture 一些新家具
(2)furnish...with... 用……装饰……；向……提供……
be furnished with... 配备着……；提供……
It is a good piece of furniture and I want to give value for value.这件家具不错，我愿按价付款。
His office is furnished with a desk and four chairs.
他的办公室里摆有一张书桌和四把椅子。
We propose to furnish our own house according to our own taste.我们打算按我们自己的爱好布置自己的房子。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①His room is only furnished ________ a desk, a chair and a bed.
②His furniture ________ (be) in storage when he was looking for a new house.
③There are 76 individually ________ (furnish) bedrooms, all with private bathrooms.
④They'll be able to furnish you ________ the rest of the details.
4．appreciate vt.　appreciation n．欣赏；感激　appreciative adj.感激的
appreciate fine works of art 欣赏优秀的艺术作品
appreciate one's talents 赏识某人的才能
appreciate one's help/support/concern 感谢某人的帮助/支持/关心
appreciate(sb.'s) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激。
be appreciative of 对……有欣赏力；感激……
(1)vt.理解，意识到，领会
Many people can't fully appreciate the importance of regular exercise. 许多人没能充分认识到经常锻炼的重要性。
(2)vt.欣赏；赏识；重视
I appreciate your ability to solve problems by yourself.
我欣赏你独立解决问题的能力。
His works were not appreciated until after his death.
直到他死后，他的作品才受到重视。
(3)vt.感激，感谢
I really appreciate your thinking highly of my work.
我很感激你对我的工作做出如此高的评价。
I would appreciate it if you could solve the difficult problem for me.如果你能为我解决这个难题，我将不胜感激。
[误区警示]
(1)appreciate＋事：I appreciate your help.
thank＋人：Thank you for your help.
(2)appreciate后不接to do作宾语，也不能直接跟从句，需先接形式宾语it，然后再接从句，构成I would appreciate it if...句型。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I appreciate your ________ (pay) a visit to me on a regular basis.
②I appreciate ________ (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
③I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
④He was sincerely ________ (appreciate) of their support.
完成句子
⑤________________________________ (我会感激不尽) if you could help me survive this crisis.
5．hunger n．饥饿，饥荒；渴望　v．渴求，渴望　hungry adj.饥饿的，渴望的
(教材原句)A few years ago, I was a millionaire, but I knew millions of people died of hunger every year, and there were places with no schools and no teachers.
几年前，我是百万富翁，但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿，而且有些地方没有学校和老师。
(1)die of/from hunger 死于饥饿
end hunger 结束饥饿
a hunger for knowledge/success 对知识/成功的渴望
have a hunger for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)hunger for/after sth. 渴望得到某物
hunger for others' respect 渴望得到别人的尊重
hunger to do sth. 渴望做某事
There is hunger in many parts of the world, even in some rich countries.饥饿在世界许多地方都存在，甚至在一些富裕的国家。
The poor children have a hunger for knowledge.
这些贫穷的孩子渴望知识。
I've always hungered for a book of English songs.
我一直渴望有一本英文歌曲的书。(渴望某事：long for sth./ be keen on sth./ have a desire for sth.)
These students hunger after new knowledge and ideas.
这些学生渴望得到新知识，获得新思想。
[拓展]　feel hungry 觉得饿
become/get hungry 饿了
go hungry 挨饿，吃不饱
be hungry for...渴望得到……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I have a hunger ________ climbing the mountain with you.
②Nothing seemed to satisfy their hunger ________ truth.
③She hungers for ________ (get) on well with all her classmates.
④About three hundred people in this town are dying of ________ (hungry) every day.
⑤All the time she hungered ________ news from her little son.
⑥If you don't like this job, I know a couple of ________ (hunger) guys that do.
6．guilty adj.内疚的，羞愧的；有罪的　guilt n．内疚；罪行　guiltily adj.内疚地
(教材原句)This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything.这让我非常担心，作为一位富人不能有所为，我感到非常内疚。
(1)a guilty look 内疚的表情
be/feel guilty 对……感到内疚
be guilty of... 有……罪
be guilty of theft 犯有偷窃罪
be/feel guilty that... 对……感到内疚
(2)a sense of guilt 内疚感；罪恶感
lay a guilt trip on sb. 让某人感到内疚
＝give sb. a guilt trip
We've all been guilty of selfishness at some time in our lives.我们每个人一生中都有过自私自利的过失。
I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often.
我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。
Bob felt guilty that he made no attempt to save her.
鲍勃对自己没有试图去救她感到内疚。
Joe felt guilty at having deceived the family.
乔因欺骗家人而感到内疚。
Many survivors were left with a sense of guilt.
许多幸存者都有内疚感。
[语境助记]　
Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.
别让你的孩子对学业自责不迭。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I feel guilty ________ not having written to you sooner.
②If I tell a lie to somebody, I will face him or her ________ (guilty).
③On the basis of evidence we concluded that he was ________ (guilt).
④John had a ________ (guilt) look on his face.
⑤As we sat in the waiting room, I was overwhelmed by ________ sense of guilt.
7．mean vt.打算，意欲；意味着；意思是　adj.吝啬的；小气的　　　　
(1)mean
mean＋that从句 是……；意味着……
(2)be mean
(3)It is mean of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是太小气了。
I didn't mean to hurt you.我并非有意要伤害你。
He meant no harm.他并无恶意。
I didn't mean 我并不是说你一定非去不可。
I don't mean that you are a coward.我并不是说你是懦夫。
Missing the bus means waiting another hour.
错过这趟车意味着再等一个小时。
Don't be so mean to her.不要对她这么刻薄/吝啬。
He was too mean to pay for the work.
他太吝啬了，不肯为这件事付出酬劳。
She's very mean with her money.她花钱很小气。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The rich boss, who is mean ________ his workers, is so mean ________ money that he is mean ________ (donate) any to those in need.
②Bob is determined to get a seat for the concert even if it means ________ (stand) in line all night.
③I thought it was really mean ________ him not to pay for the meal.
④He's a little mean when ________ comes to ________ (spend) money ________ the children.
⑤He is so mean ________ his mother!
⑥What do you mean ________ it
⑦I meant this photo ________ her.
⑧I mean you ________ (spend) this money for ________ (you).
⑨I mean ________ he is an imposter (骗子).
第二版块|重要短语
1．turn one's back (on sb./sth.)转身背对；背弃，抛弃；对(某人/某事)置之不理；对(某人/某事)撒手不管
(教材原句)However, there are people who have turned their backs on their millions...
然而有些人却放弃了他们的百万财富……
turn a
turn one's nose up at 瞧不起……，对……嗤之以鼻
A man who wants to lead the orchestra must turn his back on the crowd.想指挥管弦乐队的人必须背对人群。
One should never turn his back on his home country.
一个人永远也不能背弃自己的祖国。
He is my best friend. I just can't turn my back on him now that he needs my help.
他是我最好的朋友。既然他需要我的帮助，我可不能对他置之不理。
If you turn a deaf ear to my warnings, you'll land in trouble.如果你对我的告诫充耳不闻，你就会惹麻烦的。
He turns his nose up at something that he considers not good enough.他对他认为不够好的东西嗤之以鼻。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①How could you ______________________________ (对……充耳不闻)her requests for help
②I would never ______________________________ (对……撒手不管)her and refuse to help when there is a need.
③Don't __________________________ (对……视若无睹) matters that concern the people's welfare.
④In general, it is not polite to __________________________________________ (背对着别人) while talking.
2．give away 赠送；泄露；分发
(教材原句)He made the choice to give all his money away.
他决定把自己的钱财都捐赠出去。
give up 放弃
give back 归还；使恢复
give in(to) 屈服；让步
give off 发出，放出(光、热、气味等)
give out 发出(光、热等)；分发；用完，耗尽
give way to 给……让路；给……让步
The millionaire gave away all his money to the poor.
那个百万富翁把所有的钱都捐赠给了穷人。
They felt like they were giving away company secrets.
他们觉得自己正在泄露公司的机密。
He should give way to a younger, more decisive leader.
他应该让位于更年轻、更果断的领导者。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Our employer will not give way ________ our demands for higher wages.
②He wants to give ________ all his modern possessions and return to nature.
③My money was beginning to give ________ and there were no jobs to be found.
④We spent half an hour looking for the keys，but eventually gave ________ and went home.
⑤At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave ________ as she was so confident about her skills.
3．get on 发迹；出人头地；进步；相处和睦；登上(车、马等)
(教材原句)They didn't have the chance to learn and get on in life.他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。
get across 通过；被理解
get around/round 绕开，避开；说服；解决
get away with 做了坏事而不受惩罚
get down to 开始做(to为介词)
get into 进入；养成(习惯)
get on with sth. 继续做某事
get over 从……恢复过来(恢复常态)；克服，解决
get through 打通(电话)；完成
get sb. through 帮助某人渡过(难关)，使某人熬过(困难时期)
You'll have to work hard if you want to get on.
你如果想取得成功，就必须得努力工作。
The two boys get on well most of the time.
这两个男孩大部分时间都相处得很好。
The people shoved to get on the bus.
人们你推我挤争着上公共汽车。
I spoke slowly but I couldn't get my meaning across.
尽管我说得很慢，但我的意思仍不被人理解。
The child got away with cheating and felt very lucky.
那孩子骗了人而未受到惩罚，觉得自己很幸运。
I tried phoning her office, but I couldn't get through.
我试着给她办公室打过电话，但是没打通。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It was their love that got me ________ those difficult months.
②Once these difficulties were got ________， the work would speed up.
③Lily's getting ________ very well in Russian. She learns very quickly.
④I know you're not paying your taxes but you won't get away ________ it.
⑤She's going to see if she can get________ her boss to give her the afternoon off.
⑥Your paper wouldn't get ________ if you used too many technical terms in it.
⑦He had too much time in hand and that caused him to get ________ trouble.
⑧It's time you got down ________ some practice or the other students will leave you behind.
4．drop out 退出，脱离；辍学
(教材原句)Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free.詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量的金钱使他获得了自由。
drop away 减弱，减少
drop behind 落后，后退
drop by/round 顺便拜访
drop in on sb./at sp. 拜访某人/参观某地
drop off 下降；减少；小睡
She dropped out after 20 kilometres with stomach ache.
20千米后她因胃痛而退出了。
He dropped out of high school at the age of 16.
他16岁的时候就从中学退学了。
Her long illness caused her to drop behind the rest of the class.她长期生病导致她落后于班里的其他同学。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Please drop in ________ my office when you happen to be free.
②The Smiths dropped ________ on some old friends on their vacation trip to New York.
③Business picked up in the stores during December, but dropped ________ again after New Year's Day.
④Research suggests that children whose parents split up are more likely to drop ________ of high school.
第三版块|典型句式
1．while 作并列连词，意为“而”，表示对比
(教材原句)He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life, as a person who had everything while many people had nothing.他厌倦了过别人眼中成功的生活——在很多人一无所有的时候自己却能够拥有一切。
His friend lives a rich life while he still lives in poverty.
他的朋友过着富裕的生活，而他仍然生活在贫困中。
Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米产量仅增长了7%。
[归纳拓展]　(1)while可作并列连词，连接前后两个并列分句，意为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比。
My shabby house was greatly damaged in the typhoon while the high buildings were still in good condition.我那破旧的房子在台风中遭到了严重的破坏，而那些高楼仍然完好无损。
(2)while可作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。
While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside.玛丽写信时，孩子们在外面玩耍。
(3)while可作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，常常放于句首。
While I admit his good points, I can still see his shortcomings.虽然我承认他的优点，但我还是能看到他的缺点。
[比较]　while/when/as引导时间状语从句
(1)while表示一段时间或某一过程，必须跟延续性动词；
(2)when既可以表示时间段，也可以表示时间点。从句动词可为非延续性的，也可为延续性的；
(3)as表示两个动作同时进行，有时有伴随意味，可译为“一边……一边……”。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He fell asleep ________ he was doing his homework.
②________ I am willing to help, I do not have much time.
③Doing the same kind of work, some people are relaxed ________ others think it stressful.
选词填空：while/when/as
④________ John arrived, I was reading a novel.
⑤________ I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store.
⑥In some countries, people eat with chopsticks，________ in others, knives and forks.
完成句子
⑦I'm good at playing table tennis, ________________________ (而我弟弟篮球打得好).
⑧________________________ (虽然我承认这些问题很难)，I don't agree that they cannot be solved.
2．程度副词修饰形容词和副词及比较级
(教材原句)No, I'm much happier now, because I am living according to my values.
不，现在我更开心，因为我依照自己的价值观生活。
His music has deeply moved its listeners for generations.
他的音乐已经深深打动了一代代听众。
The experiment is much easier than we expected.
这个实验比我们预料的要容易得多。
[说明]　(1)程度副词对一个形容词或者副词在程度上加以限定或修饰，一般位于被修饰的形容词或者副词之前。
It's quite easy to make quite small changes to the way that you work.对你的工作方式做些相当细微的调整是很容易的。
(2)程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much、rather、still等)和最高级(如quite、much、almost等)。
It is said he works still harder than ever.
据说他工作比以前更努力了。
This is quite/much the most expensive radio here.
这是这里最贵的收音机。
(3)有的程度副词，如quite、rather、almost等，还可修饰动词，但有些，如fairly、pretty、very等，则不能修饰动词。
I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。
We rather like the film.我们很喜欢这部电影。
[学法点拨]　常用的可以修饰形容词或副词比较级的程度副词(词组)有much、even、still、far、rather、any、a little、a bit、a lot、a great deal、by far等。表示进一步地补充说明程度大小。
Matters are a lot better than ever before.
情况比以往任何时候都好。
If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.
如果你能跳得更高些，我就奖励你。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①As soon as I had made the final decision, I felt a lot ________ (relaxed).
②They still need a great deal ________ (much) money to finish the project.
③On television he made an even ________ (strong) impact as an interviewer.
④It was by far the ________ (bad) speech he had ever made.
⑤It is unlikely that the marine industry will get any ________ (good) in September.
⑥The laws of physics might be rather ________ (flexible) than we thought.
完成句子
⑦She is __________________________ (比……年轻多了)her husband.
⑧She _________________________ (非常喜欢这辆自行车)，but she is not ready to buy it.
3．not...but...连接并列句
(教材原句)Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.
衡量成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而在于如何理解生活的真正意义。
[句式分析]　not...but...译为“不是……而是……”连接的前后内容在意义上表示转折(否定前者，肯定后者)，结构上表示并列(连接两个对等成分)。
The value of life lies not in the length of days, but in the use that we make of them.(该句中not...but...连接了两个并列的介词短语)
The value of life doesn't lie in the length of days, but lies in the use that we make of them.(该句中not...but...连接了两个并列的谓语)
[即学即练]　完成句子
①现在年轻人所缺乏的不是课本知识，而是实践经验。
What the young lack now is ________ book knowledge ________ practical experience.
②并不是说这事有什么要紧，而是你怎样花掉我给你的那笔钱。
________ that it mattered, ________ (that) how you spent the money I gave you.
③现实不是你希望事情成为的那样，也不是事情看上去的那样，而是事情本身的样子。
Reality is ________ the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, ________ the way they actually are.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We should buy some new ________ (家具)for the dorm.
2．He came to ________ (欣赏)the beauty of his reserved wife after so many years.
3．Hundreds of people died of ________ (饥饿)in this area, which raised people's concern.
4．I felt ________ (内疚的)for my rude behaviour.
5．The alcoholic settled himself ________ (舒适地)on the sofa with a bottle in his hand.
6．She is the ________ (象征)of hope for those desperate people.
7．The CEO is responsible for the ________ (最终的) decision after hearing your presentation.
8．She devoted an incredible part of her personal ________(财富)to the villagers.
Ⅱ.短语填空
drop out, be regarded as, be tired of, turn one's back on, continue to, give away, dream up, be pleased to, get on, a sense of success
1．It is the first time that I ____________ his invitation.
2．I ____________ share my tips with you on how to organise a get-together.
3．He ____________ the leading educationalist.
4．He was ____________ by one of his employees.
5．I ____________ his everlasting complaints.
6．Politics is seen as a man's world. It is very difficult for women to ____________．
7．He ____________ of school before graduation because he was distracted by so many annoying troubles.
8．I ____________ a plan to handle both problems at once.
9．It can not only stimulate your potential ability, but also bring you ____________．
10．You need to ____________ practice your pronunciation, as you lack fluency.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got ________ our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains.
2．________ (fortunate), curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
3．Housewarming parties get their name from the fact ________ a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.
4．I work not because I have to, ________ because I want to.
5．I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new ________ (appreciate) for his strange and delightful worlds.
6．Another way to hide a message is to use ________ (symbol) to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
7．For those who hunger ________ some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence.
8．We've been fortunate ________ (have) got good advice from some famous athletes on how to improve our skills and build up our body.
9．According to a survey, most students being interviewed, specifically 65%, choose to listen to English songs, ________ half of the students prefer to watch English movies.
10．I would appreciate ________ if you could provide me with information and help.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．张桂梅一直在致力于帮助无数不得不辍学的女孩实现上大学的梦想。
Zhang Guimei has been committed to helping countless girls who ______________________ realise their dreams of going to university.
2．按照说明书，你会发现这个装置的操作非常简单。
________________________________， you will find the operation of the device is __________________________________．
3．我不想让所有人都知道，所以如果你能保守秘密我会很感激。
I don't want everyone to know, so ________________________________ keep it to yourself.
4．在农村的人们可以呼吸到新鲜的空气，而在城市的人们可以享受到旅行的便利。
People in the countryside can enjoy fresh air ________________________________．
5．高中毕业后，苏珊把她所有有用的书都送给了以前学校的学生。
Graduating from senior high school, Susan ___________________________ the students studying in her former school.
Section B　Lesson 1　Money vs Success
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．fortune　2.symbol　3.ultimate　4.guilty　5.furniture
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．comfort; comfortable; comfortably　2.fortune; fortunate; fortunately; unfortunately　3.furniture; furnish; furnished　4.appreciate; appreciation; appreciative　5.hunger; hunger; hungry　6.guilt; guilty　7.symbolise; symbolic
8．millionaire　9.professional; professor　10.ultimately
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．become a millionaire　2.achieve one's goal　3.live comfortably　4.have no worries　5.turn one's back on　6.be tired of...　7.be regarded as...　8.give away　9.die of hunger　10.have the chance to do sth.
1．某人的最终目标　2.凭空想出　3.他们其余的时间　4.成功感　5.继续做某事　6.一名大学教授　7.200万美元的财富　8.一间小宿舍　9.二手家具　10.喜欢做某事　 11.照看；照顾　12.欣赏这种变化　13.很高兴做某事　14.放弃；投降　15.发迹；出人头地
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
1．millionaire　2.getting rich　3.turned his back on
4．professor　5.away　6.homeless people　7.helping others
8．but by
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．D　2.B　3.A　4.C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．a　2.that　3.to give　4.being regarded　5.happiness
6．simply　7.away　8.comes　9.happier　10.measured
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①symbols　②symbolise　③of/for　④signal　⑤sign ⑥mark　⑦symbol
2．①a　②to work　③to be saved　④Fortunately　⑤in ⑥fortunately　⑦fortunate　⑧try　⑨cost
3．①with　②was　③furnished　④with
4．①paying　②being given　③it　④appreciative　⑤I would appreciate it
5．①for　②for　③getting　④hunger　⑤for/after　⑥hungry
6．①about　②guiltily　③guilty　④guilty　⑤a
7．①to; with; to donate　②standing　③of　④it; spending; on　⑤to　⑥by　⑦for　⑧to spend; yourself　⑨that
第二版块|重要短语
1．①turn a deaf ear to　②turn my back on　③turn a blind eye to　④turn your back on others
2．①to　②away　③out　④up　⑤in
3．①through　②over　③on　④with　⑤around/round ⑥across　⑦into　⑧to
4．①at　②in　③off　④out
第三版块|典型句式
1．①while/when/as　②While/Although/Though　③while　④When　⑤ When/While/As　⑥while　⑦while my younger brother plays basketball well　⑧While/Although/Though I admit these problems are difficult
2．①more relaxed　②more　③stronger　④worst　⑤better ⑥more flexible　⑦much younger than　⑧quite likes the bike
3．①not; but　②Not; but　③not; but
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．furniture　2.appreciate　3.hunger　4.guilty
5．comfortably　6.symbol　7.ultimate　8.fortune
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．have turned my back on　2.am pleased to　3.is regarded as
4．given away　5.am tired of　6.get on　7.dropped out
8．dreamed up　9.a sense of success　10.continue to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．答案与解析：on　get on上(马、车等)。句意：于是，我和爸爸戴上新的牛仔帽，骑上马，慢慢地向山里行进。
2．答案与解析：Fortunately　空格处作整个句子的状语，故用副词fortunately。空格处位于句首，故首字母大写。句意：幸运的是，好奇心和不满足不需要学习。我们生来就拥有它们，只需要重新找回它们。
3．答案与解析：that　fact后接that引导的同位语从句。句意：乔迁派对得名于很久以前人们确实会把木柴作为礼物带到新家的事实。
4．答案与解析：but　not...but...意为“不是……而是……”。句意：我工作不是因为我必须工作，而是因为我想工作。
5．答案与解析：appreciation　空格处被形容词new修饰，故用名词appreciation。句意：我曾经写过一篇关于童话对罗尔德·达尔写作影响的论文，这篇论文让我对他奇异而又令人愉快的世界有了新的理解。
6．答案与解析：symbols　symbol为可数名词，结合语境可确定此处应使用名词的复数形式。句意：另一种隐藏信息的方法是使用符号来代表字母表中的特定字母。
7．答案与解析：for　hunger for渴望。句意：对于那些渴望平静与安宁的人来说，声音现在可以创造安静。
8．答案与解析：to have　be fortunate to do sth.有幸做某事，为固定搭配。句意：针对如何提高我们的技能和强健我们的身体，我们很幸运地从一些著名的运动员那里得到了很好的建议。
9．答案与解析：while　空格前后存在意思上的对比，故用while。句意：根据一项调查，大多数接受采访的学生，具体来说是65%的学生，选择听英文歌曲，而一半的学生更喜欢看英文电影。
10．答案与解析：it　I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激，为常用的写作句型。句意：如果您能给我提供信息和帮助，我将不胜感激。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．have to drop out of school
2．Following the instructions; extremely simple
3．I'd appreciate it if you could
4．while those in the cities can enjoy the convenience of travel
5．gave away all her useful books to

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