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课时作业(十五)　UNIT 3　Section E　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
(分值：61.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．Scientists have found that there are mountains and ________ (山谷) on the moon.
2．He defeated all his ________ (对手) in this election and became the new president.
3．In addition, they also ________ (雕，刻) words or figures on the wooden chairs.
4．The i________ was founded in 1997, and has made remarkable achievements since then.
5．We are conducting a survey of consumers' attitudes towards o________ food now.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共6小题；每小题1分，满分6分)
1．The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to check our ________ (claim), and to judge our actions.
2．These bags are generally recyclable, but ________ (billion) of them are thrown away every year.
3．Today the remains of ancient Rome have become a ________ (scene) spot to tourists from all over the world.
4．________ (cruel) to animals should be severely punished.
5．The job involves me ________ (travel) all over the country.
6．From 2004 to 2013, ________ (agriculture) land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
for instance, to sum up, apart from, suffer from, as a result of
1．____________ a few grammatical mistakes, your composition is well written.
2．Millions will face starvation next year ____________ the drought.
3．Many people ____________ mental illness at some point in their lives.
4．Well, ____________， what is the message that you are trying to get across
5．There are a number of improvements; ____________， both mouse buttons can now be used.
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
1．我想要感谢史密斯教授，如果没有他的帮助，我不会取得这么大的进步。
I wish to thank Professor Smith, __________________________ I would never have made so great progress.(读后续写—人物描写)
2．无论我们遇到什么困难，他都会毫不犹豫地来帮助我们。
____________________________， he doesn't hesitate to come to our aid.
3．虽然有雾，但是飞机照常起飞了。(一句多译)
①The plane took off as usual __________________________. (despite)
②____________________________， the plane took off as usual. (although)
4．This university that was founded in 1900 is one of the most famous universities in the world.(句型转换)
→__________________________________， this university is one of the most famous universities in the world.
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Blood Falls are at the tip of a giant glacier in Antarctica. As its name suggests, the icy face of Blood Falls is red—but not from blood. Instead, the water gets its color because it's rich in iron. When the water comes out from its underground beginnings, the iron is exposed to the air and quickly forms the red rust.
A scientist recently studied the rusty water and came up with some surprising results. The water that feeds Blood Falls probably comes from a salty underground lake. It's home to microbes that surprisingly don't need oxygen to survive.
“This salty lake is a sort of time capsule，” said Jill Mikucki, who led the study. When she and her team studied the water, they found no oxygen but lots of iron. They suspected that the underwater lake formed when a giant glacier, now 1，300 feet thick, moved over the salty lake at least 1.5 million years ago. This trapped the water and everything in it in an oxygen-free environment.
Unlike human beings and most other forms of life, the microbes from Blood Falls don't need oxygen to live. Instead, they are able to exist using the iron.
The study gives us more information about our own planet. It may be useful in other scientific areas—like the search for life on other planets. If scientists find living things on the Earth that live on iron instead of oxygen, researchers might have a better idea of where to look for life elsewhere.
1．For what do Blood Falls get the name？(　　)
A．They are rich in oxygen.
B．They reflect their red surroundings.
C．Their water rich in iron is red.
D．They are composed of blood.
2．What probably made Jill Mikucki most surprised？(　　)
A．The discovery of a salty underground lake.
B．Microbes that don't need oxygen to survive.
C．The movement of a giant glacier.
D．The color of Blood Falls.
3．Why did Jill Mikucki believe this salty lake is a sort of time capsule？(　　)
A．Because it was formed by a giant glacier.
B．Because it could be used to study life on other planets.
C．Because it was home to special microbes.
D．Because it was formed more than 1.5 million years ago.
4．What do the microbes from Blood Falls live on？(　　)
A．Air. B．Water.
C．Iron. D．Oxygen.
B
“You can use me as a last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids' lacrosse (长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug_at_the_heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on...At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I'll do it.”
I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more：Connecting to the community (社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies
5．What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1？(　　)
A．She knows little about the club.
B．She isn't good at sports.
C．She just doesn't want to volunteer.
D．She's unable to meet her schedule.
6．What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean？(　　)
A．Encourage teamwork.
B．Appeal to feelings.
C．Promote good deeds.
D．Provide advice.
7．What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3？(　　)
A．She gets interested in lacrosse.
B．She is proud of her kids.
C．She'll work for another season.
D．She becomes a good helper.
8．Why does the author like doing volunteer work？(　　)
A．It gives her a sense of duty.
B．It makes her very happy.
C．It enables her to work hard.
D．It brings her material rewards.
Ⅵ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Sleeping in class prevents you from paying attention to the teacher as well as stops you from learning about the material that is being taught. 1(____) It is important to determine why you are falling asleep in class and try to change the situation so that you are able to stay awake and pass all of your classes. There are a number of different tricks you can use to try to stay awake.
Get a full night's sleep on school nights. It is reported that teenagers may need more sleep than adults. 2(____) This is a key part to staying awake in class. If you are not tired, you are unlikely to fall asleep.
Eat a healthy breakfast full of nutritious food. 3(____) If you get hungry or tired in the middle of the day, try eating a healthy snack like a piece of fruit or some biscuits.
4(____) If you are actively engaged in the information the teacher is presenting, you are less likely to doze off. Taking notes, asking questions and otherwise getting involved in classroom activities and discussions will make you far less likely to doze off.
Contact your doctor in order to rule out medical conditions that can cause you to fall asleep. 5(____) Prescription drugs may also cause sleepiness as a side effect, so discuss any medicine you are taking with your doctor.
A．Get involved during class.
B．Early to bed, early to rise.
C．Sleeping more helps a lot in your study.
D．It can also get you in trouble with your teachers.
E．It can provide you with enough protein to fuel your body.
F．Go to bed earlier and make sure you get as many hours of sleep as your body needs.
G．If you have a medical condition that is causing you to fall asleep in class, it will need to be treated by a professional.
课时作业(十五)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．valleys　2.opponents　3.carve　4.institute　5.organic
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．claims　2.billions　3.scenic　4.Cruelty
5．traveling/travelling　6.agricultural
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Apart from　2.as a result of　3.suffer from　4.to sum up
5．for instance
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换
1．without whose help
2．Whatever difficulties we come across
3．①despite the fog　②Although it was foggy
4．Founded in 1900
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家在南极洲发现了神奇的、富含铁元素的“血瀑布”，此次发现提供给我们许多有关地球的信息，这对地球生命的研究也许具有划时代的意义。
1．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。由第一段中的Instead, the water gets its color because it's rich in iron. When the water comes out from its underground beginnings, the iron is exposed to the air and quickly forms the red rust.可以判断，“血瀑布”之所以有此名是因为水里富含铁元素，而铁暴露在空气中，很快就会形成红色的铁锈。
2．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。由第二段中的．..surprisingly don't need oxygen to survive.并结合第三段可知，这些微生物不需要氧气就能生存，这一点令她感到惊奇。
3．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。由第三段中的They suspected that the underwater lake formed when a giant glacier, now 1，300 feet thick, moved over the salty lake at least 1.5 million years ago.可以得出正确选项。
4．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。由第四段中的Instead, they are able to exist using the iron.可知这些微生物依靠铁元素生存。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章记述了作者请一位家长做志愿者的故事。文章侧重社会服务和人际沟通素养的培养。
5．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。本题题干意为：从第一段那位家长的回答中我们可以推断出关于她的什么？文章中，那位家长的回答是“你可以把我作为最后一个选择，如果没有其他人愿意当志愿者，那么我就做”。根据其回答可以知道，她其实是不太愿意做志愿者的，故C项正确。
6．答案与解析：B　词义猜测题。本题题干意为：第二段中的画线短语“tug at the heartstrings”的意思是什么？根据上下文可知，此处表示“我”又试了一次，这回开始打感情牌。画线短语意为“触动心弦”，故B项正确。A：鼓励团队合作；C：促进良好行为；D：提供建议。
7．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。本题题干意为：从第三段中，我们能够得知那位家长的什么情况？在文章的第三段，作者记述了那位家长在活动中所做的事情，即安排饮食计划、发送邮件、募集资金等，她成了团队中一个重要的成员。因此D项(她成了一个好助手)正确。
8．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。本题题干意为：为什么作者喜欢做志愿工作？根据文章倒数第二段中的“Connecting to the community...provides a real joy”以及“Volunteering just feels so good.”可知，作者认为，做志愿工作能让她开心。故B项正确。A：这给予她一种责任感；C：这让她能努力工作；D：这给她带来了物质上的回报。
Ⅵ.七选五
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。课堂上睡觉会妨碍你听讲。弄清楚你课上睡觉的原因并改变这种状况对你的学习非常重要。文章就“如何应对上课睡觉以保持头脑清醒”提供了几种有效的方法。
1．答案与解析：D　本空前一句介绍了上课睡觉的害处。根据D选项中的also可以判断，此选项也在讲上课睡觉的影响，故D选项符合前后逻辑，内容上也相关，故选D。
2．答案与解析：F　该空所在段落主题句为第一句话，即“上学时的晚上要得到充足的睡眠”，故F项与本段主题相符。
3．答案与解析：E　由本段主题Eat a healthy breakfast full of nutritious food.可以判断，该空所表达意思与饮食营养有关，故选E项。
4．答案与解析：A　根据文章特点可以判断此空为祈使句，并且是本段主题句。再根据本段内容可以判断应选A，即“积极参与课堂”。
5．答案与解析：G　根据本段语境为药物导致睡眠可以判断G项为最佳选项。课时作业(十四)　UNIT 3 Section D　Lesson 3　The Road to Destruction
(分值：64分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共3小题；每小题1分，满分3分)
1．In the past two ________ (十年), great changes have taken place in our country.
2．We remained s________ in the traffic jam until midnight due to a serious accident.
3．Coal and g________ are traditional fuels, but they bring lots of side effects too.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分)
1．We drove to the airport the next morning to pick ________ Susan.
2．People who ________ (regular) practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively.
3．From the ________ (annoy) look on her face, we knew that she was quite mad about what her son had done.
4．I was very ________ (anger) with myself for making such a stupid mistake.
5．If ________ (cancer) are found early, there is a high opportunity for survival.
6．It usually takes me 20 minutes ________ (get) home by bus.
7．Finally they climbed to the top of the mountain, ________ (tire) and thirsty.
8．I enjoyed my stay in the library ________ I could read various books I was interested in.
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
stressed out, be related to, go up, compared to, be addicted to
1．I went through about four years of ____________ video games.
2．I've had some difficulties, but they are nothing ____________ yours.
3．These students were ____________， having to cope with too much homework and too many demands.
4．The topic you choose must ____________ your studies.
5．If costs ____________， there will be an increase in prices.
Ⅳ.完成句子/句式升级(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
1．由于伊莎贝尔擅长研究，而彼得总是有说话的天赋，所以他们合作得很好。
As Isabel was good at researching ______________________________， they cooperated quite well.
2．英语老师强调了学好英语的重要性。(stress)
The English teacher __________________ English well.
3．毫无疑问，小麦的价格将会下降。(一句多译)
①__________________________ the price of wheat will go down.
②________________， the price of wheat will go down.
4．The boy was addicted to computer games, so he didn't want to study.(句式升级)
→______________________________， the boy didn't want to study.
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
More and more birds are flying to settle in Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of the local government. Covering an area of over 4，000 square kilometers, Qinghai Lake is also the country's biggest salt lake.
Located in Qinghai Province of Northwest China, the lake is famous for the two islands at its northwest point—Cormorant Island and Egg Island. The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various fish, offering rich food sources to birds. The islands have become a paradise for different kinds of groups of birds and have been called “Bird Islands”．
Each March and April, when ice and snow covering the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (高原) start to melt, over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggs. During the months, flocks of birds cover the whole sky over the islands and bird eggs can be found everywhere. Visitors can hear the singing of birds from miles away. These have become a world-famous symbol of the lake.
To protect this paradise for birds and support calls for ecological protection, China set up the Qinghai Lake National Natural Reserve at the end of 1997. Meanwhile, the State has pointed out that the Bird Islands and Spring Bay of Qinghai Lake were central reserves.
Inspectors and conservators often patrol (巡逻) the lake, enriching local residents' knowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about animal protection to visitors. They are making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birds. At the same time, they have built special fences around the island area to prevent wolves, foxes and other carnivorous animals, as well as illegal hunters from breaking up the birds' building nests, laying eggs and breeding (繁殖). As a result, more and more birds are coming to the islands for sheltering and breeding.
1．Why are more and more birds coming to the biggest salt lake in Northwest China？(　　)
A．Because it is getting warmer and warmer.
B．Because it is being reformed.
C．Because the environment is getting more agreeable for them to live in.
D．Because the people there are becoming richer and richer.
2．What do the birds feed on？(　　)
A．Floating fish and various grass.
B．Grass growing in the water and different kinds of fish.
C．Salt water and plenty of grains.
D．Corn from the local farmers.
3．According to the passage, we can infer that ________．(　　)
A．over 20 kinds of birds come to the Bird Islands before March
B．flocks of birds fly up to the whole sky over the islands to lay eggs
C．visitors can see the birds from miles away
D．the government has taken many measures to protect the district
4．This passage is most probably taken from ________.(　　)
A．a newspaper B．a document
C．a storybook D．a science book
B
Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it steamy, warm, damp and thick. But if you had been there around 15，000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests might have reacted to the cold, dry climate of the ice ages, but till now, no one has reached a satisfying answer.
Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to solve global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year, equal to the total amount of CO2 given off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to the future climate change If it gets drier, will it survive and continue to draw down CO2 Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.
Unfortunately, collecting information is incredibly difficult. To study the past climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen (花粉) kept in lake mud. Going back to the last ice age means drilling down into lake sediment (沉积物), which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery. There are very few roads and paths, or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes. Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest, but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled (未取样). So far, only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon forest reacted to climate change.
5．How do scientists study the past climate change？(　　)
A．By predicting the climate change in the future.
B．By drilling down deep into land sediment.
C．By taking samples from rivers in the Amazon.
D．By analyzing fossilized pollen in lake mud.
6．What is needed for drilling down into lake sediment？(　　)
A．The latest helicopter.
B．The special equipment.
C．The light machinery.
D．The narrow path.
7．What is the purpose of writing the passage？(　　)
A．To attract more people's attention to CO2.
B．To call on people to protect rainforests.
C．To inform people of how scientists work on rainforests.
D．To warn people to stay away from the danger of rainforests.
8．The best title for the text may be ________．(　　)
A．Mystery of the Rainforest
B．Climates of the Rainforest
C．The History of the Rainforest
D．Changes of the Rainforest
Ⅵ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Last night was the last game for my eight-year-old son's soccer team. It was the final quarter. The score was two to one, my son's team in the __1__.Parents encircled the field, offering __2__.
With less than ten seconds remaining, the ball __3__ in front of my son's teammate, Mikey O'Donnel. With __4__ of “Kick it！” echoing (回响) across the field, Mikey gave it everything he had. All round me the crowd __5__. O'Donnel had scored!
Then there was silence. Mikey had scored all right, but in the __6__ goal, ending the game in a tie. For a moment there was total silence. You see, Mikey has Down's syndrome (唐氏综合征) and for him there is no such thing as a wrong goal. All goals were __7__ by a joyous hug from Mikey. He had even run to hug the __8__ players when they scored.
The __9__ was finally broken when Mikey, his face filled with __10__， grabbed my son, hugged him and __11__， “I scored! I scored! Everybody won! Everybody won！” For a moment I held my breath, not sure how my son would __12__. I need not have worried. I watched, through tears, as my son __13__ his hand up in the classic high-five salute and started chanting, “Way to go Mikey! Way to go Mikey！” Within moments both teams __14__ Mikey, joining in the chant and __15__ him on his goal.
Later that night, when my daughter asked who had won, I smiled as I replied, “It was a tie. Everybody won.”　
1．(　　)A．lead B．front
C．end D．advance
2．(　　)A．favor B．assistance
C．encouragement D．satisfaction
3．(　　)A． stopped B．rolled
C．arrived D．pulled
4．(　　)A．orders B．wishes
C．thoughts D．shouts
5．(　　)A．disappointed B．erupted
C．terrified D．charmed
6．(　　)A．successful B．different
C．wrong D．standard
7．(　　)A．completed B．considered
C．supported D．celebrated
8．(　　)A．exciting B．experienced
C．opposing D．relaxed
9．(　　)A．record B．silence
C．surprise D．anger
10．(　　)A．shame B．sadness
C．joy D．tear
11．(　　)A．yelled B．announced
C．proved D．promised
12．(　　) A．decide B．shock
C．regret D．react
13．(　　)A．put B．held
C．took D．threw
14．(　　) A．defeated B．recognised
C．searched D．surrounded
15．(　　) A．punishing B．blaming
C．criticizing D．congratulating
课时作业(十四)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．decades　2.stuck　3.gas
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．up　2.regularly　3.annoyed　4.angry　5.cancers
6．to get　7.tired　8.where
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．being addicted to　2.compared to　3.stressed out
4．be related to　5.go up
Ⅳ.完成句子/句式升级
1．while Peter always had a talent for speaking
2．stressed the importance of learning
3．①There is no doubt that　②Without doubt
4．Addicted to computer games
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了越来越多的鸟来到青海湖，当地政府的保护措施使这个地方成为鸟类的天堂。政府向人们普及鸟类保护法，号召人们保护鸟类。
1．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“More and more birds are flying to settle in Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of the local government.”以及下文可知，越来越多的鸟飞到青海湖栖息一方面是由于当地政府对环境保护所做出的努力，另一方面是因为那里有充足的食物来源，也就是说那里的环境越来越适合鸟类生存。
2．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various fish, offering rich food sources to birds.”可知，两个岛上有丰富的水草与各种鱼类，为鸟类提供了丰富的食物。
3．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四、五段及第一段中的“thanks to the protection efforts of the local government”可知，政府已经采取了很多措施保护这片区域。
4．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是由于当地政府对环境的保护，越来越多的鸟来到青海湖。这篇文章很有可能出现在报纸上，是一篇新闻报道。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家为研究亚马孙雨林将如何应对将来的气候变化而对过去的雨林是如何度过冰河时期进行取样研究。
5．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据文中第三段第二句To study the past climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen (花粉) kept in lake mud.可知，要研究过去的气候，科学家需要看保存在湖泥中的花粉化石。故选D。
6．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据文中第三段第三句Going back to the last ice age means drilling down into lake sediment (沉积物), which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery.可知，钻到湖泊沉积物需要专门的设备和重型机械。C选项错在light。故选B。
7．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。这是一篇科普文章，通常写作目的是提供信息。A选项是吸引更多人对二氧化碳的注意，和文章无关；B选项是号召人们保护雨林，此文不是强调保护雨林；D选项是警告人们远离雨林的危险，文章没有讲到雨林的危险。故选C。
8．答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。根据第一段后两句But if you had been there around 15，000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests might have reacted to the cold, dry climate of the ice ages, but till now, no one has reached a satisfying answer.可知，人们对于雨林怎样应对气候变化一直没有满意的答案，二、三段讲述的是科学家进行该研究的价值和具体实践及遇到的困难，所有这些都是为了揭开原因，所以标题为“雨林的神秘”是最恰当的。B、C、D选项都仅仅是文章提到的部分信息。故选A。
Ⅵ.完形填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一场足球比赛中，虽然患有先天智力障碍的Mikey并没有踢对球门，但是他却让所有的人都赢了。队友们愿意接受他，这是对一个人的理解和尊重。
1．答案与解析：A　比分是2比1，“我”儿子所在的队领先。lead 领先；front 前面(位置)；end 结束，后面；advance 预先。
2．答案与解析：C　父母们都围在场地周围，不时地加油助威。encouragement 鼓励，鼓舞；favor 帮助；assistance 援助；satisfaction 满意。
3．答案与解析：B　离比赛结束不到十秒时，球滚到了儿子的队友——Mikey O'Donnel的面前。roll 滚动；stop 停止；arrive 到达；pull 拖拽。
4．答案与解析：D　“射门”的呼喊声传遍了全场。shout 喊叫声；order 顺序；wish 希望；thought 想法。
5．答案与解析：B　Mikey进了球，于是周围的人们沸腾起来。erupt 沸腾；disappoint 失望；terrify 恐惧；charm 吸引。
6．答案与解析：C　Mikey确实射中了，但射错了球门，以平局结束了比赛。wrong 错误的；successful 成功的；different 不同的；standard标准的。
7．答案与解析：D　对所有进球的队员，Mikey都会以欢快的拥抱表示祝贺。celebrate 庆祝；complete 完成；consider 考虑；support 支持。
8．答案与解析：C　对手进球时他甚至拥抱过对方队员。opposing players 对手。exciting 令人兴奋的；experienced 有经验的；relaxed 放松的。
9．答案与解析：B　最后，沉默被打破了。silence 沉默；record 记录；surprise 惊讶；anger 生气。
10．答案与解析：C　Mikey进了球，感到很高兴。joy 高兴；shame 羞愧；sadness 悲伤；tear 眼泪。
11．答案与解析：A　Mikey满脸欢喜，抓住“我”儿子，拥抱着他，高声叫道：“我进球了！我进球了！大家都赢了！大家都赢了！”yell 大叫；announce 宣布；prove 证明；promise 承诺。
12．答案与解析：D　“我”不知道儿子会作何反应。react 反应；decide 决定；shock 震惊；regret 遗憾。
13．答案与解析：A　“我”看到儿子举起手，用传统的方式与Mikey击掌庆贺。put one's hand up举起某人的手。根据常识可知应该是把手举起来击掌庆贺。
14．答案与解析：D　转瞬之间，双方队员都朝Mikey围过去。surround 围；defeat 打败；recognise 认清；search 搜寻。
15．答案与解析：D　队员们开始欢唱，祝贺他进了球。congratulate 祝贺；punish 惩罚；blame 责备；criticize 批评。课时作业(十一)　UNIT 3　Section A　Topic Talk
(分值：63.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共3小题；每小题1分，满分3分)
1．The prices of some ________ (一件商品) in that shop have decreased by 60%.
2．All glass bottles which can't be reused can be ________ (回收利用).
3．I will say no to p________ or paper bags at stores.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．It is illegal for hunters ________ (hunt) rare animals.
2．The class is discussing a newspaper article ________ urges citizens to help reduce the noise and air pollution in the city.
3．One-fifth of the animals and plants in this region are under the threat of ________ (extinct).
4．He is unlikely to be a threat ________ the Spanish player in the final.
5．She was about to cry out when she heard her father ________ (urgent) telling her to keep quiet.
6．He lives a very simple life as a man who has become ________ (incredible) rich.
7．The ________ (destroy) of the environment is one of the most serious challenges we face.
8．In his spare time, he either listens to soft music to relax himself or switches ________ the TV to watch the news.
9．His story is so ________ (inform) that you can really benefit from it.
10．Russell says he broke the law for staying ________ (illegal) for five days in November.
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
have a role, do one's part, work on, be bad for, cut down
1．Reading in poor light ____________ people's eyes.
2．As a member of the international society, we ____________ to play.
3．We are constantly being reminded to ____________ our fat intake.
4．He returned to America where he set out to ____________ a new novel.
5．In the past decade, the administration has ____________ in environmental protection.
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
1．我访问的每一个国家也都在这个项目中发挥作用。
Each of the countries that I'm visiting also ____________________________________．
2．我明白保护环境就是保护我们人类自己。(see)
__________________________ to protect the environment is to protect us human beings.
3．当我老了，我希望我能像她陪伴我一样陪伴我的孩子们。
When I am older, I hope I could be there for my children the way ______________________________．
4．Work hard at English and you will make progress.(句型转换)
→______________________________ at English, you will make progress.
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
When I was in the third grade, we had a hunt at school. We gathered up chalk，pencils，stones, and so on, rapidly filling our checklists. It was a very close race. I was out of breath when I reached the clover (三叶草) patch in search of the last, most hard-to-find item: a four-leaf clover.
I was pretty sure that I was going to win. I have always been able to find four-leaf clovers. I just saw them.
I spent my childhood collecting and pressing four-leaf clovers into books at my mother's house. I started with big cloth and leather-bound books. When I ran out of romantically bound volumes, I began to put my treasures into anything I could find: fiction paperbacks and cookbooks. The same is true in my house today. Shake a book, and a papery treasure just might fall into your hand.
A few years ago, in Nova Scotia, my husband and I pulled off the road for a picnic. The ground was thick with clover. Some shoots had four, five, even six leaves. I lined them up on the picnic table to admire as my husband, never yet having found one four-leaf clover, looked on in awe. To me, it was simple. The differences in their shapes popped out, breaking the pretty pattern of the conventional clover with their three perfect leaves.
Two summers back, while waiting for an airport shuttle in Munich, I found a tiny four-leaf clover in a traffic circle and put it into my passport. On the way home, my husband and I were upgraded to business class. Friends attributed our good luck to the clover. I think, it's more likely that we were upgraded because a kind customer service officer took pity on us.
People disagree about whether the luck lies in the finding or in the possession of a four-leaf clover. Some believe that the luck is lost if the four-leaf clover is even shown to somebody else, while others think the luck doubles if it is given away. I believe that positivity is increased by sharing. I feel lucky to find the clovers so often, but I don't think they influence my life any more than it does to share anything a little special—that momentary closeness between you and a friend or a stranger, as you all lean in to wonder at a rare find.
1．Why can the author notice four-leaf clovers so easily？(　　)
A．She always has good luck.
B．She has a special gift for plants.
C．She practiced a lot in her childhood.
D．She can tell the pattern differences.
2．How does the author deal with her four-leaf clovers？(　　)
A．She often gives them away.
B．She leaves them everywhere.
C．She treats them with special love.
D．She admires them with her husband.
3．How does the author understand luck and clovers？(　　)
A．The closeness brought by clovers really counts.
B．Clovers will influence one's good luck a lot.
C．Good luck means finding or owning a clover.
D．Good luck may double if you give clovers away.
4．What may be the best title for the passage？(　　)
A．Hunting Clovers B．Sharing Clovers
C．Not Just for Luck D．Just for Luck
B
A dragonfly barely an inch and a half long appears to be the animal world's most productive long distance traveler—flying thousands of miles over oceans as it migrates from continent to continent—according to a newly published research.
Biologists who led the study say the evidence is in the genes. They found that populations of this dragonfly, called Pantala flavescens, in Texas, eastern Canada, Japan, Korea, India, and South America, have genes so similar that there is only one likely explanation. Apparently—somehow—these insects are traveling distances that are extraordinarily long for their small size, breeding (繁殖) with each other, and creating a common worldwide gene pool.
But how do insects from different continents manage to meet and hook up Ware says it appears to be the way their bodies have evolved. “These dragonflies have adaptations such as increased surface areas on their wings that enable them to use the wind to carry them.”
Dragonflies, in fact, have already been observed crossing the Indian Ocean from Asia to Africa. “They are following the weather，” says Daniel Troast, who analyzed the DNA samples in Ware's lab. “They're going from India where it's the dry season to Africa where it's the wet season, and apparently they do it once a year.”
Wetness is a must for Pantala to reproduce, and that, says Ware, is why these insects would be driven to even attempt such a dangerous trip, which she calls a “kind of suicide.” The species depends on it. While many will die on the route, as long as enough make it, the species survives.
For the moment, the details of this extraordinary insect travel are a best educated guess. Much more work is needed to bring many loose ends together. Ware and Troast hope that scientists can work on plotting those routes.
5．What proves Pantala flavescens are the world's longest-distance flyers？(　　)
A．Scientists have tracked the dragonfly across the world.
B．There are many Pantala flavescens in various continents.
C．The same dragonfly was found both in Asia and America.
D．Pantala flavescens in different continents have similar genes.
6．What helps Pantala flavescens fly over so long distance？(　　)
A．Their special body shape.
B．Their ability to use wind.
C．Their small and light bodys.
D．Their large and strong wings.
7．What is necessary for Pantala flavescens to reproduce？(　　)
A．Damp weather.
B．Enough sunshine.
C．Dry environment.
D．Warm nests.
8．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to？(　　)
A．The weather. B．The insect.
C．The wind. D．The trip.
Ⅵ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
The American book Who Moved My Cheese has been a best seller all over the world. It tells a story which happened between mice and people. 1(____)
The book tells us that when facing changes in our lives, like a new school or new friends, don't be afraid. 2(____) The book gives an example of a change at school. A school is changing from having two terms to three terms because there are too many students. Several teenagers are talking about this. Most of them are unhappy and worried. But Chris laughs and tells a story about two mice, two “little people” and some cheese.
The four are in a maze (迷宫) looking for the cheese. Here, cheese means something important in life, like moving to a new class or getting into college. 3(____) The mice realize that they can't change what has happened and have to find more cheese. This means finding different dreams. The little people, however, can't do this. 4(____)
After Chris finishes the story, his friends understand one thing: 5(____) His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teenagers face, such as doing well at school or having good relationships or just feeling good about yourself.
A．I bought one last week and found it very interesting.
B．Instead, use these changes to make a better life.
C．However, some strange things happened in a school.
D．Its author Spencer Johnson has written the book just for teenagers.
E．To get more cheese, move in a new direction quickly.
F．But they find the cheese is gone.
G．They are afraid of changes so they find no cheese.
课时作业(十一)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．items　2.recycled　3.plastic
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．to hunt　2.that/which　3.extinction　4.to　5.urgently　6.incredibly　7.destruction　8.on　9.informative
10．illegally
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．is bad for　2.have a role　3.cut down　4.work on　5.done its part
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换
1．has a role to play in this project　2.I can see that
3．that she is for me　4.If you work hard
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小到大一直喜欢收集四叶草，并能够比别人更容易地找出四叶草。有些人认为，如果四叶草被展示给别人看，运气就会丧失；而另一些人则认为，如果将四叶草送给别人，运气就会加倍。作者相信分享会增加积极性，找到四叶草并和别人分享的那种亲密感才是重要的。
1．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由第四段中To me, it was simple. The differences in their shapes popped out, breaking the pretty pattern of the conventional clover with their three perfect leaves.可知，它们形状的差异会突显出来，打破了传统三叶草美丽的形状。所以作者能辨别三叶草和四叶草的形状的区别。
2．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。由第三段可以看出作者非常乐于收集四叶草；第五段中介绍了作者在机场看见一片小的四叶草也会夹在护照里；在作者眼中，四叶草是她的“treasure”并乐于向丈夫、朋友分享。由此可以判断出作者对四叶草有着特别的爱。
3．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。由最后一段中I don't think they influence my life any more than it does to share anything a little special—that momentary closeness between you and a friend or a stranger, as you all lean in to wonder at a rare find.判断出作者认为四叶草带来的亲密感才是重要的。
4．答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。作者通过自己的经历，旨在表达并不只是四叶草能带来幸运，找到四叶草并和别人分享的那种亲密才是最重要的。故C选项“不只是运气”为短文的最佳标题。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种长途飞行的蜻蜓Pantala flavescens。这种蜻蜓冒险长途飞行的原因是它的繁殖需要湿润的气候。
5．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，领导这项研究的生物学家说基因就是证据。Pantala flavescens蜻蜓在不同的洲有可能留有后代，才会有相似的基因。反过来，在不同的洲有共同的基因，证明了它们曾飞到过那儿，也就证明了这种蜻蜓是长途飞行者。
6．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的These dragonflies have adaptations such as increased surface areas on their wings that enable them to use the wind to carry them.可知这些蜻蜓适应性强，比如翅膀上表面积的增加，使它们能够利用风来飞行。故B项(运用风飞行的能力)正确。
7．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第五段首句中的Wetness is a must for Pantala to reproduce可知这种蜻蜓的繁殖必须要湿润的气候。
8．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，对于这种昆虫来说，这种危险的旅行是自杀式行为。虽然许多昆虫会死在途中，但这种物种依靠这种旅行生存下来。从后面一句While many will die on the route, as long as enough make it, the species survives.可知，it指的是上文的危险旅行。
Ⅵ.七选五
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一本美国畅销书《谁动了我的奶酪》。
1．答案与解析：D　前文提到“《谁动了我的奶酪》讲述了一个发生在老鼠和人之间的故事。”是该书的内容简介，D选项“该书的作者斯宾塞·约翰逊专为青少年写了这本书。”为作者的介绍，与前文对应。故选D项。
2．答案与解析：B　前文提到“这本书告诉我们，当我们面对生活中的变化时，比如新学校或新朋友，不要害怕”，B项“相反，利用这些变化来创造更好的生活。”与前文的内容衔接自然，“changes”与前文呼应。故选B项。
3．答案与解析：F　前文提到“在这里，奶酪意味着生活中重要的事情，比如搬到一个新的班级或进入大学。”指生活中出现了新变化，奶酪自然就不见了，后文又提到“必须找到更多的奶酪”。F项“但是他们发现奶酪不见了。”承上启下。故选F项。
4．答案与解析：G　上句提到“小矮人做不到这个”，G项“他们害怕变化，所以找不到奶酪。”解释前句小矮人找不到奶酪的原因。故选G项。
5．答案与解析：E　根据设空处前文可知，此处总结文章主旨，结合全文的启示，在生活中遇到变化时，我们需要快速融入环境。E项“为了得到更多的奶酪，快速地朝新的方向前进。”与文章的主旨相对应。故选E项。课时作业(十二)　UNIT 3 Section B　Lesson 1　The Sixth Extinction
(分值：60分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共4小题；每小题1分，满分4分)
1．An unhappy home environment can ________ (影响) a child's behaviour.
2．The measures are intended to ________ (恢复) public confidence in the economy.
3．The authority determined to save the s________ to prevent them from going extinct.
4．All cars will be powered by electricity, s________ energy or wind in the future city.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．The shop sells ________ (variety) of toys that attract lots of children.
2．The number of the workers in that factory is ________ the decrease.
3．The managing director was to blame ________ the accident, although it was not really his fault.
4．What should be done to punish people who do harm to the ________ (endanger) animals
5．You should thank those who oppose you because they give you a(n) ________ (usual) opportunity for growth.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练—单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．There are one hundred people in the museum, about one-third of ________ belong to one group.
2．You will mainly learn Chinese food ________ is deeply loved by Chinese people.
3．I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, ________ was a big challenge for me.
4．There is nothing we can do to help Linda, ________ circumstances are beyond our control.
5．These are the texts to be reviewed, all of ________ are intended for the coming exams.
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换(共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分)
1．我们学生进行自我反思是很重要的。
________________________ we students should conduct self-reflection.
2．它的利润增长速度是一般公司的4倍。(一句多译)
①Its profits are rising __________________ those of the average company. (than)
②Its profits are rising ____________________________ those of the average company. (as... as)
3．The study (书房) is the place where I often have talks with my father.(句型转换)
→The study is the place __________________________ I often have talks with my father.
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
In the short time Steve and Zach had been inside their tent packing their tools, wind-blown flame had skipped from the top of one tree to another. The long dry summer had turned the forest into a tinderbox.
“Let's go! We can make it back to the river we crossed today！” Steve kept Brady on the lead and their heads down against the fire-wind. But Brady barked a sharp warning. Ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track. They would never make it through that. The dog was pulling at his lead trying to draw them away from the smoke, and yet Steve was uneasy. It seemed to him that they were moving away from the river.
Suddenly, Zach cried. “Zach！” Steve shouted. “Are you OK Where are you？” Then Brady pulled Steve down a sharp slope (斜坡). At its base, Zach was rubbing his ankle.
As Steve helped his friend to his feet, Brady lifted his head and snuffed (嗅) the smoke-laden wind. Next moment, the dog bounded away and disappeared. The boys shouted for him, but he didn't come back. Steve couldn't blame Brady for panicking. He himself wanted to run even though he didn't have a clue which way to.
Steve and Zach hadn't gone far when there was a familiar bark, and Brady came bounding, stopped directly in front of Steve and hit him with his head, pushing him back toward the slope they'd just climbed. But Steve didn't get it. Then Brady grabbed the boy's jeans and started pulling. The message was clear, but Steve hesitated. Of course he remembered Brady saving his uncle's life when the dog was much younger. Was he still sharp enough to get them through this
Nearby, a pine went up in a whoosh of smoke. Brady pulled again, urgently. “OK, the big guy，” Steve gritted his teeth (咬紧牙关). Brady led them back down the slope and into the trees. Not far from them fire was touching underbrush. Several times the big dog stopped. Often he changed directions. Steve was so tired that he just wanted to rest, but Brady wouldn't have it. The dog bullied both boys into going on. Steve had no idea how long they'd walked. He was almost numb when he heard it—the wonderful sound of rushing water!
1．What happened to Steve and Zach at first？(　　)
A．They got injured.
B．They lost their dog.
C．They were trapped.
D．They became separated.
2．Brady ran away to ________．(　　)
A．seek help B．find a way out
C．rescue Zach D．escape
3．How did Steve feel after Brady pulled his jeans？(　　)
A．Uneasy. B．Impatient.
C．Numb. D．Uncertain.
4．The passage basically describes ________．(　　)
A．an adventure B．an exploration
C．an escape game D．a training program
B
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin (褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
5．According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk ________．(　　)
A．started sleep more easily
B．were more anxious
C．were less active
D．woke up later
6．Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text？(　　)
A．It's been tested on mice for ten times.
B．It can make people more energetic.
C．It exists in milk in great amount.
D．It's used in sleeping drugs.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text？(　　)
A．Night Milk and Sleep
B．Fat, Sugar and Health
C．An Experiment on Mice
D．Milk Drinking and Health
8．How does the author support the theme of the text？(　　)
A．By giving examples.
B．By stating arguments.
C．By explaining statistical data.
D．By providing research results.
Ⅵ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Savannah Phillips sat into her window seat on a United Airlines flight to Illinois. She __1__ at her seatmate. He was in his 60s and was busy texting. The words were __2__ large and the screen was bright, making it easy for Phillips to __3__ what he was tapping out：“Hey Babe, I'm sitting next to a smelly fatty.”
“It was like confirmation of the negative __4__ I think about myself per day，” the 33-year-old mother wrote in a Facebook post after the flight. Soon tears __5__ down her cheeks as she hugged the cabin wall tightly.
Sitting a row __6__ them was Chase Irwin. He could see the man's texts and Phillips. “I __7__ her looking at his phone. I was sick to my stomach. I could not have this guy sit next to her and her thinking he's __8__ her，” he told Nashville's News Channel 5.
__9__， Irwin had unfastened his seat belt and was hovering (徘徊) over the texter. “Hey, I need to talk to you，” Irwin told him. “We are __10__ seats, now.” When the texter asked __11__. Irwin said, “You're texting about her, and I'm not __12__ that.”
The texter __13__ quickly. Irwin sat beside Phillips and was soon cheering up his new seatmate.
“He encouraged me not to let that guy get to me and that everything was going to be __14__，” Phillips wrote. And he was right. She and Irwin spent the rest of the flight chatting like old friends.
With her __15__ in humanity restored, Phillips wrote on Facebook, “The flight attendant told him that he was her hero. He was mine, too.”　　　　
1．(　　)A．stared B．guessed
C．glanced D．wondered
2．(　　)A．unusually B．strongly
C．preciously D．attractively
3．(　　)A．watch B．master
C．read D．predict
4．(　　)A．effects B．things
C．characters D．actions
5．(　　)A．streamed B．jumped
C．followed D．wandered
6．(　　)A．outside B．beyond
C．across D．behind
7．(　　)A．imagined B．prevented
C．noticed D．left
8．(　　)A．getting hold of B．taking control of
C．taking advantage of D．making fun of
9．(　　)A．Instantly B．Hesitantly
C．Cautiously D．Proudly
10．(　　)A．fixing B．designing
C．switching D．cleaning
11．(　　) A．how B．why
C．when D．what
12．(　　) A．breaking up with B．putting up with
C．coming up with D．keeping up with
13．(　　) A．reacted B．replied
C．agreed D．shook
14．(　　) A．beautiful B．gone
C．possible D．fine
15．(　　) A．faith B．value
C．gratitude D．achievement
课时作业(十二)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．affect　2.restore　3.species　4.solar
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．varieties　2.on　3.for　4.endangered　5.unusual
Ⅲ.单元语法专练—单句语法填空
1．whom　2.which/that　3.which　4.whose　5.which
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换
1．It is important that　2.①four times faster than　②four times as fast as　3.in which
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Steve和Zach在森林宿营时遇到大火，他们的狗Brady竭尽全力救二人脱险的经历。
1．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段Suddenly, Zach cried.“Zach！” Steve shouted.“Are you OK Where are you？”Then Brady pulled Steve down a sharp slope (斜坡). At its base, Zach was rubbing his ankle.可知二人分开了。
2．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知Brady凭借自己的敏锐为Steve和Zach寻找到了去河边的安全通道。
3．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第五段中But Steve didn't get it. Then Brady grabbed the boy's jeans and started pulling. The message was clear, but Steve hesitated.可知Steve犹豫不决。
4．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据全文内容可知这是一个冒险经历。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。晚上睡前喝一杯热牛奶有助于睡眠是一个常识，那么睡前喝在夜间收集的牛奶对睡眠有哪些影响呢？让我们一起来看看研究者的新发现吧。
5．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段“Those given night milk...during daytime”可知，喝了白天挤出来的牛奶的老鼠更活跃，也很少焦虑。
6．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第六段第一句“...taking melatonin...at night”可知，安眠类药品里含有褪黑激素。故选D。
7．答案与解析：A　标题概括题。本文主要介绍了喝晚上挤出来的牛奶对睡眠的好处，因为晚上挤出来的牛奶中含有更多的褪黑激素，所以喝晚上挤出来的牛奶有助于睡眠，还能减轻身体负担。故A项“晚上挤出来的牛奶和睡眠”最能概括文章主旨，适合作标题。故选A。
8．答案与解析：D　写作手法题。本文先用睡前喝牛奶有助睡眠这一传统观点引出主题，即睡前喝晚上挤出来的牛奶不仅有助睡眠，还能减轻身体负担，然后引用了具体的研究结果来进一步论证主题，阐释观点。故选D。
Ⅵ.完形填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Savannah Phillips在飞往Illinois的飞机上，无意间看到邻座发短信称她为臭胖子，这让她感到非常痛苦。Savannah后排的乘客Irwin看到了这一切，然后将座位换到了她的旁边来鼓励她的故事。
1．答案与解析：C　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“The words were ________ large and the screen was bright”可知，Phillips瞥见了邻座手机上的信息。glance意为“瞥见”，符合语境。故选C。
2．答案与解析：A　考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，男人手机的字体特别大。unusually意为“特别地，不寻常地”，符合语境。故选A。
3．答案与解析：C　考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“The words were ________ large and the screen was bright”可知，男人手机上的字体很大且屏幕很亮，因此Phillips很容易看到邻座屏幕上的字。read意为“读取”，符合语境。故选C。
4．答案与解析：B　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，男人的话就像Phillips每天对自己的消极看法的证据。thing意为“事情”，符合语境。故选B。
5．答案与解析：A　考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“tears”及语境可知，泪水沿着她的面颊流了下来。stream意为“流”，符合语境。故选A。
6．答案与解析：D　考查介词辨析。根据第三段第二句“He could see the man's texts and Phillips.”可推知，Irwin坐在他们后排。behind意为“在……后”，符合语境。故选D。
7．答案与解析：C　考查动词辨析。根据第三段第二句“He could see the man's texts and Phillips.”可知，Irwin注意到Phillips在看那个男人的手机。notice意为“注意到”，符合语境。故选C。
8．答案与解析：D　考查动词短语辨析。根据第一段最后一句中的“I'm sitting next to a smelly fatty”可知，那个邻座男人在嘲笑Phillips。make fun of意为“嘲笑”，符合语境。故选D。
9．答案与解析：A　考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“Irwin had unfastened his seat belt”及语境可知，Irwin立即采取了行动。instantly意为“迅速地”，符合语境。故选A。
10．答案与解析：C　考查动词辨析。根据第五段第二句中的“Irwin sat beside Phillips”可知，Irwin与男子换了座位。switch意为“交换”，符合语境。故选C。
11．答案与解析：B　考查连词辨析。根据下文中的“Irwin said，‘You're texting about her’”可知，Irwin解释了他换座位的原因。由此可推知，对方在询问Irwin换座的原因。故选B。
12．答案与解析：B　考查动词短语辨析。根据第三段最后一句中的“I could not have this guy sit next to her”可知，Irwin无法容忍这个男人的行为。put up with意为“忍受”，符合语境。故选B。
13．答案与解析：C　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“Irwin sat beside Phillips”可知，那个男人同意了换座。agree意为“同意”，符合语境。故选C。
14．答案与解析：D　考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，Irwin在鼓励Phillips，一切都会好起来，fine意为“好的”，符合语境。故选D。
15．答案与解析：A　考查名词辨析。根据最后一段最后一句“He was mine, too.”可知，Irwin的举动使Phillips对人性重拾了信心。faith意为“信心”，符合语境。故选A。课时作业(十三)　UNIT 3 Section C　Lesson 2　War On Plastic Packets
(分值：60分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共4小题；每小题1分，满分4分)
1．I'll take these two skirts. Please ________ (包) them up for me.
2．Many foreigners are used to using ________ (筷子) when they are in China.
3．Normally, the t________ system in Paris carries many passengers a day.
4．Beijing has had the city c________ pass a law forbidding smoking in public places.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．It is a shame to be so ________ (waste).
2．Jack still can't help being anxious ________ his job interview.
3．Cloth bags are ________ (reuse), so they are environmentally friendly.
4．The price increases were passed on by the firm to ________ (consume).
5．Environmental ________ (aware) has increased over the past 10 years.
6．It is selling very well, in part because the ________ (package) is so attractive.
7．I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make up my mind.
8．Compared with abstract art, I have a preference for ________ (reality) art.
9．With new technology applied to art, more and more ________ (innovate) works will be created.
10．Mr Smith owns a larger ________ (collect) of coins than anyone else I have ever met.
Ⅲ.选词填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
set out, do away with, end up, focus on, in action
1．If you don't know what you want, you might ____________ getting something you don't want.
2．The simplest definition of success is to ____________ to do something and to succeed in doing it.
3．It took an extraordinary effort for him to ____________ preparing for his classes or correcting his students' homework.
4．____________ the bad habits that might damage your health.
5．It is reported that a local naval (海军的) flier missed ____________．
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换(共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分)
1．简不知道怎样才能提高她的汉语水平。(一句多译)
①Jane doesn't know ____________________ her Chinese.
②Jane doesn't know ____________________ her Chinese.
2．均衡饮食有助于保持我们的身体正常运行。
Having a balanced diet helps ______________________________．
3．It's a good idea for you to keep a diary while you are travelling in the area.(句型转换)
→It's a good idea for you to keep a diary while ____________________________．
Ⅴ.阅读理解(共12小题；每小题2.5分，满分30分)
A
Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot, When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back, Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.
Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grass may contain a sandy material; eating such grass wears down the animals' teeth.
Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.
1．The leaves of the holly plant have more spines on the lower branches because most animals ________．(　　)
A．are not tall enough
B．like the lower leaves only
C．are not clever enough
D．can get the lower leaves easily
2．To defend themselves, oak trees use ________．(　　)
A．chemical means B．physical means
C．bitter chemicals D．sandy materials
3．How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar？(　　)
A．Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.
B．Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.
C．Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.
D．Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.
4．What would be the best title for this passage？(　　)
A．Plants and Animals
B．How Plants Defend Themselves
C．Attacks and Defenses
D．How Animals Eat Plants' Leaves
B
Surviving Hurricane Sandy (飓风桑迪)
Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，” she says.
On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
“My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me，” Natalie says，“but I can always choose how I deal with it.”
Natalie's choice was to help.
She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick's collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the scars (创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”
5．When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found ________．(　　)
A．some friends had lost their lives
B．her neighborhood was destroyed
C．her school had moved to Brooklyn
D．the elderly were free from suffering
6．According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most？(　　)
A．The people helping Rockaway rebuild.
B．The people trapped in high-rise buildings.
C．The volunteers donating money to survivors.
D．Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.
7．How did Natalie help the survivors？(　　)
A．She gave her toys to other kids.
B．She took care of younger children.
C．She called on the White House to help.
D．She built an information sharing platform.
8．What does the story intend to tell us？(　　)
A．Little people can make a big difference.
B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C．East or west, home is best.
D．Technology is power.
C
On World Mental Health Day (10 October), employees at our Melbourne office in Australia, held a morning tea event to raise funds for ReachOut Australia—an online mental health organization for young people and their parents.
The event included a raffle (抽奖) with the winner receiving a free “mental health day” and the runner up receiving a half-day. Mental health days are personal days taken off of work that are not deducted (扣除) from annual leave balances. They are designed to enable employees to practice self-care and spend time doing more of what makes them feel happy and refreshed.
As well as the morning tea, the Melbourne office held a “Stress Down Day” where employees wore casual, comfortable clothes (such as tracksuits and slippers) to work by donation. The proceeds from this were also donated to ReachOut Australia, along with money raised at the morning tea.
OUP HR (牛津大学出版社人力资源) Administrator Abigail Jenkins, explains，“Being able to raise money for ReachOut Australia is so meaningful as many young people in Australia experience clinically significant mental health issues but are not receiving support. It's my belief that nobody should be suffering like that, let alone our young people. Supporting an organization that aims to provide free, accessible, and immediate help is really meaningful to everyone here.”
In order to promote mental health awareness within the team, the various fundraising activities were supported by a presentation from the Black Dog Institute, covering mental health in the workplace, how to recognize early warning signs, and how to care for ourselves and others.
9．Why did the staff members of Melbourne office hold the morning tea event？(　　)
A．To celebrate World Mental Day.
B．To help treat those with disabilities.
C．To collect money for young people and their parents.
D．To collect money for an online mental health organization.
10．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to？(　　)
A．Balances. B．Events.
C．Organizations. D．Mental health days.
11．What can be inferred from Abigail Jenkins' words？(　　)
A．Many young people offer to help.
B．Many young people suffer mental problems in Australia.
C．We should support an organization to help those with mental health problems.
D．Many people with mental health problems don't get help from the government.
12．What is the main idea of the text？(　　)
A．How is World Mental Health Day formed.
B．ReachOut Australia carried out a presentation for those with mental problems.
C．Fundraising activities are held to support those with mental health problems in Australia.
D．The Black Dog Institute performed activities to support those with mental health problems.
课时作业(十三)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．wrap　2.chopsticks　3.transportation　4.council
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．wasteful　2.about　3.reusable　4.consumers
5．awareness　6.packaging　7.where/when　8.realistic
9．innovative　10.collection
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．end up　2.set out　3.focus on　4.Do away with
5．in action
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．①how she can improve　②how to improve
2．keep our body working well
3．travelling in the area
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍不能移动的植物是如何保护自己的，有些植物采取了物理学上的方法，有些采取了化学上的方法，使自己免受动物的伤害，保护自己。
1．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.可知选D项。
2．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.可知橡树有厚的、坚硬的叶子，使用的是物理学上的方法来保护自己。故B项正确。
3．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends the roots the information to produce more nicotine.可知树根引起分泌出更多的尼古丁，故C项正确。
4．答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是不能移动的植物是如何保护自己的，有些植物采取了物理学上的方法，有些采取了化学上的方法，使自己免受动物的伤害，保护自己。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了一个女孩在家乡小镇遭遇飓风后，尽自己的力量创建了一个信息分享网站来帮助人们重建家园。文章告诉我们：只要尽力，小人物也会有大贡献。
5．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.可知Natalie回到Rockaway时，发现社区的房子都被毁了。故选B。
6．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句In the following few day, the men... inspired Natalie.可知，是那些帮助重建Rockaway的人们鼓舞了Natalie。故选A。
7．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章第七段第一句She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.可知，Natalie创建了一个信息共享平台来帮助幸存者。故选D。
8．答案与解析：A　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个小女孩在家乡遭遇飓风后，尽自己的力量帮助幸存者的故事。文章旨在告诉我们：在危机来临时，每个人都可以贡献出自己的一份力量。A项“小人物也会有大贡献”符合文章主旨。故选A。
C
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在世界心理健康日这天，墨尔本办公室的工作人员为提高人们的心理健康意识，举行了各种形式的募捐活动。
9．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to raise funds for ReachOut Australia—an online mental health organization for young people and their parents”可知，墨尔本办公室的工作人员之所以组织早茶活动是为了帮助一个在线心理健康组织筹款。故选D。
10．答案与解析：D　指代判断题。根据画线词前一句“Mental health days are personal days taken off of work that are not deducted (扣除) from annual leave balances.”以及画线词所在句中的“to enable employees to practice selfcare and spend time doing more of what makes them feel happy and refreshed”可知，心理健康日不会扣除年假，属于自己的私人时间，这个节日的设立能够鼓励员工自我关心并花时间做更多让自己开心和放松的事。由此可推知，They指代的是“mental health days”。故选D。
11．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“Being able to raise money for ReachOut Australia is so meaningful”以及最后一句“Supporting an organization that aims to provide free, accessible, and immediate help is really meaningful to everyone here.”可知，对于大家来说，帮助ReachOut Australia组织筹款是很有意义的，因为这个组织可以为有需要的人提供帮助。由此可推知，我们应该支持这个组织来帮助那些有心理健康问题的人。故选C。
12．答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了在世界心理健康日这天，墨尔本办公室的工作人员为提高人们的心理健康意识，举行了各种形式的募捐活动。C项很好地概括了文章主旨。故选C。

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