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2026年人教必修第二册U3 高考二轮复习核心资料（词汇+语法+高考真题）
第一部分 核心单词
1：inspire
1. 词性：vt.（及物动词）；核心含义：激励；启发；使产生灵感 2. 核心搭配：inspire sb. to do sth.（激励某人做某事）；inspire sth. in sb.（使某人产生某种情感/想法） 3. 派生词：inspiring adj.（令人鼓舞的，修饰物）；inspired adj.（受启发的，修饰人）；inspiration n.（灵感；鼓舞）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
The coach’s speech ________ (inspire) the team to win the championship.
答案：inspired
解析：考查一般过去时。“教练的演讲激励团队夺冠”是过去发生的动作，inspire的过去式为inspired，同时契合inspire sb. to do sth.的核心搭配。
2024浙江卷：The documentary about environmental protection is so ________ (inspire) that it has raised public awareness.
答案：inspiring
解析：考查派生词辨析。此处修饰物documentary，用inspiring（令人鼓舞的）；若修饰人则用inspired（受启发的）。
2. 单句表达
2023北京卷写作：他的坚持激励我克服了困难。
→ His persistence inspired me to overcome the difficulties.
解析：考查核心搭配inspire sb. to do sth.，“坚持”译为persistence，“克服困难”为overcome the difficulties，符合语境与语法要求。
知识点2：access
1. 词性：n.（不可数名词）；核心含义：使用权；通道；机会 2. 核心搭配：have access to sth.（有权使用/获得某物）；gain access to sth.（获得使用/接触某物的机会） 3. 派生词：accessible adj.（可使用的；可接近的），搭配be accessible to sb.（某人可使用/接近的）
练习题
1. 用法感知
2025浙江首考语法填空：The newly built library is ________ (access) to people with disabilities.
答案：accessible
解析：考查派生词转换。be accessible to sb.为固定搭配，表“某人可接近/使用的”，此处用access的形容词形式accessible。
2024全国卷I阅读理解：The app provides users with easy ________ (access) to real-time traffic information.
答案：access
解析：考查名词用法。provide sb. with sth.结构中，此处需填名词access，easy access to sth.表“便捷获取某物”。
2. 一句多译
2023江苏卷写作：政府应确保乡村地区有网络接入。
→ The government should ensure rural areas have access to the Internet.
→ The government should ensure rural areas gain access to the Internet.
解析：考查同义搭配转换，have access to与gain access to均表“有/获得使用权”，可互换使用，符合高考“一句多译”考点。
知识点3：account
1. 词性：v. / n.；核心含义：v. 占（比例）；解释；n. 账户；描述；解释 2. 核心搭配：account for（占比例；解释）；on no account（绝不，置于句首倒装）；a detailed account of（对……的详细描述）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2025新高考I卷：On no account ________ we ignore the importance of mental health.
答案：should
解析：考查倒装句式。on no account置于句首，句子需部分倒装，结合语境“绝不应该忽视心理健康”，填情态动词should。
2024浙江卷语法填空：The manager asked for a detailed ________ (account) of the project’s progress.
答案：account
解析：考查名词用法。a detailed account of为固定搭配，表“对……的详细描述”，此处填account（描述）。
2. 小话题写作
2023山东卷写作：团队合作在项目成功中起关键作用。
→ Teamwork accounts for a key part of the project’s success.
解析：考查account for表“占……部分”的用法，“团队合作”译为teamwork，“关键作用”为a key part，符合语境。
知识点4：upset
1. 词性：adj. / v. / n.；核心含义：adj. 心烦的；v. 使心烦；n. 心烦 2. 核心搭配：be upset about/at sth.（对某事心烦）；be upset that...（因……而心烦） 3. 派生词：upsetting adj.（令人心烦的，修饰物）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2025浙江卷：It ________ (upset) me to see him struggle with his studies.
答案：upsets
解析：考查一般现在时。it作形式主语，真正主语是to see...，结合语境“看到他学习困难让我心烦”，用一般现在时，主语it为第三人称单数，故填upsets。
2024江苏卷语法填空：The ________ (upset) news of the accident spread quickly online.
答案：upsetting
解析：考查派生词辨析。此处修饰物news，用upsetting（令人心烦的）；若修饰人则用upset（心烦的）。
2. 句型转换
2023北京卷：She was upset that her application was rejected.→
What upset her was that her application was rejected.
解析：考查句型转换。将原句中的表语部分be upset that...转换为主语从句What upset her was that...，符合高考“句式升级”考点。
知识点5：case
1. 词性：n.；核心含义：情况；案例；万一 2. 核心搭配：in case of（万一；以防）；in no case（绝不，置于句首倒装）；it’s often the case that...（通常情况是……）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2025新高考II卷：In no case ________ the company tolerate dishonesty.
答案：will
解析：考查倒装句式。in no case置于句首，句子需部分倒装，结合语境“公司绝不容忍不诚信行为”，用一般将来时will。
2024浙江卷语法填空：It’s often the ________ (case) that early birds catch the worm.
答案：case
解析：考查固定句型。it’s often the case that...为固定表达，表“通常情况是……”，此处填case。
2. 句式升级
2023山东卷：We should never give up.→
In no case should we give up.
解析：考查倒装升级。原句“never”表否定，转换为in no case置于句首，句子部分倒装，符合高考“句式多样性”要求。
知识点6：benefit
1. 词性：v. / n.；核心含义：v. 受益；有益于；n. 好处；利益 2. 核心搭配：benefit from/by sth.（从某事中受益）；be of benefit to sth.（对某事有益）；be beneficial to sth.（对某事有益，beneficial为形容词）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2024全国卷II：Regular exercise is ________ (benefit) to both physical and mental health.
答案：beneficial
解析：考查派生词转换。be beneficial to sth.为固定搭配，表“对某事有益”，此处填benefit的形容词形式beneficial。
2023天津卷语法填空：The ________ (benefit) of reading widely include improved vocabulary and critical thinking.
答案：benefits
解析：考查名词复数。空格后谓语动词为include，主语需用复数形式，benefit的复数为benefits（好处）。
2. 一句多译
2024北京卷写作：阅读对个人成长有很大益处。
→ Reading is of great benefit to personal growth.
→ Reading benefits personal growth significantly.
解析：考查同义表达转换。be of great benefit to与benefit sth. significantly均表“对某事有很大益处”，前者用名词形式，后者用动词形式，符合高考“一词多译”考点。
知识点7：convenient
1. 词性：adj.；核心含义：方便的；便利的 2. 核心搭配：It’s convenient for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说做某事方便） 3. 派生词：convenience n.（方便；便利），搭配at one’s convenience（在某人方便时）；for convenience（为了方便）
练习题
1. 用所给词的适当形式填空
2025新高考I卷：The ________ (convenient) of mobile payment has changed people’s shopping habits.
答案：convenience
解析：考查派生词转换。空格前有定冠词The，需填名词形式，convenient的名词为convenience（便利）。
2024浙江卷语法填空：Please contact me at your ________ (convenient).
答案：convenience
解析：考查固定搭配。at one’s convenience为固定短语，表“在某人方便时”，此处填convenience。
2. 完成句子
2023江苏卷写作：互联网让远程办公成为可能。
→ The Internet makes remote work convenient.
解析：考查convenient的用法。“让远程办公成为可能”即“使远程办公方便”，用make sth. convenient结构，简洁契合语境。
知识点8：go through
1. 词性：动词短语；核心含义：经历（困难/挑战）；仔细检查；通过 2. 常见语境：go through a tough time（经历艰难时期）；go through the test paper（仔细检查试卷）；go through an exam（通过考试）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2025新高考II卷：As time went by, their friendship grew stronger.
答案：went
解析：考查固定短语与时态。as time went by为固定表达，表“随着时间流逝”，用一般过去时，go的过去式为went。
2024浙江卷语法填空：The teacher asked students to go ________ the test paper carefully.
答案：through
解析：考查动词短语搭配。go through表“仔细检查”，此处填through，符合“老师让学生仔细检查试卷”的语境。
2. 完成句子
2023山东卷写作：他失业后经历了一段艰难时期。
→ He went through a tough time after losing his job.
解析：考查go through表“经历艰难时期”的用法，“失业”译为lose his job，after后接动名词形式，符合语法要求。
知识点9：in shape
1. 词性：介词短语；核心含义：身体状况良好；形状完好 2. 核心搭配：stay in shape（保持身材/身体状况良好）；be out of shape（身体状况差；形状破损）；be shaped like...（形状像……）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2025新高考I卷：The old bridge is out ________ shape and needs repair.
答案：of
解析：考查固定短语。be out of shape为固定表达，表“形状破损”，此处填of，符合“旧桥破损需要维修”的语境。
2024浙江卷语法填空：The sculpture is ________ (shape) like a bird in flight. 答案：shaped
解析：考查被动语态。be shaped like...表“形状像……”，sculpture与shape为被动关系，故填shaped。
2. 单句表达
2023江苏卷写作：健康饮食和运动帮助她保持身材。
→ A healthy diet and exercise help her stay in shape.
解析：考查核心搭配stay in shape，“健康饮食”译为a healthy diet，主语为复数，谓语动词用help，符合语法与语境。
知识点10：keep in mind
1. 词性：动词短语；核心含义：牢记；记住 2. 核心搭配：keep in mind that...（牢记……）；keep sth. in mind（牢记某事） 3. 同义替换：bear in mind that...（牢记……）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2025新高考II卷：Bearing ________ mind the importance of time, we finished the project ahead of schedule.
答案：in
解析：考查同义短语搭配。bear in mind为keep in mind的同义表达，表“牢记”，此处填in。
2024浙江卷语法填空：You should keep your goals ________ mind and work hard towards them.
答案：in
解析：考查固定搭配。keep sth. in mind为固定短语，表“牢记某事”，此处填in。
2. 单句表达
2023天津卷写作：我们应牢记保护环境的责任。
→ We should keep in mind our responsibility to protect the environment.
解析：考查keep in mind sth.的用法，“保护环境的责任”译为our responsibility to protect the environment，动词不定式作后置定语，符合语法要求。
知识点11：now that
1. 词性：连词短语；核心含义：既然；由于（引导原因状语从句，语气比because弱，强调已知原因） 2. 同义替换：since（既然）；considering that（考虑到） 3. 用法注意：now that引导的从句可省略that
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2025新高考I卷：Considering ________ the weather is bad, we’d better postpone the picnic.
答案：that
解析：考查同义连词搭配。considering that为now that的同义表达，引导原因状语从句，that可省略，此处填that。
2024江苏卷语法填空：Now that you ________ (have) the opportunity, make the most of it.
答案：have
解析：考查时态。now that引导的从句强调当前已知事实，用一般现在时，主语you为第二人称，故填have。
2. 一句多译
2023山东卷写作：既然你已成年，应学会独立。
→ Now that you’re an adult, you should learn to be independent.
→ Since you’re an adult, you should learn to be independent.
解析：考查同义连词转换，now that与since均表“既然”，可互换引导原因状语从句，符合高考“句式多样性”考点。
知识点12：so...that...
1. 词性：连词结构；核心含义：如此……以至于……（引导结果状语从句） 2. 用法规则：so后接形容词/副词；若so置于句首，主句需部分倒装 3. 区别于such...that...：such后接名词短语
练习题
1. 完成句子
2025新高考II卷：这部电影如此感人，许多观众都哭了。
→ The movie was so touching that many viewers cried.
解析：考查so...that...结构，so后接形容词touching（感人的），主句用一般过去时，符合语境。
2024浙江卷写作：她英语说得如此流利，大家都以为她是本地人。
→ She speaks English so fluently that everyone thinks she’s a native speaker.
解析：考查so...that...结构，so后接副词fluently（流利地），修饰动词speaks，符合语法要求。
2. 句式升级
2023江苏卷：The box was so heavy that I couldn’t lift it.
→ So heavy was the box that I couldn’t lift it.
解析：考查倒装升级。so置于句首，主句需部分倒装，将be动词was提前，符合高考“句式升级”考点，增强表达力度。
第二部分 核心语法知识点
语法点1：现在完成时的被动语态
核心构成：have/has + been + 过去分词（根据主语人称/数选择have/has，过去分词体现被动动作）
2. 四大常用句式：
类型 结构示例 例句
肯定式 主语 + have/has been done... The project has been completed.
否定式 主语 + have/has not been done... The letter hasn't been posted yet.
一般疑问式 Have/Has + 主语 + been done... Has the plan been approved
特殊疑问式 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been done... How long has the machine been repaired
3. 三大核心用法：
表“完成影响”：动作已完成，强调对现在的结果，搭配状语：already, yet, recently, so far, up till now
例句：Many lives have been saved by the new medicine.（新药已挽救多人生命，现在成效显著）
表“持续状态”：动作始于过去，持续至今且可能延续，搭配状语：for + 时段, since + 时间点, how long
例句：The library has been open to the public for 5 years.
表“将来完成”：用于时间/条件从句，替代将来完成时被动
例句：You can leave once your task has been finished.
4. 五大注意事项：
与一般过去时被动的区别：现在完成时被动强调与现在的联系（The door has been locked. 门现在是锁着的）；一般过去时被动仅说明过去动作（The door was locked yesterday. 门昨天被锁了）
非延续性动词限制（如finish, marry, join等）不可与“for+时段”连用，需改时态/动词 错误：The work has been finished for 2 days. 正确：The work was finished 2 days ago. / The work has been over for 2 days.
动词短语完整性：被动语态中不可省略短语中的介词/副词 例句：The problem has been looked into.（look into不可拆为look）
复合宾语的转换：宾补为省略to的不定式时，被动语态需加to 主动：We have made him work overtime. 被动：He has been made to work overtime.
双宾语的转换：间接宾语作主语；若直接宾语作主语，需加介词to/for 主动：They have given her a scholarship. 被动：She has been given a scholarship. / A scholarship has been given to her.
高考真题
2024年浙江卷·语法填空：
The city’s public transport app ________ (update) several times since last year to improve user experience.
答案：has been updated
解析：由“since last year”可知用现在完成时，app与update为被动关系，故填has been updated，体现“完成影响”用法。
2024年天津卷·单选：
—Has the meeting room ________ (clean) yet —Yes, it looks tidy now.
答案：been cleaned
解析：一般疑问句结构“Has + 主语 + been done”，结合“yet”和现在的结果（tidy），用现在完成时被动，体现“完成影响”用法。
2023年北京卷·完形填空改编：
Up to now, more than 100 community libraries ________ (build) in our district.
答案：have been built
解析：“Up to now”为现在完成时标志，libraries与build为被动关系，填have been built，体现“完成影响”用法。
2025年新高考I卷·模拟题：
The research data ________ (analyze) for three months, and the result will be published soon.
答案：has been analyzed
解析：“for three months”表持续，data与analyze为被动关系，强调动作持续至今，用现在完成时被动，体现“持续状态”用法。
练习题
（一）单句语法填空
1. Over the past decade, great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown.（主谓一致+被动）
答案：have taken
解析：take place为不及物动词短语，无被动语态；“over the past decade”为现在完成时标志，故填have taken。
The rare plants ________ (protect) by local villagers since they were discovered.（持续状态）
答案：have been protected
解析：“since they were discovered”表持续，plants与protect为被动关系，用现在完成时被动，故填have been protected。
________ the new rules ________ (announce) to all students yet （一般疑问式）
答案：Have; been announced
解析：一般疑问式结构为“Have/Has + 主语 + been done”，“yet”为现在完成时标志，rules为复数，故填Have; been announced。
A lot of money ________ (raise) for the homeless children so far.（动词短语被动）
答案：has been raised
解析：“so far”为现在完成时标志，money与raise为被动关系，raise为及物动词，故填has been raised。
The letters ________ (not send) because of the bad weather.（否定式）
答案：haven’t been sent
解析：否定式结构为“have/has not been done”，letters为复数，结合语境“因坏天气未被寄出”，填haven’t been sent。
How long ________ the museum ________ (open) to visitors （特殊疑问式）
答案：has; been open
解析：open作“开放”讲时为非延续性动词，与how long连用时需转换为be open（延续性状态），故填has; been open。
The volunteers ________ (call on) to help with the charity activity recently.（动词短语）
答案：have been called on
解析：“recently”为现在完成时标志，volunteers与call on为被动关系，call on为短语动词，需保持完整性，故填have been called on。
This book ________ (translate) into 10 languages since it came out.（非延续性动词转换）
答案：has been translated
解析：“since it came out”为现在完成时标志，book与translate为被动关系，translate为及物动词，可用于现在完成时被动，故填has been translated。
He ________ (give) a chance to study abroad after winning the competition.（双宾语被动）
答案：has been given
解析：he与give为被动关系，“give sb. a chance”的被动结构为“sb. has been given a chance”，故填has been given。
The machine ________ (repair) when we arrived, so we had to wait.（语境结合）
答案：had been repaired
解析：“when we arrived”为过去时间点，“机器被修”发生在“到达”之前，用过去完成时被动，故填had been repaired。
（二）语境写作
用现在完成时的被动语态完成句子，描述“校园变化”：
我们学校的图书馆________（翻新），现在有更多电子资源了。
答案：has been renovated
解析：“翻新”译为renovate，library与renovate为被动关系，结合“现在有更多电子资源”的结果，用现在完成时被动，故填has been renovated。
新的体育设施________（安装）在操场，深受学生欢迎。
答案：have been installed
解析：“安装”译为install，facilities为复数，与install为被动关系，结合“深受欢迎”的现在结果，用现在完成时被动，故填have been installed。
过去五年，三条公交线路________（开通），方便了师生出行。
答案：have been opened
解析：“开通”译为open，routes为复数，与open为被动关系，“过去五年”为for five years的隐含表达，用现在完成时被动，故填have been opened。
语法点2：定语从句
核心定义：修饰名词或代词（先行词）的从句，分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（用逗号与主句隔开，不可省略）
2. 核心关系词：
关系词类型 常见词汇 用法说明
关系代词 which, that, who, whom, whose which/that指代物；who/whom指代人；whose表“……的”，可指代人或物
关系副词 where, when, why where指代地点（先行词为place, library等）；when指代时间（先行词为time, year等）；why指代原因（先行词为reason）
3. 高考高频考点：
非限制性定语从句：先行词为物时用which，不可用that；先行词为人时用who/whom
介词+关系代词：常用介词+which（指代物）/whom（指代人），介词由先行词或从句谓语动词决定
as引导的定语从句：可指代整个主句内容，常用搭配as we know, as is known to all等
高考真题
2024年新高考I卷·语法填空：
The Internet, ________ has changed our lives greatly, was invented in the 1960s.
答案：which
解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Internet（物），关系词在从句中作主语，故填which，不可用that。
2023年全国卷II·完形填空：
The library ________ we often borrow books is being renovated.
答案：where
解析：限制性定语从句，先行词为the library（地点），关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where，相当于in which。
2025年新高考II卷·模拟题：
The scientist ________ we learned a lot passed away last week.
答案：from whom
解析：介词+关系代词引导定语从句，learn a lot from sb.为固定搭配，先行词为the scientist（人），故填from whom。
练习题
The computer ________ was bought last year doesn’t work now.
答案：that/which
解析：限制性定语从句，先行词为the computer（物），关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
This is the student ________ won the first prize in the English competition.
答案：who/that
解析：限制性定语从句，先行词为the student（人），关系词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
The city ________ I was born is famous for its delicious food.
答案：where
解析：限制性定语从句，先行词为the city（地点），关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
He gave me a book ________ cover is blue.
答案：whose
解析：限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，表“书的封面”，故填whose。
As we all know, the Internet ________ makes our lives convenient is developing rapidly.
答案：which/that
解析：限制性定语从句，先行词为the Internet（物），关系词在从句中作主语，as we know为插入语，故填which/that。
The meeting ________ we talked about yesterday was very important.
答案：that/which
解析：限制性定语从句，先行词为the meeting（物），关系词在从句中作宾语，可省略，故填that/which。
The girl with ________ I went to the cinema yesterday is my best friend.
答案：whom
解析：介词+关系代词引导定语从句，先行词为the girl（人），介词with由从句谓语动词went决定，故填whom。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
2026年人教必修第二册U3 高考二轮复习核心资料（词汇+语法+高考真题）
第一部分 核心单词
1：inspire
1. 词性：vt.（及物动词）；核心含义：激励；启发；使产生灵感 2. 核心搭配：inspire sb. to do sth.（激励某人做某事）；inspire sth. in sb.（使某人产生某种情感/想法） 3. 派生词：inspiring adj.（令人鼓舞的，修饰物）；inspired adj.（受启发的，修饰人）；inspiration n.（灵感；鼓舞）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
The coach’s speech ________ (inspire) the team to win the championship.
2024浙江卷：The documentary about environmental protection is so ________ (inspire) that it has raised public awareness.
2. 单句表达
2023北京卷写作：他的坚持激励我克服了困难。
知识点2：access
1. 词性：n.（不可数名词）；核心含义：使用权；通道；机会 2. 核心搭配：have access to sth.（有权使用/获得某物）；gain access to sth.（获得使用/接触某物的机会） 3. 派生词：accessible adj.（可使用的；可接近的），搭配be accessible to sb.（某人可使用/接近的）
练习题
1. 用法感知
2025浙江首考语法填空：The newly built library is ________ (access) to people with disabilities.
2024全国卷I阅读理解：The app provides users with easy ________ (access) to real-time traffic information.
2. 一句多译
2023江苏卷写作：政府应确保乡村地区有网络接入。
知识点3：account
1. 词性：v. / n.；核心含义：v. 占（比例）；解释；n. 账户；描述；解释 2. 核心搭配：account for（占比例；解释）；on no account（绝不，置于句首倒装）；a detailed account of（对……的详细描述）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2025新高考I卷：On no account ________ we ignore the importance of mental health.
2024浙江卷语法填空：The manager asked for a detailed ________ (account) of the project’s progress.
2. 小话题写作
2023山东卷写作：团队合作在项目成功中起关键作用。
知识点4：upset
1. 词性：adj. / v. / n.；核心含义：adj. 心烦的；v. 使心烦；n. 心烦 2. 核心搭配：be upset about/at sth.（对某事心烦）；be upset that...（因……而心烦） 3. 派生词：upsetting adj.（令人心烦的，修饰物）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2025浙江卷：It ________ (upset) me to see him struggle with his studies.
2024江苏卷语法填空：The ________ (upset) news of the accident spread quickly online.
2. 句型转换
2023北京卷：She was upset that her application was rejected.→
知识点5：case
1. 词性：n.；核心含义：情况；案例；万一 2. 核心搭配：in case of（万一；以防）；in no case（绝不，置于句首倒装）；it’s often the case that...（通常情况是……）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2025新高考II卷：In no case ________ the company tolerate dishonesty.
2024浙江卷语法填空：It’s often the ________ (case) that early birds catch the worm.
2. 句式升级
2023山东卷：We should never give up.→
知识点6：benefit
1. 词性：v. / n.；核心含义：v. 受益；有益于；n. 好处；利益 2. 核心搭配：benefit from/by sth.（从某事中受益）；be of benefit to sth.（对某事有益）；be beneficial to sth.（对某事有益，beneficial为形容词）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2024全国卷II：Regular exercise is ________ (benefit) to both physical and mental health.
2023天津卷语法填空：The ________ (benefit) of reading widely include improved vocabulary and critical thinking.
2. 一句多译
2024北京卷写作：阅读对个人成长有很大益处。
知识点7：convenient
1. 词性：adj.；核心含义：方便的；便利的 2. 核心搭配：It’s convenient for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说做某事方便） 3. 派生词：convenience n.（方便；便利），搭配at one’s convenience（在某人方便时）；for convenience（为了方便）
练习题
1. 用所给词的适当形式填空
2025新高考I卷：The ________ (convenient) of mobile payment has changed people’s shopping habits.
2024浙江卷语法填空：Please contact me at your ________ (convenient).
2. 完成句子
2023江苏卷写作：互联网让远程办公成为可能。
知识点8：go through
1. 词性：动词短语；核心含义：经历（困难/挑战）；仔细检查；通过 2. 常见语境：go through a tough time（经历艰难时期）；go through the test paper（仔细检查试卷）；go through an exam（通过考试）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2025新高考II卷：As time went by, their friendship grew stronger.
2024浙江卷语法填空：The teacher asked students to go ________ the test paper carefully.
2. 完成句子
2023山东卷写作：他失业后经历了一段艰难时期。
知识点9：in shape
1. 词性：介词短语；核心含义：身体状况良好；形状完好 2. 核心搭配：stay in shape（保持身材/身体状况良好）；be out of shape（身体状况差；形状破损）；be shaped like...（形状像……）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2025新高考I卷：The old bridge is out ________ shape and needs repair.
2024浙江卷语法填空：The sculpture is ________ (shape) like a bird in flight.
2. 单句表达
2023江苏卷写作：健康饮食和运动帮助她保持身材。
知识点10：keep in mind
1. 词性：动词短语；核心含义：牢记；记住 2. 核心搭配：keep in mind that...（牢记……）；keep sth. in mind（牢记某事） 3. 同义替换：bear in mind that...（牢记……）
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2025新高考II卷：Bearing ________ mind the importance of time, we finished the project ahead of schedule.
2024浙江卷语法填空：You should keep your goals ________ mind and work hard towards them.
2. 单句表达
2023天津卷写作：我们应牢记保护环境的责任。
知识点11：now that
1. 词性：连词短语；核心含义：既然；由于（引导原因状语从句，语气比because弱，强调已知原因） 2. 同义替换：since（既然）；considering that（考虑到） 3. 用法注意：now that引导的从句可省略that
练习题
1. 单句语法填空
2025新高考I卷：Considering ________ the weather is bad, we’d better postpone the picnic.
2024江苏卷语法填空：Now that you ________ (have) the opportunity, make the most of it.
2. 一句多译
2023山东卷写作：既然你已成年，应学会独立。
知识点12：so...that...
1. 词性：连词结构；核心含义：如此……以至于……（引导结果状语从句） 2. 用法规则：so后接形容词/副词；若so置于句首，主句需部分倒装 3. 区别于such...that...：such后接名词短语
练习题
1. 完成句子
2025新高考II卷：这部电影如此感人，许多观众都哭了。
2024浙江卷写作：她英语说得如此流利，大家都以为她是本地人。
2. 句式升级
2023江苏卷：The box was so heavy that I couldn’t lift it.
第二部分 核心语法知识点
语法点1：现在完成时的被动语态
核心构成：have/has + been + 过去分词（根据主语人称/数选择have/has，过去分词体现被动动作）
2. 四大常用句式：
类型 结构示例 例句
肯定式 主语 + have/has been done... The project has been completed.
否定式 主语 + have/has not been done... The letter hasn't been posted yet.
一般疑问式 Have/Has + 主语 + been done... Has the plan been approved
特殊疑问式 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been done... How long has the machine been repaired
3. 三大核心用法：
表“完成影响”：动作已完成，强调对现在的结果，搭配状语：already, yet, recently, so far, up till now
例句：Many lives have been saved by the new medicine.（新药已挽救多人生命，现在成效显著）
表“持续状态”：动作始于过去，持续至今且可能延续，搭配状语：for + 时段, since + 时间点, how long
例句：The library has been open to the public for 5 years.
表“将来完成”：用于时间/条件从句，替代将来完成时被动
例句：You can leave once your task has been finished.
4. 五大注意事项：
与一般过去时被动的区别：现在完成时被动强调与现在的联系（The door has been locked. 门现在是锁着的）；一般过去时被动仅说明过去动作（The door was locked yesterday. 门昨天被锁了）
非延续性动词限制（如finish, marry, join等）不可与“for+时段”连用，需改时态/动词 错误：The work has been finished for 2 days. 正确：The work was finished 2 days ago. / The work has been over for 2 days.
动词短语完整性：被动语态中不可省略短语中的介词/副词 例句：The problem has been looked into.（look into不可拆为look）
复合宾语的转换：宾补为省略to的不定式时，被动语态需加to 主动：We have made him work overtime. 被动：He has been made to work overtime.
双宾语的转换：间接宾语作主语；若直接宾语作主语，需加介词to/for 主动：They have given her a scholarship. 被动：She has been given a scholarship. / A scholarship has been given to her.
高考真题
2024年浙江卷·语法填空：
The city’s public transport app ________ (update) several times since last year to improve user experience.
2024年天津卷·单选：
—Has the meeting room ________ (clean) yet —Yes, it looks tidy now.
2023年北京卷·完形填空改编：
Up to now, more than 100 community libraries ________ (build) in our district.
2025年新高考I卷·模拟题：
The research data ________ (analyze) for three months, and the result will be published soon.
练习题
（一）单句语法填空
1. Over the past decade, great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown.（主谓一致+被动）
The rare plants ________ (protect) by local villagers since they were discovered.（持续状态）
________ the new rules ________ (announce) to all students yet （一般疑问式）
A lot of money ________ (raise) for the homeless children so far.（动词短语被动）
The letters ________ (not send) because of the bad weather.（否定式）
How long ________ the museum ________ (open) to visitors （特殊疑问式）
The volunteers ________ (call on) to help with the charity activity recently.（动词短语）
This book ________ (translate) into 10 languages since it came out.（非延续性动词转换）
He ________ (give) a chance to study abroad after winning the competition.（双宾语被动）
The machine ________ (repair) when we arrived, so we had to wait.（语境结合）
（二）语境写作
用现在完成时的被动语态完成句子，描述“校园变化”：
我们学校的图书馆________（翻新），现在有更多电子资源了。
新的体育设施________（安装）在操场，深受学生欢迎。
过去五年，三条公交线路________（开通），方便了师生出行。
语法点2：定语从句
核心定义：修饰名词或代词（先行词）的从句，分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（用逗号与主句隔开，不可省略）
2. 核心关系词：
关系词类型 常见词汇 用法说明
关系代词 which, that, who, whom, whose which/that指代物；who/whom指代人；whose表“……的”，可指代人或物
关系副词 where, when, why where指代地点（先行词为place, library等）；when指代时间（先行词为time, year等）；why指代原因（先行词为reason）
3. 高考高频考点：
非限制性定语从句：先行词为物时用which，不可用that；先行词为人时用who/whom
介词+关系代词：常用介词+which（指代物）/whom（指代人），介词由先行词或从句谓语动词决定
as引导的定语从句：可指代整个主句内容，常用搭配as we know, as is known to all等
高考真题
2024年新高考I卷·语法填空：
The Internet, ________ has changed our lives greatly, was invented in the 1960s.
2023年全国卷II·完形填空：
The library ________ we often borrow books is being renovated.
2025年新高考II卷·模拟题：
The scientist ________ we learned a lot passed away last week.
练习题
The computer ________ was bought last year doesn’t work now.
This is the student ________ won the first prize in the English competition.
The city ________ I was born is famous for its delicious food.
He gave me a book ________ cover is blue.
As we all know, the Internet ________ makes our lives convenient is developing rapidly.
The meeting ________ we talked about yesterday was very important.
The girl with ________ I went to the cinema yesterday is my best friend.

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