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初中英语语法中考专项复习——句子种类
句子种类中考核心考点总览
考点1：按用途分类（陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句） 考点2：按结构分类（简单句、并列句、复合句） 考点3：陈述句的肯定与否定形式 考点4：疑问句的四种类型（一般、特殊、选择、反意） 考点5：祈使句的结构与用法 考点6：感叹句的两种结构（what/how引导） 考点7：简单句的五种基本句型 考点8：并列句与复合句的区别与连接
二、句子种类考点系统讲解
考点1：按用途分类的四种句子 四类句子对比表： 句子种类功能语调句末标点示例陈述句陈述事实或看法降调句号He is a student.疑问句提出问题升调或降调问号Do you like apples 祈使句发出请求或命令降调句号/叹号Open the door, please.感叹句表达强烈感情降调叹号What a beautiful flower!
句子种类识别口诀： 陈述事实用句号，疑问提问题问号。 祈使请求或命令，感叹情感叹号表。 四种句子用途分，语调标点各不同。
中考真题再现： ______ fine day it is today!（2023北京） A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 答案：B 解析：感叹句，day可数用What a。
考点2：陈述句（Declarative Sentences） 陈述句的定义： 用来说明事实或表达看法的句子。 陈述句的两种形式： 1. 肯定式：陈述肯定的事实 I am a student. He works in a hospital. 2. 否定式：陈述否定的事实 be动词否定：be + not I am not a teacher. 实义动词否定：do/does/did + not + 动词原形 He doesn't like coffee. 情态动词否定：情态动词 + not You mustn't smoke here. 否定句的两种形式： 1. 完全否定：用no, not, never, nobody, nothing等 I have no money. = I don't have any money. 2. 部分否定：not与all, both, every等连用 Not all students like sports.（并非所有学生） 陈述句语序： 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分（正常语序） 陈述句考点总结： 注意主谓一致 注意时态正确 否定形式要完整
中考真题再现： He ______ to school yesterday because he was ill.（2022上海） A. doesn't go B. didn't go C. hasn't gone D. hadn't gone 答案：B 解析：yesterday用一般过去时否定式。
考点3：疑问句（Interrogative Sentences） 疑问句的四种类型： 类型功能结构特点回答方式示例一般疑问句询问是否助动词/情态动词/be动词提前Yes/NoAre you a student 特殊疑问句询问具体信息疑问词+一般疑问句语序具体信息What is your name 选择疑问句提供选项or连接选项选择一项Do you like tea or coffee 反意疑问句证实猜测陈述句+简短问句根据事实It's cold, isn't it
1. 一般疑问句构成： be动词提前：Are you happy 助动词提前：Do you like apples 情态动词提前：Can you swim 回答方式： 肯定：Yes, 主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词 否定：No, 主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词+not 2. 特殊疑问句： 疑问词：what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how 结构：疑问词+一般疑问句语序（疑问词作主语时用陈述语序） What do you want （疑问词作宾语） Who is speaking （疑问词作主语，陈述语序） 3. 选择疑问句： 结构：一般疑问句+or+选项 回答：不能用Yes/No，要选择一项 A: Do you want tea or coffee B: Tea, please. 4. 反意疑问句： 结构：陈述句，+ 简短问句？ 原则：前肯后否，前否后肯 He is a teacher, isn't he He isn't a teacher, is he 特殊形式： Let's go, shall we Let us go, will you I'm late, aren't I
中考真题再现： ______ do you go to the library — Twice a week.（2021广州） A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far 答案：A 解析：回答频率用How often。
考点4：祈使句（Imperative Sentences） 祈使句的定义： 表示请求、命令、劝告、警告等的句子。 祈使句的特点： 1. 主语you通常省略 2. 动词用原形 3. 句末用句号或感叹号 祈使句的四种形式： 祈使句的四种形式： 形式结构示例功能肯定式动词原形+其他Open the window.命令、请求否定式Don't+动词原形+其他Don't be late.禁止、劝告强调式Do+动词原形+其他Do be careful!强调Let式Let+宾语+动词原形Let me try.建议、请求
祈使句的常见结构： 1. 简单祈使句：动词原形开头 Stand up. Be quiet. 2. 带主语的祈使句（强调或区别） You clean the blackboard.（强调） Somebody open the door.（不确定对象） 3. 祈使句+and/or+简单句： Work hard, and you will succeed.（如果...就...） Hurry up, or you'll be late.（否则...） 祈使句的回答： 肯定：Yes, I will. / OK. / All right. 否定：No, I won't.
中考真题再现： ______ talk in class.（2022深圳） A. Not B. Don't C. Can't D. Mustn't 答案：B 解析：祈使句否定式用Don't开头。
考点5：感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences） 感叹句的定义： 表达强烈感情的句子。 感叹句的两种结构： 1. What引导的感叹句： 结构：What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 可数名词单数：What a beautiful flower (it is)! 可数名词复数：What beautiful flowers (they are)! 不可数名词：What bad weather (it is)! 2. How引导的感叹句： 结构：How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 形容词：How tall the boy is! 副词：How fast he runs! 句子：How time flies! What与How的选择： What修饰名词：看名词 可数单数：What a/an... 可数复数：What... 不可数：What... How修饰形容词/副词：看形容词/副词 感叹句的省略：主语和谓语常可省略 What a pity (it is)! How wonderful (it is)! 感叹句转换： What a tall boy he is! = How tall the boy is! How beautiful the flowers are! = What beautiful flowers they are!
中考真题再现： ______ interesting book it is!（2023成都） A. What B. What an C. How D. How an 答案：B 解析：book可数单数，interesting元音开头用What an。
考点6：简单句的五种基本句型 五种基本句型结构： 句型编号结构成分说明示例句型1S + V主语+不及物动词The sun rises.句型2S + V + P主语+系动词+表语She is a teacher.句型3S + V + O主语+及物动词+宾语I love music.句型4S + V + IO + DO主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语He gave me a book.句型5S + V + O + OC主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语We call him Tom.
详细解析： 1. S + V（主谓结构）： 不及物动词，无需宾语 可有状语：He works hard. 2. S + V + P（主系表结构）： 系动词连接主语和表语 表语说明主语状态 系动词：be, become, seem, look, feel等 3. S + V + O（主谓宾结构）： 及物动词+宾语 宾语是动作承受者 可变为被动语态 4. S + V + IO + DO（主谓双宾结构）： 可变为：S + V + DO + to/for + IO He gave a book to me. Mother bought a gift for me. 常见动词：give, show, send, bring, buy, tell等 5. S + V + O + OC（主谓宾补结构）： 宾语补足语补充说明宾语 常见动词：call, name, make, find, keep等 宾补形式：名词、形容词、不定式、分词等 基本句型口诀： 简单句子五句型，主谓主系表分清。 主谓宾，主谓双宾，主谓宾补要记明。 不及物动无宾语，及物动词宾语跟。 双宾间人在前物，宾补补充宾语义。
中考真题再现： The teacher asked ______.（2021武汉） A. us to read the text B. we to read the text C. us read the text D. we read the text 答案：A 解析：ask sb to do sth，宾格us作宾语，不定式作宾补。
考点7：并列句（Compound Sentences） 并列句的定义：由并列连词连接的两个或更多简单句。 常见并列连词： 连词功能示例and并列、递进He is tall and strong.but转折He is poor but happy.or选择、否则Hurry up, or you'll be late.so结果It rained, so we stayed at home.for原因He must be ill, for he looks pale.yet然而He worked hard, yet he failed.
并列句的特点： 1. 各分句语法地位平等 2. 用并列连词连接 3. 通常用逗号隔开（短句可不用） 并列连词记忆口诀： 并列连词有六位，and but or so for yet。 and表并列but转，or选择so结果。 for原因yet然而，连接分句要逗号。
中考真题再现： Work hard, ______ you will succeed.（2022南京） A. and B. but C. or D. so 答案：A 解析："祈使句+and+简单句"表条件结果。
考点8：复合句（Complex Sentences） 复合句的定义： 包含一个主句和一个或多个从句的句子。 从句的三种类型： 从句类型功能引导词示例名词性从句作主、宾、表、同位语that, if/whether, wh-词I know that he is right.定语从句修饰名词或代词that, which, who, whom, whoseThe book that I bought is interesting.状语从句作状语when, if, because, although等When he comes, I'll tell him.
复合句特点： 1. 有主从关系 2. 从句不能独立存在 3. 引导词+陈述语序 复合句与并列句区别： 对比点并列句复合句句子关系平等主从连接词并列连词从属连词分句独立性可独立从句不能独立
复合句口诀： 复合句子主从句，主从关系要分清。 名词定语状语分，引导词加陈述序。 从句不能独立存，主句完整意思明。
中考真题再现： I don't know ______ he will come or not.（2023重庆） A. if B. whether C. that D. what 答案：B 解析：whether...or not固定搭配。
三、句子种类易错点速查表
易错点错误示例正确形式记忆技巧感叹句语序How beautiful is the flower!How beautiful the flower is!感叹句用陈述语序祈使句否定Not be late.Don't be late.祈使句否定用Don't开头反意疑问句He is a student, is he He is a student, isn't he 前肯后否，前否后肯选择疑问句回答A: Tea or coffee B: Yes, tea.A: Tea or coffee B: Tea.不能用Yes/No回答what/how混用How a big cake!What a big cake!what修饰名词，how修饰形容词并列句逗号He is tired he wants to rest.He is tired, so he wants to rest.两个简单句需连词连接复合句语序I know where does he live.I know where he lives.从句用陈述语序
四、专项练习题
一、单项选择题 第一部分：句子种类识别 1. "Close the door, please." 这句话属于： A. 陈述句 B. 疑问句 C. 祈使句 D. 感叹句 2. "What a beautiful day!" 这句话的功能是： A. 陈述事实 B. 提出问题 C. 发出命令 D. 表达感情 3. "Do you like English or Chinese " 这个句子的类型是： A. 一般疑问句 B. 特殊疑问句 C. 选择疑问句 D. 反意疑问句 4. "He didn't come to school yesterday, did he " 这句话是： A. 选择疑问句 B. 反意疑问句 C. 特殊疑问句 D. 一般疑问句 第二部分：感叹句专项 5. ______ interesting story it is! A. What B. What an C. How D. How an 6. ______ fast he runs! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 7. ______ bad weather we have today! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 8. ______ tall trees they are! A. What B. What a C. How D. How an 第三部分：祈使句专项 9. ______ late for school again! A. Don't B. Not be C. Don't be D. Not 10. Let's go to the park, ______ A. will you B. shall we C. don't we D. won't you 11. ______ talk loudly in the library. A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't D. Didn't 12. Please ______ me your homework tomorrow. A. to bring B. bringing C. bring D. brings 第四部分：疑问句专项 13. — ______ do you go to the cinema — Once a week. A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far 14. — ______ will you finish the work — In two days. A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far 15. He has never been to Beijing, ______ A. has he B. hasn't he C. does he D. doesn't he 16. Let us go home now, ______ A. shall we B. will you C. won't you D. don't we 第五部分：句型转换与识别 17. "She is a very kind teacher." 改为感叹句： A. How kind teacher she is! B. What a kind teacher she is! C. How a kind teacher she is! D. What kind teacher she is! 18. "Don't make noise in class." 这句话的肯定形式是： A. Make noise in class. B. Making noise in class. C. To make noise in class. D. Makes noise in class. 19. "How clever the boy is!" 的同义句是： A. What clever boy he is! B. What a clever boy he is! C. How a clever boy he is! D. What clever a boy he is! 20. 下列哪个是简单句？ A. I know that he is right. B. He is tall and strong. C. When he comes, I'll tell him. D. The book that I bought is interesting. 第六部分：综合应用 21. — Would you like tea or coffee — ______. I'd like some water. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All 22. Work hard, ______ you will pass the exam. A. and B. but C. or D. so 23. He can hardly speak English, ______ A. can he B. can't he C. does he D. doesn't he 24. ______ important news it is! A. What B. What an C. How D. How an 25. ______ lovely the children are! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 二、句子改错题 找出每句中的一处错误并改正： 26. What a honest boy he is! → ______ 27. How beautiful flowers they are! → ______ 28. Don't to be late for the meeting. → ______ 29. She seldom goes to the cinema, doesn't she → ______ 30. How an interesting book it is! → ______ 31. Not talk with your mouth full. → ______ 32. What fine weather it is today, isn't it → ______ 33. Let's don't waste time. → ______ 34. How a tall building! → ______ 35. What delicious the food is! → ______
参考答案与解析 一、单项选择题 1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. B 21. B 22. A 23. A 24. A 25. C 二、句子改错题 26. a honest → an honest（honest发音以元音开头） 27. How beautiful → What beautiful（修饰名词flowers用what） 28. to be → be（祈使句否定式：Don't + 动词原形） 29. doesn't she → does she（seldom表否定，前否后肯） 30. How an → What an（感叹句what修饰名词） 31. Not talk → Don't talk（祈使句否定式） 32. 正确（反意疑问句，前肯后否） 33. don't waste → not waste（Let's否定式：Let's not do） 34. How a → What a（感叹句what修饰名词） 35. What delicious → How delicious（修饰形容词用how）

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