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话题二　世界与环境
命题角度
1.现存的环境问题及应对措施；
2.介绍绿色生活；
3.怎样保护濒危动植物。
素材积累
一．素材积累
话题词汇
【动物与植物】
1. 生命life　　　　　　　 2. 动物animal　　　　　　　
3. 植物plant 4. 宠物pet　
5. 熊猫panda　 6. 老虎tiger
7. 狮子lion　 8. 大象elephant　
9. 狐狸fox 10. 熊bear　
11. 猴子monkey　 12. 蛇snake
13. 老鼠mouse(mice)　 14. 鸟bird　　
15. 绵羊sheep 16. 马horse　
17. 兔子rabbit　　 18. 狼wolf(wolves)
19. 青蛙frog　　 20. 草grass　　
21. 花flower 22. 树叶leaf(leaves)　　
23. 树林wood(s)
【季节与宇宙】
1. 季节season　 2. 春季spring　　
3. 夏季summer 4. 秋季autumn/fall　
5. 冬季winter　 6. 天空sky
7. 空气；大气air　 8. 太阳sun　
9. 月亮moon 10. 星星star　
11. 地球earth　 12. 行星planet
13. 太空 space　 14. 宇宙 universe　
15. 宇航员 astronaut
【山川与河流】
1. 自然nature 　 2. 自然的natural　
3. 森林forest 4. 高山mountain　
5. 岛island　 6. 岩石rock
7. 地面ground　 8. 陆地；土地land　
9. 河；江river 10. 湖lake　
11. 石头stone　 12. 沙sand
13. 海洋ocean　 14. 沙滩beach　
15. 冰ice 16. 地域area
【国家与民族】
1. 世界world　 2. 国家country　
3. 法国France 4. 德国Germany　
5. 俄罗斯Russia　 6. 美国America
7. 英国England　 8. 加拿大Canada　
9. 中国China 10. 澳大利亚Australia　
11. 日本Japan　 12. 首都capital
13. 非洲Africa　 14. 亚洲Asia　
15. 欧洲Europe 16. 欧洲的；欧洲人的European
17. 印度India　　 18. 印度人Indian
19. 外国的foreign　　 20. 外国人foreigner　　
21. 民族nation 22. 民族的national 　　
23. 国际的international
【人口与环境保护】
1. 人口 population　 2. 环境environment　
3. 保护protect/protection 4. 法律law　
5. 污染pollute/pollution　 6. 涌出；倒pour
7. 制订 make　 8. 废物；浪费waste　
9. 垃圾rubbish/litter 10. 干净的clean　
11. 脏的dirty　 12. 整洁的tidy
13. 扔 throw　 14. 噪音noise　
15. 有害的harmful 16. 重复使用reuse　
17. 回收利用recycle　　 18. 节省；拯救save
19. 能量；能源energy
常用短语
1.air pollution空气污染 2.plastic waste塑料垃圾
3.a good/pleasant environment 良好的环境 4.air quality standard空气质量标准
5.climate change气候变化 6.carbon dioxide(CO2)二氧化碳
7.environmental quality环境质量 8.global warming 全球变暖
9. water pollution control 水污染控制 10.greenhouse effect温室效应
11.an increase in natural disasters 自然灾害增加 12.do harm to...损害......
13.destroy forests 破坏森林 14.die out 灭绝
15.raise people's awareness of environmental protection增强人们的环保意识
16.harmony between nature and humanity自然与人类之间的和谐
常用句型
开头句
角度1：环境问题
1.Some environmental problems are still annoying us, although we have made great progress in improving the environment.
尽管我们在改善环境方面取得了很大进展，但一些环境问题仍然困扰着我们。
2.As far as I know, we are short of water in China.据我所知，中国缺水。
3.With the rapid development of the society, environment is faced with new challenges.随着社会的快速发展，环境面临着新的挑战。
4.Many trees have been cut down and wild animals are losing their homes.许多树木被砍伐，野生动物失去家园。
5.It is reported that air pollution is becoming worse and worse/more and more serious. 据报道，空气污染越来越严重。
6.As we all know, environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world。众所周知，全世界的环境问题正变得越来越严重。
7. The earth is facing water pollution, air pollution and soil pollution, which causes diseases and death。地球正面临着水污染，空气污染和土壤污染，这些问题导致了疾病和死亡。
角度2：环保重要性
1. As we all know, the environment is important to us. So it's our duty to protect it.众所周知，环境对我们很重要。所以保护它是我们的责任。
2.A green city is the key to a healthy life.绿色城市是健康生活的关键。
中间句(环保措施)
1. We can either ride our own bikes or choose shared bikes。我们可以骑自己的自行车，也可以选择共享单车。
2. For example, the water left over after washing vegetables can be used to water plants or to clean the floor. 例如，洗蔬菜后剩下的水可以用来浇灌植物或清洁地板。
3. When you go shopping, remember to bring your own bag. It can reduce plastic pollution.当你去购物时，记得带上自己的包。它可以减少塑料污染。
4. We'd better choose public transport when we need to go out。当我们需要外出时，我们最好选择公共交通工具。
5. We are supposed to sort the rubbish before throwing it away. 我们应该先把垃圾分类再扔掉。
6.I use both sides of the paper to write and draw so that more trees can avoid being cut down.我使用纸张的两面来书写和绘画，这样更多树木就能避免被砍伐。
7.We can do a lot of things in order to live a low carbon life.为了过低碳生活，我们可以做很多事情。
8.We should plant as many trees as possible to protect our environment.我们应该种尽可能多的树来保护我们的环境。
结尾句(呼吁和愿望)
1. Let's act together to make the earth a more beautiful place。让我们共同行动，让地球变成一个更加美丽的地方。
2. Follow these small steps, and you will make a big difference to the earth。遵循这些小步骤，那么你会对地球产生很大的影响。
3.I believe the sky will be bluer, the mountains will be greener and the rivers will be cleaner.我相信天会更蓝，山会更绿，水会更清。
4. I believe that if we can do all of these things, our environment will be better.我相信，如果我们能够做到所有这些事情，我们的环境将会变得更好。
5.It is very necessary and important to take care of our environment.爱护我们的环境是非常必要和重要的。
6.It's useful to begin with small things to save the world.We can't hope for rapid change, but every little bit helps.从小事开始拯救世界是有用的。我们不能指望快速的变化，但每一点都有帮助。
7. As we all know, the amount of fresh water which is suitable to drink is less and less. 众所周知, 适合饮用的淡水的数量越来越少了。
8. We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthily in the future. 为了将来能够过上更加美好以及健康的生活, 我们应该多种树木。
9. We should do as much as we can to prevent people from putting waste water into rivers. 我们应该尽我们最大的努力去阻止人们往河里排放废水。
10. As an old saying goes, “Actions speak louder than words”. 正如俗话所说: “行动胜于雄辩。”
11. Don’t let our tears be the last drop of water in the world. 不要让我们的眼泪成为世界上最后一滴水。
12. I believe even the simplest action can make a big difference on the environment. 我相信即使是最简单的行动也能对环境产生重要的影响。
13. Let’s work together to make the world a better place to live in! 让我们共同努力, 让世界变成一个更好的居住地!
14. In addition, I suggest using handkerchiefs instead of tissues so that we can prevent more trees from being cut down. 另外, 我建议使用手帕来代替纸巾, 这样我们就能防止更多的树木被砍伐。
15. It is some people’s great responsibility that makes our future become better and better. 正是一些人的责任感让我们的未来变得越来越好。
16. What we should do is to start out small. 我们应该做的就是从小事做起。
17.We should call on everyone to protect the environment from now on.我们应该号召每个人从现在开始保护环境。
18.We all need a healthy environment. Let's repeat these three words daily: reduce，reuse and recycle.我们都需要一个健康的环境。让我们每天重复这三个词：减少，再利用和回收。
19.Our action can make a difference and lead to a better future.我们的行动可以带来改变，带来更美好的未来。
二．典例剖析
寿光一直致力于生态环境保护建设，你想不想也为自己的家乡寿光建言献策呢？请你根据下面表格提示，写一篇以“How to Protect Our Environment”为题的英语短文，不少于90词。
人类的不明智之举 1.乱伐树林 2．乱扔垃圾 3．不加处理排放废物
导致的问题 1.土地沙化 2．河水变脏 3．空气质量差 4．全球气温升高
建议 至少两条合理化建议
【审题指导】
1.审主题/审文体：这篇书面表达要求介绍如何保护环境，属于建议做法类文章。
2.审要点：表格中给出了作文的要点：一是目前人们不明智的做法；二是导致的问题；三是提出建议，这一部分可以根据自己的观点来适当发挥。
3.审人称、时态：在描述做法、问题及提出建议时，应使用一般现在时态。注意在提出建议时，从“我们”的角度出发，主要使用第一人称。
【写作导图】
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【范文】
How to Protect Our Environment
As time goes by, man is making the earth sick. There are more and more environmental problems in our daily life.
People cut down too many trees and throw rubbish here and there. Many factories pour waste water into rivers and lakes without doing anything. As a result, a lot of rich land has changed into desert. Many rivers and lakes are dirty now. The air quality is becoming worse and worse. The temperature on the earth becomes higher and higher. Many people are in bad health. I think everyone is supposed to reduce the waste. Recycling can not only protect the environment but also save money. What's more, we'd better not buy bottles or boxes which people can use only once.
Small actions make a big difference! Let’s protect our environment together! Our world will become more and more beautiful.
【习作练习】
近年来，全球自然灾害频发，极端天气频频出现，2020年新冠肺炎几乎在全球爆发，环境恶化给全球带来的危害正日益凸显。尽管我国政府出台了一系列环境保护方面的政策，采取了很多措施，成效也很显著，但是，我们还需要付出更多的努力。地球是人类共同的家园，时代的一粒灰， 落在个人头上就是一座山，没有人能独善其身。假如你叫李华，作为潍坊的学生，应该为环境保护做出哪些贡献呢 请以 “Let’s try our best to protect the environment”为题，向潍坊的学生发出倡议，呼吁大家从小事做起，尽最大的努力保护环境!
写作要点:
（1）了解并让更多的人知道环境保护的重要性；
（2）在日常生活中节约用水，节约能源；
（3）为了减少空气污染，最好乘坐公交车、骑自行车或步行上学；
（4）学会垃圾分类:少用塑料袋。
（5）保护野生动物，不食用野生动物。
写作要求:
（1）要点齐全并适当发挥。
（2）全文字数不少于90词。开头已给出，不计入总词数。
（3）条理清楚，句式规范，标点符号和大小写使用正确。
（4）卷面整洁。
Let’s try our best to protect the environment
Dear friends,
I’ m a student of Grade 8 in Weifang. My name is Li Hua. As we know, we have only one earth. But in recent years, many disasters happened on the earth and unusual weather appeared very often. Even worse, the novel corona-virus broke out nearly all over the world this year. All these bad things were caused by the terrible environment, but the terrible environment was caused by humans. As students in Weifang, what should we do
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【范文】
Let’s try our best to protect the environment
Dear friends,
I’ m a student of Grade 8 in Weifang. My name is Li Hua. As we know, we have only one earth. But in recent years, many disasters happened on the earth and unusual weather appeared very often. Even worse, the novel corona-virus broke out nearly all over the world this year. All these bad things were caused by the terrible environment, but the terrible environment was caused by humans. As students in Weifang, what should we do
First, we should know and let more people know the importance of environmental protection. Second, we should save water and energy in our daily life. Third, in order to reduce air pollution, it is better to go to school by bus, by bike, on foot or other public transportation instead of using private cars. Fourth, there are four categories of waste: recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. We should learn how to sort garbage and use few plastic bags. Fifth, we should protect wild animals and do not eat them.
If we all keep doing these things, I believe the environment will be better and better. Let’s try our best!
Yours, Li Hua

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