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(共31张PPT)
The memories of trees
学习目标
I can
understand different ways to improve memory.
talk about different types of memory.
explain different memory techniques.
use scientific findings about memory to help with my studies and daily life.
Lead in
01
What can tree rings tell us
Do trees have ‘memories'
Focusing on culture
Warm-up: Work in groups and brainstorm.
1.What is this
2. Look at the picture. What do you think these circles mean
scar from forest fire
first year growth
rainy season
dry season
It is a tree trunk.
first year growth
rainy season
dry season
scar from forest fire
The memories of trees
Do trees have memories This may seem like a strange question, but trees can actually tell us things about the past. When a tree is cut down, you can see something special inside: rings. These rings are the memories of trees. Tree rings contain lots of secrets from the forest.
Every year the tree grows, there is a new ring. Scientists can count the rings to tell the age of the tree. They also study tree rings to learn about the climate and the environment. Tree rings are a record of the climate. Some rings are quite wide. This is a good sign as it means the tree grew well and was healthy. This happens when the tree gets enough sun and rain. When it doesn’t rain enough, the tree won’t grow as much, and the rings are narrow. Thanks to this, scientists can look at the tree ring patterns to learn about climate change in a particular place.
Scientists also look at tree rings to study natural disasters. For example, sometimes there is a black area on a tree ring. This usually means there was a forest fire. If scientists count the rings from the black area, they can answer difficult questions, such as “When did the fire happen ” and “How common are forest fires ”
Tree rings can also help us understand human history. For example, scientists can use tree ring patterns to learn the age of old buildings. Nowadays, they can even look at the chemistry of each tree ring to figure out exactly when the tree was cut down. Thanks to this new method, a team of archaeologists discovered that a Viking village in Canada was built in the year 1021 CE.
It’s amazing that trees can tell us so much, even though they cannot talk!
2. What are the main topics tree rings help scientists study
Pre-reading
02
Skimming
1. What is the main idea of the article
subject
Age, climate, natural disasters, human history
Focusing on culture
Reading: Read the article and answer the questions.
1. What is the main idea of the article
2. What are tree rings, and why are they called the “memories of trees”
3. How do tree rings help us understand the past
Tree rings can tell us things about the past.
Tree rings are the circles inside a tree trunk. Each year a tree grows, there is a new ring. The writer calls them the “memories of trees” because they contain information about the past. For example, they are a record of natural events and climate in the past.
Scientists can look at tree rings and learn about past climate change and natural disasters such as forest fires. They can also use tree rings to learn about human history. For example, scientists can study old wood and find out when the tree was cut down. They can also use it to to tell the age of old buildings.
Focusing on culture
Reading: Read the article and answer the questions.
4. How can scientists tell the age of a tree by looking at its tree rings
5. What do wide tree rings show
6. What do narrow tree rings mean
Scientists can tell the age of a tree by counting the rings inside the tree trunk.
A wide tree ring shows that the tree grew well that year. This happens when the tree gets enough sun and rain.
A narrow tree ring means that the tree did not grow as much that year. This can happen when a tree doesn’t get enough water.
Long-term Memory
Long-term memory is where information is stored for longer periods, categorized into explicit and implicit memory.
Memory Encoding
Encoding is the process of converting information into a form that the brain can store and recall later.
Focusing on culture
Reading: Read the article and answer the questions.
7. What does a black area on a tree ring mean
8. How do tree rings help us understand human history
A black area on a tree ring usually means there was a forest fire. Scientists can count the rings from the black area to determine when the fire happened.
Tree rings help us understand human history by showing the age of old buildings and even revealing when trees were cut down. For example, scientists used tree ring patterns to discover that a Viking village in Canada was built in the year 1021 CE.
Focusing on culture
Why are tree rings useful How do scientists make use of them Complete the mind map below with the information from the article on page 110.
are a record of climate change
provide information about natural disasters
help us understand human history
Scientists look at the tree ring patterns to learn about climate change in a particular place.
Scientists look at tree rings to study natural disasters.
Scientists use tree ring patterns to learn the age of old buildings.
Focusing on culture
Find the words and phrases in the article and match them with their meanings.
Width (宽度) of Rings: Different tree types have rings of different widths. For one tree, its rings get wider when it's young and then get narrower as it grows older.
Post-reading
04
4 What else do you know about tree rings
Share with your classmates.
What implications does the study of tree rings have for us in addressing climate change today
How can we protect forests so that trees can continue to "tell" the stories of the future
Post-reading
04
Section 4
Cross-curricular
connection
荔园教育集团笔架山学校 王梓莹
How amazing it is for trees to have such a good “memory”!
To explore the secret of human’s memory, Hermann Ebbinghaus did a pionnering experiment and published a book about it.
Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850 - 1909)
统的) experiments in the field, Ebbinghaus studied the nature of memory through poioneering experiments, and developed a model of memory that is still widely used today. His research also laid the foundation for the study of human learning and memory, which is a critical area of research in psychology.
Hermann Ebbinghaus was a German psychologist who made significant contributions to the field of psychology, particularly in the areas of memory and learning. Growing up in a family of merchants, Ebbinghaus studied philosophy first but later turned his attention to psychology.
As one of the first psychologists to conduct systematic (系
Do you know the name of this model
Do you know anything about Ebbinghaus’s theory
Let’s take a closer look at his findings!
Fast reading
What were Ebbinghaus’s studies mainly about
A. Human brain and intelligence B. Learning and memory
C. Learning and intelligence D. Emotion and memory
Ebbinghaus discovered a well-known pattern in remembering called __________.
A. The Remembering Curve B. The Memory Curve
C. The Forgetting Curve D. The Learning Curve
In which part of the science magazine can we find this passage
A. Physics B. Ecology C. Chemistry D. Psychology
Detailed reading
Which statements are true according to Ebbinghaus’s findings
Forgetting takes place quickest in the first eight hours.
Relearning things forgotten is easier than learning new things.
The way people study makes no difference to the lasting of their memory.
Making things meaningful and make sense helps with memorizing.
People only remember the things close to the end most easily.
It will be helpful in memorizing if we keep going over things for a long time.
nine
The things we study longer and more carefully will remain in our memory longer.
Things that are close to the beginning and end of a list or series are remembered most easily.
Detailed reading
What trend can you find in the process of forgetting
______________________________________________________
It starts with a sharp drop, followed by a gentle curve.
Do you agree about Ebbinghaus’s findings
Share some examples from your daily life!
Discussion and sharing
Discuss and share in your groups:
What can you learn from Ebbinghaus’s findings
What other facts or rules about memory do you know from your daily learning or life experience
Which finding do you think is the most helpful to your study
Discussion and sharing
From Ebbinghaus’s findings, I know forgetting is fastest in 9 hours, so we need to review quickly.
Also, meaningful things (like words in sentences) are easier to remember.
In daily learning, I always recall the first/last words in a list best.
The most helpful tip is studying in short sessions—I no longer cram overnight, and I remember more.
Discussion and sharing
Sentence Frames:
From Ebbinghaus’s findings, I learn that ... , so we should ... .
One of his findings is that ... , which means ... .
In my daily learning, I’ve found that ... (e.g., “memorizing with examples works better”).
For example, when I ... , I notice that ... .
I think the most helpful finding is ... because ... .
The finding that ... helps me a lot in study—now I ... instead of ... .
Make suggestions
4
Interview
What problems do you have in ... (subject) learning
1
Share experience
Did you have similar problems
How did you solve them
3
Take notes
Write down key words on your worksheet.
2
Group project: How to learn wisely
Improve your learning strategies with Ebbinghaus’s findings or your experience!
What should they do to improve their study
Why do you suggest so
Group project: How to learn wisely
Group members Subjects & Challenges (What) Suggestions & Examples (How) Theoretical basis
(Why)
A English learning: Difficulties in remembering words and phrases Read out the words loudly. For example, you can read after the tape while reciting. because we think sounds can activate our mind and help with memory.
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
Criteria Rate yourself
I identified the values of tree rings.
I used academic words and proper language to describe scientists’ findings about memory.
I analyzed and gave comments on scientists’ findings with critical thinking.
I used Wh- questions properly and correctly to learn about group member’s difficulties in learning.
I proposed a practical suggestion on improving memory and subject learning.
Assessment
Homework
Must-do:
Collect more information and improve your group project.
Optional:
Make a poster about interesting facts and useful techniques of memory.
Visit the Wutong Mountain and look for tree rings with your family. Record the rings with drawing or photos and share with the class.
THE END
Thank You

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