资源简介

2025-2026学年译林版（2012）英语六年级上册元旦复习讲义（1）
【知识梳理】
一、语音
少数读短音[ ]如：good，cook，foot，wood，look，book，stood，took
二、语法
1. 情态动词 can/could/should/must/may后面用动词原形，否定形式在情态动词的后面加 not。
2. to 后面+动词原形
（1）use…to… 使用某物做某事。
（2）reuse sth. to do sth. 再利用某物做某事
（3）need sth. to do sth. 需要某物做某事 注：need作情态动词动词时后面加动词原形
3. most of 的用法。
“most of”意思是“大多数”。后面接可数名词或不可数名词。
“most of+名词”作主语时，be动词或谓语动词的形式由介词of 后面的名词来决定。
如：Most of our energy comes from coal and oil. 大多数的能源来自煤和石油。
Most of the trees are tall here. 这儿大多数树木是高的。
4. all 一般表示泛指，不表示特定的群体。all the 表示特定的群体。
all students 所有的学生（不特指哪些学生）
all the students 所有的学生（特指某些学生）
5. many 和 much的用法
（1）many（很多）+可数名词 /so many+可数名词复数
much（很多）+不可数名词 /so much 如此多+ 不可数名词
（2）a lot of （很多）和 some（一些）既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。
如：a lot of people 可数；a lot of water 不可数；some trees 可数；some wood 不可数
（3）不可数名词有：water水；energy 能源；oil石油；coal煤炭；wood 木材；plastic 塑料；paper纸；juice 果汁；cola可乐；rice 米饭；meat 肉；soup汤；milk 牛奶；tea茶；coffee咖啡；bread面包；honey 蜂蜜；food 食物；chicken 鸡肉；fish 鱼肉；ice 冰；money钱；time 时间；snow雪；rain 雨；rubbish 垃圾；homework家庭作业；housework家务等。
注：
1. 普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。
可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体,如 worker；farmer；desk；factory 等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people；family 等）。
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。
名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：
（1）一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。
（2）以 s、ss、ch、sh、x 结尾的名词；在词尾加-es。
（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词；要先将“y”改为“i”再加-es。
（4）特别注意以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，直接加-s。
（5）以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词；要将“f”或“fe”改为“v”再加-es。
如：half→ halves；leaf→leaves；knife → knives；wife→wives
（6）特例：
a. child → children
b. man → men；woman → women；policeman → policemen（规律：man → men）
c. tomato → tomatoes；potato → potatoes；mango→ mangoes；hero → heroes
以o 结尾的名词变复数时，有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s。如：photo → photos
d. foot→ feet；tooth→ teeth（oo变成ee）
e. sheep；Chinese；Japanese 单、复数同形（变复数时词形不变）
f. people 单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数; people 的复数形式 peoples 通常指多个民族。
2. 如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。
（1）不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。
物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质；如 meat；rice；water；milk；orange等
抽象名词：表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work；homework；time；health等。
a. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
如：The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
b. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如：water（水）→waters（水域）。
c. 很多不可数名词表示泛指时不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。如：fruit→fruits；food→foods；fish→fishes；hair→hairs
（2）名词可数、不可数“六注意”。
a. 可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。
不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some bread；a little milk 等。
b. 不定冠词 a/an/the 的用法
（1）单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)。
（2）表示特指时，前面要用定冠词 the。
（3）不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰，表示特指时，前面一定要用定冠词the。
如：He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。
The boy in the car is my brother. 车里的男孩是我的哥哥。
c. 可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some；any；a lot of；lots of 等来修饰，表示“一些，许多”。
如：There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。
There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。
d. 可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples；four books等。
不可数名词前通常用“单位词 +of”来表示数量。如：a piece of paper 一张纸
e. 谓语动词
（1）可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。
如：This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。
不可数名词作为主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数“单位词”时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
如：There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。
对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many
如：How many apples are there in the box 盒子里有多少个苹果？
对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much
如：How much tea is there in the cup 杯子里有多少茶水？
注意：对不可数名词前的“单位词”的修饰语提问时，疑问词用how many。
如：How many pieces of bread are there on the plate 盘子里有多少片面包？
6. start+ 动名词，指“开始做某事”；同 stop 用法。
如：start drawing 开始画画；stop drawing 停止画画
7. be bad for… 对……有坏处
如：Too much plastic is bad for the Earth. 太多的垃圾对地球有害。
be good for… 对……有好处 注意：be good to… 对……友好
如：Vegetables are good for us. 蔬菜对我们有好处。
8. how和why的用法
（1）How 意思是“如何，怎样”，询问的是解决问题的方式、方法、手段等。
如：How do we protect the Earth 我们怎么保护地球
（2）Why 意思是“为什么”，询问原因，它引导的特殊疑问句常用because 开头的句子来回答。
如：—Why do we protect the Earth 我们为什么要保护地球
—Because the Earth is our home. 因为地球是我们的家。
9. what 和 how 引导的感叹句
（1）what 引导的感叹句：what 后接名词或名词短语。有以下两种结构：
“What + a/an+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）!”
如：What a fine day (it is) ! 多么晴朗的一天!
“What（+形容词）+ 可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）!”
如：What kind people (they are)! 多么友好的人们!
What nice music (it is) ! 多么美妙的音乐!
（2）How 用来修饰形容词、副词,其结构是“How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）!”。
如：How clever (the boy is)! 多么聪明的男孩!
How hard (the workers are working)! 工人们工作得多么勤劳!
How quickly (the boy is writing)! 男孩写得多么快!
【巩固训练】
一、找出划线部分读音与其余三个不同的选项。
1. A. about B. America C. ago D. ask
2. A. zoo B. food C. good D. balloon
3. A. hear B. near C. year D. bear
4. A. her B. hers C. girl D. worker
5. A. bread B. head C. mean D. sweater
6. A. rubbish B. rubber C. ruler D. but
【答案】DCDDCC
二、单项选择。
1. Were there _____ trees in the street
A. some B. any C. much
2. Once upon a time, there _____ many wild animals in the forest.
A. is B. was C. were
3. My brother _____ a kite yesterday.
A. make B. made C. makes
4. Wow! _____ beautiful presents!
A. What B. How C. What a
5. There _____ a pair of shoes under the bed yesterday.
A. are B. were C. was
6. The king isn’t _____ clothes.
A. wear any B. wearing any C. wearing some
7. There _____ some sheep on the farm last year.
A. isn’t B. is C. were
8. Yesterday I _____ at home all day, because I was ill.
A. stay B. stayed C. staied
9. —What _____ —He _____ his model plane.
A. happens；lost B. is happening；is losing C. happened；lost
10. There _____ some ants on the bread, so we couldn’t eat our lunch.
A. was B. are C. were
11. _____ heavy rain last night.
A. There is B. It was C. There was
12. Two days ago, my sister _____ her teacher.
A. visiting B. visited C. visit
13. _____ a beautiful skirt!
A. How B. What C. What a
14. The weather _____ windy yesterday evening.
A. became B. become C. becomed
15. We were hungry, because we _____ have lunch.
A. did B. don’t C. didn’t
16. —Did you watch a film yesterday evening —Yes, _____ .
A. I did B. I do C. she does
17. He _____ the Shanghai Museum last week.
A. didn’t visit B. didn’t visited C. wasn’t visit
18. —Your dress is so nice. —Thank you. I _____ it on the Internet.
A. buy B. bought C. get
19. What _____ you do last night
A. did B. does C. do
20. _____ signs can you see in the park
A. How many B. How much C. How about
21. The sign “Danger!” means you _____ stay away from it.
A. must B. don’t C. can’t
22. Many people like _____ the city.
A. living B. live C. living in
23. There _____ many shops and cinemas near the park.
A. am B. is C. are
24. Grandma is sleeping. We _____ shout.
A. should B. shouldn’t C. can
25. — _____ you _____ banana skins on the ground —No, I don’t.
A. Do；throw B. Did；threw C. Are；throwing
【答案】BCBAC BCBCC CBBAC AABAA ACCBA
三、英汉互译。
1. 做许多事____________________ 2. then and now______________________
3. 听我说______________________ 4. look out of the window______________
5. 购物________________________ 6. an English lesson___________________
7. 在度假______________________ 8. work hard_________________________
9. 十年前______________________ 10. invent the telephone________________
11. 开始画画___________________ 12. at the school gate_______________
13. 保护地球___________________ 14. make a poster__________________
15. 太多塑料___________________ 16. do a project____________________
17. 砍伐_______________________ 18. be bad for______________________
19. 节约能源___________________ 20. on Earth______________________
【答案】1. do many things 2. 过去和现在 3. listen to me 4. 朝窗外看 5. do shopping
6. 一节英语课 7. on holiday 8. 努力工作 9. ten years ago 10. 发明电话 11. start drawing 12. 在学校大门口 13. protect the earth 14. 制作一个海报 15. too much plastic 16. 做一个课题 17. cut down 18. 对......有害 9. save energy 10. 在地球上
四、根据句意和首字母提示写单词。
1. —It’s ____________ (下雨的) today. You should take an umbrella. —OK, I will.
2. Lily has many ____________ (网友) on the Internet.
3. We should do ____________ (更多的) exercise.
4. They are going to watch lion ____________ (舞蹈) tomorrow.
5. —Be c____________ , Gogo. The floor is wet. —Thank you.
6. Don’t use too much p____________ . It’s bad for the environment.
7. The boy knows everything. He is very c____________ .
8. Today is 1st June. It’s C____________ Day.
9. We s____________ talk in class.
10. The sign on the wall m____________ “Keep quiet”.
11. Yesterday my family a____________ much nice food at home.
12. Please k____________ your bedroom clean.
13. There is l____________ water in the bottle.
14. Helen went to bed b____________ 10 o’clock last night.
15. My father c____________ me from Spain last night and we talked happily.
16. —Shall we m____________ at our school gate this afternoon —OK.
17. Tim was e____________ about the parrot show last week.
18. Thirty years ago, my grandfather read n____________ for news.
19. They see many monkeys a____________ them.
20. There’s not much o____________ on Earth.
【答案】1. rainy 2. e-friends 3. more 4. dances 5. careful 6. plastic 7. clever
8. Children’s 9. shouldn’t 10. means 11. ate 12. keep 13. little 14. before 15. called 16. meet 17. excited 18. newspapers 19. around 20. oil
五、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. We can reuse glass bottles ____________ (make) toys.
2. I want to go ____________ (skate) too.
3. —Would you like ____________ (some) bread for lunch —No, thanks.
4. The sign on the wall means “No ____________ (park)”.
5. —What time is it —It’s ten o’clock. It’s time ____________ (have) a PE lesson.
6. —Thanks for ____________ (help) me with my Maths. —You are welcome.
7. My grandmother likes ____________ (take) a walk after dinner.
8. The students ____________ (catch) fish in the river last Sunday.
9. There is a party at school. Everybody ____________ (be) very excited.
10. —Are you ____________ (look) for your pen —Yes, I can’t find it.
11. —It’s hot today. How about ____________ (go) swimming —Good idea!
12. —My sister likes ____________ (fun) cartoons very much. —Me too.
13. There are some ____________ (pear) trees behind my house.
14. Jack and I are from ____________ (English).
15. The ____________ (photo) on the wall are beautiful.
16. It was nice ____________ (get) your present.
17. My grandmother’s birthday is ____________ (come).
18. —Was there ____________ (some) water in the bottle —Yes, but just a little.
19. —Let’s say goodbye to ____________ (he). —OK!
20. ____________ (Ann) mother is our English teacher.
【答案】1. to make 2. skating 3. some 4. parking 5. to have 6. helping 7. taking/to take
8. caught 9. is 10. looking 11. going 12. funny 13. pear 14. England 15. photos
16. to get ing 18. any 19. him 20. Ann’s
六、根据中文提示完成句子。
1. 现在是下午四点半。我们应该回家了。
It’s _____________ _____________ _____________ in the afternoon now. We _____________ go home.
2. 墙上的标识的意思是我们不能在这里吸烟。
The sign _____________ the _____________ _____________ we can’t _____________ here.
3. 刘涛不能在图书馆里乱扔垃圾。
Liu Tao _____________ _____________ in the library.
4. 在超市附近有两家果汁店。
There _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ near the supermarket.
5. 去年，海伦的爷爷给了她一本故事书作为生日礼物。
Helen’s grandpa ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ as a birthday present last year.
6. 看！那棵树周围有一些漂亮的蝴蝶。
Look! There are some _____________ butterflies _____________ the tree.
7. 我知道为什么我们不能在这里吃梨。
I know _____________ we can’t _____________ _____________ here.
8. —这个标识什么意思 —它的意思是你可以在这里停车。
— _____________ does this _____________ _____________
—It means you _____________ _____________ your car here.
9. —猴子们正在做什么 —它们正在寻找食物。
—What _____________ the monkeys _____________ —They’re _____________ _____________ food.
10. 刘涛来得太晚了。他错过了火车。
Liu Tao came _____________ _____________ . He missed the train.
11. 你可以把这张桌子从客厅搬走。
You can _____________ the table _____________ from the living room.
12. 骑自行车和步行可以减少汽车尾气。
Riding bikes and _____________ can reduce the _____________ from cars.
13. 在冬天，这副手套能使你的手保持暖和。
This pair of gloves can _____________ your hands _____________ in winter.
14. 我们不应该用动物的皮毛来做衣服。
We shouldn’t _____________ animal fur _____________ _____________ clothes.
15. 我们不应该浪费食物。世界上还有很多饥饿的人。
We shouldn’t ___________ ___________ . There are still ___________ hungry people in the ___________ .
【答案】1. half past four；should 2. on；wall means；smoke 3. can’t litter 4. are two juice shops
5. gave her a storybook 6. beautiful；around 7. why；eat/have pears 8. What；sign mean；can park
9. are；doing；looking for 10. too late 11. move； away 12. walking；smoke 13. keep；warm
14. use；to make 15. waste food；many；world
七、情景交际，找出对应答语。
( )1. When is Earth Day A. They shouldn’t waste water.
( )2. Does your brother live in the city B. No, there isn’t
( )3. What are they doing C. No. She’s in the office.
( )4. Is Miss Li in the study D. No, I can’t.
( )5. Who’s that speaking E. Yes, I do.
( )6. How can we keep the air clean F. It’s on 22nd April.
( )7. What should they not do G. We can plant more trees.
( )8. Is there too much oil on Earth H. Yes, he does.
( )9. Can you draw it I. This is Helen speaking.
( )10. Do you like playing football J. They are running.
【答案】FHJCI GABDE
八、按要求完成句子。
1. George used paper to make bags yesterday afternoon. (改为同义句)
George _____________ bags _____________ _____________ yesterday afternoon.
2. He comes from America. (改为同义句)
He _____________ _____________ _____________ .
3. We shouldn’t waste water. (改为同义句)
We _____________ _____________ water.
4. This is a nice poster. (改为感叹句)
_____________ _____________ nice poster!
5. He put it in the bin. (对划线部分提问)
_____________ _____________ he put it
6. We can plant trees and save energy to protect our Earth. (对划线部分提问)
_____________ can we _____________ _____________ _____________ our Earth
7. He can draw some nice pictures. (对画线部分提问)
_____________ can he _____________
8. We shouldn’t cut down too many trees. (对画线部分提问)
_____________ _____________ you _____________
_____________ _____________ you _____________ _____________
9. What happened, Bobby (改为同义句)
_____________ _____________ _____________ , Bobby
10. My holiday was great fun. (对划线部分提问)
_____________ was _____________ holiday
11. can；some；away；we；desks；from；classroom；the；move (.) (连词成句)
_________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1. made；with；paper 2. is；from；America 3. should；save 4. What；a 5. Where；did 6. What；do；to；protect 7. What；draw 8. What；shouldn’t；do/What；should；not do
9. What was wrong 10. How；your 11. We can move some desks away from the classroom.
九、阅读理解。
A. 阅读短文，判断正误，正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”。
A
People make old things into new things. This is called recycling (回收利用). People can recycle only some materials (材料)—paper, plastic, clothes, computers, mobile phones and metal (金属). But food cannot be recycled.
How do students recycle at school Students make recycling boxes to collect cans (金属罐), paper, plastic bottles and bags. They try to use recycled things. They usually use plastic bottles to make toys. They use waste paper to make boxes…
Recycling is good for the environment. It is also good for our health. Let’s start from now on!
1. Recycling is to make new things into old things.
2. Paper, plastic and food can be recycled.
3. Students use recycled things to make some other things.
4. To protect the environment, we should try to recycle.
5. The best title of the passage is “No recycling”.
【答案】FFTTF
B
Mr Brown works in a hospital. He’s a good doctor and he is nice to his patients (病人), people in the town like him very much. One morning, a woman went to his office. Mr Brown asked, “What’s the matter, Madam ” “It was my birthday yesterday, sir.” said the woman, “My son gave me a present. But I couldn’t put myself (我自己) in it.” “Don’t worry, Madam.” said Mr Brown, “It’s easy. Do what I tell you, you’ll soon lose some weight (体重), then you can wear your new coat.” “You’re wrong, sir.” The woman was very sad, “He bought me not a coat, but an expensive car.”
1. People in the town like Doctor Brown very much.
2. The woman is Mrs Brown’s patient.
3. The woman got a coat as a birthday present from his son.
4. The woman is happy about her weight.
5. From the story we know the woman is very fat.
【答案】TFFFT
B. 阅读短文，选择正确的答案。
A
Twenty years ago, many families didn’t have mobile phones or computers. If they wanted to get information (信息), they read books or magazines in the library. If they wanted to connect (联系) with friends, they would use the telephone or write letters. But now, most families have mobile phones and computers. We can do many things on the Internet. We can watch films, listen to music, chat with our friends, do shopping and so on. The Internet makes our life simple and easy.
Every coin has two sides. Many students don’t do their homework, because they want to play games on the Internet. They surf the Internet, chat with their e-friends and so on.
We should make good use of the Internet. As a student, we can learn English and have lessons on the Internet.
1. Twenty years ago, we used the _____ to connect with friends.
A. telephone B. mobile phone C. computer
2. What would we do if we wanted to get information twenty years ago
A. Surf the Internet. B. Read books. C. Call people.
3. The first paragraph (段落) tells us _____ .
A. many families had mobile phones twenty years ago
B. the Internet makes our life simple and easy
C. all the students want to play games on the Internet
4. What does the sentence “Every coin has two sides.” mean in Chinese
A. 两边都有硬币。 B. 一切事物都有两面性。 C. 每个人都有两枚硬币。
5. The best title for the passage is “ _____ ”.
A. Use the Internet correctly (正确地)
B. Computers
C. Mobile phones
【答案】ABBBA
B
There are some easy things you can do to protect the environment.
●Plant flowers, grass or trees.
●Whenever you visit a park or beach, take away what you bring there—keep rubbish in a bag until you can put it in a bin.
●Turn off the lights, TVs when you leave the room.
●Turn off the tap (水笼头) when you brush your teeth. You can save some water.
●Keep the doors and windows closed in winter to keep warm.
●Give your old books and magazines to a library.
●Give your old clothes to poor children.
●Don’t pour dirty water into the rivers or the lakes nearby(附近).
If everyone makes a contribution (贡献) to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
1. The article (文章) is _____ .
A. a sign B. a story C. a proposal
2. The writer tells us _____ .
A. to throw rubbish into a bin
B. to pour dirty water into the river
C. to save water by turning off TVS
3. We can _____ to save paper.
A. use a glass cup
B. turn off the lights
C. give our old books and magazines to a library
4. Which is WRONG
A. Turn off the lights when you leave the room.
B. Close the doors in winter.
C. Pour dirty water into the lake
5. The main idea (主要意思) of this article is how to _____ .
A. save money B. save water C. protect the environment
【答案】CACCC2025-2026学年译林版（2012）英语六年级上册元旦复习讲义（1）
【知识梳理】
一、语音
少数读短音[ ]如：good，cook，foot，wood，look，book，stood，took
二、语法
1. 情态动词 can/could/should/must/may后面用动词原形，否定形式在情态动词的后面加 not。
2. to 后面+动词原形
（1）use…to… 使用某物做某事。
（2）reuse sth. to do sth. 再利用某物做某事
（3）need sth. to do sth. 需要某物做某事 注：need作情态动词动词时后面加动词原形
3. most of 的用法。
“most of”意思是“大多数”。后面接可数名词或不可数名词。
“most of+名词”作主语时，be动词或谓语动词的形式由介词of 后面的名词来决定。
如：Most of our energy comes from coal and oil. 大多数的能源来自煤和石油。
Most of the trees are tall here. 这儿大多数树木是高的。
4. all 一般表示泛指，不表示特定的群体。all the 表示特定的群体。
all students 所有的学生（不特指哪些学生）
all the students 所有的学生（特指某些学生）
5. many 和 much的用法
（1）many（很多）+可数名词 /so many+可数名词复数
much（很多）+不可数名词 /so much 如此多+ 不可数名词
（2）a lot of （很多）和 some（一些）既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。
如：a lot of people 可数；a lot of water 不可数；some trees 可数；some wood 不可数
（3）不可数名词有：water水；energy 能源；oil石油；coal煤炭；wood 木材；plastic 塑料；paper纸；juice 果汁；cola可乐；rice 米饭；meat 肉；soup汤；milk 牛奶；tea茶；coffee咖啡；bread面包；honey 蜂蜜；food 食物；chicken 鸡肉；fish 鱼肉；ice 冰；money钱；time 时间；snow雪；rain 雨；rubbish 垃圾；homework家庭作业；housework家务等。
注：
1. 普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。
可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体,如 worker；farmer；desk；factory 等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people；family 等）。
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。
名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：
（1）一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。
（2）以 s、ss、ch、sh、x 结尾的名词；在词尾加-es。
（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词；要先将“y”改为“i”再加-es。
（4）特别注意以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，直接加-s。
（5）以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词；要将“f”或“fe”改为“v”再加-es。
如：half→ halves；leaf→leaves；knife → knives；wife→wives
（6）特例：
a. child → children
b. man → men；woman → women；policeman → policemen（规律：man → men）
c. tomato → tomatoes；potato → potatoes；mango→ mangoes；hero → heroes
以o 结尾的名词变复数时，有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s。如：photo → photos
d. foot→ feet；tooth→ teeth（oo变成ee）
e. sheep；Chinese；Japanese 单、复数同形（变复数时词形不变）
f. people 单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数; people 的复数形式 peoples 通常指多个民族。
2. 如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。
（1）不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。
物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质；如 meat；rice；water；milk；orange等
抽象名词：表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work；homework；time；health等。
a. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
如：The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
b. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如：water（水）→waters（水域）。
c. 很多不可数名词表示泛指时不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。如：fruit→fruits；food→foods；fish→fishes；hair→hairs
（2）名词可数、不可数“六注意”。
a. 可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。
不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some bread；a little milk 等。
b. 不定冠词 a/an/the 的用法
（1）单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)。
（2）表示特指时，前面要用定冠词 the。
（3）不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰，表示特指时，前面一定要用定冠词the。
如：He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。
The boy in the car is my brother. 车里的男孩是我的哥哥。
c. 可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some；any；a lot of；lots of 等来修饰，表示“一些，许多”。
如：There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。
There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。
d. 可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples；four books等。
不可数名词前通常用“单位词 +of”来表示数量。如：a piece of paper 一张纸
e. 谓语动词
（1）可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。
如：This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。
不可数名词作为主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数“单位词”时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
如：There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。
对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many
如：How many apples are there in the box 盒子里有多少个苹果？
对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much
如：How much tea is there in the cup 杯子里有多少茶水？
注意：对不可数名词前的“单位词”的修饰语提问时，疑问词用how many。
如：How many pieces of bread are there on the plate 盘子里有多少片面包？
6. start+ 动名词，指“开始做某事”；同 stop 用法。
如：start drawing 开始画画；stop drawing 停止画画
7. be bad for… 对……有坏处
如：Too much plastic is bad for the Earth. 太多的垃圾对地球有害。
be good for… 对……有好处 注意：be good to… 对……友好
如：Vegetables are good for us. 蔬菜对我们有好处。
8. how和why的用法
（1）How 意思是“如何，怎样”，询问的是解决问题的方式、方法、手段等。
如：How do we protect the Earth 我们怎么保护地球
（2）Why 意思是“为什么”，询问原因，它引导的特殊疑问句常用because 开头的句子来回答。
如：—Why do we protect the Earth 我们为什么要保护地球
—Because the Earth is our home. 因为地球是我们的家。
9. what 和 how 引导的感叹句
（1）what 引导的感叹句：what 后接名词或名词短语。有以下两种结构：
“What + a/an+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）!”
如：What a fine day (it is) ! 多么晴朗的一天!
“What（+形容词）+ 可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）!”
如：What kind people (they are)! 多么友好的人们!
What nice music (it is) ! 多么美妙的音乐!
（2）How 用来修饰形容词、副词,其结构是“How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）!”。
如：How clever (the boy is)! 多么聪明的男孩!
How hard (the workers are working)! 工人们工作得多么勤劳!
How quickly (the boy is writing)! 男孩写得多么快!
【巩固训练】
一、找出划线部分读音与其余三个不同的选项。
1. A. about B. America C. ago D. ask
2. A. zoo B. food C. good D. balloon
3. A. hear B. near C. year D. bear
4. A. her B. hers C. girl D. worker
5. A. bread B. head C. mean D. sweater
6. A. rubbish B. rubber C. ruler D. but
二、单项选择。
1. Were there _____ trees in the street
A. some B. any C. much
2. Once upon a time, there _____ many wild animals in the forest.
A. is B. was C. were
3. My brother _____ a kite yesterday.
A. make B. made C. makes
4. Wow! _____ beautiful presents!
A. What B. How C. What a
5. There _____ a pair of shoes under the bed yesterday.
A. are B. were C. was
6. The king isn’t _____ clothes.
A. wear any B. wearing any C. wearing some
7. There _____ some sheep on the farm last year.
A. isn’t B. is C. were
8. Yesterday I _____ at home all day, because I was ill.
A. stay B. stayed C. staied
9. —What _____ —He _____ his model plane.
A. happens；lost B. is happening；is losing C. happened；lost
10. There _____ some ants on the bread, so we couldn’t eat our lunch.
A. was B. are C. were
11. _____ heavy rain last night.
A. There is B. It was C. There was
12. Two days ago, my sister _____ her teacher.
A. visiting B. visited C. visit
13. _____ a beautiful skirt!
A. How B. What C. What a
14. The weather _____ windy yesterday evening.
A. became B. become C. becomed
15. We were hungry, because we _____ have lunch.
A. did B. don’t C. didn’t
16. —Did you watch a film yesterday evening —Yes, _____ .
A. I did B. I do C. she does
17. He _____ the Shanghai Museum last week.
A. didn’t visit B. didn’t visited C. wasn’t visit
18. —Your dress is so nice. —Thank you. I _____ it on the Internet.
A. buy B. bought C. get
19. What _____ you do last night
A. did B. does C. do
20. _____ signs can you see in the park
A. How many B. How much C. How about
21. The sign “Danger!” means you _____ stay away from it.
A. must B. don’t C. can’t
22. Many people like _____ the city.
A. living B. live C. living in
23. There _____ many shops and cinemas near the park.
A. am B. is C. are
24. Grandma is sleeping. We _____ shout.
A. should B. shouldn’t C. can
25. — _____ you _____ banana skins on the ground —No, I don’t.
A. Do；throw B. Did；threw C. Are；throwing
三、英汉互译。
1. 做许多事____________________ 2. then and now______________________
3. 听我说______________________ 4. look out of the window______________
5. 购物________________________ 6. an English lesson___________________
7. 在度假______________________ 8. work hard_________________________
9. 十年前______________________ 10. invent the telephone________________
11. 开始画画___________________ 12. at the school gate_______________
13. 保护地球___________________ 14. make a poster__________________
15. 太多塑料___________________ 16. do a project____________________
17. 砍伐_______________________ 18. be bad for______________________
19. 节约能源___________________ 20. on Earth______________________
四、根据句意和首字母提示写单词。
1. —It’s ____________ (下雨的) today. You should take an umbrella. —OK, I will.
2. Lily has many ____________ (网友) on the Internet.
3. We should do ____________ (更多的) exercise.
4. They are going to watch lion ____________ (舞蹈) tomorrow.
5. —Be c____________ , Gogo. The floor is wet. —Thank you.
6. Don’t use too much p____________ . It’s bad for the environment.
7. The boy knows everything. He is very c____________ .
8. Today is 1st June. It’s C____________ Day.
9. We s____________ talk in class.
10. The sign on the wall m____________ “Keep quiet”.
11. Yesterday my family a____________ much nice food at home.
12. Please k____________ your bedroom clean.
13. There is l____________ water in the bottle.
14. Helen went to bed b____________ 10 o’clock last night.
15. My father c____________ me from Spain last night and we talked happily.
16. —Shall we m____________ at our school gate this afternoon —OK.
17. Tim was e____________ about the parrot show last week.
18. Thirty years ago, my grandfather read n____________ for news.
19. They see many monkeys a____________ them.
20. There’s not much o____________ on Earth.
五、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. We can reuse glass bottles ____________ (make) toys.
2. I want to go ____________ (skate) too.
3. —Would you like ____________ (some) bread for lunch —No, thanks.
4. The sign on the wall means “No ____________ (park)”.
5. —What time is it —It’s ten o’clock. It’s time ____________ (have) a PE lesson.
6. —Thanks for ____________ (help) me with my Maths. —You are welcome.
7. My grandmother likes ____________ (take) a walk after dinner.
8. The students ____________ (catch) fish in the river last Sunday.
9. There is a party at school. Everybody ____________ (be) very excited.
10. —Are you ____________ (look) for your pen —Yes, I can’t find it.
11. —It’s hot today. How about ____________ (go) swimming —Good idea!
12. —My sister likes ____________ (fun) cartoons very much. —Me too.
13. There are some ____________ (pear) trees behind my house.
14. Jack and I are from ____________ (English).
15. The ____________ (photo) on the wall are beautiful.
16. It was nice ____________ (get) your present.
17. My grandmother’s birthday is ____________ (come).
18. —Was there ____________ (some) water in the bottle —Yes, but just a little.
19. —Let’s say goodbye to ____________ (he). —OK!
20. ____________ (Ann) mother is our English teacher.
六、根据中文提示完成句子。
1. 现在是下午四点半。我们应该回家了。
It’s _____________ _____________ _____________ in the afternoon now. We _____________ go home.
2. 墙上的标识的意思是我们不能在这里吸烟。
The sign _____________ the _____________ _____________ we can’t _____________ here.
3. 刘涛不能在图书馆里乱扔垃圾。
Liu Tao _____________ _____________ in the library.
4. 在超市附近有两家果汁店。
There _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ near the supermarket.
5. 去年，海伦的爷爷给了她一本故事书作为生日礼物。
Helen’s grandpa ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ as a birthday present last year.
6. 看！那棵树周围有一些漂亮的蝴蝶。
Look! There are some _____________ butterflies _____________ the tree.
7. 我知道为什么我们不能在这里吃梨。
I know _____________ we can’t _____________ _____________ here.
8. —这个标识什么意思 —它的意思是你可以在这里停车。
— _____________ does this _____________ _____________
—It means you _____________ _____________ your car here.
9. —猴子们正在做什么 —它们正在寻找食物。
—What _____________ the monkeys _____________ —They’re _____________ _____________ food.
10. 刘涛来得太晚了。他错过了火车。
Liu Tao came _____________ _____________ . He missed the train.
11. 你可以把这张桌子从客厅搬走。
You can _____________ the table _____________ from the living room.
12. 骑自行车和步行可以减少汽车尾气。
Riding bikes and _____________ can reduce the _____________ from cars.
13. 在冬天，这副手套能使你的手保持暖和。
This pair of gloves can _____________ your hands _____________ in winter.
14. 我们不应该用动物的皮毛来做衣服。
We shouldn’t _____________ animal fur _____________ _____________ clothes.
15. 我们不应该浪费食物。世界上还有很多饥饿的人。
We shouldn’t ___________ ___________ . There are still ___________ hungry people in the ___________ .
七、情景交际，找出对应答语。
( )1. When is Earth Day A. They shouldn’t waste water.
( )2. Does your brother live in the city B. No, there isn’t
( )3. What are they doing C. No. She’s in the office.
( )4. Is Miss Li in the study D. No, I can’t.
( )5. Who’s that speaking E. Yes, I do.
( )6. How can we keep the air clean F. It’s on 22nd April.
( )7. What should they not do G. We can plant more trees.
( )8. Is there too much oil on Earth H. Yes, he does.
( )9. Can you draw it I. This is Helen speaking.
( )10. Do you like playing football J. They are running.
八、按要求完成句子。
1. George used paper to make bags yesterday afternoon. (改为同义句)
George _____________ bags _____________ _____________ yesterday afternoon.
2. He comes from America. (改为同义句)
He _____________ _____________ _____________ .
3. We shouldn’t waste water. (改为同义句)
We _____________ _____________ water.
4. This is a nice poster. (改为感叹句)
_____________ _____________ nice poster!
5. He put it in the bin. (对划线部分提问)
_____________ _____________ he put it
6. We can plant trees and save energy to protect our Earth. (对划线部分提问)
_____________ can we _____________ _____________ _____________ our Earth
7. He can draw some nice pictures. (对画线部分提问)
_____________ can he _____________
8. We shouldn’t cut down too many trees. (对画线部分提问)
_____________ _____________ you _____________
_____________ _____________ you _____________ _____________
9. What happened, Bobby (改为同义句)
_____________ _____________ _____________ , Bobby
10. My holiday was great fun. (对划线部分提问)
_____________ was _____________ holiday
11. can；some；away；we；desks；from；classroom；the；move (.) (连词成句)
_________________________________________________________________________________
九、阅读理解。
A. 阅读短文，判断正误，正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”。
A
People make old things into new things. This is called recycling (回收利用). People can recycle only some materials (材料)—paper, plastic, clothes, computers, mobile phones and metal (金属). But food cannot be recycled.
How do students recycle at school Students make recycling boxes to collect cans (金属罐), paper, plastic bottles and bags. They try to use recycled things. They usually use plastic bottles to make toys. They use waste paper to make boxes…
Recycling is good for the environment. It is also good for our health. Let’s start from now on!
1. Recycling is to make new things into old things.
2. Paper, plastic and food can be recycled.
3. Students use recycled things to make some other things.
4. To protect the environment, we should try to recycle.
5. The best title of the passage is “No recycling”.
B
Mr Brown works in a hospital. He’s a good doctor and he is nice to his patients (病人), people in the town like him very much. One morning, a woman went to his office. Mr Brown asked, “What’s the matter, Madam ” “It was my birthday yesterday, sir.” said the woman, “My son gave me a present. But I couldn’t put myself (我自己) in it.” “Don’t worry, Madam.” said Mr Brown, “It’s easy. Do what I tell you, you’ll soon lose some weight (体重), then you can wear your new coat.” “You’re wrong, sir.” The woman was very sad, “He bought me not a coat, but an expensive car.”
1. People in the town like Doctor Brown very much.
2. The woman is Mrs Brown’s patient.
3. The woman got a coat as a birthday present from his son.
4. The woman is happy about her weight.
5. From the story we know the woman is very fat.
B. 阅读短文，选择正确的答案。
A
Twenty years ago, many families didn’t have mobile phones or computers. If they wanted to get information (信息), they read books or magazines in the library. If they wanted to connect (联系) with friends, they would use the telephone or write letters. But now, most families have mobile phones and computers. We can do many things on the Internet. We can watch films, listen to music, chat with our friends, do shopping and so on. The Internet makes our life simple and easy.
Every coin has two sides. Many students don’t do their homework, because they want to play games on the Internet. They surf the Internet, chat with their e-friends and so on.
We should make good use of the Internet. As a student, we can learn English and have lessons on the Internet.
1. Twenty years ago, we used the _____ to connect with friends.
A. telephone B. mobile phone C. computer
2. What would we do if we wanted to get information twenty years ago
A. Surf the Internet. B. Read books. C. Call people.
3. The first paragraph (段落) tells us _____ .
A. many families had mobile phones twenty years ago
B. the Internet makes our life simple and easy
C. all the students want to play games on the Internet
4. What does the sentence “Every coin has two sides.” mean in Chinese
A. 两边都有硬币。 B. 一切事物都有两面性。 C. 每个人都有两枚硬币。
5. The best title for the passage is “ _____ ”.
A. Use the Internet correctly (正确地)
B. Computers
C. Mobile phones
B
There are some easy things you can do to protect the environment.
●Plant flowers, grass or trees.
●Whenever you visit a park or beach, take away what you bring there—keep rubbish in a bag until you can put it in a bin.
●Turn off the lights, TVs when you leave the room.
●Turn off the tap (水笼头) when you brush your teeth. You can save some water.
●Keep the doors and windows closed in winter to keep warm.
●Give your old books and magazines to a library.
●Give your old clothes to poor children.
●Don’t pour dirty water into the rivers or the lakes nearby (附近).
If everyone makes a contribution (贡献) to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
1. The article (文章) is _____ .
A. a sign B. a story C. a proposal
2. The writer tells us _____ .
A. to throw rubbish into a bin
B. to pour dirty water into the river
C. to save water by turning off TVS
3. We can _____ to save paper.
A. use a glass cup
B. turn off the lights
C. give our old books and magazines to a library
4. Which is WRONG
A. Turn off the lights when you leave the room.
B. Close the doors in winter.
C. Pour dirty water into the lake
5. The main idea (主要意思) of this article is how to _____ .
A. save money B. save water C. protect the environment

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