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Unit 2 词汇复习讲义
班级：________ 小组：________ 姓名：________ 得分：________
第一部分 核心短语精讲精练
一、知识点梳理
类别 核心短语 用法解析与注意事项
家务劳动类 pack up things、sweep the floor、clean the bathroom、feed the fish、water plants、clean up、take out the rubbish、do the laundry、do the dishes、fold the clothes、walk the dog、make the bed 1. 此类短语多为“动词 + 名词”结构，部分为固定搭配（如 do the laundry/ dishes，不可说 wash the laundry）；2. “take out the rubbish”中 rubbish 为不可数名词，无复数；3. “fold the clothes”“make the bed”为生活常用表达，注意 bed 前无冠词
社交聚会类 hang out with friends、invite...to...、make sb. feel at home、get together、share...with sb.、give a hand 1. “invite...to...”后接地点时用“invite sb. to + 地点”，接动作时用“invite sb. to do sth.”（例：invite her to the party/ to have dinner）；2. “make sb. feel at home”为固定表达，“feel”用原形；3. “give a hand”= help，后接宾语需加 with（give a hand with the housework）
春节相关类 the Spring Festival、make paper cuttings、decorate the house（拓展）、set the table、the familiar taste of... 1. “the Spring Festival”为专有名词，首字母大写，前加定冠词 the；2. “make paper cuttings”中 cuttings 为复数，表“剪纸作品”；3. “set the table”指“摆放餐具”，是节日聚餐常用表达
动作行为类 hang up photos、sort...into...、add sth. to sth.、go shopping、make biscuits、cook a meal、treasure hunt、bring out、bring sth. to sb.、paint the walls、make a poster、take notes 1. “sort...into...”后接分类目标（sort the books into different boxes）；2. “add sth. to sth.”注意介词用 to（add sugar to the tea）；3. “paint”与“draw”区别：paint 指“用颜料绘画/粉刷”，draw 指“用铅笔/钢笔绘画”；4. “take notes”= take down notes，“记笔记”的固定表达
常用表达类 good job、can't wait to do sth.、help sb. do sth.、buy sth. for sb.、at once、right now、be busy doing sth.、be happy to do sth.、would like to do sth.、be careful with、more than、at the end of 1. “can't wait to do sth.”后接动词原形，不可接 doing（例：can't wait to see her）；2. “help sb. do sth.”也可表达为 help sb. with sth.；3. “buy sth. for sb.”= buy sb. sth.（双宾语结构）；4. “be busy doing sth.”为固定搭配，不可说 be busy to do；5. “at the end of”后接时间或地点（at the end of the month/ the street）
二、分层练习（基础→提升→拓展）
（一）基础题：短语翻译（中英互译，夯实记忆）
收拾东西 ________________
和朋友闲逛 ________________
邀请他到我家 ________________
制作剪纸 ________________
洗碗 ________________
等不及做某事 ________________
be busy cooking a meal ________________
share the biscuits with friends ________________
hang up photos on the wall ________________
be careful with the scissors ________________
（二）提升题：短语填空（用所给短语的适当形式填空，每词限用一次）
give a hand、can't wait to、hang out with、invite...to、do the laundry、set the table、make sb. feel at home、be busy doing、take out the rubbish、sort...into
My mother ________________ in the kitchen when I got home yesterday afternoon.
Lucy ________________ her best friend ________________ her birthday party next weekend.
After dinner, my brother usually ________________ and I wash the dishes.
The little girl is very friendly and she always ________________ new classmates ________________.
We need to ________________ the old books ________________ two groups: storybooks and picture books.
He ________________ see his grandparents because he hasn't met them for a long time.
Could you please ________________ me ________________ with the housework I'm too tired.
She often ________________ her friends after finishing her homework on weekends.
My sister ________________ every Saturday morning, so our clothes are always clean.
Before the guests arrive, we should ________________ to prepare for the dinner.
（三）拓展题：语境运用（根据句意补全短语，灵活运用）
My aunt ________________（给植物浇水）every morning to make them grow well.
During the Spring Festival, we ________________（制作饼干）and ________________（贴剪纸）to celebrate the holiday.
He ________________（立即）ran to the bus stop when he realized he was late for school.
Please ________________（把盐加入）the soup; it's a little tasteless.
The teacher told us to ________________（做笔记）when listening to the lecture, so we can review later.
三、举一反三拓展
【短语搭配拓展】“do” 是构成家务类短语的高频动词，除了课本短语，还有这些常用搭配：
do the cooking 做饭 → do the cleaning 打扫卫生 → do one's homework 做作业 → do some reading 读书
请用以上任意两个短语造句：
① ________________ ② ________________
【同义短语替换】
give a hand = help sb. 帮忙 → 例：Could you give me a hand with my bag = Could you help me with my bag
can't wait to do sth. = be eager to do sth. 迫不及待做某事 → 例：She can't wait to go to the park. = She is eager to go to the park.
请将下列句子中的短语替换为同义短语：
① My father will give a hand with the garden work this weekend. → ________________
② The children can't wait to open their Spring Festival gifts. → ________________
第二部分 词性转换精讲精练
一、知识点梳理（按规律分类，突破变形难点）
（一）核心变形规律总结
变形类型 例词（Unit 2 重点） 规律总结
动词→名词（人/物/动作） invite → invitation、care → care（n. 小心）、hunt → hunter、write → writer、wait → waiter/waitress、laugh → laughter、feel → feeling、decorate → decoration、paint → painting、choose → choice、describe → description、post → poster 1. 动词变“邀请/装饰/描述”等动作名词，多加 -tion（invite → invitation、decorate → decoration，注意去 e 加 tion）；2. 动词变“执行者”加 -er/-or（hunt → hunter、write → writer），部分有性别区分（wait → waiter 男服务员/ waitress 女服务员）；3. 动词变“抽象情感/动作结果”：laugh → laughter（笑声）、feel → feeling（感觉）、paint → painting（绘画作品）
形容词→副词 fresh → freshly 1. 一般形容词加 -ly 变副词（fresh → freshly）；2. 补充：以“y”结尾的形容词变 y 为 i 加 -ly（happy → happily），以“le”结尾的去 e 加 y（simple → simply），帮助后续学习
名词→形容词 wind → windy、care → careful/careless 1. 天气类名词变形容词加 -y（wind → windy、rain → rainy）；2. 名词加 -ful 变“充满……的”形容词（care → careful 小心的），加 -less 变“无……的”否定形容词（care → careless 粗心的）
形容词→名词 dead → death 特殊变化：“死的”（dead，adj.）变“死亡”（death，n.），注意与 dying（adj. 垂死的）区分
其他特殊变形 mean → meaning/meaningful/meaningless、plan → planning/planned、brush → brushes、greet → greeting mean 多重变形：动词变名词“意义”（meaning），变形容词“有意义的/无意义的”（meaningful/meaningless）；2. plan 变现在分词/过去式需双写末尾 音字母（planning/planned）；3. 以“sh”结尾的名词变复数加 -es（brush → brushes）；4. greet 变名词“问候”加 -ing（greeting）
（二）高频易错点提醒
“invite→invitation” 注意拼写：去 e 加 -tion，而非直接加 -ion（避免写成 invition）；
“wait→waiter/waitress” 性别区分：waiter 指男性服务员，waitress 指女性服务员，统称可用 server；
“fresh→freshly” 副词用法：修饰动词（freshly made biscuits 刚烤好的饼干），不可误用作形容词；
“choose→choice” 特殊变形：动词变名词为 choice，注意发音和拼写（避免写成 choise）；
“care” 的双重形容词：careful（小心的）表肯定，careless（粗心的）表否定，不可混淆用法（例：be careful with the knife 小心刀子；don't be careless 别粗心）。
二、分层练习（基础→提升→拓展）
（一）基础题：词形变化填空（直接变形，巩固规律）
We received an ________________（invite）to the Spring Festival party yesterday.
You should be ________________（care）when using scissors to make paper cuttings.
The ________________（wind）weather made it hard for us to go out.
His ________________（describe）of the trip was very interesting.
My sister wants to be a ________________（write）when she grows up.
There are many beautiful ________________（paint）on the wall of the art room.
She felt a strong ________________（feel）of happiness when she saw her family.
The ________________（choose）is yours—you can stay at home or go out with us.
They bought some ________________（decorate）to make the house beautiful for the festival.
The ________________（fresh）baked bread smells very good.
（二）提升题：语境选择（选择适当形式填空，灵活运用）
It's ________________（danger / dangerous）to play with fire, so be ________________（care / careful）.
The ________________（waiter / waitress）served us warmly in the restaurant—she is very friendly.
This story is ________________（meaningful / meaningless）—it teaches us to help others.
He ________________（plan / planned）to visit his grandparents last weekend, but he was ill.
The ________________（death / dead）of the little dog made the girl very sad.
The ________________（windy / wind）blows strongly, and the trees are shaking.
She speaks English ________________（fluent / fluently）, and she often helps us with our English.
The ________________（hunter / hunt）caught many wild animals, which is against the law.
He made a wrong ________________（choose / choice）, so he failed the exam.
The ________________（greeting / greet）from my best friend made me feel warm.
（三）拓展题：句型转换（根据要求改写句子，综合运用）
She invited me to her birthday party.（改为名词形式作主语的句子） → The ________________ of her birthday party made me happy.
He is careful when he does his homework.（改为副词修饰动词） → He does his homework ________________.
The wind is strong today.（改为形容词作定语的句子） → It's a ________________ day today.
She feels happy when she receives the gift.（改为名词形式） → She has a ________________ of happiness when she receives the gift.
He chose to stay at home and do the laundry.（改为名词形式） → He made a ________________ to stay at home and do the laundry.
三、举一反三拓展
【规律迁移】根据 Unit 2 “名词 + -ful/-less 变形容词”的规律，完成下列未学单词的变形：
help（n. 帮助）→ ________（adj. 有帮助的）/ ________（adj. 无帮助的） hope（n. 希望）→ ________（adj. 充满希望的）/ ________（adj. 无望的）
请用以上单词造句：
① The teacher's advice is ________________ for us. ② It's ________________ to give up easily.
【短语搭配拓展】用词性转换后的单词搭配短语：
副词 + 动词：freshly + bake（刚烤）→ fluently + speak（流利地说）→ ________ + ________（粗心地做） 形容词 + 名词：meaningful + story（有意义的故事）→ careful + action（小心的行为）→ ________ + ________（无意义的谈话）
【答案】
第一部分 核心短语
（一）基础题
1.pack up things 2. hang out with friends 3. invite him to my home 4. make paper cuttings 5. do the dishes 6. can't wait to do sth. 7. 忙于做饭 8. 和朋友分享饼干 9. 把照片挂在墙上 10. 小心剪刀
（二）提升题
was busy doing（解析：yesterday afternoon 提示过去时，主语为单数，be 动词用 was，be busy doing 为固定搭配）
will invite；to（解析：next weekend 提示一般将来时，invite sb. to sth. 表示“邀请某人参加某事”）
takes out the rubbish（解析：usually 提示一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，take 变 takes）
makes；feel at home（解析：always 提示一般现在时，主语为单数，make 变 makes，make sb. do sth. 用原形 feel）
sort；into（解析：need to 后接动词原形，sort...into... 为固定搭配“把……分类到……”）
can't wait to（解析：根据句意“很久没见祖父母”，用 can't wait to 表示“迫不及待”）
give；a hand（解析：Could you please 后接动词原形，give sb. a hand 为“帮忙”）
hangs out with（解析：often 提示一般现在时，主语为单数，hang 变 hangs）
does the laundry（解析：every Saturday morning 提示一般现在时，主语为单数，do 变 does）
set the table（解析：should 后接动词原形，set the table 为“摆放餐具”）
（三）拓展题
1.waters plants 2. make biscuits；make paper cuttings 3. at once 4. add the salt to 5. take notes（解析：to 后接动词原形，take notes 为固定表达）
第二部分 词性转换
（一）基础题
invitation（解析：invite 变名词“邀请”，去 e 加 -tion）
careful（解析：care 变形容词“小心的”，加 -ful）
windy（解析：wind 变形容词“多风的”，加 -y）
description（解析：describe 变名词“描述”，加 -tion）
writer（解析：write 变名词“作家”，加 -r）
paintings（解析：paint 变名词“绘画作品”，加 -ing，根据 many 用复数）
feeling（解析：feel 变名词“感觉”，加 -ing）
choice（解析：choose 变名词“选择”，特殊变形为 choice）
decorations（解析：decorate 变名词“装饰品”，加 -tion，根据 some 用复数）
freshly（解析：fresh 变副词“新鲜地”，加 -ly，修饰动词 baked）
（二）提升题
dangerous；careful（解析：第一空 be 动词后接形容词“危险的”；第二空 be 动词后接形容词“小心的”）
waitress（解析：根据后半句 she 可知是女性服务员，用 waitress）
meaningful（解析：根据句意“教我们帮助别人”，用“有意义的” meaningful）
planned（解析：last weekend 提示过去式，plan 双写末尾辅音加 -ed）
death（解析：the 后接名词“死亡”，death 为名词形式）
wind（解析：作主语用名词“风”，windy 是形容词，不可作主语）
fluently（解析：修饰动词 speaks 用副词“流利地”）
hunter（解析：表示“猎人”，用名词形式 hunter）
choice（解析：a 后接名词“选择”，choice 为名词形式）
greeting（解析：the 后接名词“问候”，greeting 为名词形式）
（三）拓展题
invitation（解析：invite 变名词“邀请”，作主语）
carefully（解析：careful 变副词“小心地”，修饰动词 does）
windy（解析：wind 变形容词“多风的”，修饰名词 day）
feeling（解析：feel 变名词“感觉”，a 后接单数名词）
choice（解析：choose 变名词“选择”，make a choice 为固定搭配）

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