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Unit 3 词汇复习讲义
班级：________ 小组：________ 姓名：________ 得分：________
第一部分 核心短语精讲精练
一、知识点梳理
类别 核心短语 用法解析与注意事项
人际互动类 encourage sb to do sth / respect each other's differences / congratulate on / lend a hand / learn from each other 1. “encourage sb to do sth” 后接动词原形（不可接 doing），例：She encouraged me to join the competition.；2. “congratulate on + 名词 /doing”，例：Congratulations on winning the prize.；3. “lend a hand” 后接 to sb（= help sb），例：He always lends a hand to the elderly.
能力与活动类 perform at the music festival / take part in the school music festival / play the Chinese flute / win the first prize 1. “perform” 后接介词 at（表场所）/on（表舞台），例：perform on the school stage；2. “take part in” 侧重 “参与活动”，不可接人（接人用 join sb）；3. 乐器前必须加定冠词 the（如 play the piano），球类前不加；4. “win” 后接奖品 / 比赛（如 win the game），“beat” 后接对手。
情感态度类 be afraid of / be glad to do sth / be ready to do sth / have a great sense of humor 1. “be afraid of + 名词 /doing”，表 “害怕做某事”（= be afraid to do sth，后者侧重 “因恐惧不敢做”）；2. “be glad to do sth” 可替换为 “be happy/pleased to do sth”；3. “have a sense of + 名词” 表 “有…… 感”（如 have a sense of direction 方向感）。
时间与状态类 spare time / get up early / work hard / get better / be different from the past 1. “spare time” = free time，“in one's spare time” 表 “在某人业余时间”；2. “work hard” 中 hard 为副词（“努力地”），“hardly” 表 “几乎不”（易混淆）；3. “be different from” 后接比较对象（名词 / 代词），反义词组 “be similar to”。
因果与比较类 thanks for doing sth / thanks to / because of / as...as... / make comparisons 1. “thanks for” 后接 doing（表 “感谢做某事”），“thanks to + 名词”（表 “归功于”，后接原因）；2. “because of + 名词 / 短语”，“because + 句子”（注意区别）；3. “as...as...” 中间用形容词 / 副词原级，否定式 “not as/so...as...”（表 “不如……”）；4. “make comparisons between A and B” 表 “比较 A 和 B”。
其他常用类 have...in common / by accident / reach for / benefit from / silver lining 1. “have sth in common” 表 “有共同之处”，“have nothing in common” 表 “毫无共同之处”；2. “by accident” = by chance（意外地），可置于句首 / 句末；3. “silver lining” 为习语（“一线光明；困境中的希望”），例：Every cloud has a silver lining.（黑暗中总有一线光明）。
二、分层练习（基础→提升→拓展）
（一）基础题：短语翻译（中英互译，夯实记忆）
1.鼓励我学习英语 ________________ 2. 害怕在公众面前说话 ________________3.赢得音乐比赛一等奖 ________________ 4. 互相尊重差异 ________________5.业余时间练习长笛 ________________ 6. 意外发现一个好方法 ________________7.归功于老师的帮助 ________________ 8. 和我的好朋友有很多共同之处 ________________9.be glad to attend the music festival ________________ 10. work hard to improve ourselves ________________
11.make comparisons between the two paintings ________________ 12. benefit from each other's strengths ________________
（二）提升题：短语填空（用所给短语的适当形式填空，每词限用一次）
be afraid of, encourage sb to do sth, win the first prize, take part in, thanks to, by accident, have...in common, work hard, be different from, lend a hand
She used to ________ speaking in class, but now she is very confident.
My teacher always ________ try new things, so I joined the school band.
He practiced the flute for hours every day and finally ________ in the competition.
Many students ________ the school music festival last week—it was a great success.
________ my parents' support, I was able to finish the performance perfectly.
I met my old classmate ________ on the street yesterday—we hadn't seen each other for years.
Tom and I ________ a lot ________—we both love music and sports.
If you ________, you will surely make progress in your English study.
Life today ________ what it was 10 years ago—everything has changed a lot.
When others are in trouble, we should ________ and help them.
（三）拓展题：语境运用（根据句意补全短语，灵活运用）
We should ________（互相学习）and ________（从彼此的优点中受益）to make progress together.
________（在业余时间），she likes to ________（练习吹中国长笛）because it makes her relaxed.
The little boy ________（伸手去够）the book on the shelf, but he was too short.
________（虽然他们有很多不同之处），they still become good friends because they ________（乐于互相帮助）.
Every cloud has a ________（一线光明）—don't give up even when you face difficulties.
三、举一反三拓展
【短语搭配拓展】
“be + adj. + to do sth” 固定句型：
be glad to do sth 高兴做某事 → be ready to do sth 乐于做某事 → be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事请用以上句型造句：① ________________ ② ________________
“thanks” 相关短语辨析：
thanks for + doing（感谢做某事）→ 例：Thanks for helping me with my homework.
thanks to + 名词（归功于；由于）→ 例：Thanks to the good weather, we had a great picnic.请根据句意选择短语填空：① ________ your advice, I solved the problem successfully. ② ________ inviting me to the party—I had a wonderful time.
【同义短语替换】
take part in = join in（参加活动）→ 例：She joined in the English speech contest.
be different from = be not the same as（与…… 不同）→ 例：His hobby is not the same as mine.
work hard = study hard（努力学习 / 工作）→ 例：They study hard to get good grades.请将下列句子中的短语替换为同义短语：① Many students took part in the sports meeting last month. → ________________② My lifestyle is different from my sister's. → ________________
第二部分 词性转换精讲精练
一、知识点梳理
（一）核心变形规律总结
变形类型 例词（Unit3 重点） 规律总结
形容词→名词（抽象概念） shy → shyness / personal → personality / strong → strength 1. 以 “y” 结尾的形容词，变 y 为 i 加 - ness（shy → shyness，注意：happy → happiness 同规律）；2. 部分形容词加 - ity 变名词（personal → personality，类似：possible → possibility）；3. 特殊变化：strong → strength（去 g 加 - th）。
动词→名词（动作 / 执行者） perform → performance / performer / solve → solution / congratulate → congratulation 1. 动词加 - ance 变名词（perform → performance，类似：appear → appearance）；2. 动词加 - er/or 变 “执行者”（perform → performer，类似：teach → teacher）；3. 动词加 - tion 变名词（solve → solution，congratulate → congratulation，注意去 e）。
名词→形容词 / 副词 pleasure → pleased / pleasant / serious → seriously 1. 名词加 - ed 变 “人感到…… 的”（pleasure → pleased），加 - ant 变 “令人…… 的”（pleasure → pleasant）；2. 形容词加 - ly 变副词（serious → seriously，注意：以 “y” 结尾的形容词变 y 为 i 加 - ly，如 easy → easily）。
反义变形 appear → disappear 动词前加 dis - 表 “相反动作”（appear 出现 → disappear 消失，类似：agree → disagree，like → dislike）。
比较级变形 lazy → lazier 以 “y” 结尾的单音节形容词，变 y 为 i 加 - er（lazy → lazier，类似：happy → happier，busy → busier）；多音节形容词加 more（如 serious → more serious）。
（二）高频易错点提醒
“pleased/pleasant” 辨析：pleased 修饰 “人”（感到高兴的），例：I am pleased with the result.；pleasant 修饰 “物 / 事”（令人愉快的），例：a pleasant trip。
“perform/performance/performer” 拼写易错：performance 中间是 “or” 不是 “er”，performer 结尾是 “er”（执行者）。
“congratulation” 常用复数：congratulations on sth（祝贺某事），不可单独用单数（如：Congratulations! 固定用法）。
“disappear” 是动词（消失），不可误写为名词（名词形式为 disappearance），例：The sun disappeared behind the clouds.（正确）；The disappearance of the bird made us sad.（正确）。
二、分层练习（基础→提升→拓展）
（一）基础题：词形变化填空（直接变形，巩固规律）
Her ________（shy）made her afraid to speak in public, but she tried her best to overcome it.
The ________（perform）at the music festival was wonderful—everyone cheered loudly.
He is a famous ________（perform）who has acted in many movies.
We need to find a ________（solve）to this problem as soon as possible.
Please accept my ________（congratulate）on your success in the English exam.
It was a ________（please）talk with you—I learned a lot.
She felt ________（please）when she heard the good news.
He is a ________（serious）student who always listens carefully in class.
You should take this matter ________（serious）—it's very important.
The ________（personal）of a person is shaped by his family and environment.
The ________（strong）of teamwork helped us finish the task quickly.
The sun ________（appear）at dawn and ________（disappear）at dusk.
（二）提升题：语境选择（选择适当形式填空，灵活运用）
The ________（perform / performance）of the Chinese flute was so beautiful that everyone was moved.
She is a ________（pleased / pleasant）girl who always smiles at others.
I am ________（pleased / pleasant）to tell you that you have passed the exam.
He speaks ________（serious / seriously）about his future plans.
The ________（solve / solution）to the problem is not as difficult as we thought.
Her ________（shy / shyness）disappeared after she joined the school club.
This book is full of ________（person / personal）stories that touch people's hearts.
The ________（lazy / lazier）boy in class finally started to work hard.
We should learn from each other's ________（strong / strengths）to improve ourselves.
The magician made the rabbit ________（appear / disappear）in a second—it was amazing.
（三）拓展题：句型转换（根据要求改写句子，综合运用）
She is shy, so she doesn't like to talk to strangers.（改为名词形式作主语）→ ________ makes her dislike talking to strangers.
He performed perfectly at the music festival.（改为名词形式作主语）→ His ________ at the music festival was perfect.
The trip was pleasant, so we all enjoyed it.（改为形容词作表语修饰人）→ We all ________ ________ with the trip.
He takes his study seriously.（改为形容词形式作定语）→ He is a ________ student who studies hard.
We should solve this problem together.（改为名词形式）→ We should find a ________ to this problem together.
三、举一反三拓展
【规律迁移】根据 Unit3 变形规律，完成下列未学单词的变形：
happy（adj. 高兴的）→ ________（n. 快乐）/________（比较级 更高兴的）
agree（v. 同意）→ ________（n. 同意）/________（v. 不同意）
possible（adj. 可能的）→ ________（n. 可能性）/________（adj. 不可能的）请用以上单词造句：① ________________ ② ________________
【短语搭配拓展】用词性转换后的单词搭配短语：
形容词 + 名词：shy → a shy girl /pleasant → a pleasant temperature /personal → personal hobbies
副词 + 动词：seriously → take sth seriously /easily → solve problems easily
名词 + 介词：solution → a solution to sth /congratulation → congratulations on sth请完成下列搭配并造句：① a ________（strength 的形容词形式）team → ________________ ② ________（disappear 的名词形式）of the old building → ________________
【答案】
第一部分 核心短语
（一）基础题
1.encourage me to learn English 2. be afraid of speaking in public 3. win the first prize in the music competition 4. respect each other's differences 5. practice playing the Chinese flute in spare time 6. find a good method by accident 7. thanks to the teacher's help 8. have a lot in common with my good friend 9. 很高兴参加音乐节 10. 努力提升自己 11. 比较两幅画 12. 从彼此的优点中受益
（二）提升题
be afraid of（解析：used to 后接动词原形，结合语境 “过去害怕在课堂上说话”）
encourages me to（解析：主语为第三人称单数，encourage 变 encourages，后接 to do 结构）
won the first prize（解析：and 连接并列谓语，practiced 为过去式，win 变 won）
took part in（解析：last week 提示过去式，take 变 took）
Thanks to（解析：表 “归功于父母的支持”，后接名词短语，句首首字母大写）
by accident（解析：表 “意外遇见老同学”，固定短语）
have; in common（解析：主语为复数，用原形，表 “有很多共同之处”）
work hard（解析：if 引导的条件状语从句，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时，主语为 you，用原形）
is different from（解析：主语为单数，be 动词用 is，表 “与过去不同”）
lend a hand（解析：should 后接动词原形，表 “伸出援手”）
（三）拓展题
learn from each other; benefit from each other's strengths（解析：and 连接并列短语，用原形）
In her spare time; practice playing the Chinese flute（解析：“在业余时间” 为 in one's spare time，“练习做某事” 为 practice doing sth）
reached for（解析：根据后半句时态，用过去式 reached）
Although they have many differences; are ready to help each other（解析：“虽然” 用 although，“乐于做某事” 为 be ready to do sth）
silver lining（解析：习语 “一线光明”，固定搭配）
第二部分 词性转换
（一）基础题
shyness（解析：shy 变名词，变 y 为 i 加 -ness）
performance（解析：perform 变名词 “表演”，加 -ance）
performer（解析：perform 变 “表演者”，加 -er）
solution（解析：solve 变名词 “解决方案”，加 -tion）
congratulations（解析：congratulate 变名词，常用复数形式）
pleasant（解析：修饰物 talk，用 “令人愉快的”，加 -ant）
pleased（解析：修饰人 she，用 “感到高兴的”，加 -ed）
serious（解析：修饰名词 student，用形容词形式）
seriously（解析：修饰动词 take，用副词形式，加 -ly）
personality（解析：personal 变名词 “个性”，加 -ity）
strength（解析：strong 变名词 “优点；力量”，特殊变化）
appears; disappears（解析：主语为单数，动词变第三人称单数形式）
（二）提升题
performance（解析：表示 “表演”，用名词形式）
pleasant（解析：修饰人 girl，表 “令人愉快的”，用 pleasant）
pleased（解析：修饰人 I，表 “感到高兴的”，用 pleased）
seriously（解析：修饰动词 speaks，用副词形式）
solution（解析：表示 “解决方案”，用名词形式）
shyness（解析：作主语，用名词形式）
personal（解析：修饰名词 stories，用形容词形式 “个人的”）
lazier（解析：表示 “更懒的男孩”，用比较级形式）
strengths（解析：表示 “优点”，用名词复数形式）
disappear（解析：根据语境 “魔术师让兔子消失”，用动词 disappear）
（三）拓展题
Shyness（解析：shy 变名词作主语，首字母大写）
performance（解析：perform 变名词 “表演” 作主语）
were pleased（解析：pleased 修饰人，用 be pleased with 短语，过去式 were）
serious（解析：serious 作定语修饰 student，表 “认真的”）
solution（解析：solve 变名词 “解决方案”，a 后接单数）

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