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(共29张PPT)
Unit 1 Grammar
Predicative Clause
Activity 1: Lead in
observe and sense:(朗读并找出句子中的从句）
1. Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is what makes me satisfied.----Bill Gates
2.The next major explosion is going to be when genetics and computers come together.--Alvin Toffler
3.The doctor has been taught to be interested not in health but in disease. What the public is taught is that health is the cure for disease.---Ashley Montagu
Questions:
1. 你是根据什么来判断哪些是从句的？
2.这些从句分别是什么从句？
3.你是根据什么判断哪些从句是表语从句的？
在复合句中，位于_________之后，充当________的名词性从句称作_________。
Lead in
表语
表语从句
系动词
连系动词有:
状态类：be; seem, appear，remain, keep, stay
感官类：feel, look, sound, taste, smell;
变化类：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, fall;
prove, turn out.
What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.
The exact places Snow marked on the map were where all those who died had lived.
Snow’s finding was that the pump water carried cholera germs.
表语从句的概念
系动词
表语从句
Observe the sentences and think about what is a predicative clause.
系动词
表语从句
表语从句
系动词
Activity 2:
1.表语从句的引导词有哪些？2.如何确定表语从句的引导词？
表语从句的引导词
连词
在从句中不作成分
连接代词
在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语
连接副词
在从句中作状语
that, whether, as if, as though, because,
what/whatever, which/whichever
who/whoever,
whom, whose
when, where, why, how
根据句子结构和句意选择引导词
引导词在表语从句中充当的成分 引导词 备注
主语 who( 谁）, what（什么，...的...，多么）, which(哪个）, whoever（任何人，无论谁）, whatever（任何东西）, whichever（无论哪个） 根据句意选择
(翻译法）
宾语，表语 whom（谁）, who（谁）, which（哪个）, what（什么）, whoever, whatever, whichever 引导词在表语从句中充当的成分 引导词 备注
定语 whose（谁的）, what（什么）, which（哪个） 根据句意选择
(翻译法）
状语 when（ ...的时候，什么时候), where(...的地方，哪儿）, why（...的原因，为什么）, how（...的方式，怎样，多么） 不充当成分 that, whether（是否）, as if/though（似乎，好像）, because（因为）
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was ______ bad air caused the disease. The other was ______ cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. (Para. 2)
The truth was (that the water (from the Broad Street pump )had been infected by waste).
一、that 引导的表语从句
that
Observe and Discover
that
Summary
that _________ 意义，在表语从句中 _________ 成分,起_________ 作用，_________ 省略。
无
Observe and Discover
不充当
连接
不能
The question is _________ we can rely on him. He often tells lies.
The question is _________ we can finish the task on time, for we have only three days left.
二、whether 引导的表语从句
whether
Observe and Discover
whether
思考：可以用“if”来引导吗？
Summary
连接词 whether 起 _________ 作用，意为“__________________” ，在句中也不作任何成（注意：if _________ 引导表语从句分)。
连接
Observe and Discover
是否、究竟、到底
不能
Tom is no longer _________ he used to be.
The question is _________ of us should come first. (我们两个中的哪一个)
The problem is _________ is really fit for the hard job.
The important thing is _________ name should be put on the top of the list.
This book is just ________I want to buy
三、what, which, who, whom, whose 等引导的表语从句
what
Observe and Discover
which
who
whose
what
Summary
连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose 除在句子中起 _________ 作用外，还可在从句中作 _________、________ 或 _________，且各有词义。
连接
Observe and Discover
主语
表语
定语
That’s _________ I can’t agree with you.
This is _________ Sara was late for the meeting.
This is _________ they overcome the difficulties.
My strongest memory is _________ I attended an American wedding as a child.
四、where, when, why, how 引导的表语从句
where
Observe and Discover
why
how
when
Summary
连接副词 where, when, why, how 除在句中起_________ 作用外，在从句中还充当_________、 _________、 _________ 或 _________状语，本身具有词义。
连接
Observe and Discover
时间
地点
方式
原因
It seems __________________ he doesn’t know the answer.
It looks __________________ it is going to rain.
五、as if / as though 引导的表语从句
as if / as though
Observe and Discover
as if / as though
as if / as though 引导的表语从句常置于_________look, seem, sound, be, become 等_________。
Summary
系动词
后面
1. The reason why he is late for school is _________ he missed the bus.
2. Why we decided to put off the football match is _________ the weather was too bad.
易错点:
that
Observe and Discover
that
当主句的主语是 ________________ 或 why 引导的 __________时常用 ________ 来引导表语从句，而不用 because。
the reason
主语从句
that
3. I think that’s _________ he was so angry.
4. I think it is _________ you are doing too much.
why
Observe and Discover
because
“that / this / it + is / was why + _________ (原因 / 结果) …”是表示“_________________________”
“ that / this / it / is / was because + _________ (原因 / 结果) …”是表示“_________________________”
这 / 那就是……的原因
原因
这 / 那就是因为……
结果
5. The reason _________ he was so late is _________ it was raining hard.
why
Observe and Discover
that
“ the reason why … is that …” 中 why 是引导 _________，that 引导的是 _________，表示“__________________”。
表语从句
定语从句
……的原因是……
6. My suggestion is that we ____________ (go) and help him.
7. My advice is that we ____________ (get) there by train.
(should) go
Observe and Discover
(should) get
当主句的主语是表示建议（suggestion, advice）、命令（order）、要求（request, proposal）、等的名词时，表语从句要用虚拟语气，即（should）+ 动词原形。
Ⅲ
Practice and Apply
1. My worry is if he can get there on time.
2. The reason why he failed was because he hadn’t studied hard.
3. My advice is that he sees the doctor right away.
4. The trouble is what we are short of money.
that
Activity 3: Practice and Apply
Task 1 Error correction
whether
that
see
即学即练
Practice and Apply
Task 2 Words of wisdom
Complete the following ideas by famous scientists with a word or expression that introduces a predicative clause and translate them in your own words.
1. Research is _________ I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m doing. (Werner von Braun)
what
研究就是当我不知道自己在做什么的时候我在做的事。
即学即练
p62.as though because that what whoever why
Practice and Apply
2. The saddest aspect of life right now is _________ science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom. (Isaac Asimov)
that
当下生活最可悲的一面就是科学积累知识的速度超过了社会积累智慧的速度。
3. An expert can be _________ has made all the mistakes that can be made in a very narrow field. (Niles Bohr)
专家可能是在一个非常狭窄的领域里犯了所有可能犯的错误的人。
whoever
即学即练
Practice and Apply
4. When different experiments give you the same result, it is no longer subject to your opinion. That’s the good thing about science: It is true whether or not you believe in it. That’s _________ it works. (Neil deGrasse Tyson)
why
当不同的实验呈现出相同的结果时，它就不再受制于你的意见。这就是科学的好处: 不管你信不信它都是真的。这就是科学工作的原理。
即学即练
Practice and Apply
5. This applied science, which saves work and makes life easier, brings us little happiness. That is _________ we have not yet learnt to make sensible use of it! (Albert Einstein)
because
这种节约工作量，使生活更容易的应用科学，给我们带来的快乐很少。那是因为我们还没有学会合理地利用它!
即学即练
6. There are only two ways to live your life. One is ____________ nothing is a miracle. The other is ____________ everything is a miracle. (Albert Einstein)
你的生活只有两种方式。一种是好像什么都不是奇迹。另一种是好像一切都是奇迹。
as though
as though
Activity 4:语篇练习 P 5 --3
A: Absolutely. You may not believe it, but that was________ happened at the initial stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
B:Yes,it is.And it seemed___________ all the theories were useful, but the fact was_________ we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
C: Exactly. The problem was not about__________ all our theories were equally good, but in deciding___________ theory to depend upon.
D:We realised that what we cared about was not ______________aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather____________ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
E:You're right.At last, we became focused on the key issue,which was _________we had to carry out the research in the first place.
what
as if
that
whether
what/ which
what/which
how
why
Maria: This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.
David: A_____________________________________
Maria: With your theoretical framework
David:__________________________________
Maria: Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance David:___________________________________
Maria: This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.
David:___________________________________
Maria: So what happened in the end
David:________________________________________
Absolutely. You may not believe it, but that was________ happened at the initial stage
of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
C. Exactly. The problem was not about__________ all our theories were equally good, but in deciding___________ theory to depend upon.
B.Yes,it is.And it seemed___________ all the theories were useful, but the fact was_________ we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another.
E:You're right.At last, we became focused on the key issue,which was _________we had to carry out the research in the first place.
D:We realised that what we cared about was not ______________aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather____________ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!

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