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课 题 8A U1-8 Word power总结归纳
教学目标 掌握1 - 8单元各类词缀及合成法知识 能正确运用所学进行词性转换与单词构成
重难点透视 掌握各单元词缀规则与合成法构成 灵活准确运用知识于单词变化
知识点剖析
序号 知识点 预估时间 掌握情况
1 1-8单元Word power词缀用法总结 35 min
2 针对性练习巩固 20 min
教 学 内 容
后缀 -ful & -less（派生法：名词→形容词）
核心规则：加在名词后，改变词性为形容词，不改变词根核心含义
含义区分：①-ful 表“充满……的、具有……性质的”；②-less 表“没有……的、缺乏……的”（二者多为反义）
如：care→careful（细心的）/careless（粗心的）；hope→hopeful（有希望的）/hopeless（无望的）；
use→useful（有用的）/useless（无用的） ；cheer→cheerful（愉快的）/cheerless（闷闷不乐的
后缀 -ian, -ese, -ish, -n（派生法：国家/地区名词→人/语言/属性词）
核心规则：加在国家、地区或城市名词后，构成表“某国人、该国语言、具有该国/地区属性”的名词或形容词
后缀特点：
ian（多接辅音结尾国家名）：
Canada→Canadian（加拿大人/语/加拿大的）、Italy→Italian（意大利人/语/意大利的）；
ese（接部分亚洲国家名，单复数同形）：
China→Chinese（中国人/语/中国的）、Japan→Japanese（日本人/语/日本的）；
-ish（接部分欧洲国家名）：
Spain→Spanish（西班牙人/语/西班牙的）、England→English（英国人/语/英国的）；
-n（接元音结尾国家名）：
America→American（美国人/语/美国的）、India→Indian（印度人/语/印度的）
后缀 -er, -or, -ist，-ian（派生法：动词/名词→表“人”的名词）
核心规则：加在动词后表“从事该动作的人”，加在名词后表“从事该领域活动/职业的人”
后缀分工：
-er（通用型，最常用）：
print→printer（印刷工）、work→worker（工人）、dance→dancer（舞者）；
-or（多接拉丁/法语源动词）：
invent→inventor（发明家）、act→actor（演员）、visit→visitor（访客）；
-ist（接学科、艺术等领域名词/动词，表专业人士/爱好者）：
science→scientist（科学家）、tour→tourist（游客）、art→artist（艺术家）、piano→pianist（钢琴家）
-ian（派生法：名词→表‘人’的名词）：
music→musician（音乐家）、magic→magician（魔术师），logic→logician（逻辑学家）
前缀 un-, in-, im-（派生法：形容词→否定形容词）
核心规则：加在形容词前，改变词义为否定（表“不…非…”），不改变词性；部分可加在动词前表“相反动作”
前缀选择规则：
un-（通用前缀，适用范围最广）:lucky→unlucky（不幸的）、happy→unhappy（不开心的）、usual→unusual （不寻常的）、lock→unlock（解锁，动词相反动作）
in-（接以c、r、t等辅音开头的形容词）: correct→incorrect（不正确的）、complete→incomplete（不完整的）、direct→indirect（间接的）；
im-（接以p、m、b开头的形容词，避免发音冲突）:possible→impossible（不可能的）、polite→impolite（不礼貌的）、patient→impatient（不耐烦的）
后缀 -ing, -ness, -ion（派生法：动词/形容词→名词）
核心规则：通过后缀将动词（表动作）或形容词（表性质）转化为名词，体现“动作、状态、结果或性质”
后缀含义：
-ing（表动作过程或状态，动词直接加，重读闭音节双写尾字母，去e加）:
mean→meaning（含义）、hunt→hunting（狩猎）、run→running（跑步）、write→writing（写作）；
-ness（表性质或状态，形容词直接加）:
ill→illness（疾病）、happy→happiness（幸福）、sad→sadness（悲伤）、kind→kindness（善良）；
-ion（表动作结果或过程，动词去e加，部分改t为ss加）
act→action（行动）、invite→invitation（邀请）、permit→permission（允许）、educate→education（教育）
后缀 -y（派生法：名词→形容词）
核心规则：加在名词后,转化为形容词，表“充满…的、多…的、具有…特征的”，常用来描述天气、外貌、味道等
拼写变化：
直接加：cloud→cloudy（多云的）、wind→windy（有风的）、sun→sunny（晴朗的）；
变ie为y加：luck→lucky（幸运的）、noise→noisy（吵闹的）；
去e加：ice→icy（结冰的）、shine→shiny（闪亮的）；
补充：rain→rainy（下雨的）、health→healthy（健康的）、taste→tasty（美味的）
后缀 -ly（派生法：形容词/名词→副词/形容词）
用法1：形容词→副词（核心用法），表“……地”（方式、程度、频率）；
拼写规则：一般直接加，辅音+y结尾改i加，去e加
用法2：名词→形容词，表“每……的、具有……性质的”，直接加后缀
(分类)：①形容词→副词：careful→carefully（仔细地）、quick→quickly（快速地）、easy→easily（容易地）、
true→truly（真正地）、brave→bravely（勇敢地）；
②名词→形容词：friend→friendly（友好的）、week→weekly（每周的）、day→daily（日常的）、
father→fatherly（父亲般的）
复合词（合成法：多词组合→新词）
核心规则：将两个或多个独立单词直接连写、用连字符连接或分开写，组合成新的名词、形容词等（本单元重点为复合名词）
常见组合类型：
名词+名词（最常见）：thunderstorm（雷暴）、teamwork（团队合作）、classroom（教室）、
newspaper（报纸）、postcard（明信片）；
名词+动词：earthquake（地震）、sunrise（日出）、snowfall（降雪）；
动词+名词：passport（护照）、playground（操场）、breakfast（早餐）、pickpocket（小偷）；
形容词+名词：whiteboard（白板）、software（软件）、greenhouse（温室）、highway（公路）；
动词-ing+名词：reading room（阅览室）、living room（客厅）；
副词+名词：overcoat（大衣）、afternoon（下午）.
【练习巩固】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Our friendship is just like this kite—______ (colour) and strong forever.
2. The ______ (speak) on stage is my English teacher.
3. Speaking loudly in public is ______ (polite).
4. Nanjing is a ______ (beauty) city with a long history.
5. We have ______ (month) tests on each subject.
6. I have a ______ (Canada) friend. We often talk with each other.
7. It is ______ (like) that she will be late for a minute.
8. The rich man is ______ (kind). He never helps others.
9. There are many foreign ______ (visit) in our school today.
10. Look, it's ______ (snow) outside. Let's go out and play with the snow.
11. When you make a decision, you must be ______ (care).
12. I can't understand the ______ (mean) of all the new words.
13. “Oh, my god, the kite is broken and ______ (use) now,” she said.
puter is one of the greatest ______ (invent) in the world.
15. It's fine and ______ (cloud) afternoon. They sat on the grass in the park.
16. Wild animals which are now in danger need our ______ (protect).
17. —Do you want to become a painter in the future, Leo —Maybe. I am still young. The possibilities are ______ (end).
18. Mrs. Smith's ______ (kind) made everyone in the room feel warm and welcome.
19. It is ______ (careful) of Linda to mistake my bag for hers.
20. People around the world may use different body language to show the same ______ (feel).
21. My dream is to be a ______ (science) when I grow up.
22. I didn't go to the party because of ______ (sick).
23. The ______ (report) is reporting important news about the war.
24. Please tell me all the ______ (win) names. I want to introduce them.
25. At times, the pet ______ (own) find it difficult to train their pets.
26. My sister works as a wedding ______ (plan) and creates beautiful events.
27. I want to be a ______ (piano) because I like to play the piano best and I practise it every day.
28. Listen ______ (careful) and you will hear the whisper.
29. How ______ (happy) they are flying kites in the park.
30. Try your best and you'll pass the exam ______ (easy).
31. Look at this ______ (love) girl. She comes from Yancheng.
32. —Lucy, I'm making ______ (Russia) soup. Can you get me some salt —OK, Mum! How much salt do you need
33. —Do you like the ______ (week) talk show, *The Reader*, on CCTV —Sure. It's a great TV programme that brings the habit of reading back into the public.
34. We ______ (China) are so proud of the successful launch of Shenzhou - 20.
35. Our teacher is ______ (bad) ill. We should send her to the nearest hospital at once.
36. Liu Hao wants to improve his spoken ______ (England) by reading aloud.
37. Tony is ______ (friend) to everyone and many people like making friends with him.
38. He turned off the TV very ______ (quick) when he heard the sound of opening the door.
39. It's ______ (possible) for him to do so much work in two days.
40. Don't wear ______ (comfortable) shoes. They are bad for your feet.
41. Your pronunciation is ______ (correct). You should practice more.
42. The sentence is ______ (important). You only need to look through it.
43. Your education will be ______ (complete) if you don't have practical life skills.
44. They got ______ (patient) and wanted someone to go out and see what was happening.
45. We were all ______ (certain) about the meaning of the word. So we asked our teacher for help.
46. When Mark went home, he was surprised to direct what ______ (usual) happened.
47. I think people in poor countries need ______ (health) care most.
48. He likes staying up late. So he often feels ______ (sleep) in class.
49. People don't like ______ (fog) days. They can't see anything clearly on the road.
50. I hate ______ (rain) days. It's wet everywhere, and I will have to take my umbrella.
51. It's ______ (cloud). Can't you see the clouds in the sky They look like sheep and cotton.
52. “Good luck!” We say to the ______ (luck) dog.
53. It's ______ (wind) and the children are flying kites.
54. Chocolate tastes good and ice cream is ______ (taste).
55. Your shoes are always so ______ (shine). What do you do to them
56. For most ______ (America), seven is a lucky number.
57. ______ (Spain) is spoken as the official language in Cuba (古巴).
58. In the 13th century, an I______ man called Marco Polo visited China.
二、选择题
1. Which of the following suffixes is usually used to form an adjective
A. -tion B. -less C. -or D. -ness
2. —Which of the following words is NOT a compound word —______.
A. Grandson B. Careless C. Railway D. Rainstorm
3. Which of the following words is a compound word like “wartime”
A. impatient B. schoolwork C. German D. carelessness
4. Which of the following suffixes (后缀) means "full of"
A. -able B. -full C. -en D. -less
5. A number of ______ are talking about those ______.
A. Frenchmans, Germans B. Frenchmen, Germen C. Frenchmen, Germans D. Frenchmans, Germen
6. “Li Ming, ______ your homework first, and you can watch TV for 30 minutes,” said his mum.
A. does B. did C. do D. done
7. Which of the following words can't be added a prefix "im-" to
A. polite B. patient C. active D. possible
8. Although Jim failed ______ the early bus, he managed ______ on time.
A. catching; arriving B. to catch; to arrive C. catching; to arrive D. to catch; arriving
9. Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “kindness”
A. rubber B. uncertain C. railway D. action
10. Which of the following words can be added with the suffix (后缀) “-y”
A. end B. use C. cloud D. meaning
11. The suffix (后缀) “-y” in the word “windy” means _______.
A. full of B. out of C. having the quality of D. without
12. —How's the weather —It's_______. We all go out and enjoy the sunshine.
A. rainy B. cloudy C. sunny D. snowy
13. —What do you think of the new movie —It's pretty______. I couldn't stop laughing when I watched it.
A. funny B. boring C. terrible D. relaxing
14. The suffix in the word healthy means “______________”.
A. not B. full of C. without D. having the quality of
15. —Lily, I took the driverless bus this morning. —Where No drivers That's amazing! I can ______ imagine that.
A. hardly B. quickly C. probably D. certainly
16. The new food shop ______ our home. Let's buy some milk there!
A. is closed to B. is close to C. is far from D. is ready to
17. Which word ______ is created in the same way as “blackboard” They are both compound words (合成词).
A. careful B. impolite C. illness D. gentleman
18. Which of the following words is a compound word (合成词)
A. Healthy B. Passport C. Illness D. Helpful
19. Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “driveway”
A. invention B. necessary C. unlucky D. playground
20. Which of the following words is created in the same way as “earthquake”
A. changeable B. tearful C. sunshine D. laughter
21. Which of the following is NOT a compound word
A. blackboard B. pancake C. railway D. meaningless
22. Which of the following is a compound (复合的) word just like “railway”
A. unhappy B. headache C. careless D. building
23. In the words hopeful and meaningful, the suffix “-ful” means ______.
A. no B. without C. full of D. very
答案：
1. colourful 2. speaker 3. impolite 4. beautiful 5. monthly 6. Canadian 7. likely 8. unkind 9. visitors 10. snowing
careful 12. meaning 13. useless 14. inventions 15. cloudless 16. protection 17. endless 18. kindness 19. careless 20. feeling
scientist 22. sickness 23. reporter 24. winners' 25. owners 26. planner 27. pianist 28. carefully 29. happily 30. easily
31.lovely 32. Russian 33. weekly 34. Chinese 35. badly 36. English 37. friendly 38. quickly 39. impossible 40. uncomfortable
41.incorrect 42. unimportant 43. incomplete 44. impatient 45. uncertain 46. unusual 47. healthy 48. sleepy 49. foggy 50. rainy
cloudy 52. lucky 53. windy 54. tasty 55. shiny
1~5 B B B D C； 6~10 C C B D C； 11~15 C C A D A ；16~20 B D B D C ；21~23 D B C

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