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(共28张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 1
Festivals and Celebrations
Learning Objectives
PART. 01
Understand the daily study and life of British middle school students by watching videos. Based on your own daily study and life, compare the study and life in Chinese and British schools, and find out the similarities and differences between the two. Talk about your first impression of high school life, and have a preliminary perception of the study and life in the senior high school stage.
Learning Objectives
Master the functions of the -ing form (as attribute/predicative) by analyzing festival-related sentences, and apply it to complete passages about global festivals. Understand exchange students’ festival posts, discuss favorite festivals, and describe festival activities using the -ing form.
Explore diverse global festivals and their core activities, understanding how different cultures express joy and connection through celebrations.
Break down the grammatical functions of the -ing form in festival contexts, and identify key features of various global festivals from texts/posts. Reflect on the unique values of distinct festivals and their roles in cultural identity.
Work in groups to discuss festival -ing form examples and favorite festivals, learning from peers’ language usage and cultural insights. Analyze -ing form functions, complete festival passages, and research global festival activities, taking ownership of learning grammar and cultural content.
Understand the daily study and life of British middle school students by watching videos. Based on your own daily study and life, compare the study and life in Chinese and British schools, and find out the similarities and differences between the two. Talk about your first impression of high school life, and have a preliminary perception of the study and life in the senior high school stage.
Teaching Focuses and Anticipated Difficulties
Master the functions of the -ing form as attribute and predicative via festival-related sentences, apply it to complete festival passages, and describe festival activities with the -ing form.
Breaking down the grammatical functions of the -ing form in festival contexts accurately, and linking the -ing form to the description of global festival activities properly.
Discovering Useful Structure
PART. 02
Read the sentences below and discuss the functions and meanings of the italicised -ing form.
These lanterns are amazing.
During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.
Families celebrating the Chinese New Year can enjoy exciting dragon dances and carnivals together.
the -ing form as the predicative
the -ing form as the attribute before the noun
the -ing form as the attribute after the noun and the -ing form as the attribute before the noun
Find more examples from the unit.
I think the Rio Carnival would be the most exciting.
It’ll be too tiring to walk or dance for a long time in those shoes.
Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children, in spite of its religious origins.
the -ing form as the predicative
the -ing form as the attribute before the noun
the -ing form as the predicative
The -ing form as the predicative and the attribute
一、非谓语动词概述
非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，共有三类：不定式、分词（现在分词、过去分词）和动名词。
非谓语动词在句中不可单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制，它在句中可以用作其他成分，如主语、宾语、表语等。
二、非谓语动词形式
不定式 现在分词 过去分词
一般式 to do doing done
一般被动式 to be done being done 无
完成式 to have done having done 无
被动完成式 to have been done having been done 无
三、动词-ing形式作定语
1. 单个动词-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词前，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。
building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水
a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室
a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台
2. 动词-ing形式短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
The man standing there is Peter’s father.=The man who is standing there is Peter’s father.
站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
3. 动词-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。
His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他哥哥住在北京，是一名教师。
4. 某些动词-ing形式作定语时，不再表示动作，已经变成了形容词词性。
an interesting story 一个有趣的故事 an exciting match 一场激动人心的比赛
5. 若单个的动词-ing形式修饰的词为those, something, everything, nothing 等代词时，则-ing形式要放在其后。
I am looking for something interesting to read during the vacation.
我正在找一些有趣的东西在假期读。
Those remaining will have to wait for the next bus. 剩下的那些人得等下一班公交车。
6. 如果现在分词表示习惯意义，如人的国籍、职业、事物的客观存在等，转换为定语从句则用一般时态。
The man wearing a uniform works in the hospital.
= The man who wears a uniform works in the hospital.
穿制服的那个男人在这家医院工作
7. 现在分词作定语时，如果被修饰词与其是被动关系，则要用被动式 being done，表示正在被做。
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.
我们必须对这里正在讨论的事情保密。
The song being broadcast is very popular. 正在播放的这首歌很受欢迎。
注意：在下列情况下，不能用现在分词作定语，应使用定语从句。
（1）如果作定语的动词所表示的动作已经发生，或者与句子谓语动词表示的动作不在同一个时间范围，应使用定语从句，不能用现在分词作定语。
The girl winning the competition yesterday is my deskmate.
The girl who won the competition yesterday is my deskmate.
昨天赢得比赛的那个女孩是我的同桌。
（2）现在分词的完成式主要表示动作早于谓语动词发生，用来作状语，不能作定语。
The trees having been planted last year have grown very tall.
The trees that were planted last year have grown very tall.
去年种的那些树已经长得很高了。
8. 动词-ing形式与过去分词作定语的区别
Do you know the boy playing basketball on the playground
你认识那个在操场上打篮球的男孩吗？
The broken window was repaired yesterday. 那扇被打碎的窗户昨天修好了。
This is a reading room for students. 这是一间学生阅览室。
The closed door kept the room warm. 关着的门让房间保持温暖。
对比维度 动词-ing 形式（现在分词）作定语 过去分词（done）作定语
逻辑关系 被修饰词是动作的发出者（主动关系） 被修饰词是动作的承受者（被动关系）
时间状态 表正在进行或习惯性 / 客观属性 表被动完成或状态延续
核心含义 主动、进行 / 属性 被动、完成 / 状态
四、动词-ing形式作表语
1. 动词的-ing 形式作表语用来说明主语的内容。一般用来表示主语的某种性质和状态，当与主语是同一概念的时候，主语与表语的位置可以互换。此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性。
Her lifelong passion is dancing. 她毕生的热爱是跳舞。
（一般来说，表示比较抽象、一般的行为时多用动词的-ing形式作表语；表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式作表语。有时两者都可以用，没有什么差别。）
What the city needs is improving public transportation. = What the city needs is to improve public transportation. 这座城市需要的是改善公共交通。
2. 动词的不定式和动词的-ing 形式作表语的区别
动词的不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作；动词的-ing形式作表语强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。
My task today is to finish this report.
我今天的任务是完成这份报告。→（一次性、具体的今日任务）
Her career is designing websites. 她的职业是设计网站。→（长期、抽象的职业内容）
3. 动词的-ing 和-ed 形式作表语的区别
-ing形式说明主语的特征，-ed形式说明主语的状态。
That movie is boring. 那部电影很无聊。→（说明电影 “令人无聊” 的特征）
I felt bored during the movie. 看电影时我觉得无聊。→（说明 “我” 处于 “无聊” 的状态）
4. 动词的-ing 形式作表语和用于进行时的区别
动名词作表语说明主语“是什么”，现在分词作表语说明主语的特征。动词的-ing形式用于正在进行时，说明主语正在执行的动作。
My job is designing creative advertisements.
我的工作是设计创意广告。→（动名词 “designing...” 说明主语 “工作内容是什
么” ，表抽象、长期的职业本质）
The team is solving a critical technical problem.
团队正在解决一个关键技术问题。→（进行时 “is solving...” 说明主语 “正在执
行的紧急动作” ，表当下行为 ）
Read the following messages posted by some exchange students on an Internet forum. Underline the -ing form used as the attribute or the predicative.
as the attribute before the noun
as the predicative
as the attribute before the noun
as the attribute after the noun
as the attribute before the noun
as the attribute after the noun
Black Friday
Thanksgiving in the United States is always on the fourth Thursday in November. However, the holiday is in fact a four-day holiday, lasting from Thursday through Sunday. On Thanksgiving Day itself, almost everything in America is closed — all restaurants, shops, museums, and even most gas stations and many convenience stores. The next day, Friday, all of the stores open early and have big sales. This is considered the first shopping day for Christmas — the first day when most people begin buying Christmas presents. Since most people are on holiday that day, the stores are completely packed with people, sometimes resulting in complete chaos and mayhem.
Cultural Notes
Complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.
La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bu ol every August. I think many food festivals are _________ because people are just eating. However, this festival is ___________ because people don’t actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! The number of people _________ part in this tomato fight can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very _________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _________ thing is how clean Bu ol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. This is because the juice from tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!
interesting
boring
taking
exciting
amazing
Rewrite the sentences by changing the -ing forms
phrases into the relative clauses.
1. A doctor is a person looking after people's health.
_________________________________________________________________
2. The river running through the center of the city was polluted seriously.
_________________________________________________________________
3. The train ran over and killed a boy crossing the track.
_________________________________________________________________
4. We should not make great noises in the reading room.
_________________________________________________________________
A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.
The river which was running through the center of the city was polluted seriously.
We should not make great noises in the room that is used for reading.
The train ran over and killed a boy who was crossing the track.
Exercise
PART. 03
1. Online _________ (shop) websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.
2. The plot of the drama was so ___________ (absorb) that the girl was attracted by it.
3. The new bridge, __________ (measure) 50 meters across, can accommodate 10 lanes of traffic.
4. In modern society, there are an increasing number of problems _________ (arise) from the lack of communication.
5. What worries me most is her _________ (stay) too late every night.
Exercise: 用所给词的适当形式填空
shopping
absorbing
measuring
arising
staying
1. 目前形势令人惊恐。The present situation _______________________.
2. 这个问题正在会上讨论。 This question _____________________ at the meeting.
3. 我妹妹的爱好是玩游戏。 My sister's hobby is _____________________.
4. 他提了一个令人难堪的问题。 He asked _________________________.
5. 你知道来参加晚会的人数吗？
Do you know the number of people _____________________.
Exercise: 用动词-ing形式完成句子
is being discussed
is terrifying
an embarrassing question
playing games
coming to the party
Summary
PART. 04
添加标题
ADD THE TITLE HERE
Discovering Useful Structure
非谓语动词概述
动词-ing形式作定语和表语
非谓语动词形式
动词-ing形式作定语
动词-ing形式作表语
Homework
PART. 05
Summarize the usage of the -ing form as the attribute and the predicative.
Homework
See you next class!

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