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9BUnit2 中考复习讲义
一、四会单词
1. 发明v. invent 发明者inventor 2. 斗士 fighter
3. 欧洲/ 欧洲人Europe/European 4. 俄国/ 俄罗斯人 Russia/Russian
5. 飞行员 pilot 6. 服务 vt. serve 7. 控制 control
8. 命令n. order 9. 太平洋的Pacific 10. (使)着陆，降落 land
11. 走，跨步vi. step 12. 表面 surface 13. 骄傲 pride
14. 章节，段落 passage 15. 数学 mathematics 16. 科学家 scientist
17. 实验室 laboratory=lab 18. 发现n. discovery 19. 未知的 unknown
20. 广泛地 widely 21. 优势 advantage 22. 增加 increase
23. 发展n. development
三、词形变化
1. invent (名词) _inventor___invention_ director visitor collector survivor
2. fight (名词) __fighter_ fought (过去式) fought (过去分词)
3. Europe (形容词) __European____ 4. Russia (形容词) ___Russian__________
5. serve (名词) __service___________ 6. know(形容词) known unknown
7. proud (名词) ___pride__________ 8. science (名词) __scientist___________
9. discover (名词) ___discovery__________ 10. step (现在分词/ 过去式) _____________
11. develop (名词) __development__ (发展中的)__developing (发达的) __developed___
12. produce(名词) product 产品 production产量
二、必背短语
1. 为非洲黑人的权利而斗争的战士 a fighter for the rights of black Africans
2. 创造了1,000多种发明 create over 1,000 inventions
3. 发现美洲的首批欧洲人之一 one of the first Europeans to discover America
4. 服役当飞行员 serve/ work/practise as a pilot
5. 成功将两个航天器交会对接 manage to join two spacecraft together
6. 缩短航程 cut the flight short
7. 跨出去到月球表面 step out onto the Moon’s surface
8. 测试各种类型的飞机 test all types of aircraft
9. 为了进一步的研究/信息/学习 for further research/ information/ study
10. 手工 by hand
11. 因为……的发明/随着……的发展 with the invention of/with the development of…
12. 看到人们死于饥饿 see people die of hunger
13. 推动……的使用 push for the use of…
14. 对于某人/某事有优势 have advantages over sb./sth.
利用 take advantage of
15. 碰巧做…… happen to do…
16. 因为……而自豪 be proud of/ take pride in
17. 睁大眼睛 open your eyes wide/ with eyes open wide
广泛使用/传播 use/ spread widely
反馈检测
词汇
It’s well-known that Qian Xuesen was one of the greatest s_____________ in China.
2. There are many useful things around us. But it’s a pity that we don’t know the names of most
i____________.
Tom says he plans to travel to several E_________ countries such as England ,Russia and
France this summer holiday.
They are able to focus on their achievements and take p___________ in themselves.
You can contact us on 8766 2323 for f information if you are interested in it.
On the s___________ of the earth, about three quarters is covered with water.
Recently, a Chinese spacecraft has successfully l________ on the far side of the moon, showing the rapid progress of our country's space exploration.
Now more and more schools care about the full d____________of the students’ talents.
9. As an experienced p________, Captain Liu Chuanjian successfully brought the plane down and saved all the passengers' lives.
10. One clear a of new energy vehicles is that they help reduce air pollution and protect our environment.
二、单项选择
( ) 1. —Tu Youyou received the Nobel Prize for her _______ of artemisinin(青蒿素)．
—And she is the first Chinese who won the prize in science.
A. design B. thought C. invention D. discovery
( ) 2．—Peter was picked out to be on the school volleyball team.
—His height gives him a big ________.
A．situation B．challenge C．achievement D．advantage
( ) 3. A new type of hybrid rice was _______ into the USA in 1979.
invented B. discovered C. introduced D. told
( )4. The number of students of this school _______ greatly in the last few years.
is increasing B. has increased C. are increasing D.have increased
( )5. —Who will be the winner of the drawing competition
—Nobody can know the result until it _______ tomorrow morning.
A. announces B. will announce C. is announced D. will be announced
( )6. —Mr. Sigmund, I get angry easily when my parents don’t agree with me.
—Please try to ________ yourself and learn to put yourself in their shoes.
A. contact B. control C. confirm D. consider
( ) 7．—Many young people are encouraged by the stories of role models of the times.
—Yes, and ________ we can learn from these role models can shape our future.
A．who B．which C．what D．whose
( ) 8. Look at the note on the right. Cindy writes ______.
Stella, We had planned to finish our school project together tomorrow morning, but my mum is going to take me to see the dentist. Is it OK that we could do it another time Please let me know. Cindy
A. to ask Stella to be on time B. to tell Stella to protect her teeth
C. to remind Stella to see the dentist D. to expect Stella to change the time
( ) 9．Look at the picture on the right. The picture explains ________.
A. what causes climate change B. why and how it rains
C. how the weather changes D. where the water comes from
( ) 10. — I'm afraid I can't do well in the sports meeting. I may let my classmates down.
— ______. You don't have to push yourself too hard.
Take it easy B. It's a pleasure C. Don't mention it D. I'm afraid not
三、词汇运用
The Quiet Fighter
Have you ever heard of Tu Youyou For many years, her name was 1 (know) to most people outside the scientific community. However, it is she who has saved 2
(million) of lives across the world.
Tu Youyou was a medical researcher and a quiet 3 (fight) against a deadly disease called malaria. In the 1960s, she 4 (give) a very important task: to find a cure. She and her team studied hundreds of ancient Chinese medical texts.
Finally, after countless experiments, a plant called sweet wormwood gave them hope. An effective substance against malaria was discovered by her team from this plant. This great 5
(discover) later became a medicine known as artemisinin. Since then, it has been 6 (wide) used around the globe. The large-scale(大规模) 7 (produce) of this medicine has made treatment affordable for many poor countries.
For her lifetime of hard work and 8 (serve) to humanity, Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2015. Her work has encouraged 9 (far) research into traditional medicines. Today, all Chinese people feel 10 (pride) of her achievements. She has shown that great contributions can come from quiet dedication.
1. __________ 2. __________ 3. ____________ 4. ___________ 5. ________________
6. _________ 7. _________ 8. ___________ 9. ___________ 10. ______________
四、短文填词
Do you ever find yourself doing something without thinking about it We do lots of things out of habit rather than for any good reason. Learning to c___1___ healthy new habits can help you to reach your goals.
What is a habit
A habit is something you do often, almost without thinking. Scientists say that habits are formed in the brain and i___2___ a cause, action and a reward. If you have a habit of watching TV when you get home from school, the cause would be coming home from school; the a___3___ is turning on the TV; and the reward might be the happy, relaxed feeling from watching your favorite program.
This good feeling makes you want to do the same thing after school the next day too, and over time it can become a h___4___.
How are habits good for you
Turning something into a habit means you don’t have to think about it, which is good news when it’s healthy. Good habits can help g___5___ against bad ones too, such as worrying. Sadie who is 11, finds her habit of playing with fidget toys (指尖玩具) r___6___ stress. “They help me relax, “she says. Scientists believe that nearly half of everything we do every day is out of habit, s___7___ forming helpful habits is also a great way to help you to reach your goals.
How can you start to build healthy new habits
Dr Radha Modgil notes that it’s important to think about why you want to change. “What exactly do you want to a ___8___ and how are you going to do it ” she asks. When it’s time to begin, “Try the 1% i___9___ where every day you improve or change something by 1%. That way you start to see p____10____ and you’re not put off by failure.” Remember that forming new habits isn’t always easy but it will be worth it in the end. “Changing habits can change your life,” says Modgil.
1. __________ 2. __________ 3. ____________ 4. ___________ 5. ________________
6. _________ 7. _________ 8. ___________ 9. ___________ 10. ______________
五、六选五
Most of us have learned the virtue(美德) of honesty from some stories. The story of Pinocchio teaches the importance of telling the truth to us. Every time Pinocchio lies, his nose grows longer. These types of stories show children that "honesty is the best". 36. ________ The fact is that people lie for many reasons.
One reason people lie is to hide a mistake. While it is true that everyone does something wrong from time to time, some people do not have the courage to admit their mistakes because they are afraid that the will be blamed(责备). For example, students might lie to their teachers about unfinished homework. They might say that they left the homework at home. 37. ________ These students do not want to get in trouble, so they make up an excuse.
38.________ Parents, particularly those with young children, may teach their children to use this type of "protective" lie in certain circumstances(状况). 39. ________ Many parents teach their children to explain that their mother and father are too busy to come to the phone at that time. In this situation, a protective lie can mean greater safety.
40.________ Lying to keep the peace or to stay safe can have positive results. However, lying to stay out of trouble can lead to more trouble in the end. Understanding the motives behind the impulse(冲动) to lie might minimize this habit of lying.
A. In fact, they did not do the homework at all.
B. But why do so many people lie
C. People lie for many reasons, both good and bad.
D. What should children do if a stranger calls while their parents are out
E. Another reason for lying has to do with self-protection.
F. The protective lies are useful and necessary for children.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
六、任务型阅读
Long ago, a wise man called Sunzi lived in the State of Wu. He was good at leading armies. He wrote a book called The Art of War. It is a short book with just around 6000 words. However, it has been very important for over 2000 years. It is not just about military strategies(策略) but it also has lessons about how to make decisions. The wise lessons can be used in many areas, such as international relations, business management and even sports. Let’s explore the main rules together.
Think about all the details
Sunzi begins by talking about the importance of strategy. War is a matter of life and death for a country. Leaders must consider all the details. For example, they have to decide if the people support a war. They must think about the skills of military leaders and the strength of soldiers. The weather and landscape are also important. For a successful result, there must be a plan. Without a plan, there is a chance that they might fail.
Follow the rules but use them creatively
Sunzi says that when there is conflict, both sides might be strong. To win, one side must surprise the enemy. In battle or challenge, it is important to do things in an unexpected way. That means a person should use rules creatively to solve difficult problems. They should think about new methods to combine strategies.
Focus on a quick victory
Sunzi says that winning a war quickly is important. A battle that continues for too long will make soldiers tired and worried. The enemy will take advantage of this and try to beat them. Sunzi believes that the best strategy is to find a way to win without using too much time. Focus on each task and solve problems as quickly as possible.
Fight without doing too much harm
Sunzi also talks about the wise way to fight. In war, the best way is to use correct strategies to stop the enemy’s plans in advance. The next best is to isolate the enemy from their supporting parties. The next in order is to beat their armies in the field. The worst choice is to attack their cities. The goal should always be to fight by doing as little harm as possible to the other country.
Peace is the best victory
Sunzi thinks that a country can fight to win every battle, but this might not be the best result. The war might destroy a lot of the country. Sunzi believes that true strength lies in winning without fighting. It brings peace and safety to the country and its people. A truly wise leader should keep this in mind.
The rules in this book are some of Sunzi’s key strategies for winning in war. But following rules without thinking will not bring a successful result. Every situation is different. Wise people apply( 运 用 ) the rules differently for each situation. To use the rules well is an art. As a result, the title of Sunzi’s book was translated as The Art of War.
1. Why has Sunzi’s book been important for over 2000 years
2. What must leaders consider according to Sunzi before starting a war
3. How should a person use the rules to solve difficult problems
4. Why was the title of Sunzi’s book translated as The Art of War
5. Which of Sunzi’s rules do you think you can apply in daily life Why

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