2025-2026学年人教版八年级上册英语语法讲解课件(共61张PPT)

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2025-2026学年人教版八年级上册英语语法讲解课件(共61张PPT)

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(共61张PPT)
Unit1
Happy Holiday
复合不定代词与副词
不定代词副词
one body thing where
some
any
no
every
someone somebody something somewhere
anyone anybody anything anywhere
no one nobody nothing nowhere
everyone everybody everything everywhere
复合不定代词和副词
不定代 词副词
one body thing where
some
any
no
every
someone somebody something somewhere
anyone anybody anything anywhere
no one nobody nothing nowhere
none
everyone everybody everything everywhere
所有带some的结构,都用于肯定句和表示建议性的句子之中。
所有带any的结构,都用于否定句/疑问句和条件句之中,也可勇与肯定句中。
所有带no的结构,都表示否定意义。
所有带every的结构,都表示所有的意义。
one 与body可以无缝切换
用法
作主语用单三,有形容词修饰它在前,some any恒久不变
(1)Everyone knows him.
(2)There is something wrong with my bike.
(3)重要的事情 something important
特别的地方 somewhere special
some肯定 any否定 疑问 条件 委婉语气和建议句式永不变
Is anybody here
Would you like something to drink
Anything is OK.
not every结构表示局部否定
not any结构表示全部否定
Not everything will go well.
Not everyone likes Jia Ling.
“not anything=nothing
He listened, but heard nothing.
He listened, but didn’t hear anything.
Unit2
Home Sweet Home
用于礼貌地提出 要求或请求
句式: Can/Could you please (not)do …? 请你(不)… 好吗?
肯定
回答
Sure./ Of course.
No problem.
With pleasure.
否定
回答
Sorry, I can’t. I have to…
Sorry, I‘m going to …
I’m afraid not.
I’m afraid I can’t. I have to…
—Could you please move the table
—Sure./Of course./Certainly.
—Can you water the flowers
—Sorry, I’m going to do my homework.
用于征求对方许可
句式: Can/Could I/ we do …? 我/我们能… 吗?
肯定
回答
Yes, you can.
Of course you can.
Yes, please.
否定
回答
Sorry, I can’t.
Sorry,I’m afraid you can’t.
—Could I have a look at your new bike
—Of course you can.
—Can we go out to eat dinner
—I’m afraid you can’t. You have to finish your homework.
注意:
无论是“Could you … ”还是“Could I… ”句型,
其答语中只能用can而不允许使用could。
句式中的please也可以放在句尾,但是前面要用逗点隔开。
其他提出建议的句式:
1. Let sb. do sth.
2. How/ What about doing sth
3.Why not do…/Why don/t you do …?
4.Would you like to do sth
5.Would you mind (not)doing sth
6.Shall we do sth
Unit3
Same or Different
形容词和副词的比较级
一.形容词
1.定义:是用来表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态的词。
2.用法:
A 作定语
She is a beautiful girl.
B 作表语
The room is big.
C 作补足语
We must keep the room clean.
I found the book interesting.
D 修饰不定代词放其后
I have something important to tell you.
Did you go anywhere special
二、副词
1、定义:指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。
2、用法
A 作状语修饰动词
We must study hard.
B 修饰形容词
He is really busy.
C 修饰其他副词
He works very hard.
D 修饰整个句子
Luckily, I got 100 points this term.
三、形容词和副词的级别
级别 原级 比较级
形容词 tall taller
副词 hard harder
四、比较级的定义
用于两者(人或事物)之间的同类项进行比较时,形容词和副词就用比较级。
比较级的使用注意事项:
第一就是 第二就是
I’m taller than you.
My hair is shorter than his/yours/hers/Tom’s.
两者
同类项
五.比较级的构成: 规则变化和不规则变化
规则变化
1.单音节词和部分双音节词
①一般情况在词尾加er
如: small,smaller
②以e结尾的词, 加-r
如: large,larger
③以辅音+y结尾的词, 变y为i,再在词尾加er
如: busy, busier
④以重读闭音节,双写辅音字母,再加er
如:big, bigger
2. 部分双音节词和多音节词的比较级的变化规则,在词前加more 
原级 比较级
useful more useful
interesting more interesting
3.不规则的形容词变化必须死记(好坏多少远老,共6个单词)
原级 比较级
good/ well better
bad/badly/ill worse
many/ much more
little less
far farther(距离)
further(深奥的)
old older(年龄)
elder(辈份)
六、形容词和副词比较级的用法
1.A+be /实义动词+比较级+than+B.
Tom is taller than Sam.
Tom sings better than Sam.
2.A+be /实义动词+as+原级+as+B
Tom is as tall as Sam.
Tom studies as well as Sam.
否定形式为 not as/so+原级+as
Tom’s hair isn’t as/so long as Sam’s.
Tom doesn’t sing as/so well as Sam.
3.Who/Which is +比较级,A or B 表示A和B哪一个更…
Who is taller,Tom or Sam
Which subject is more interesting,
English or Chinese
4.出现 of the two和of the twins时,用the +比较级
Alice is the more beautiful of the two.
He is the better of the twins.
5.比较级+ and+比较级 表示“越来越…”
It's getting colder and colder.
The city is getting more and more beautiful.
6. The+ 比较级…,the +比较级…”表示“越…,就越…
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
7.数量词+比较级+than+其他 表示 比… 多少
Times+比较级+than+其他 表示 比…多少倍
The room is three times larger than that one.
I’m two years older than you.
8.比较级+than any other+可数名词单数 表示 比任何别的一个都… 唯一可以和最高级互换的句式
He is better than any other student in our class.
The watch is cheaper than any other watch.
※※※注意:比较级前面可以加的修饰词有: much、 far、a lot 、even、 still、 a little、 a bit等,而 very 、so、 too 、quite等只能修饰形容词原级。※※※
Our city is much more beautiful than yours.
I’m a little taller than you.
He is even later than before.
The book is very boring.
I’m too late.
Unit4
Amazing Plants and Animals
形容词和副词的级别
三级 原级 比较级 最高级
形容词 tall taller the tallest
副词 hard harder the hardest
最高级的定义:
是用于三者和三者以上的人或事物之间的比较,表示为其中最…的一个。
The book is the best of all.
Kate is the tallest in our class.
最高级的构成: 规则变化和不规则变化
规则变化
1.单音节词和部分双音节词
①一般情况在词尾加est .
如: small,the smallest
②以e结尾的词, 加-st
如: large, the largest
③以辅音+y结尾的词, 变y为i,再在词尾加est.
如: busy, the busiest
④以重读闭音节,双写辅音字母,再加est.
如:big, the biggest
2. 部分双音节词和多音节词的比较级和最高级的变化规则,在词前加 the most  
原级 最高级
useful the most useful
interesting the most interesting
3.不规则的形容词变化必须死记(好坏多少远老,共6个单词)
原级 最高级
good/ well the best
bad/badly/ill the worst
many/ much the most
little the least
far the farthest
the furthest
old the oldest
the eldest
形容词和副词最高级的用法
三者或三者以上的比较,用最高级。最高级通常前面有the
1.主+be/实义动词+the+最高级+of短语或是in短语(范围短语)
She is the youngest of all.
Linda draws most carefully in her class.
2.…one of the +最高级+名词复数 表示为…中最…之一
Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers in China.
3.…the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+in的范围短语 在…范围内…是第几的…
The Changjing River is the first longest river in our country.
4.Who/Which is +the+最高级,A、B or C 表示A、B和C哪一个最…
Who is the tallest, Tom、Sam or Bob
5.当最高级前面有a时,表示非常的意思。当最高级前有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等修饰时,不用the。
Unit5
What a Delicious Meal!
感叹句:
What 感叹名词 How 感叹形容词/副词
1. What + a/an+形容词+单名+主+谓!
What + 形容词+复数名词+ 主+谓!
What + 形容词+不可数名词+主+谓!
2. How+形容词或副词+主+谓!
例:他是多么可爱的男孩啊!
What a cute boy he is!
这个男孩是多么可爱啊!
How cute the boy is!
这些是多么有趣的书啊!
What interesting books these are!
这些书是多么的有趣啊!
How interesting these books are!
例: 多么冷的天啊!
What cold weather it is!
What a cold day it is!
天多么冷啊!
How cold the weather is!
How cold the day is!
感叹句:
例: 多么兴奋的消息啊!
What exciting news it is!
消息多么兴奋啊!
How exciting the news is!
Unit6
Plan for Yourself
Grammar
be going to(打算 将要)
一般将来时的一种
1、含义
(1)表示主语的意图,即主语计划或打算要做的事情。
I’m going to visit my uncle next week.
They are going to play sports tomorrow.
He is going to tell me a story.
(2)表示主语根据目前的迹象,推测某事很有可能会发生。
Look at the sky, it is going to rain.
2、时间状语
a. 带有tomorrorw的短语
tomorrow / the day after tomorrow
tomorrow morning/ afternoon/ evening
b. 带next的短语
next week/ month/ year/ summer
c. in+将来时间
in 2030/ in the future
d. 部分带this短语
this weekend/ this afternoon/ this evening
e. soon / tonight/ from now on
构成形式
be going to +动词原形
be动词要随主语的变化而变化成am is are。
当主语为I时,be动词用( )
当主语为单三时,be动词用( )
当主语为非单三复数时,be动词用( )
肯定句
主语+am/is/are+going+to+动词原形
我打算买一台新的自行车
I’m going to buy a new bike.
否定句
主语+am/is/are+not+going+to+动词原形
我不打算做老师。
I’m not going to be a teacher.
一般疑问句
主语+am/is/are+going+to+动词原形
am/is/are+主语++goingto+动词原形
你长大后相当一名医生吗?
Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up
Unit7
When Torrow Comes
Grammar:
一般将来时
1. 定义: 将来某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态
2. 有两种表示方式:
①will+ do 例:
②be going to+do 例:
3. 时间状语 (同be going to)
a. 带有tomorrorw的短语
b. 带next的短语
c. in+将来时间
d. 部分带this短语
e. soon / tonight/ from now on
4.


对比
两种形式 will+ 动词原形 be going to+动词原形
助动词 will/ shall am/ is/ are
肯定句 He will have a picnic tomorrow. He is going to plant trees tomorrow.
否定句 He will not have a picnic tomorrow. He is not going to plant trees tomorrow.
一般疑问句 Will he have a picnic tomorrow Yes, he will. No, he won’t. Is he going to plant trees tomorrow Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
特殊疑问句 What will he do tomorrow What is he going to do tomorrow
注意:will not=won't
5. shall用于第一人称疑问句
Shall we go to the park by bus (第一人称,疑问句,用shall)

I will go to Beijing tomorrow. (第一人称,不是疑问句,用will)
6.
There be的一般将来时
明年河上将有一座桥
There is going to be a bridge over the river.
There will be a bridge over the river.
There is going to be……
There will be……
Unit8
Let’s Communicate!
主句一般现在时,从句一般现在时
表示:真理 规律 习惯 规则
一、零条件句
通常从句由 if 或 when 引导
If you touch fire, you get burned.
The ground gets wet when it rains.
2. 主前从后,顺序连。
1. 从前主后,隔逗点。
注意书写顺序
Grammar
If you eat less, you will be thinner.
If 引导的条件状语从句
译成“如果”,表示:假设
从 现
主 将
You will be thinner if you eat less.
从 现
主 将
It will be sunny tomorrow.
We will have a trip tomorrow.
We will have a trip if it is sunny tomorrow.
If it is sunny tomorrow, we will have a trip.
2. 主祈从现 Please stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
1.主将从现 I will call you up if your daughter comes.
if引导的条件状语从句,一共有三种情况
3. 主情从现 If he studies hard, he must get good grades.

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