2026年中考英语复习定语从句精讲(含答案)

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2026年中考英语复习定语从句精讲(含答案)

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定语从句
一、定语:修饰或限定名词或代词的成分。一般翻译为……的(人/物)。从位置上看分为前置定语和后置定语。
例:I like the bike.(简单句:主谓宾)
I like the new bike.
定语(形容词,前置定语)
I like the bike in the yard.
定语(介词短语,后置定语)
I like the bike that you bought.
定语(定语从句,后置定语)
二、定语从句:定语从句是英语中用于修饰名词或代词的从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,因此也被称为形容词性从句。
The boy is my friend.(简单句)这个男孩是我朋友。
The boy helped you.(从句原句)这个男孩帮助过你。
The boy that/who helped you is my friend.
先行词 关系词 从句
这个帮助过你的男孩是我朋友。
先行词:定语从句中被修饰的名词或代词。
关系词:代替先行词在从句中做成分的词。
三、关系词分类
①关系代词
关系代词 所指先行词 在从句中充当的成分 例句 例句翻译与解析
who 人 主语 The woman who lives next door is a doctor. 住在我隔壁的那位女士是医生。(解析: who 指代 the woman ,在从句 who lives next door 中充当主语。)
宾语 (口语/非正式) The man (who) I saw yesterday was her brother. 我昨天看到的那个男人是她的哥哥。(解析: who 指代 the man ,在从句 I saw who 中充当动词 saw 的宾语,此处可以省略。)
whom 人 宾语 (动词宾语) The professor whom we respect is giving a talk. 我们尊敬的那位教授将做一个讲座。(解析: whom 指代 the professor ,在从句 we respect whom 中充当动词 respect 的宾语。)
宾语 (介词宾语) She is the person to whom I owe my thanks. 她是我要感谢的人。(解析: whom 指代 the person ,在介词 to 后充当宾语,构成介词短语 to whom 。)
whose 人或物 定语 (表所属) The student whose project won the award is over there. 项目获奖的那位学生就在那边。(解析: whose 指代 the student‘s ,在从句中作定语,修饰主语 project 。)
We visited the city whose history fascinates us. 我们游览了那座历史令我们着迷的城市。(解析: whose 指代 the city‘s ,在从句中作定语,修饰主语 history 。)
which 物或动物 主语 The phone which is on the table is mine. 桌上的那部手机是我的。(解析: which 指代 the phone ,在从句 which is on the table 中充当主语。)
宾语 The ideas (which) he proposed were innovative. 他提出的那些想法很有创新性。(解析: which 指代 the ideas ,在从句 he proposed which 中充当动词 proposed 的宾语,此处可以省略。)
that 人或物 主语 (指人) The girl that won the race is my classmate. 赢得比赛的那个女孩是我的同学。(解析: that 指代 the girl ,在从句中充当主语。)
主语 (指物) Everything that happens has a cause. 发生的每件事都有原因。(解析: that 指代 everything ,在从句中充当主语。)
宾语 (指人) Is he the man (that) you told me about 他就是你跟我提过的那个人吗?(解析: that 指代 the man ,在从句 you told me about that 中充当介词 about 的宾语,此处可以省略。)
宾语 (指物) The book (that) I’m reading is fascinating. 我正在读的那本书非常有趣。(解析: that 指代 the book ,在从句 I’m reading that 中充当动词 reading 的宾语,此处可以省略。)
注:
关系代词that who which在从句中做宾语的时候可以省略。但做主语不行。
The man that/who knows me is Tom.
That 或who在从句中做主语不可省略。
The man (that/who) I know is Tom.
That/who在从句中作宾语可以省略。
只用which whom不用that who的情况:当关系词作介宾,而且介词提前的时候,只能用which whom。不用that who。
例:
The boy with whom they are talking is Jerry.
He is looking for the chair on which you are sitting.
只用that不用which who whom的情况。
序号 情况分类 核心规则 示例 解释与说明
1 先行词为不定代词 当先行词是 anyone, everybody, nobody 等指人的不定代词时。 Anyone that breaks the rule will be punished. 用 that 更符合泛指习惯。
2 先行词被序数词修饰 当先行词被 the first, the last 等序数词修饰时。 He was the first person that arrived. 强调排位顺序,用 that 。
3 先行词被形容词最高级修饰 当先行词被 the best, the most diligent 等最高级修饰时。 She is the most diligent student that I have taught. 强调唯一性、极端性。
4 先行词被特定词修饰 当先行词被 the only, the very, the same 修饰时。 You are the only friend that truly understands me. 强调排他性和特指性。
5 先行词同时包含人和物 当先行词是 “人”和“物”的并列结构 时。 We talked about the people and events that shaped history. that 可同时指代两者。
6 在 There be 句型中 当定语从句修饰 There be 句型中作主语的名词(指人) 时。 There is a man that wants to see you. 存在句中, that 指人更常见。
7 主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句 当主句是特殊疑问句,且疑问词是who或which时,为避免重复,定语从句的关系代词通常用that,而不用与疑问词相同的who或which。 1. Who that has read the book can forget the ending (读过这本书的人,谁能忘记它的结局?)2. Which is the car that was stolen (哪辆车是被偷的那辆?) 核心逻辑是避免重复: 例1:主句疑问词是 Who,从句关系代词就用 that 指人。若用“Who who has read…”则明显错误、累赘。 例2:主句疑问词是 Which,从句关系代词就用 that 指物。若用“Which which was stolen…”则同样错误。
即学即用:
定语从句填空题(考察常规关系代词)
The man _______ is talking to the manager is my new colleague.
This is the most interesting book _______ I have ever read.
I have a friend _______ father is a famous pianist.
The email _______ you sent me yesterday was very helpful.
Is this the key _______ you were looking for
Those _______ wish to go please sign your names here.
She is the only person _______ understands me completely.
The house _______ windows are broken has been abandoned.
Everything _______ he said turned out to be false.
The girl with _______ I traveled is from Canada.
The first movie _______ made me cry was “The Lion King.”
This is the company _______ products are sold worldwide.
The reason _______ he gave for his absence wasn’t convincing.
Where is the money _______ was on the table
The people and traditions _______ he described are fascinating.
This is the doctor _______ saved my mother’s life.
Where can I find the person _______ I should submit this form to
I still remember the advice _______ you gave me on that day.
The company for _______ she works is expanding.
There is nothing _______ can change my mind.
②关系副词
关系副词 含义 修饰的先行词类型 在从句中充当的成分 例句 (对比1) 例句 (对比2)
when ...的时候 时间名词(如:time, day, year, occasion) 时间状语 I’ll never forget the day when we first met.翻译:我永远忘不了我们初次见面的那一天。解析: when 指代先行词 the day ,在从句 we first met 中充当时间状语,相当于 on that day 。 There are moments when silence is the best answer.翻译:有些时刻,沉默是最好的回答。解析: when 指代先行词 moments ,在从句中充当时间状语,相当于 at those moments 。
where ...的地方 地点名词(如:place, city, house, situation) 地点状语 This is the factory where my father works.翻译:这就是我父亲工作的工厂。解析: where 指代先行词 the factory ,在从句中充当地点状语,相当于 in that factory 。 He reached a point where he had to make a decision.翻译:他到了一个必须做出决定的关头。解析: where 指代抽象意义上的“点”或“境地”( a point ),在从句中充当地点/情况状语,相当于 at that point 。
why ...的原因 仅有 reason 原因状语 That is the reason why I was late.翻译:那就是我迟到的原因。解析: why 指代先行词 the reason ,在从句中充当原因状语,相当于 for that reason 。 She didn’t tell me the reason why she resigned.翻译:她没有告诉我她辞职的原因。解析: why 引导定语从句修饰 the reason ,说明辞职的“原因”。替代/省略:此句中, why 常可被 that 替代或直接省略: ...the reason (that) she resigned.
注:
如果先行词在从句中作主语或宾语,仍然要用关系代词。
The house (that/which) I bought is expensive.
在从句中做宾语相当于the house
The house where I live is expensive.
在从句中做状语相当于in the house
关系副词可转化为“介词+关系代词”的结构。
I’ll never forget the day when he left.
= I’ll never forget the day on which he left.
This is the room where we study English.
= This is the room in which we study English.
The reason why he left is complicated.
= The reason for which he left is complicated.
关系副词中没有how,如遇先行词the way在从句中作状语。要用 in which、that或不填来做先行词。切记不要用the way how……
例:他学习英语的方式很简单。
in which
The way that he learns English is so easy.
×
即学即用
定语从句混合填空题(关系副词 vs. 关系代词)
说明:在下列句子的空白处填入适当的关系词 (when, where, why, that, which)。注意判断从句结构是否完整。
I’ll never forget the day ______ we first met.
I’ll never forget the day ______ we spent together in Paris.
This is the factory ______ my father has worked for 30 years.
This is the factory ______ my father visited last week.
The reason ______ he explained to me was hard to believe.
The reason ______ he was late is still a mystery.
The small town ______ I grew up has changed a lot.
The small town ______ I told you about is famous for its hot springs.
There comes a time in everyone’s life ______ they must make a tough choice.
We discussed the time of the meeting ______ was most convenient for everyone.
③特殊关系词
关系词 使用条件与结构 在从句中充当的成分 例句 例句翻译与解析
as 1. such...as “像…这样的” 主语、宾语或表语 Such problems as are mentioned are common. 被提及的这类问题很常见。解析: as 用于 such...as 结构,指代 problems ,在从句 as are mentioned 中作主语。
He will provide such tools as you need. 他会提供你需要的这类工具。解析: as 用于 such...as 结构,指代 tools ,在从句 you need as 中作宾语。
2. the same...as “和…相同的” 主语、宾语或表语 This is the same phone as I lost last year. 这是和我去年丢的那款相同的手机。解析: as 用于 the same...as 结构,指代同一类型的事物,在从句中作宾语。
He made the same mistake as was expected. 他犯了意料之中的那个错误。解析: as 用于 the same...as 结构,在从句 as was expected 中作主语。
3. as...as “和……一样”(第一个as是副词) 主语、宾语或表语 Take as much money as is needed for the trip. 带上旅行所需的那笔钱。解析:第一个 as 是副词,第二个 as 是关系代词,指代 money ,在从句 as is needed 中作主语。
I have as many books as you have (books). 我有和你一样多的书。解析:第二个 as 是关系代词,指代 books ,在从句 you have as 中作宾语(常省略)。
than 先行词被形容词或副词的比较级(more, less, fewer等)修饰。 主语或宾语 Children often need more sleep than adults do. 孩子通常比成人需要更多的睡眠。解析: than 作关系代词,指代 sleep ,在从句 adults do 中作宾语,替代 sleep 。
The project requires fewer people than are available. 这个项目需要的人数比可用人数少。解析: than 作关系代词,指代 people ,在从句 than are available 中作主语。
but 主句为否定句(有 no, not, hardly, few, little 等否定词),意为“没有不…的”。 通常作主语 There is no one but knows this rule. 没有人不知道这条规则。解析: but 作关系代词,指代 no one ,在从句 but knows... 中作主语。 but = who does not 。
There are few challenges but can be overcome. 几乎没有克服不了的挑战。解析: but 作关系代词,指代 challenges ,在从句中作主语。 but = that cannot 。
注: The same修饰的名词之后,既可以用as也可以用that,但是代表的意思不同。
He’s driving the same car as I bought.
他正开着跟我买的一样的车。(跟我买的不一辆)
He’s driving the same car that I bought.
他开的正是我买的那同一辆车。(就是我买的那辆)
即学即用
说明:在下列句子的空白处填入适当的特殊关系词 (as, than, but)。注意观察句子中的固定结构和逻辑关系。
She is wearing the same dress ______ I wore at the party last month.
There are few people ______ would agree with such an good opinion.
He has more books ______ he can possibly read in a lifetime.
This is not such an easy problem ______ you think.
There is no one ______ knows the truth about that incident.
You can take as much food ______ you need for the journey.
He is a better speaker ______ I am.
There is no rule ______ has exceptions.
She has the same color of eyes ______ her mother.
He offered more assistance ______ was actually required.
Such advice ______ he gave proved to be very valuable.
There is scarcely a person ______ feels sympathy for him.
课堂小结
说明:在下列句子的空白处填入一个最恰当的英语单词,使其构成完整、正确的限定性定语从句。
The book ______ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
This is the school ______ my mother taught ten years ago.
Do you know the boy ______ father is a famous doctor
I can’t remember the reason ______ she was so angry yesterday.
That’s the most beautiful park ______ I have ever visited.
The day ______ we first went to Beijing was sunny and warm.
The girl ______ you met at the party is my cousin.
We are looking for a place ______ we can have a picnic.
I have something important ______ I need to tell you.
Those ______ want to join the club, please sign your names here.
①答案与解析
答案:
who/that
that
whose
that/which (可省略)
that/which (可省略)
who
that/who
whose
that
whom
that
whose
that/which (可省略)
that/which
that
who/that
whom/who/that (可省略)
that/which (可省略)
which/whom
that
详细解析:
who/that: 先行词是 The man(人),在从句中作主语。
that: 先行词 book 被形容词最高级 the most interesting 修饰,必须用 that。
whose: 先行词是 a friend(人),在从句中作定语,修饰 father,表示所属关系。
that/which (可省略): 先行词是 The email(物),在从句中作 sent 的宾语。
that/which (可省略): 先行词是 the key(物),在从句中作介词 for 的宾语。
who: 先行词是 Those(人),在从句中作主语。
that/who: 先行词 person 被 the only 修饰,用 that 或 who 均可。
whose: 先行词是 The house(物),在从句中作定语,修饰 windows,表示所属关系。
that: 先行词是 Everything(不定代词),必须用 that。
whom: 先行词是 The girl(人),位于介词 with 之后,在从句中作介词宾语。
that: 先行词 movie 被序数词 The first 修饰,必须用 that。
whose: 先行词是 the company(物),在从句中作定语,修饰 products,表示所属关系。
that/which (可省略): 先行词是 The reason(物),在从句中作 gave 的宾语。
that/which: 先行词是 the money(物),在从句中作主语(不可省略)。
that: 先行词同时包含“人”(people)和“物”(traditions),必须用 that。
who/that: 先行词是 the doctor(人),在从句中作主语。
whom/who/that (可省略): 先行词是 the person(人),在从句中作介词 to 的宾语。
that/which (可省略): 先行词是 the advice(物),在从句中作 gave 的宾语。
which/whom: 先行词是 The company(物),位于介词 for 之后,在从句中作介词宾语(用 which 更常见)。
that: 先行词是 nothing(不定代词),必须用 that。
②答案与解析
答案:
when
that/which (或省略)
where
that/which (或省略)
that/which (或省略)
why
where
that/which (或省略)
when
that/which
解析:
when:先行词是 the day(时间)。从句 we first met 主谓完整,但缺少时间状语(我们在哪一天见面?),因此用关系副词 when (= on which)。
that/which:先行词同样是 the day。从句 we spent together 中,spent 是及物动词,缺少宾语(我们度过了哪一天?)。因此先行词在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词 that 或 which,并可省略。
where:先行词是 the factory(地点)。从句 my father has worked 主谓完整,但缺少地点状语(在哪个工厂工作?),因此用关系副词 where (= in which)。
that/which:先行词同样是 the factory。从句 my father visited 中,visited 是及物动词,缺少宾语(参观了哪个工厂?)。因此先行词在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词 that 或 which,并可省略。
that/which:先行词是 The reason(原因)。从句 he explained to me 中,explained 是及物动词,缺少宾语(解释了哪个原因?)。因此先行词在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词 that 或 which,并可省略。
why:先行词同样是 The reason。从句 he was late 是一个完整的主系表结构,但缺少原因状语(为什么迟到?),因此用关系副词 why (= for which)。
where:先行词是 The small town(地点)。从句 I grew up 主谓完整,但缺少地点状语(在哪个小镇长大?),因此用关系副词 where (= in which)。
that/which:先行词同样是 The small town。从句 I told you about 中,about 是介词,其后缺少宾语(跟你讲了关于哪个小镇的事?)。因此先行词在从句中作介词宾语,应用关系代词 that 或 which,并可省略。(注意:此处也可用 about which,但较正式)
when:先行词是 a time(时间)。从句 they must make a tough choice 主谓宾完整,但缺少时间状语(在什么时候必须做选择?),因此用关系副词 when (= at which)。
that/which:先行词是 the time of the meeting(会议时间,作为一个整体事物)。从句 was most convenient 中缺少主语(什么最方便?)。因此先行词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词 that 或 which(不可省略)。
核心考点总结:
判断用关系副词 (when/where/why) 还是关系代词 (that/which),关键在于分析定语从句本身的结构是否完整。
从句完整(主谓宾/主系表齐全,仅缺时间、地点、原因状语)→ 用关系副词。
从句不完整(缺主语或宾语)→ 用关系代词。
③答案与解析
答案:
as
but
than
as
but
as
than
but
as
than
as
but
解析:
that:the same 修饰的名词,关系词一般要用as。除非是指同一件。
but:主句有否定词 few(几乎没有人),but 作关系代词,相当于 who...not。整句意为“几乎没有人会同意如此极端的观点”。
than:先行词 books 被比较级 more 修饰,than 作关系代词,指代 books,在从句中作主语。
as:固定结构 such...as,意为“像……那样的”。as 在从句中作 think 的宾语。
but:主句有否定词 no one,but 作关系代词,相当于 who...not。整句意为“没有人知道那件事的真相”。
as:固定结构 as...as(第一个 as 是副词),第二个 as 是关系代词,指代 food,在从句中作宾语。
than:比较级 better 之后,用 than 引导从句。than 在此作关系代词,指代 speaker,在从句中作表语(than I am 后省略了 a speaker)。
but:主句有否定词 no,but 作关系代词,相当于 that...not。整句意为“没有不例外的规则”,即“凡是规则皆有例外”。
as:固定结构 the same...as,as 指代 color of eyes,在从句中作表语(as her mother 后省略了 has)。
than:先行词 assistance 被比较级 more 修饰,than 作关系代词,指代 assistance,在从句中作主语。
as:固定结构 such...as,as 指代 advice,在从句中作宾语。
but:主句有否定词 scarcely(几乎不),but 作关系代词,相当于 who...not。整句意为“几乎没有人同情他”。
课堂小结
答案与解析
答案:
that/which (可省略)
where
whose
why
that
when
who/whom/that (可省略)
where
that
who
详细解析:
that/which:先行词是 The book(物)。从句 I borrowed 中,及物动词 borrowed 后缺少宾语(我借了什么?),因此用关系代词 that 或 which,并可省略。
where:先行词是 the school(地点)。从句 my mother taught 主谓完整,但缺少地点状语(在哪所学校教书?),因此用关系副词 where (= at which)。
whose:先行词是 the boy(人)。从句中,father 是主语,但缺少定语来修饰(谁的父亲?)。whose 表示“男孩的”,在从句中作定语。
why:先行词是 the reason(原因)。从句 she was so angry 是一个完整的主系表结构,但缺少原因状语(为什么生气?),因此用关系副词 why (= for which)。
that:先行词 the most beautiful park 被形容词最高级 the most beautiful 修饰,必须用 that 来引导定语从句。that 在从句中作 visited 的宾语。
when:先行词是 The day(时间)。从句 we first went to Beijing 主谓状完整,但缺少时间状语(在哪一天去的?),因此用关系副词 when (= on which)。
who/whom/that:先行词是 The girl(人)。从句 you met 中,及物动词 met 后缺少宾语(你遇到了谁?),因此用关系代词。作宾语时,可用 whom(正式)、who(非正式)、that,并可省略。
where:先行词是 a place(地点)。从句 we can have a picnic 主谓宾完整,但缺少地点状语(在哪里野餐?),因此用关系副词 where (= at which)。
that:先行词是 something(不定代词)。当先行词是不定代词(如 something, anything, everything)时,必须用 that 来引导定语从句。that 在从句中作 tell 的直接宾语。
who:先行词是 Those(人,指“那些人”)。从句 want to join 中缺少主语(谁想参加?),因此用关系代词 who 在从句中作主语。此处不能用 that 开头指人,用 who 更自然、规范。

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