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Unit 5 Nature’s Temper
单元知识清单
单元主题 人与自然—灾害防范—自然灾害与防范措施，人身安全与自我保护
单 元 知 识 预 览 重 点 单 词 1. earthquake n.地震 2. flood n.水灾；洪水 v.泛滥；淹没 3.warn v.警告；提醒注意 4.wave n.波浪；波；挥手 v.挥手；挥舞 5. interview n.采访；面试 v.采访；对 (某人)进行面试 6.possibly adv.可能；或许 7.report n.&v.汇报；报道 8.neighbourhood n.街区；临近的地方 9.nearly adv.几乎；差不多；将近 10.trouble n.苦恼；困难 v.使忧虑； 苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 11.relative n.亲戚；亲属 12.preparation n.准备(工作);预备 13.power n.电力供应；能量；力量 14.thick adj.厚的；浓密的 15.beat v.敲；打 16.hide v.躲藏；隐蔽 17.worst adj.&adv.最坏(的);最糟 (的) 18.refuse v.拒绝；退却 19.guard n.卫兵；保卫 v.保卫 20.thankfully adv.幸亏；感激地 21.knowledge n.知识；学问 22.hero n.(pl.heroes)英雄；男主角；偶像 23.since prep.,adv.&conj.自 … … 以后；从 … … 以来 conj.既 然 ； 由 于 24.volunteer n.志愿者；自告奋勇者 v.自愿做；义务做 25.terribly adv.非常糟地；非常 26.alarm n.警报(器);惊恐 27. review v.复习；回顾；复查 n.回 顾；审查 28.sudden adj.突然的；骤然的 29.usual adj.通常的；寻常的 30.unlucky adj.不幸的；不顺利的；不吉利的 31.rainy adj.阴雨的；多雨的
词汇拓展 32.warn v.→warning n.警告，警示 33.interview n.v.→interviewer n.采访者 →interviewee n. 接受采访者 34. possibly adv. →possible adj.可能的 →possibility n.可能性→impossible adj.不可能的 35.report n.v.→reporter n.记者 36.volunteer n.v. →voluntary adj.志愿的 37.sudden adj.→suddenly adv.突然 38.usual adj.→usually adv. 通常 →unusual adj.不寻常的
重点短语 39.do chores 做家务 40.make preparations做准备 41.security guard保安人员 42.except for除……之外 43.as soon as — ……就…… 44.alarm clock 闹钟 45.wake up醒来 46.go off（警报器等）突然发出巨响 47.all of a sudden突然；猛地 48.by the time到……的时候 49.out of breath 上气不接下气 50.as a result 因此 51.go wrong出现问题；发生故障；搞错
重点句型 We were driving home from our relatives’ house when the strong winds started.当开始刮大风时，我们正开车从亲戚家回家。 2. It was raining hard while we were driving back.当我们开车返回时，雨下得很大。 3. What were you doing when the typhoon hit 当台风来袭时，你在做什么 4. When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. 当我的邻居打来电话时，我们一家人正在吃晚饭。 5. While we were driving home, the strong winds started.当我们开车回家时，强风开始了。 6. But while Tilly was walking along the beach with her family, she noticed something strange.但当蒂莉和家人沿着海滩散步时，她注意到了奇怪的东西。 7. People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea.人们看到从海上涌来的巨大水墙时，尖叫着尽快逃跑。 8. The wind was too strong for me to use my umbrella!风太大了，我都不能撑开雨伞！
语法 ①过去进行时 ②when 和while引导的时间状语从句
写作 如何介绍坏天气下糟糕的经历
Section A What happens during a natural disaster
教材原句1 Nature’s Temper大自然的脾气(教材P41单元标题）
知识点temper n. 脾气；怒气
temper为可数名词，常用单数形式，其常见短语为:
lose one’s temper发牌气
good/bad temper 好/坏牌气
keep one’s temper 忍住不发牌气
She lost her temper with a customer and shouted at him.
她对一位顾客发了脾气，冲着人家大喊大叫。
A gentleman usually has a good temper and is always listening to others patiently.
绅士通常脾气很好，总是耐心地听别人说话。
教材原句2 Xinyi was warning a neighbour/ having dinner.欣怡正在警告邻居/吃晚饭。(教材P42)
知识点warn v. 警告；提醒注意
warn 既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。常见搭配为:
warn sb (not) to do sth 警告/告诫某人(不要)做某事
warn sb of about sth警告某人注意某事
war sb against doing sth.告诫某人不要做某事
warn (sb) + that从句警告(某人)说……
I warned her not to go near the dog.我警告她不要靠近那条狗。
The message warmed us of/ about possible danger.这条信息警告我们注意潜在的危险。
He warned me against going there at night.他告诫我不要晚上去那儿。
Experts warn that eating too much chocolate is bad for health.专家警告说吃太多巧克力对健
康有害。
教材原句3 Sometimes there are tall waves and the areas near the coast get flooded.有时会有巨浪，海岸附近的地区会被淹没。(教材P43)
知识点wave n.波浪；波；挥手 v.挥手；挥舞
wave作名词时，意为“波浪；波；挥手”，为可数名词。
Huge waves were breaking on the shore.巨浪拍打着海岸。
A sound wave travels through the air.声波在空气中传播。
He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.公共汽车开走时他 向我们挥了挥手。
(2)wave作动词时，意为“挥手；挥舞”，可构成常见搭配：wave to/at sb.向某人挥手
Ella waved at us and we waved back.埃拉向我们挥手，我们也向她挥手。
The children are waving the flags in their hands happily.孩子们高兴地挥舞着手中的旗帜。
教材原句4 Where did the interviews possibly take place 采访可能在哪里进行？(教材P43)
知识点 interview n.采访;面试 v.采访;对(某人进行面试)
(1)interview作名词，意为"面试；访谈"。
He will have an interview next week for the manager’s job.他下周将要接受一个经理职位的面试。
The interview was published in all the papers.各家报纸都刊载了这次采访。
(2)interview作动词，意为"采访；面试"。interview sb.意为"采访某人",相当于have an interview with sb.。
Many people went to interview a young boy after he became an Internet sensation for his good looks and innocent smile.一个年轻男孩因其帅气的外表和纯真的微笑在网络引起轰动后，很多人去采访他。
拓展:interviewee作名词，意为"被采访者；参加面试者”;interviewer作名词，意为"采访者；主持面试者"。
知识点 possibly adv.可能；或许
辨析possibly, maybe, perhaps和probably
辨析 用法
possibly 意为“可能；或许”,指客观上潜存着发生 某种变化的可能，可能性较低
maybe 意为“可能；或许”,含不确定意味，常放 在句首，修饰整个句子
perhaps 意为“可能；也许”,相当于maybe,可用 于句首、句中或句末
probably 意为“很可能；几乎肯定；大概”,一般指 依常理推断有发生的可能，可能性很高
This last task is possibly the most difficult.这最后一项任务也许是最难的。
Maybe he’ll change his mind.或许他会改变主意。
It won’t take so long next time,perhaps.也许下次不用那么久。
You probably don’t remember me, but we met at a meeting last year.你可能不记得我了，但我们去年在一次会议上见过面。
教材原句5 Who are the speakers in the interviews and the weather report 采访和天气预报中的发言人是谁 (教材P43)
知识点report n. &v.汇报;报道
report作可数名词，意为“报道；报告”。
We have to write a short report on the conference. 我们得写一份关于这个会议的简短报告。
I asked him to come back next week and report on his progress.我要求他下星期回来汇报工作进展情况。
report作动词，意为“报道；公布”,其后可接名词、代词或宾语从句，且经常用于被动语态中，“It is reported that…”意为“据报道……”
It is reported that exercise snacks can be as useful as traditional exercise methods.据报道，零食式锻炼与传统的锻炼方法一样有用。
拓展:reporter 意为“记者”。
The reporter is reporting the news. 这名记者正在报道那则新闻。
教材原句6 A window in the man’s house broke, and the roof nearly came off.这个男人家的窗户破了，屋顶也几乎被掀翻。(教材P43)
知识点nearly adv.几乎；差不多；将近
辨析nearly与almost
辨析 用法
nearly 不可与no、never、nothing等 否定词连用，但可与not连 用，not nearly“远非，绝不是 两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等，此时 两者常可互换
nearly前可用very、pretty词、形容词、副 等词修饰
almost 表示"几乎；差不多 ”,可与any或no、never、nothing 等否定词连用，但不能与not连用
They are nearly/almost reaching the end.他们几乎要 到终点了。
There are nearly 2,000 students in our school.我们学校有近2000名学生。
It's almost time to go.是差不多该走的时候了。
Almost no one believes her.几乎没有人相信她。
教材原句7 Did you have any trouble during the typhoon？台风期间你遇到什么麻烦了吗？
(教材P43)
知识点trouble n.苦恼；困难；困境 v. 使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦
(1)trouble作名词，意为“苦恼；困难；困境”，为可数名词。常见搭配为：
have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难
have trouble with sth 在某方面有问题
get/run into trouble陷入麻烦/困境
be in trouble处于困境之中
The little boy has trouble (in) learning English.这个小男孩学英语有困难。
He has trouble with his English pronunciation.他的英语发音有问题。
I’ll be in trouble if I get home late.如果我回家晚了，我会有麻烦的。
(2)trouble还可作动词，表示“麻烦”，常用句型如下:
trouble sb to do sth麻烦某人做某事
trouble sb with sth因某事麻烦某人
Sorry to trouble you, but could you tell me the time 对不起打扰您一下，请问几点了
Could I trouble you to open the window, please 劳驾，请您把窗户打开好吗
I don't want to trouble the doctor with such a small problem.我不想为了这点小毛病麻烦医生。
教材原句8 Did your family make any preparations before the typhoon landed 你的家人在台风 登陆前做了什么准备吗？（教材P44）
知识点preparation n.准备 (工作）；预备
(1)preparation作可数名词，意为“准备 (工作）”常用搭配为：
make preparations (for...)为……作准备
make preparations to do sth准备做某事
The students are making preparations for the final exam.学生们正在为期末考试作准备。
We made preparations to move to new offices.我们为搬到新办公室做好了准备。
(2)preparation作可数名词，意为“预备；准备”，常用搭配为：
Careful preparation for the exam is necessary.认真准备考试是有必要的。
拓展:preparation的动词形式为prepare,意为“使做好准备；把……预备好”,常用搭配为：
prepare sth准备某物
prepare...for...为……准备……
prepare sth for sb为某人准备某物
prepare to do sth准备去做某事
Mom is preparing the traditional dinner, and we are preparing for the new year.妈妈正在准备传
统晚宴,我们在为新年做准备。
She prepared a nice breakfast for us.她为我们准备了一顿可口的早餐。
Her parents were busy preparing to go on holiday.她的父母正忙于准备度假。
教材原句9 When Jenny looked up,thick black clouds were forming in the sky,and the rain was beating against their roof.当珍妮抬头看时，天上乌云密布，雨水打在屋顶上。(教材P45)
知识点beat v.敲;打
(1)beat可作不及物动词,意为“敲打”，常接介词on/against/at等, 其过去式为beat,过去分词为beaten。
Martin was beating at the door with his hand.马丁在用手拍门。
(2) beat还可作及物动词,意为"打败"。
He beat me at chess.他下国际象棋赢了我。
拓展:辨析beat与win
辨析 用法
beat 意为“打败战胜”， 后面跟比赛、竞争中的对手、战争中的敌人或指人或球队的名词或代词。
win 意为“赢;获胜”，作及物动词时，充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争奖品、金钱等名词，即race, match, game, competition, war, prize等
He won the first prize in the English speech competition.他在英语演讲比赛中赢得了第一名。
We beat the football team of Class 2 yesterday.我们昨天打败了二班的足球队。
教材原句10 Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they were hiding from an angry lion.爸爸给了她一些巧克力，告诉她他们在躲避一只愤怒的狮子。(教材P45)
知识点hide v.躲藏，隐蔽
hide的常见用法如下：
hide from sb躲避某人
hide sb/sth from sb背着某人藏 ……
hide oneself把自己藏起来
She hid the letters from her parents.她背着父母把信件藏了起来。
When he heard us coming, he hid himself behind a bush.他听见我们来了，就躲到了灌木丛后面。
I have never tried to hide the truth about my past 我从未设法隐瞒我的过去。
Section B What can we do to prepare for the worst
教材原句1 In August 2022,China experienced a great heatwave,the worst since 1961.2022年8月，中国经历了自1961年以来最严重的热浪。（教材P48）
知识点since prep.,adv.&conj.自……以后；从……以来 conj.既然；由于
(1)since作介词，后跟某一确定的过去的时间点或“一段时间+ago”。for后跟时间段
Since then,around the Mid-Autumn Festival every year,the villagers perform fire dragon dances to make wishes.从那以后，每年中秋节前后，村民们都会表演火龙舞来祈福。
(2)since作副词，常用于句末。
She left London ten years ago,and I haven't seen her since.
她十年前离开伦敦，此后我再没有见过她。
(3)since作连词，引导时间状语从句时，意为“自……以来”。对由since引导的时间状语从句提问时，要用how long。
It is five years since they left here.他们离开这里已经五年了。
—How long have you worked here 你在这里工作多久了
—Since I graduated from college.自从我大学毕业后。
(4)since作连词，引导原因状语从句时，意为“既然；由于”。
Since you’re tired,let’s stay at home.既然你累了，咱们就待在家里吧。
Since its broth is mostly just water and has no red peppers,it is not spicy.因为其底汤主要是水，不含红辣椒，所以不辣。
拓展:辨析because, since和as
辨析 用法
because 表示直接因果关系，可指已知或未知的事实，语气最强，常用于回答以why开头的问句；引导的从句通常置于主句之后，在强调时置于主句之前；because不能与so连用
since 引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句之前，表示已知的、显然的理由(通常翻译成“既然”),语气比because弱
as 引导原因状语从句时，表示较为明显或双方已知的事实，语气亦较弱，位置较为灵活(常放在主句之前)
教材原句2 Over 5,000 firefighters,police,and volunteers all worked together to keep the people and their homes safe.5000多名消防员、警察和志愿者齐心协力，保障民众及其家园的安全。(教材P48)
知识点volunteer n.志愿者；自告奋勇者 v.自愿做；义务做
(1)volunteer作可数名词，意为“志愿者；自告奋勇者”，常见搭配为：
be a volunteer for sth
(2)volunteer作动词，意为“自愿做；义务做”，常见搭配为：
volunteer as...自愿充当……
volunteer to do sth自愿做某事
She was a volunteer for the Red Cross before training as a nurse.
她在接受护士培训之前是红十字会的志愿者。
I volunteered as a guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.上周末我在成都博物馆志愿当导游。
On weekdays, Liu volunteers to teach children marine protection in local schools.
在工作日，刘自愿在当地学校教孩子们海洋保护知识。
教材原句3 First, my alarm clock didn't go off, so I woke up late and had to rush to the bus stop.
首先,我的闹钟没有响,所以我醒得很晚,不得不匆匆赶到公共汽车站。(教材P49)
知识点go off(警报器等)突然发出巨响
(1)go off意为“(警报器等)突然发出巨响”,是固定短语。
(2)go off还有“离开；爆炸；熄灭；变质”之意。She went off to get a drink.她拿饮料去了。
Suddenly the lights went off.灯突然熄灭了。
Meat goes off quickly in hot weather.在炎热的天气里，肉变质得快。
教材原句4 As a result,she said we weren’t having a test after all!结果，她说我们根本就没有考试!(教材P49)
知识点辨析as a result和as a result of
辨析 用法
as a result 意为“因此”,是副词短语，强调已发生的结果，常用于句首，用逗号与其他成分隔开
as a result of 意为“由于；作为……的结果”,是短语介词，强调导致结果的原因，后面需接名词、代词或动词-ing形式构成原因状语
I nearly missed the show as a result of sleeping late.由于睡过头了，我差点错过了演出。
拓展:result还作动词，短语result in意为“造成；导致”,result from意为“(因……)发生”。
The body's reaction to certain foods can be quite serious resulting in breathing problems or even the death.人体对某些食物的反应可能会非常严重，会导致呼吸困难甚至死亡。
教材原句5 By the time the bus came，I was cold and wet.到公共汽车来的时候,我又冷又湿。(教材P49)
知识点by the time引导的时间状语从句强调在某时前或到某时的时候，主句中的动作已发生或已出现某情况。若主句时态是一般将来时，by the time引导的从句一般不用将来时，而用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
By the time we arrived,the meeting was over. 等我们到达时，会议已经结束了。
By the time you get there the meeting will be over.等你到了那里的时候，会议就该结束了。
注意:有时在含by the time 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主从句都用一般现在时。
By the time the bus gets to my stop, there aren't any seats left.当公共汽车到达我在的车站时，就没有空位子了。

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