资源简介

Unit 1 Look it up! 查一下！
1. Key words, phrases and sentences（those marked with an asterisk can be skipped）
Text 1
Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. They are related to crocodiles, snakes and
lizards.
恐龙是一种史前动物，与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴有亲缘关系。
Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two or four legs.
恐龙生活在陆地上，用两条或四条腿行走。
Dinosaurs came in different sizes.
恐龙的体型各异。
About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died out. Scientists are not completely sure
why.
约6600万年前，恐龙突然灭绝。科学家尚未完全确定其灭绝原因。
Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields.
达·芬奇极为聪慧，在众多领域都天赋异禀。
From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic talent.
从幼年起，他就展现出卓越的智慧和艺术才华。
His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting
in the world.
他的画作都非常有名，其中《蒙娜丽莎》可能是世界上最著名的画作。
For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines and other
vehicles.
例如，他的笔记中包含一些飞行器和其他交通工具的有趣设计图。
Listening & Speaking & Writing
Our original plan was to fly to Sanya for vacation.
我们原本的计划是飞去三亚度假。
The baby weighed three kilos at birth.
婴儿出生时体重为三公斤。
Death finally brought an end to her suffering.
死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。
Yuan spent his whole life developing different kinds of hybrid rice.
袁隆平毕生致力于培育不同品种的杂交水稻。
Text 2
The word “encyclopaedia” comes from a Greek word that means “general education”.
“encyclopaedia”一词来自于希腊语，意思是“通识教育”。
They often come in several volumes.
纸质百科全书通常一套好几卷本。
Both the Huanglan and Yongle Dadian included important pieces of writing.
《皇览》和《永乐大典》中有重要的文章著作。
Encyclopaedias in other parts of the world also go back a long way in history.
世界上其他地区的百科类全书也具有悠久的历史。
They were similar to early Chinese encyclopaedias because they included works by different
scholars.
这些由希腊人写的百科全书和中国早期的百科全书类似，文章著作来自于不同的学者。
Centuries later, the editors of the first modern encyclopaedias, like the Encyclopaedia
Britannica, organized the entries in alphabetical order.
几个世纪之后，第一批现代的百科全书比如大英百科全书，其编辑按照字母顺序来排列条目。
Encyclopaedias have played an important role through history in recording and providing
information.
有史以来，百科全书在记录和提供信息方面扮演着重要的角色。
2. Grammar
some和any的用法
some表示“一些，若干”，后接可数名词复数，或不可数名词，用于肯定句
e.g.
I have some questions about dinosaurs.
There is still some milk in the box.
Some believe there was not enough food for dinosaurs. （用作代词）
any不需具体翻译，起强调作用，后接可数名词复数，或不可数名词，用于否定和疑问句
e.g.
I don’t eat (any) meat.
我不吃（任何）肉。
You can’t go out without (any) shoes.
你不能不穿鞋就出门。
Are there (any) ladies in the audience
观众当中有女士吗？
I need some money. Is there any on you （用作代词）
我需要一些钱。你身上带了吗？
★ 在期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中用some，any用于中性或不确定的询问，不预设对方是否会同意
e.g.
Would you like some milk in your coffee
May I have some ice water
Can I ask you some questions about dinosaurs
我能问你一些关于恐龙的问题吗？
（已经有一些特定的问题在脑海里，希望得到对方的许可来问这样的“一些”问题）
Can I ask you any questions about dinosaurs
我能问（任何）关于恐龙的问题吗？
（语气更中性、开放，不暗示你心里有具体问题，更像是询问提问的许可或范围）
【拓展了解】
some：
指集体中的某些，不具体指出
e.g.
Some students will not be happy about this exam.
I just like some of his songs. （用作代词）
后接单数名词，表示“某个……”，不具体指出
e.g.
There must be some mistake.
I met him in front of some Italian restaurant.
any：
肯定句中和单数可数名词连用，表示“任一……”
e.g.
Take any book you like.
Any person who wins the game will get a large amount of money.
合成不定代词
somebody, someone, something用于肯定句；anybody, anyone, anything用于否定和疑问句；nobody, nothing用于肯定句，含义为否定
e.g.
I have something important to say.
There is not anybody in the classroom. （not anybody=nobody）
Do you find anything to eat in the fridge
There was nothing in her bag. （nothing=not anything）
Unit 2 Amazing numbers 神奇的数字
1. Key words, phrases and sentences（those marked with an asterisk can be skipped）
Text 1
One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game.
一天，一位智慧的老者来到王宫，国王向他发起了一局对弈挑战。
“You can have any prize if you win the game,” The king promised the old man.
国王向老者承诺：“如果你赢得比赛，可以获得任何奖赏。”
The old man thought for a moment and said slowly, “If I win the game, I’d like one grain of
rice for the first square of the chessboard, two for the second, four for the third...I’d like you to double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.”
老人思索片刻，缓缓说道：“如果我赢了，我想要棋盘的第一格放 1 粒米，第二格放 2 粒，第三格放 4 粒…… 我要你给剩下的格子上的米粒数都逐次加倍。”
Wouldn’t you like gold or silver instead
你不想要金子或银子吗？
“No, just rice,” the old man replied without hesitation.
“不，只要大米。”老人毫不犹豫地回答。
“How many grains of rice will this be ” the king wondered.
“这得需要多少粒米啊？”国王暗自琢磨。
After thinking about it for a moment, the king agreed.
考虑了一会儿之后，国王便应允了。
Listening & Speaking & Writing
What per cent of the world’s population currently live in Asia
目前生活在亚洲的人口占世界人口多少比例？
We need to decide the dates. And then we need to check the train or flight schedule. Also, we
need to make a budget.
我们需要确定日期，然后要查看火车或航班时刻，还得做一个预算。
Prices have risen sharply over the last few months.
过去几个月，价格大幅上涨。
The price of rice is going up.
米价在上涨。
Oil is going down in price.
石油正在跌价。
Text 2
Each “stick” stands for a thing we want to count, such as an animal or a bag of rice.
每一根小棍代表我们想计数的一个东西，比如一头动物或一袋大米。
Tally sticks are easy to understand, but it can take a long time to write down large numbers.
计数棍很容易明白，但是记大数字需要很长时间。
Later, people created faster ways of writing numbers. One such system developed in ancient
India.
后来人们发明了更快的计数方法，其中一个计数方法体系发展于古印度。
Instead of using tally sticks, people began using different abstract symbols to represent
different numbers.
不再使用计数棍，人们开始使用不同的抽象符号来代表不同的数字。
Researchers do not know exactly how this happened, but some believe that the sticks slowly
turned into symbols over the centuries.
研究人员不是十分清楚这种转变究竟是如何发生的，但是有人认为计数棍逐渐转变成符号的过程历经数百年。
2. Grammar
基数词
【定义】表示数目多少的数词
【注意】
英语里没有万、亿这样的单位数词
超过1千，由后向前数，每三位数打个逗号。第一个逗号前面的数读作“某千 (thousand)”，第二个
逗号前的数读作“某百万（million)”，第三个逗号前的数读作“某十亿(billion)”
hundred，thousand，million等词后不加-s
百位和十位之间加and
十位和个位之间加连字符
35 thirty-five
272 two hundred and seventy-two
2， two thousand 000
2， two thousand 003 and three
2， two thousand 021 and twenty-one
2， two thousand 234 two hundred and thirty-four
12， twelve thousand 234 two hundred and thirty-four
246， two hundred and forty-six thousand 234 two hundred and thirty-four
10， ten million 246， two hundred and forty-six thousand 234 two hundred and thirty-four
【拓展】
hundreds of，thousands of，millions of表示：数以百计、千计、百万计。这样用法时，后面需要加-s
e.g.
Thousands of people collect at the square.
序数词
【定义】表示顺序先后的数词
【口诀】
序数词，表顺序，基数后面th
一二三要牢记：first, second, third
八加h，九去e
ve变f，去y加ie
one first eleven eleventh twenty-one twenty-first
two second twelve twelfth twenty-two twenty-second
three third thirteen thirteenth twenty-three twenty-third
four fourth fourteen fourteenth twenty-four twenty-fourth
five fifth fifteen fifteenth twenty-five twenty-fifth
six sixth sixteen sixteenth twenty-six twenty-sixth
seven seventh seventeen seventeenth twenty-seven twenty-seventh
eight eighth eighteen eighteenth twenty-eight twenty-eighth
nine ninth nineteen nineteenth twenty-nine twenty-ninth
ten tenth twenty twentieth thirty thirtieth
【用法】
序数词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语等，前面一般要加上the
e.g.
March is the third month of a year.
My parents have three children and I am the second one.
不强调顺序，表示“再……”，“又……”时用不定冠词
e.g.
She poured me a second cup of coffee.
表示名次时不用定冠词
e.g.
He graduated with a first.
We were second in this competition.
He won first prize in this competition.
Unit 3 Our digital lives 我们的数字式生活
1. Key words, phrases and sentences（those marked with an asterisk can be skipped）
Text 1
Experts didn’t believe that anybody wanted a computer at home.
专家不相信有人会想要放一台计算机在家里。
Smartphones—phones with computer software—arrived!
智能手机——带电脑软件的手机——出现了！
Today’s smartphones can connect to the internet and run all kinds of different apps—in other
words, they are small computers.
如今的智能手机可以连接到互联网，并运行各种应用——换句话说它们就是小型电脑。
As more things become connected to the internet, our cities will become smart cities.
随着越来越多的东西接入互联网，我们的城市将成为智慧城市。
The internet has brought big changes to everyday life.
互联网已给日常生活带来了巨大变革。
For example, e-learning and mobile payment have changed the way we study and shop.
例如，在线学习和移动支付改变了我们学习和购物的方式。
Take health for example. We’ll probably wear small devices all the time, and they’ll check our
health and warn us about health problems.
以健康领域为例，我们可能会始终佩戴小型设备，它们会监测我们的健康状况，并就健康问题发出预警。
With this information, doctors can provide better treatment.
有了这些信息，医生就能提供更优质的治疗。
For example, smart rubbish bins will automatically tell the smart city network when they are
full.
例如，智能垃圾桶在装满时会自动向智慧城市网络发送信号。
This data will allow the rubbish collection company to plan better collection routes.
这些数据能让垃圾收集公司规划更优的收集路线。
Our roads will be much safer in the future, and traffic will flow more smoothly.
未来的道路会安全得多，交通流动也会更顺畅。
Listening & Speaking & Writing
It is about 80 kilos in weight.
这东西重约80千克。
Do you use social media How often do you check it per day
你使用社交媒体吗？每天查看的频率是？
Do you usually send your friends messages, or do you talk more in person
你经常给朋友发信息吗？还是说当面谈的时候更多？
Next week, I will be interviewing Jackie Chan about his latest movie.
下周我将采访成龙，请他谈论他的最新电影。
What are the positive and negative effects of the internet on their lives
互联网对他们的生活产生的积极的和消极的影响有哪些？
Write a paragraph to express your opinion.
写一段来表达你的看法。
I love reading science fiction novels, and I post my book reviews online.
我喜欢阅读科幻小说，我会把书评发到网上。
Every time I write a review, I get hundreds of comments.
每次我写一个书评，会得到数百条评论。
Text 2
This is the basis for all modern computers.
这是所有现代计算机的基础。
Ted Hoff was the main inventor of the microprocessor, or “microchip”.
特德霍夫是微处理器，即芯片的主要发明者。
This was a major breakthrough in the history of computers.
这是计算机历史上的一次重大突破。
Thanks to the microchip, computers and other electronic devices got faster and smaller very
quickly.
有了芯片，计算机和其他电子设备得以迅速提高运行速度和小型化。
A US company designed the first PC (personal computer) for the general public.
一家美国公司为公众设计出了第一台个人计算机。
The arrival of smartphones has started a new era in digital technology.
智能手机的到来给数码技术开启了一个新的时代。
Expressions such as “Wi-Fi”, “download” and “app” have become part of our daily lives.
“无线”“下载”以及“应用”等词汇已经成为我们日常生活的一部分。
Some computers will be tiny—perhaps we will even have computers in our clothes.
一些电脑将会变得非常微小——或许我们甚至会把电脑穿戴在衣服上。
2. Grammar
形容词的比较级和最高级
概念
把两者进行比较，表示一个比另一个“更……”时，用比较级；对三者或以上进行比较，并表示其中一个“最……”时，用最高级
e.g.
The black suitcase is cheaper than the red one.
This model has the highest price of all the smart watches in this shop.
变形规则
单音节
大部分加-er，有-e则加-r 大部分加-est，有-e则加-st
闭音节，双写加-er 闭音节，双写加-est
辅+y，改-y为-i加-er 辅+y，改-y为-i加-est
e.g.
My computer can operate at a faster speed than yours.
The first computers were larger than cars.
It’s the world’s biggest internet technology company.
This is the heaviest snow we have had this winter.
双音节
大部分加more 大多加most
少数加-er，有-e则加-r，辅+y的改-y为-i加-er 少数加-est，有-e则加-st，辅+y的改-y为-i加-est
e.g.
He is more famous as a singer than as an actor.
My sister is always a lot cleverer than I am.
This question is the simplest.
It is the easiest question to answer.
多音节
比较级加more，最高级加most
e.g.
This model is more expensive than that one.
One of the most important changes will come in energy use.
★ 最高级前面要带定冠词the，如果最高级前已经有物主代词或所有格，则不必加the
e.g.
The Changjiang is the longest river in China.
China’s longest river is the Changjiang.
This phone is the most expensive one I have ever bought.
My most expensive phone I have ever bought is this one.
某些形容词比较级、最高级的不规则变化
good better best
bad worse worst
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
many/much more most
little少 less least
e.g.
With this information, doctors can provide better treatment.
As more things become connected to the internet, our cities will become smart cities.
副词的比较级和最高级
概念和变形规则同形容词，不赘述
e.g.
Our roads will be much safer in the future, and traffic will flow more smoothly.
比较级前的一些修饰词
比较级前可以用much, by far, far, a little, little, a lot, even等修饰词表示比较的程度
e.g.
Computers today are much faster than before.
Some computers are even smarter than human beings.
They will be many times faster than today’s computers, and much more powerful.
He ran a little faster than him.
Unit 4 Inventions 发明
1. Key words, phrases and sentences（those marked with an asterisk can be skipped）
Text 1
When the first humans decided to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in search of new
places to live and better sources of food, they did it on foot.
当第一批人类在 10 万多年前决定离开家园，寻找新的居住地和更充足的食物来源时，他们靠步行完成迁徙。
Humans continued walking across the globe for the next 94,000 years, until about 6,000 years
ago when a number of important changes took place.
此后的 9.4 万年里人类持续徒步穿越全球，直到约 6000 年前，一系列重要变革发生。
For instance, in the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan, people started to ride horses.
例如，在中亚国家哈萨克斯坦，人们开始骑马。
Although this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts
of goods was still a difficult job.
尽管这意味着人类可以更快更远地出行，但运输大量货物仍是难题。
They soon attached wheels to horse-pulled vehicles.
很快，人们将轮子安装在马拉的交通工具上。
This invention increased national and international trade.
这一发明促进了国内和国际贸易的发展。
These old paths quickly became extremely difficult to use in wet weather.
这些旧道路在雨天很快就变得难以通行。
The Romans then invented new road-building techniques.
随后罗马人发明了新的筑路技术。
Windmills, clocks and other machines all use wheels, and the Industrial Revolution
depended on the wheel.
风车、钟表和其他机械都要用到轮子，工业革命也依赖于轮子。
Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time.
毫无疑问，轮子是有史以来最重要的发明之一。
Listening & Speaking & Writing
The speaker personally likes the invention very much.
说话者个人非常喜欢这项发明。
It’s too early to make any predictions about the election results.
现在对选举结果做出预测还为时过早。
Are the following statements true or false
下面的说法对还是错？
Don’t make fun of me.
不要取笑我。
I’ve had the benefit of a good education.
我得益于受过良好教育。
You can travel farther distances in less time.
人们可以旅行时间更短，距离更远。
Instead of petrol, the car uses solar power, so it will not pollute the air.
这种汽车利用太阳能而非汽油，所以不会污染空气。
My invention will help people avoid traffic jams.
我的发明将帮助人们避免交通堵塞。
People can fly anywhere they like and enjoy the view at the same time.
人们可以飞去任何想去的地方，同时也可以享受沿途的风景。
Text 2
He was so busy that he didn’t notice her.
他太忙，没有注意到她。
First, spread out a mixture of pine gum, wax and paper ash on a metal plate.
首先，把松脂、石蜡和纸灰混合物在一张金属盘上摊开。
Next, put each piece of type on the plate and fix them with a frame.
然后把每一块活字放在盘子上并用框架固定住。
After that, heat it up so that the mixture will melt.
之后加热金属盘，其上松脂、石蜡、纸灰混合物融化。
Then press down on the clay characters with a board to make sure the surface is even.
然后用一张硬板按压于胶泥字块上，以使表面平整。
2. Grammar
某些形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化
good/well better best
bad worse worst
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
many/much more most
little少 less least
e.g.
Many inventions make people’s lives better.
People work best in the morning.
The invention of the wheel allowed people to travel farther distances.
Can you stand a bit further away
等同比较
表示两个比较对象在某些方面等同
肯定式：as + 形容词/副词原级 + as
e.g.
You will be as free as a bird.
Although he works as hard as Jack, he just can not catch up with him.
否定式：not as/so +形容词/副词原级 + as
e.g.
The weather will be sunny and hot by the end of the week, but not as hot as today.
It tastes not so good as that one.
Horse-pulled vehicles can not run as fast as the train.
★ 拓展：as + 形容词原级&名词 + as
e.g.
With electric lights, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime.
A candle does not produce as much light as a light bulb.
You’ve made as perfect a wheel as mine.
Unit 5 Going on an exchange trip 来一场交换之旅
1. Key words, phrases and sentences（those marked with an asterisk can be skipped）
Text 1
I plan to keep in touch with them when I return home. ( )
我打算回国后和他们保持联系。
We’ll see one another soon because they’ll come over to the UK for the second part of the
exchange next month.
我们很快就会互相再见面，因为他们下个月会来英国参加交换项目的第二部分。
“I was very nervous at first,” says Sarah.
“起初我非常紧张，”萨拉说。
I’m really grateful that they let me stay in their home.
我很感激他们让我住在家里。
I love Chinese food and enjoy every meal I have with my host family.
我喜欢中国菜，和寄宿家庭一起吃的每顿饭都很享受。
I’ve learnt to use chopsticks, and I can speak a little Chinese!
我已经学会了用筷子，还能说一点中文！
At the weekend, they go on tours with their host families around Beijing and visit places of
interest, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and the National Museum.
周末他们跟着寄宿家庭在北京游览，参观长城、颐和园和国家博物馆等旅游圣地。
The wall snakes its way through the mountains of north China for thousands of kilometres.
长城像一条巨龙蜿蜒穿过中国北方的群山，绵延数千公里。
The Great Wall is no doubt one of the most amazing achievements in human history! ( )
毫无疑问，长城是人类历史上最令人惊叹的成就之一！
The teachers have introduced us to Chinese painting as well. ( )
老师还向我们介绍了中国画。
I haven’t had much success yet, but I’ll keep trying.
虽然我目前还不太成功，但会继续尝试。
Speaking & Writing
Going away to college has made me much more independent.
离家上大学使我变得独立自主得多。
I emptied the contents of the fridge onto the table.
我把冰箱里的东西全都腾到桌上。
I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
我不是故意伤害你的感情。
Text 2
It you travel to a foreign country, you may feel confused, strange or anxious.
如果你去到外国，你可能会感到陌生、困惑，或者是焦虑。
Culture shock usually follows four phases, also known as “the model of cultural
adjustment”.
文化冲击通常有以下四个阶段，也叫做“文化适应模型”。
Everything is new and unfamiliar, and it is fun to explore the new place and learn about the
local culture.
所有东西都是新的，不熟悉的。你会乐于探索新地方，了解当地文化。
You may get really homesick and lonely.
你可能会开始思乡，感到孤独。
During this phase, you slowly start to deal with the difficulties.
在这个阶段，你慢慢开始解决这些困难。
You know what to expect in most situations and the host country no longer feels all that new.
你知道大多数情况下会发生什么，对异国的新鲜劲不再那么强烈。
You start to accept the local culture, and you also learn how to deal with the things you do not
like.
你开始接受当地文化，你也学会了如何处理不喜欢的事物。
You finally begin to feel at home in the new culture, and the cultural differences are not a big
problem any more.
在这个新的文化里，你终于开始有家的感觉。文化差异不再是一个很大的问题。
It can be hard to adjust when you return to your home country after you have been away for a
long time. ( )
离开日久，返回母国的时候调整起来会很困难。
Cross-curricular connection
They discovered that these people were better at understanding new information and adapting
to change.
他们发现这些人在理解新事物和适应变化方面要更强。
2. Grammar
现在完成时
意义：动作、事情发生在过去，但是强调跟现在有某种联系，对当下有影响。
e.g.
I went on a tour around Guangzhou last week.
（一般过去时：仅陈述过去发生的事件，起始于过去结束于过去，且不带任何感彩）
I have visited Guangzhou twice.
（现在完成时：“visit Guangzhou”发生在过去，但本句强调的是“visit Guangzhou”这一事件对现在的影响，比如既然已经去过两次，现在不去了）
★ 现在完成时下的动作、事情发生起始在过去，其结束可以在过去也可以到目前为止仍未结束
e.g.
“I have watched videos about the Great Wall before, but seeing it in person is definitely an unforgettable experience!” says Lisa.
（“看关于长城的视频”发生在过去结束在过去，用现在完成时表示对现在的影响，比如对长城已经有了一些了解）
I have been in Beijing for a week now.
（“在北京逗留”起始于一周之前的过去，到说话的现在仍未结束）
结构：have/has + -ed分词
I have / have not I’ve... / I haven’t...
You You’ve... / You haven’t...
We We’ve... / We haven’t...
They They’ve... / They haven’t...
Tom and Jack Tom and Jack have... / Tom and Jack haven’t...
He has / has not He’s... / He hasn’t...
She She’s... / She hasn’t...
It It’s... / It hasn’t...
Tom Tom hasn’t... / Tom hasn’t...
e.g.
I have done lots of fun things so far!
Tom hasn’t finished his homework.
★ 大多数动词的过去分词与它的过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词参考教科书表格
常见的搭配的副词和介词
e.g.
Jack has taught English for 10 years.
（for后接一段时间）
Jack has taught English since 2015.
（since后接时间点）
The exchange students haven’t been to the Great Wall since they arrived last week.
They have not watched the hit movie yet.
（yet用于否定句，与not一起构成“还没……”含义）
Have you seen her yet
（yet用于疑问句，询问到目前为止是否发生）
He has already tried a lot of local food in Beijing.
Have you ever thought of moving to Shanghai
I’ve never lost the weight I put on in my twenties.
★ 现在完成时绝对不可以与确定的、明确的时间连用，比如：yesterday, 3 days ago, last week,in 2025,
when I was a child
e.g.
My mom has told me that story yesterday. （×）
My mom told me that story last week. （√）
My mom has told me that story before. （√）
A sitcom to enjoy：
你的好兄弟乌蝇哥刚刚充当了你的忠诚僚机帮你在最喜欢的女生面前出尽了风头。你要请他一顿麦当劳。
You: Come on, let’s go for a McDonald’s. We’re lovin’ it.
麦当劳走吧，我们的最爱。
Flyman: Don’t bother. I have had it.
不忙。我吃过了。
You: How come You enjoyed it yourself without your godfather me accompanying you!
怎么个事？不带你义父我一起，就吃过了？
Flyman: It will cost you being your wing man. Knowing how stingy you are, I had already ordered a take-away on your phone before this operation.
给你当僚机是有代价的。知道你小气，行动前我就用你的手机先点了。
You: When and how !
什么时候，怎么干的？！
Flyman: Last night when you were having a shower I stole your phone. And I deleted the payment record in your Wechat. You probably haven’t even noticed.
昨晚你冲凉的时候我偷了你手机。微信付款记录我删了，你可能还没发现。
Unit 6 Wisdom counts 智算制胜
1. Key words, phrases and sentences（those marked with an asterisk can be skipped）
Text 1
which famous author wrote about the Trojan War
哪位著名的作者写的《特洛伊战争》？
Where are the remains of Troy located
特洛伊的遗址位于哪里？
Seconds later, the captain stood on the high wall of the city of Troy.
几秒钟后，长官站在特洛伊城的高墙之上。
That night, all the Trojans celebrated their victory in the main square.
当晚，所有特洛伊人在主广场庆祝胜利。
They sang and danced around the horse, and made jokes about the stupid Greeks.
他们围着木马载歌载舞，嘲笑愚蠢的希腊人。
By midnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse.
到了午夜，主广场空无一人，只剩下那匹巨大的木马。
Some Greek soldiers were hiding inside.
一些希腊士兵正藏在里面。
These soldiers secretly came back while the Trojans were celebrating.
这些士兵趁特洛伊人庆祝时悄悄返回了。
Now the Greek army entered the city.
现在希腊军队进入了城中。
In the end, they succeeded in capturing it in just one night with a clever trick—and without
any fighting.
最终他们用一个巧妙的诡计在一夜之间（成功）攻克特洛伊——未发生任何战斗。
Speaking & Writing
We Trojans can’t be beaten!
我们特洛伊人是不可战胜的！
We were tired of war, and we missed home.
我们都厌倦了战争，想家。
The next morning, all the other Greek soldiers went on board their ships and pretended to
sail away.
第二天早上，所有其他希腊士兵都登上了船，假装要扬帆起航。
Text 2
Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang and wanted him to fail.
周瑜嫉恨诸葛亮，想要他失败。
Therefore, he asked Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows within ten days.
因此他要求诸葛亮在10天之内造出10万支箭来。
On the early morning of the third day, he asked his soldiers to fill 20 large boats with straw
men.
在第三天的清晨，他让士兵往20条大船上装满稻草假人。
The soldiers shouted and beat their drums loudly.
士兵们大声喊叫，鼓声激烈。
When Cao Cao’s soldiers heard the sounds, they thought they were under attack.
曹操的军队听到响声，以为遭到进攻。
However, they could not see through the thick fog on the river.
然而他们看不透江面上浓厚的雾气。
Cao Cao ordered his soldiers to shoot arrows towards the sounds of the drums and the
shouting.
曹操命令军士向鼓声和喊声方向射箭。
Zhuge Liang’s boats were soon full of arrows.
诸葛亮的船很快就装满了箭。
2. Grammar
现在完成时
意义：动作、事情发生在过去，但是强调跟现在有某种联系，对当下有影响。
e.g.
There were many famous poets in the Tang dynasty.
（一般过去时：仅陈述过去某一时候存在的事实，起始于过去结束于过去，且不带任何感彩）
“They have sailed away and (have) taken everything with them,” the captain said.
（现在完成时：“航行离开，带走物资”显然发生在说话之前的过去，但本句强调对说话当时的影响，比如不再需要打仗了）
★ 现在完成时下的动作、事情发生起始在过去，其结束可以在过去也可以到目前为止仍未结束
e.g.
“The Greek soldiers have disappeared—all of them,” the soldier cried.
（“消失”发生在过去，说话时也已经完成结束）
“The Greek army has tried for ten years to capture our city”, the captain said.
（“试图夺取特洛伊城邦”的战争行为起始于10年前，到说话时仍未结束）
结构：have/has + -ed分词
I have / have not I’ve... / I haven’t...
You You’ve... / You haven’t...
We We’ve... / We haven’t...
They They’ve... / They haven’t...
Tom and Jack Tom and Jack have... / Tom and Jack haven’t...
He has / has not He’s... / He hasn’t...
She She’s... / She hasn’t...
It It’s... / It hasn’t...
Tom Tom hasn’t... / Tom hasn’t...
e.g.
I have been in Beijing for a week now.
Tom hasn’t finished his homework.
★ 大多数动词的-ed分词（也叫过去分词）与它的过去式相同，不规则动词的-ed分词参考教科书表格
常见的搭配的副词和介词
e.g.
Jack has taught English for 10 years.
（for后接一段时间）
Jack has taught English since 2015.
（since后接时间点）
The exchange students haven’t been to the Great Wall since they arrived last week.
They have not watched the hit movie yet.
（yet用于否定句，与not一起构成“还没……”含义）
Have you seen her yet
（yet用于疑问句，询问到目前为止是否发生）
He has already tried a lot of local food in Beijing.
Have you ever thought of moving to Shanghai
I’ve never lost the weight I put on in my twenties.
★ 现在完成时绝对不可以与确定的、明确的时间连用，比如：yesterday, 3 days ago, last week,in 2025,
when I was a child
e.g.
My mom has told me that story yesterday. （×）
My mom told me that story 3 days ago. （√）
My mom has told me that story before. （√）
A sitcom to enjoy：
你的好兄弟乌蝇哥刚刚充当了你的忠诚僚机帮你在最喜欢的女生面前出尽了风头。你要请他一顿麦当劳。
You: Come on, let’s go for a McDonald’s. We’re lovin’ it.
麦当劳走吧，我们的最爱。
Flyman: Don’t bother. I have had it.
不忙。我吃过了。
You: How come You enjoyed it yourself without your godfather me accompanying you!
怎么个事？不带你义父我一起，就吃过了？
Flyman: It will cost you being your wing man. Knowing how stingy you are, I had already ordered a take-away on your phone before this operation.
给你当僚机是有代价的。知道你小气，行动前我就用你的手机先点了。
You: When and how !
什么时候，怎么干的？！
Flyman: Last night when you were having a shower I stole your phone. And I deleted the payment record in your Wechat. You probably haven’t even noticed.
昨晚你冲凉的时候我偷了你手机。微信付款记录我删了，你可能还没发现。
Unit 7 The secret of memory 记忆的秘密
1. Key words, phrases and sentences（those marked with an asterisk can be skipped）
Text 1
Create a rhyme or song and repeat it several times.
写一首押韵的小诗，多读几遍。
Make flash cards or take notes.
制作闪卡（识字卡片）或者做笔记。
Make it visual—create interesting images in your mind to help you remember.
让要记的东西可视化——在脑子里想象出有趣的画面来帮助自己记忆。
A mind map is a visual summary of what we have learnt.
思维导图是一种对所学内容视觉化处理的总结。
First, it is helpful to live a mentally active life.
首先，保持活跃的脑力生活大有裨益。
Make a point of trying new things.
一定要尝试新事物。
In memory linking, you make mental connections to help you remember things.
记忆链接方式，即通过将事物在脑子里建立关联来帮助记忆。
For example, you can make up a story to link items in a list so that you will remember them.
例如将记忆清单中的记忆项目都串联起来编排出一个故事，这样就能记住了。
You will be exercising your brain as well as improving your memory!
这样除了提升记忆力外还能锻炼大脑！
Healthy eating habits are especially important, and a healthy diet helps maintain a good
memory.
健康饮食习惯尤为重要，均衡饮食有助于维持良好记忆。
What’s more, regular physical exercise and getting enough sleep also help improve your
memory.
此外，经常锻炼和睡眠充足也有助于改善记忆。
Last but not least, it is important to get plenty of rest.
最后（但同样重要），充分休息同样关键。
Unless you take time to relax, your brain will find it hard to remember things.
如果不花时间放松，大脑会难以记住事物。
Besides, if you get too stressed or worried, your memory will become less sharp.
此外，过度压力或焦虑也会使记忆力变迟钝。
Everyone has moments of forgetfulness and memory tends to decline with age.
每个人都会有健忘的时候，且记忆力通常随年龄增长而衰退。
Therefore, it is quite normal for people to experience memory loss as they get older.
因此，人们上了年纪后出现记忆减退是很正常的。
Speaking & Writing
You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the context.
你应该能从上下文猜出这个词的含义。
She has a good sense of smell.
她有很好的嗅觉。
This is a good way to help us review what we have learnt. ( )
这是一个可以帮助回顾所学内容的好方法。
Text 2
Tree rings contain lots of secrets from the forest.
年轮中蕴涵了大量森林的秘密。
This is a good sign as it means the tree grew well and was healthy. ( )
这是一个好的迹象，因为这意味着树木生长得很好，很健康。
When it doesn’t rain enough, the tree won’t grow as much, and the rings are narrow. ( )
如果雨水不足，树木的长势就不足，年轮就窄。
Thanks to this, scientists can look at the tree ring patterns to learn about climate change in a
particular place.
因此，科学家可以通过研究年轮的图案来了解特定区域的气候变化。
Scientists also look at tree rings to study natural disasters.
科学家也通过观察年轮来研究自然灾害。
How common are forest fires ( )
森林火灾有多常见（发生频率）？
Nowadays, they can even look at the chemistry of each tree ring to figure out exactly when
the tree was cut down.
如今，科学家甚至可以通过研究每一条年轮的化学成分来弄清楚该树究竟是什么时候被砍伐的。
2. Grammar
条件状语从句2
是什么
简而言之，条件状语从句是谈条件的句子
句型：如果怎样（条件），将会怎样（结果）
谈条件的句子叫做条件状语从句；“将会”句是主句，在条件状语从句所设定的条件之下，得出主句这样一个结果
e.g.
If you learn to play a new instrument or learn a foreign language, you will exercise your brain.
从句：提出可能的行动 主句：可能产生的结果
★ 主句放前从句放后亦可，位置无影响
语法特点
时态
主将从现：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；条件从句描述假设，主句谈论可能的情况
e.g.
Your memory will work better if you live a healthy life.
（主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时）
主现从现：主从句均用一般现在时；条件从句描述假设，主句谈论事实、真理等必然的情况
e.g.
If you mix blue and yellow, you get green.
Salt disappears if you put it into water.
（主句一般现在时，从句一般现在时）
主句和从句中也会出现情态动词、祈使句，可能出现的搭配组合如下：
e.g.
If scientists count the rings from the black area, they can answer difficult questions, such as “When did the fire happen ” and “How common are forest fires ”.
（从句用一般现在时，主句用情态动词）
If the workers can take time to relax, they will feel less worried, and their brain will stay sharp.
（从句用情态动词，主句用一般将来时）
If the words are difficult to remember, try and make it visual—create interesting images in your mind to help you remember.
（从句用一般现在时，主句用祈使句）
Eat healthily, get enough sleep and exercise regularly, it will be easier to remember things.
（从句用祈使句，主句用一般将来时）
搭配的连词
除了if，常见的还有unless(除非，如果不)，as long as(只要)等
e.g.
It is easier to remember things if we study them in many learning sessions over longer period of time.
Unless you get enough sleep, you will not remember things well.
We will take you to have a picnic as long as the weather is good.
Unit 8 Pets and us 宠物和我们
1. Key words, phrases and sentences（those marked with an asterisk can be skipped）
Text 1
I guess people also like dogs because they are faithful.（P116）
我猜人们喜欢狗也因为狗忠诚。
It’s nice to hold them in our arms and play games with them.（L7）
把它们抱在怀里玩游戏很惬意。
It’s also wonderful to see them grow up.（L9）
看着它们长大也很美好。
Second, we can learn responsibility from keeping dogs.（L11）
其次，养狗能让我们学会责任感。
According to my mum, this helps us become more responsible people.（L14）
我妈妈说，这能帮助我们成为更有担当的人。
It can also teach young people how to care for others.（L15）
也能教会年轻人如何关爱他人。
Finally, a dog will love you faithfully and is always pleased to see you.（L18）
最后，狗狗会忠诚地爱你，每次见到你都会很开心。
These characteristics mean that owning a dog will bring you lots of happiness.（L20）
这些特质意味着养狗能给你带来很多快乐。
In short, I think it’s a good idea to have a dog.（L23）
总之，我认为养狗是个好主意。
Pet dogs leave their hair on the floor, on beds and on sofas, and they need to be washed often.
（L27）
宠物狗会把毛发掉在地板、床上和沙发上，还需要经常洗澡。
Some dogs bark more loudly than others.（L31）
有些狗叫得特别大声。
This can keep your neighbours awake at night!（L33）
这会让邻居彻夜难眠！
A small number of pet dogs even attack people.（L35）
少数宠物狗甚至会攻击人。
What’s more, it’s common for people to live in flats.（L37）
另外，现在人们都普遍住在公寓里。
They have no choice but to keep their dogs inside most of the time.（L38）
他们不得不大部分时间把狗养在室内。
However, this is not good for dogs since they need fresh air and large open spaces where they
can run free.（L40）
但这对狗狗不好，因为它们需要新鲜空气和宽敞的开放空间自由奔跑。
Because of all these reasons, I would advise you not to get a dog as a pet.（L49）
基于以上所有原因，我不建议养狗当宠物。
Listening & Speaking & Writing
Cats just lie around.（P120）
猫只是闲躺着。
On the whole, the pet owners seem to prefer Heart.（P122）
总体上来看，宠物主人似乎更喜欢爱心诊所。
Pets may sometimes cause problems.（P123）
宠物有时可能会惹麻烦。
Your dog scared my younger sister the other day.（P123）
那天你的狗吓到我妹妹了。
In addition, cats use a litter box to relieve themselves and cover their own waste.（P124）
另外，猫用猫砂盆上厕所，并且会掩埋自己的排泄物。
If you keep a pet cat, it is unlikely that your neighbours will complain that it makes a loud
noise.（P124）
养猫的话，不太可能发生邻居抱怨噪音的事情。
They are happy staying indoors, eating, sleeping, and playing with small toys.（P124）
猫咪待在室内，吃、睡、玩一些小玩意儿就很开心了。
Text 2
People even believed that cats had magical powers and could bring good luck.（L4）
人们甚至认为猫有魔力，可以带来好运。
In the Middle Ages, pets were often a symbol of wealth and power.（L6）
在中世纪，宠物通常是财富和权力的象征。
It was common for European kings and queens to have pets.（L6）
欧洲的君主王后普遍都饲养宠物。
Sometimes, these animals even had their own servants.（L7）
有时这些宠物甚至拥有专属的仆人。
However, common people did not generally keep pets for fun.（L9）
然而普通人通常不为娱乐而养宠物。
He named him Rin Tin Tin and began teaching him tricks.（L16）
他给它取名为任丁丁，并开始教它把戏。
After the war, Duncan took the dog back to America and entered him in dog shows.（L16）
战后，邓肯把狗带回美国，带它参加表演秀。
One day, the clever dog caught the eye of a film-maker.（L17）
一天，这条聪明的狗引起了一位电影制片人的注意。
Rin Tin Tin went on to star in nearly 30 films and became one of the most famous dogs in
history!（L18）
随后任丁丁主演了将近30部电影，成为史上最出名的狗！
Duncan was full of pride for his clever dog and wrote a poem about him after he died.（L19）
邓肯对他聪明的狗充满了骄傲，在它死后为它写了首诗。
Cats and dogs are among the most popular pets, and hamsters, guinea pigs, turtles and goldfish
are also common.（L21）
猫狗在最受欢迎的宠物之列，仓鼠、豚鼠、乌龟、金鱼也很普遍。
Over the years, the relationship between people and pets has grown closer.（L22）
多年来，人与宠物之间的关系变得更近了。
Across the world, pets are nowadays treated like family members.（L23）
如今全世界范围内，宠物都被人们待为家庭一员。
2. Grammar
副词
修饰动词、形容词、副词及其他结构，表示时间、地点、频率、连接、程度、方式或态度等
分类
e.g.
First, dogs are really cute and make great playmates.
↓ ↓
However, common people did not generally keep pets for fun.
↓ ↓
It is usually quiet, but recently it started barking at night.
↓ ↓
位置
副词在句中的位置，没有一定之规，一般：
时间、地点副词位于句首或句尾；同时出现则地点在前，时间在后
方式副词位于被修饰词之后
程度副词位于被修饰词之前
e.g.
Your dog scared my younger sister yesterday.
（时间副词，修饰整个句子，位于句尾，表示时间）
Indians shit worldwide. 印度人全世界拉屎。
（地点副词，修饰动词shit，位于句尾，表示全世界范围）
An Indian guy shit here yesterday. 昨天一个印度佬在这里拉屎。
（here地点副词在前，yesterday时间副词在后）
Nearly all dogs bark at strangers.
（程度副词，修饰限定性形容词all，位于all之前，表示接近完全的程度）
Some dogs bark more loudly than others.
（方式副词，修饰动词bark，位于bark之后，表示大声地）
构成方式
本单元只讨论简单副词
比较级、最高级
与形容词的比较级和最高级规则类似
e.g.
He drives more carefully than you.
She dances (the) most beautifully among her classmates.
Li Li arrived earlier than me today.
Overall, Hear ranks (the) highest among the pet clinics in town.
副词最高级，the可省略
★ 几个常见的不规则副词变形列表如下
well better best
badly worse worst
little less least
much more most
far farther/ further farthest / furthest
e.g.
She sings much better than I do.
Among all the animals in the zoo, the elephant is treated worst.
You eat more and exercise less. That’s why you are getting fatter and fatter.
The pet owners don’t like Ken’s at all because the staffs at Ken’s care least about pets.
I have to travel farther / further to work now.
Let’s consider this point further.
表示距离可用farther、farthest，也可以用further、furthest；表示程度只能用further、furthest

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