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动词的形式和分类
一、动词的分类
动词的分类 实义动词 （v.） 及物动词（vt.） 跟宾语 like, write。如：He likes music. 他喜欢音乐。
不及物动词（vi.） 不跟宾语 rain, come。如：It rained heavily yesterday. 昨天雨下得很大。
系动词 （link v.） 跟名词或形容词作表语 be, look, sound, taste, feel, smell, become, turn, seem, keep, stay。如：①I am a student. 我是一个学生。②He felt excited. 他感到很兴奋。
助动词 （aux. v.） 跟动词原形或分词 （本身无意义） be （+doing）帮助构成进行时态 be （+done）帮助构成被动语态
have/had （+done）帮助构成完成时态
do, does帮助构成一般现在时态的疑问句或否定句
did帮助构成一般过去时态的疑问句或否定句
will, shall, would, should帮助构成将来时态
情态动词 （modal v.） 跟动词原形 （有意义） can, may, must, need, could, might, should
【即学即练】
一、根据汉语提示拼写单词
1. The manager will be so busy next month that he has to __________(取消) a few unimportant meetings.
2. Hearing the funny story, all the students began to__________ (发笑) loudly.
3.“If you work hard, your exam score will __________ (加倍),” the teacher said to Jim.
4. If you__________ (使混合) red and yellow,what colour will you get
5.The Russian soup __________(闻起来) very nice, I can’t wait to drink it.
二、实义动词的形式
（一）第三人称单数形式的构成
一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，其变化规则与名词单数变复数的方法大体相同。具体见下表：
规则变化 举例
一般动词在词尾加-s； say- says catch- catches fix- fixes carry- carries go -goes kiss-kisses push-pushes
以s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词加-es；
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，改y为i，再加-es；
以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词，直接加-s；
不规则变化 have-has
（二）现在分词的构成
规则变化 举例
一般在动词后加-ing sit- sitting work- working tie- tying write-writing study-studying
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e再加-ing
以y结尾的动词，直接加-ing
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing
以ie结尾的动词，一般将ie改为y，再加-ing
（三）过去式和过去分词的构成
规则变化 举例
一般在动词词尾加-ed； prefer-preferred worry-worried love-loved succeed-succeeded stay-stayed
以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接加-d；
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-ed；
以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词，直接加-ed；
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed；
注意：mix,fix,develop,listen,play,happen不双写
【即学即练】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Do you know the boy____________ (wear) glasses over there
2. My sister likes reading the novels____________ (write) by Mo Yan.
3. I found a wallet____________ (lie) on the ground on my way to school yesterday.
4. The lemon juice____________ (taste) sweet and sour if mixed with some honey. It is delicious.
5. The cup____________ (drop) and broke.
6. My parents____________ (praise) me when I did well at school.
7. We can see clearly that Mongolia ____________(lie) between China and Russia on the map.
8. The boy____________ (win) high praise for his efforts to help his classmates last term.
9. He's a quiet artist and doesn't like to talk much,but his work____________ (shout).
10. Whether she wins or whether she ____________(lose), this is her last game.
三、情态动词的用法
概念 情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能与其后的动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，用来表达建议、请求、可能或意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。常见的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, need, shall, will, should, would及半情态动词had better, have to。
用法 can, could的用法 1. 表示能力，表示“能；会；能够”。 2. 表示可能性，常用于否定句或疑问句中。 3. 表示允许，口语中常用may代替。 4.could虽然是can的过去式，但在口语中could常代替can表示委婉地提出请求，并不表示过去的时态，主要用于疑问句中。 练一练： ①Today is Sunday, so he ________be at school. ②He________ ride a bike when he was four. ③________ you be here at eight o’clock tomorrow morning ④You ________ use my car. 你可以用我的汽车。
may, might的用法 1. 表示许可，意为“可以”。 2. May I... 表示请求许可，否定回答用mustn’t，表示“不可以；禁止”。 3. 表示推测，意为“可能；或许”。 4. 用在祈使句中表示祝愿。如： 5. may的过去式might表示的语气更加委婉、客气。 练一练： ①—I can’t find my ruler. 我找不到我的尺子。 —It ________ be in your pencil box. 它可能在你的铅笔盒里。 ②________ you succeed! ③—________ I borrow your bike —Yes, you ________./No, you________.
must的用法 1. must作“必须；应该”讲，表示必要性；mustn’t则表示“不应该；不许”。 2. must作“一定”讲，表示肯定的猜测（否定猜测用can’t，意为“不可能”）。 注：回答Must... 引出的疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。 练一练： ①These ________ be Lucy’s clothes. Only she has colorful clothes. ②You ________ play on the road. ③—________ I finish your homework today —Yes, you ________./No, you ________.
need的用法 need作情态动词，意为“需要”，主要用于一般疑问句和否定句，其肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t。如： —Need I finish the work today 我需要今天完成这项工作吗？ —Yes, you must./No, you needn’t. 是的，你必须完成。/不，你不必。 拓展：need用作及物动词，其后的宾语可以是名词、动词不定式、动名词、代词。用法与其他行为动词一样，有人称和数的变化。 练一练： —Does he need ________ (wash) his hands —Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
should的用法 should用作情态动词，表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”，表示必要性。不可看作 shall的过去式。 练一练： We ________ be strict in all our work.
【即学即练】
用适当的情态动词填空。
1. —Must I finish all the homework this evening
—No, you____________ . Tomorrow is Saturday, and you have enough time for it.
2. People____________ drive after drinking alcohol（酒）. It’s against the law.
3. —Do you have any plans for this summer vacation
—I’m not sure. I____________ take a trip to Taiwan.
4. Jill looks so painful. There____________ be something wrong with her.
5. —Look at that girl!Is it Judy
—No, it____________ be her. She is still in London.
四、动词短语
概念 动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成固定词组后，在意义上和原来的动词不同，这种动词词组叫短语动词。
分类 动词+介词(后需加宾语) 1. allow for顾及 2. care for照顾 3. catch at尽力抓住 4. come across偶然遇到 5. deal with处理 6. believe in相信 7. depend on/upon依靠 8. get through度过 9. look for寻找 10. laugh at嘲笑 11. send for派人去请 12. want for缺乏
动词 + 副词 及物动词+副词（后需加宾语，宾语为代词时放中间） 1. carry out执行 2. find out查明 3. give up放弃 4. hand in上交 5. look up查找 6. pick up捡起 7. put on穿上 8. put off推迟 9. ring up给……打电话 10. set up建立 11. take off脱下 12. turn off关掉 13. turn on打开 14. think over考虑
不及物短语动词（后不加宾语） 1. get up起床 2. give in屈服 3. go on继续 4. grow up成长 5. look out小心 6. show off炫耀 7. set off/out出发 8. stand up起立 9. take off起飞 10. wake up醒来
动词+副词+介词 （后需加宾语） 1. get on/along with... 与……相处 2. catch up with赶上；跟上 3. come up to走近 4. go on with继续 5. look down upon/on看不起 6. look forward to盼望
动词+名词+介词 （后需加宾语） 1. take part in参加 2. make fun of取笑 3. make use of利用 4. make friends with... 和……交朋友 5. shake hands with... 和……握手 6. take care of照料
常用动词短语归纳 look look for寻找 2. look after照顾 3. look over查看 4. look forward to盼望；向往 5. look at看着 6. look up抬头看；查（字典） 7. look into调查 8. look out当心 9. look out of... 从……往外看 10. look like看起来像 11. look the same看起来一样 12. look through透过……看；浏览
put 1. put off推迟 2. put on穿上；上演；增加 3. put away把……收起来 4. put out扑灭 5. put down写下 6. put back放回 7. put up举起；建造；张贴
turn 1. turn on打开 2. turn off关掉 3. turn up调高（音量） 4. turn down调低（音量） 5. turn to朝向 6. turn into变成 7. turn over翻开；翻转 8. turn... into... 把……变成……
get 1. get on/along （well） with sb. 与某人相处（融洽） 2. get up起床 3. get on上车（船、飞机、马） 4. get off下车（船、飞机、马） 5. get back回去 6. get back to回到 7. get away离开；逃脱 8. get down下来 9. get home到家 10. get into进入；陷入 11. get out （of...）（从……）出去 12. get to到达 13. get together聚会；团聚
take 1. take off（飞机）起飞；脱掉（衣服） 2. take away拿走 3. take out取出 4. take pride in... 对……感到自豪
go 1. go over温习；复习 2. go into走进 3. go out出去；熄灭 4. go away走开 5. go back回去；回顾 6. go by（时间）流逝；从旁经过 7. go down下降；下沉 8. go on继续 9. go through经历 10. go to school去上学 11. go home回家 12. go to the doctor去看医生
make 1. make a decision做决定 2. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 3. make a mistake犯错误 4. make progress取得进步 5. make friends with... 与……交朋友 6. make up编造；虚构；打扮；构成；组成 7. make a face做鬼脸
come 1. come along一道来 2. come in进来 3. come into进入 4. come out出来；出版 5. come down下来 6. come from来自 7. come back回来 8. come across偶然遇到 9. come over过来 e home回家 11. come into use开始使用 12. come on快点；得啦；跟着来；加油
give 1. give up放弃 2. give off放出；发出（气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等） 3. give out精疲力竭；累倒；耗尽；用完；分发 4. give away泄露；赠送 5. give in屈服；让步；投降
be 1. be friendly/kind to... 对……友好 2. be different from... 与……不同 3. be afraid of害怕 4. be popular with... 受……欢迎 5. be interested in... 对……感兴趣 6. be strict with sb. 对某人严格 7. be strict in sth. 对某事严格 8. be famous/known as... 作为……有名 9. be famous/known for... 因……著名 10. be surprised at... 对……感到惊讶 11. be pleased with... 对……满意 12. be proud of... 对……感到自豪 13. be polite/impolite to... 对……有礼貌/不礼貌 14. be thankful/grateful to... 对……感激 15. be good for... 对……有好处 16. be good at擅长 17. be made up of... 由……构成 18. be angry with... 对……生气 19. be busy with忙于 20. be full of/filled with装满；充满 21. be late for... ……迟到 22. be covered with... 用……覆盖
【即学即练】
根据汉语提示完成句子
1. The film I saw yesterday____________ me ____________(使我想起) the days when I was with my grandparents in the countryside.
2. Here is the book. First____________ (浏览) the book, and then tell me what you think of it.
3. It’s impolite to cut in line while you are ____________（等待） a bus at the bus stop.
4. There was a fire in the hotel at midnight last Friday. Luckily, it was soon____________ （扑灭）.
5. When you visit a museum, you should____________（注意） the instructions and not be against them.
6. -Which bicycle should I choose, sir
-It____________ (取决于) what you want to use it for.
7.We are supposed to____________(把…收起来) smart phones and take more exercise instead.
8.-Michael,could you please help me____________(算出) this math problem
-OK. Let me have a try.
课堂巩固
一、用适当的情态动词填空
1.No matter what happens, we__________keep calm(镇静).
2.-Whose tennis balls are these Are they Linda's
-No,they__________be hers. She doesn't like playing tennis.
3.Alice__________be very interested in physics. She spends all her spare time on it.
4.-Must I go home now
-No，you__________.
5-__________ you tell me the differences between these two photos
-No.They look quite similar, nearly the same.
二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.It was pouring with rain so I__________ (accept) his offer (提议) of a lift.
2.For our safety,we must__________ (follow) the traffic rules on the way to work.
3.Could you please teach me how__________ (give)out“red envelope(红包)”on WeChat
4.The cake __________ (taste) delicious. I'd like to have another one.
5.Alan plans__________ (study) art in the UK. His friends will see him off at the airport next week.
6. The twin brothers are busy__________ (make) art works from ocean waste.
7.-Remember__________ (come) to my daughter's dance show next Friday.
-Of course I will. I'll never forget__________ (see) her dance for the first time last year.
8. He spent two hours__________ (help) his mother with housework last Sunday.
9. My grandfather often__________ (repeat) that he wants to go back and live in the countryside.
10.-How much does the elephant__________ (weigh)
-Perhaps the__________ (weigh) of it is 2 tons.
11.You can go and ask my mother. She is ready__________(help) you with your English.
12.I often go__________ (swim) in my free time.
13. –What makes you __________(suppose) we're going to sell the house
–I hear that you've got a job abroad.
14.Older people used to__________ (see) the films on the square.
15.Just a minute! My brother__________ (wash) his car in the garden.
三、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空
feed afford save enter miss
1. You need to take off your shoes before you____________the new house.
2. —I like reading.
—Great!It can____________ your mind.
3. The boys arrived late at the cinema, and____________ the start of the film.
4. I used to spend all my pocket money on clothes and snacks. But now, I’m trying to____________ some money for charity.
5. I want to have a computer, but I can’t____________ to buy one.
四、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
Professor Stephen Hawking died at the 1.____________（年纪） of 76.
He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work will live on for many years. His courage and humor inspired people 2.____________（遍及） the world.
Hawking also discovered that black holes are not 3.____________（完全） black but emit radiation（释放辐射） and will probably 4.____________（消失） at last.
Unluckily, the ALS disease left Hawking wheelchair-bound and paralyzed. He was able to move only a few 5.____________（手指） on one hand and was always dependent on 6.____________（别人） or on technology—bathing, dressing, eating and even speaking.
Most people value both his scientific achievements and his spiritual power. He said, “I have been 7.____________（幸运的） that my condition has progressed more slowly than it is often the case. But it shows that one 8.____________（不必） lose hope.”
He used to say to his children, “9.___________ （永不） give up work. Work gives you meaning and purpose and life is empty if you don’t have it. What’s more, if you find love around you, remember it is there and you shouldn’t 10.___________（扔） it away.”
We will miss him forever.
五、语法填空
To understand why the Earth is warming up. 1.____________（one） of all, we need to understand why it is warm. Our planet 2.____________（cover） with atmosphere（大气）. Sunlight passes 3.___________the atmosphere and reaches the Earth. The Sun heats up the 4.____________（Earth） surface. When the heat rises into the air, it is stopped by some special gases in the atmosphere like CO2, the 5.____________（heat） returns to the Earth and keeps 6.____________ warm.
Power stations and cars release（释放） so 7.____________ greenhouse gases every day. So we can help stop global（全球的） warming by using less electric things such as 8.____________（turn） off lights when we leave a room, or asking our parents to turn down the heating in our house 9.____________（save） energy. We can also stop global warming by finding other ways of transportation. For example, ride a bicycle or walk instead of going by car. 10.____________ way to help stop global warming is to plant and care for trees. Trees take in CO2, so they are our best friends when fighting against global warming.
参考答案：
动词
一、动词的分类【即学即练】(1)cancel (2) laugh (3)double (4)mix (5)smells
一、实义动词的形式【即学即练】
(1)wearing (2)written (3)lying (4)tastes (5)dropped
(6)praised (7)lies (8)won (9)shouts (10)loses
三、情态动词
练一练：can’t; could;Could;can/may may;May;May;may;mustn’t must;mustn’t;Must;must;needn’t
to wash should;Shall
【即学即练】(1)needn’t (2)mustn’t (3)may/might (4)must (5)can’t
四、动词短语【即学即练】
(1)reminded;of (2)look through (3)waiting for (4)put out (5)pay attention to
(6)depends on (7)put away (8)work out
课堂巩固：
一、用适当的情态动词填空
1.should 2.can’t 3.must 4.needn’t 5.Can
二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.accepted 2.follow 3.to give 4.tastes 5.to study
6.making 7.to come;seeing 8.helping 9.repeats 10.weigh;weight
11.to help 12.swimming 13.suppose 14.see 15.is washing
三、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空
1. enter 2. feed 3. missed 4. save 5. afford
四、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
1. age 2. across 3. completely 4. disappear 5.fingers
6. others 7. lucky 8. needn’t 9. Never 10. throw
五、语法填空
1. First 2. is covered 3. through 4. Earth’s 5.heat
6. it 7. many 8. turning 9. to save 10. Another

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