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2026年版
新课标八下unit2 Stay Healthy知识清单
Section A
词性转换
stomach n. 胃 stomachache n.胃痛
careless adj.粗心的 careful adj.细心的 carefully adv.细心地 care n./v. 关心，在意
runny adj.流鼻涕的；流眼泪的；易流动的 run v.跑，运转
description n.描述 describe v. 描述
patient adj 耐心的 patience n.耐心 patiently adv.耐心地
illness n.疾病 ill adj.生病的 同义词：sick be sick 生病的
injury n.伤害，损伤 injured adj.受伤的 injure v.伤害，损伤
knife n.刀 pl. Knives 小刀
clear adj.清晰的 clearly adv.清晰地
pain n.疼痛 painful adj.令人痛苦的
brightness n.亮度 bright adj.明亮的
重点短语
ourselves 我们自己 反身代词常见搭配 by oneself独自，单独；enjoy oneself玩得开心 help oneself to sth. 自取（食物、饮料） hurt oneself伤到自己 teach oneself自学 dress oneself自己穿衣服 introduce oneself自我介绍
sore throat 喉咙痛 sore 常指身体表层或者局部的痛
stomachache 肚子疼 headache头痛 toothache牙疼 backache腰痛背痛 -ache名词后缀，多表示身体内部或持续性的隐痛
press down 按下，按压
go to the dentist看牙医 = see a dentist =visit the dentist
have a fever发烧 Have a cough咳嗽 have the flu流行性感冒
avoid doing sth避免做某事 avoid sb./sth.避开某物/某人 avoid mistakes避免错误
natural gas天然气 greenhouse gas温室气体 gas mask 防毒面具
step on the gas踩油门；加速
a runny nose流鼻涕
suffer from遭受（疾病/负面情况）
take a seat坐下 Take one’s temperature 给某人量体温 take medicine吃药
stop sb./sth .from doing sth阻止某人/某物做某事
take/have a text for sth 为了检测某物而参加检查/测试
treat a patient 治疗病人 a metal patient 精神病人
be patient with sb.对某人有耐心
injure oneself弄伤自己 多指事故/意外受伤；也指机能损伤，如骨折、扭伤
区别：get hurt 受伤 hurt feelings伤感情 a slight hurt轻微伤痛 多指肉体疼痛或感情受伤
physical/mental pain身体上/精神上的痛苦 suffer from great pain承受剧痛
What’s more更有甚者 同义词； furthermore= moreover=besides
catch fire 着火
take care of 照顾 =look after
physical conditions身体情况
feel well 身体感觉舒服/健康 feel good感觉良好，心情舒畅
couldn’t help oneself 忍不住。情不自禁
be more careful！多加小心!
soft drinks碳酸饮料
给建议：You should/shouldn't/might/could do...
no more+名词 没有更多....
fell off跌倒
get out of 摆脱，离开，从......出来 get out of bed 起床
cross the road 过马路
instead of sth/doing sth 而不是做某事
语法点
一、情态动词表建议(should/shouldn’t/could)
1. should / shouldn’t 最常用、语气委婉，适用于日常建议。
结构：主语 + should/shouldn’t + 动词原形
例：You should drink more water when you have a cold.
例：You shouldn’t stay up late before an exam.
can / could can语气较随意，could 更委婉、礼貌。
结构：主语 + can/could + 动词原形
例：You can try this new restaurant—it’s very good.
例：You could ask your teacher for help with this problem.
may / might 语气较弱，表“可以考虑做某事”，建议的可能性较强。
结构：主语 + may/might + 动词原形
例：You might take a walk to relax yourself.
例：You may join our study group if you want.
补充：had better (not) 最好....
语气比 should 稍强，暗含“这样做更好，否则可能有不良后果”。
结构：主语 + had better (not) + 动词原形
例：You had better take an umbrella—it’s going to rain.
例：You had better not drive after drinking.
二、反身代词
1. 作宾语
当谓语动词的动作作用于主语自身时使用，常见搭配的动词有 teach, hurt, enjoy, dress 等。
结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 反身代词
例：She taught herself French.
例：The kid can dress himself now.
作同位语
用于强调主语或宾语，意为“亲自、本人”，位置可在名词/代词后，也可放在句末。
例：I myself will finish this task.
例：You should ask the manager himself.
用于固定搭配
一些短语中必须使用反身代词，常见的有 by oneself（独自）、help oneself to（随便吃/用）、look after oneself（照顾自己）等。
例：Help yourself to some cake.
例：He lives by himself in the countryside.
重点句型
What’s wrong？=What’s the matter /Are you OK
I’m sorry to hear that！听到这个消息深表同情！
How are you feeling？
If you take good care of yourself, you'll get better soon.如果你好好照顾自己，你很快就会好起来的。
You should see the dentist and get an X-ray.You could eat some soft food for now.你应该去看牙医，拍个X光片。你现在可以吃点软的。
To protect your eyes, every 20 minutes, you should rest your eyes and look at something far away.为了保护眼睛，你应该每隔20分钟让眼睛休息一下，看看远处的东西。
Section B
词性转换
fry v.油炸，油煎 fried adj.煎炸的
happily adv.开心地 happy adj.开心得 happiness n.幸福/开心
burn v.燃烧 burning adj.燃烧的，着火的（正在燃烧） burnt adj 烧焦的（结果或状态） a burning fever高烧 a burning desire强烈的欲望 burnt toast烤焦的吐司
quick adj.快的 quickly adv.快速地
safety n.安全，安全住所 safe adj.安全的 safely adv.安全地
sadly adv.伤心地 sad adj.伤心的 sadness n.伤心
unfortunately adv 不幸地=unluckily fortunately adv.幸运地=luckily
badly adv.糟糕地 bad adj 糟糕的 worse adj.更糟糕的 worst adj.最糟糕的
harm n/v 伤害 harmful adj.有害的
painful adj.疼痛的 pain n.疼痛，痛苦
lie---lay----lain 平躺，平卧 多义： lie v. 撒谎 lie-lied-lied（巧记：规则地撒谎）
形近词：lay v.下蛋。产卵 lay--laid--laid
shock n/v 震惊/使震惊 shocked adj 震惊的，吃惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的
tight adj.疼痛的，憋气的；紧的，牢固的 tightly紧紧地，牢固地
nervously adv.紧张不安地 nervous adj.紧张的
allergic adj.过敏的 allergy n. 过敏症
重点短语
turn on打开 反义词：turn off on/off 开/关
no way 没门
on fire 着火，起火 be on fire着火
be about to do sth正要/即将做某事
stop short突然停住
first aid急救
eat out在外用餐
lie down躺下
from now on从现在开始
call out呼叫
look up抬头看，向上看； 查阅资料
rush back into冲回去
in a panic惊慌失措中
at once 立刻，马上
cry out大声呼喊，惊叫
put out 扑灭
roll on the floor在地面打滚
throw himself to the floor趴在地上
in seconds瞬间，在几秒间
leave out 省略，不包括，遗漏
keep oneself safe from sth保护自己免受某物的伤害
start a fire 生火，点火；引发火灾
in pain 介词短语 感到疼痛 be in pain感到疼痛
get an injury 受伤
be allergic to 对..过敏
jump into action like行动起来，迅速投入行动
right away立刻，马上 = at once=immediately
feel strange 感到不自在/不舒服
长难句分析
Just then, he heard the front door open, followed by the sound of Allen singing.
句子结构：简单句 + 过去分词followed短语做伴随状语（表示被动）
成分拆分：时间状语Just then
主句：he heard the front door open（hear后接复合宾语，open是省略to的不定式作宾补）
伴随状语：followed by the sound of Allen singing（过去分词短语，singing是动名词，作of的宾语）
句意：就在这时，他听到前门开了，紧接着传来艾伦唱歌的声音。
Do you smell something burning "
句子结构：一般疑问句，感官动词smell+复合宾语
成分拆分：主语you 谓语smell
复合宾语：something burning（burning是现在分词作宾补，表主动、进行）
句意：你闻到什么东西烧焦了吗？
James said as he ran cool water over his arm.
句子结构：主句 + 时间状语从句
成分拆分：主句James said
时间状语从句：as he ran cool water over his arm（as引导“当……时”）
句意：詹姆斯一边用凉水冲洗胳膊，一边说道。
"Anything but fried chicken," he said sadly.
句子结构：直接引语 + 主句
成分拆分
直接引语：Anything but fried chicken（but是介词，表“除了……之外”）
主句：he said sadly（sadly副词作状语）
句意：“什么都行，就是别吃炸鸡，”他沮丧地说。
But he was so close to the pan that a flame jumped onto his shirt.
句子结构：结果状语从句（so...that... 结构）
成分拆分
主句：he was so close to the pan
结果状语从句：that a flame jumped onto his shirt
句意：可他离平底锅太近了，一团火苗蹿到了他的衬衫上。
Allen was about to do so when he stopped short.
句子结构：并列句（be about to do...when... 固定句型，表“正要做……这时……”）
成分拆分
前半句：Allen was about to do so
后半句：when he stopped short（short副词，表“突然地”）
句意：艾伦正要这么做，却突然停住了
Thanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school, he knew that water could make oil fires much worse!
句子结构：介词短语作状语 + 主句（含宾语从句）
成分拆分
原因状语：Thanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school（he took at school是定语从句，修饰classes）
主句：he knew that...
宾语从句：that water could make oil fires much worse（much修饰比较级worse）
句意：多亏了他在学校上的急救与安全课程，他知道水会让油火变得更旺！
In seconds, the fire in the burning pan was put out.
句子结构：简单句（被动语态）
成分拆分
时间状语：In seconds
主语：the fire in the burning pan（burning现在分词作定语，修饰pan）
谓语：was put out（被动语态，put out表“扑灭”） 被动语态结构：be+V-过去分词
句意：转眼间，烧着的平底锅里的火就被扑灭了。
It was lucky that his shirt wasn't too thin!
句子结构：主语从句（it作形式主语）
成分拆分
形式主语：It
表语：lucky
真正的主语从句：that his shirt wasn't too thin
句意：万幸的是，他的衬衫不算太薄！
"Maybe we should eat out tonight," James said as he ran cool water over his arm.
句子结构：直接引语 + 主句（内含时间状语从句）
成分拆分
直接引语1：Maybe we should eat out tonight
主句：James said as he ran cool water over his arm（as引导时间状语从句）
主句主语James
谓语动词：said（衔接直接引语，表“说”）
时间状语从句：as he ran cool water over his arm
引导词 as 表“当……时”；
从句主语 he（指代 James）；
从句谓语 ran（此处意为“冲洗”）；
从句宾语 cool water；
状语 over his arm 表动作的范围（“冲在他的胳膊上”）。
句意：詹姆斯一边用凉水冲洗胳膊，一边说：“或许我们今晚该出去吃。”
"Anything but fried chicken," he said sadly.
直接引语：Anything but fried chicken
主句：he said sadly ；主语he；谓语动词said；状语sadly（副词，修饰动词 said，表说话的状态）
整体是省略句，完整表达可理解为 I want anything but fried chicken，在句中作宾语；
anything but 是固定搭配，意为“除……之外任何事物”；
宾语中心词是 anything，fried chicken 作 but 的介词宾语。
句意：他难过地说：“除了炸鸡，什么都行。”

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