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Unit 1 Past and present period 2 Grammar
Grammar --Present perfect tense 现在完成时
核心用法：
动作从过去开始，持续到现在（强调持续时长）
动作的起点在过去（如 “1989 年”“参加工作时”），一直延续到说话的现在，未停止。
高频标志词：since（+ 过去时间点 / 过去从句）、for（+ 时间段）、over the years、in recent years、during the last 10 years（从过去一直到现在）
He’s lived there since he finished college.（他大学毕业后就住在那里了 —“住” 的动作从毕业持续到现在）
Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed since the late 1970s.（自 20 世纪 70 年代末以来，深圳以惊人速度发展 ——“发展” 持续至今）
My father has worked at the hospital for over 15 years.（我爸爸在这家医院工作了 15 年多 ——“工作” 持续 15年）
★since 后接 “过去时间点”（如 since 2010）或 “过去时从句”（如 since he was a child），不能接时间段；
★for 后接 “时间段”（如 for 5 years、for a long time）；☆此用法中，谓语动词需是 “持续动词”（如 live、work、develop、improve）
动动作发生在过去，对现在有明确影响 / 结果（强调 “现在状态”）
动作在过去某个不确定时间发生，但结果直接体现在现在（如 “已经完成”“已经变化”）。
高频标志词：just（刚刚）、already（已经）、yet（尚未）、recently（最近）
例句：
I’ve just learned about many things about Shenzhen from my uncle.（我刚从叔叔那里了解到很多关于深圳的事 —— 现在 “我” 已经知道这些信息了）
Some people in the village have already moved to new buildings.（这个村子的一些人已经搬到了新房里 —— 现在他们住在新楼里）
I haven’t visited Beijing yet.（我还没去北京 —— 现在 “我” 仍未体验过）
Recently, the air quality has improved a lot.（最近，空气质量改善了很多 —— 现在空气更清新了）
★already 用于肯定句，可放在 “助动词 + 过去分词” 之间（常用）或句末（强调语气），
如：I have already finished my homework./I have finished my homework already.
★yet 用于否定句 / 疑问句：否定句中表 “尚未”，疑问句中表 “已经（了吗）”，
如：Has he come back yet “他已经回来了吗？”
★just 放在 “助动词 + 过去分词” 之间，不可句末，如：They have just left.（他们刚走）
动作发生在过去，强调 “经历 / 次数”（不确定具体时间）
关注过去是否有过该经历、经历过多少次，不强调动作发生的具体时间点。
高频标志词：ever（曾经）、never（从未）、once（一次）、twice（两次）、three times（三次）、before（之前）
例句：
Have you been to Shenzhen before （你以前去过深圳吗？—— 询问过去是否有该经历）
I have never visited Shenzhen.（我从未去过深圳 —— 强调没有该经历）
He has been to many cities around the world.（他去过世界上很多城市 —— 强调经历丰富）
She has read the novel twice.（她读了那篇关于深圳的文章两次 —— 强调经历次数）
基本结构
肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) I have finished the task.
否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词 She hasn’t visited Shenzhen before.
疑问句：Have+主语+过去分词 Have you seen the film Yes,I have./No，I haven’t.
时间状语
since（+ 过去时间点 / 过去从句）、for（+ 时间段）、over the years、in recent years、during the last 10 years、so far、up to now、these days
just（刚刚）、already（已经）、yet（尚未）、recently（最近）
ever（曾经）、never（从未）、once（一次）、twice（两次）、three times（三次）、before（之前）
过去分词变化规则
不规则动词：(参考教材后面不规则动词变化表格)
see--seen do--done build--built fall--fallen be--been come--come
go--gone win--won find--found
1.延续性动词是能持续一段时间的动作（如 “住”“工作”），动作能持续进行，可与 “for + 时间段”“since + 过去时间 / 从句” 等表持续时长的状语连用。例：live（住）、work（工作）、keep（保留）、study（学习）、be（是）。
2.非延续性动词是瞬间完成、无法持续的动作（如 “买”“离开”），动作瞬间完成，不能直接与 “for + 时间段”“since” 连用（因为动作无法持续）。例：buy（买）、join（加入）、die（死亡）、leave（离开）、borrow（借）。
一、单项选择题
（ ）1.—How long have you studied in this school —______ 2023.
A. In B. For C. Since D. At
（ ）2.Lucy ______ the toy bear for three years.
A. buys B. bought C. has bought D. has kept
（ ）3.We ______ finished our homework, so we can play games now.
A. have already B. already have C. has already D. already has
（ ）4.I ______ cleaned my room ______. I’ll do it later.
A. have; yet B. haven’t; yet C. have; already D. haven’t; already
（ ）5.—______ you ______ tried Cantonese（广东的） food —Yes, it’s delicious.
A. Do; ever B. Did; ever C. Have; ever D. Will; ever
（ ）6.He ______ been to the Great Wall. It’s his dream to visit it.
A. have never B. has never C. never have D. never has
（ ）7.My grandma ______ in this village ______ she was a little girl.
A. lived; since B. has lived; since C. lived; for D. has lived; for
（ ）8.—When ______ you ______ the film —Last Sunday.
A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did; watch D. will; watch
（ ）9.Our hometown ______ a lot over the years.
A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed
（ ）10.______ the weather ______ better
A. Has; recently got B. Did; recently get C. Does; recently get D. Will; recently get
（ ）11.Tom ______ the football club since 2020.
A. joined B. has joined C. has been in D. joins
（ ）12.They ______ left the classroom. Don’t go there now.
A. have just B. just have C. has just D. just has
（ ）13.She ______ the English novel twice, so she knows the plot well.
A. reads B. read C. will read D. has read
（ ）14.I ______ five new friends during the last 5 years.
A. make B. made C. have made D. will make
（ ）15.—Have you finished the report —______, I ______. I’ll finish it tomorrow.
A. Yes; have B. No; haven’t C. Yes; haven’t D. No; have
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
He ______ (already finish) his project and is ready to present it.
We ______ (be) good friends since we met in primary school.
I ______ (never visit) the Summer Palace before. I want to go there this summer.
They ______ (not move) into the new apartment yet. The furniture is still on the way.
My mother ______ (work) in the hospital for 15 years.
We ______ (just arrive) at the train station. The train will leave in 10 minutes.
The small town ______ (develop) quickly over the past decade.
She ______ (read) the storybook twice because it’s very interesting.
I ______ (not see) my cousin since last month. I miss her a lot.
The environment in our community ______ (recently improve) a lot.
______ you ______ (ever be) to a foreign country
He ______ (keep) the bike for 3 days. He bought it last Friday.
Tom ______ (be a member of) the school band since 2019.
She ______ (never try) Sichuan hot pot. It’s too spicy for her.
We ______ (just find) the lost key under the sofa.
I阅读短文，用括号内单词的适当形式填空（注意现在完成时的用法）
Shenzhen is a famous modern city in Guangdong. It ___1___ (change) a lot since the late 1970s. At that time, it was a small fishing village. Now, thousands of tall buildings ___2___ (appear) in the city.
Many people from all over China ___3___ (move) to Shenzhen to work. My aunt ___4___ (live) here for 20 years. She __5____ (work) in a high-tech company since 2005. “I ___6___ (never see) such fast development before,” she often says.
Have you ___7___ (visit) Shenzhen yet If not, you should plan a trip. The air quality ___8___ (improve) a lot recently, and there are many beautiful parks. I ___9___ (already go) to the Shenzhen Bay Park twice—it’s a great place 10 （enjoy）the sea view!
参考答案：
单选题
C（考点：since 接过去时间点表 “自… 以来”）
D（考点：buy 是瞬间动词，需转延续性动词 keep）
A（考点：already 用于肯定句，放 “助动词 + 过去分词” 之间）
B（考点：yet 用于否定句表 “尚未”）
C（考点：ever 与现在完成时连用，表 “曾经”）
B（考点：never 与现在完成时连用，主语 he 用 has）
B（考点：since 接过去从句，需用现在完成时）
C（考点：答语是具体过去时间，用一般过去时）
D（考点：over the years 提示现在完成时）
A（考点：recently 提示现在完成时）
C（考点：join 是瞬间动词，需转延续性动词 be in）
A（考点：just 放 “助动词 + 过去分词” 之间）
D（考点：次数标志词 twice 提示现在完成时）
C（考点：during the last 5 years 提示现在完成时）
B（考点：现在完成时一般疑问句的否定回答）
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空答案
has already finished
have been
have never visited
haven’t moved
has worked
have just arrived
has developed
has read
haven’t seen
has recently improved
Have; ever been
has kept
has been a member of
has never tried
have just found
三、语篇填空答案
has changed
have appeared
have moved
has lived
has worked
have never seen
visited
has improved
have already gone
to enjoy

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